Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(SM) is a very popular medicinal plant that has been extensively applied for many years to treat various diseases, especially coronary heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, either alone...Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(SM) is a very popular medicinal plant that has been extensively applied for many years to treat various diseases, especially coronary heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, either alone or in combination with other Chinese plant-based medicines. Although a large number of studies on SM have been performed, they are scattered across a variety of publications. The present review is an up-to-date summary of the published scientific information about the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, side effects, and drug interactions with SM, in order to lay the foundation for further investigations and better utilization of SM. SM contains diverse chemical components including diterpenoid quinones, hydrophilic phenolic acids, and essential oils. Many pharmacological studies have been done on SM during the last 30 years, focusing on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects, and the antioxidative, neuroprotective, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. The research results strongly support the notion that SM has beneficial therapeutic properties and has a potential of being an effective adaptogenic remedy.展开更多
Carthamus tinctorius L. is commonly known as Safflower. C. tinctorius extracts and oil are important in drug development with numerous pharmacological activities in the world. This plant is cultivated mainly for its s...Carthamus tinctorius L. is commonly known as Safflower. C. tinctorius extracts and oil are important in drug development with numerous pharmacological activities in the world. This plant is cultivated mainly for its seed, which is used as edible oil. For a long time C. tinctorius has been used in traditional medicines as a purgative, analgesic, antipyretic and an antidote to poisoning. It is a useful plant in painful menstrual problems, post-partum hemorrhage and osteoporosis. C. tinctorius has recently been shown to have antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. Carthamin, safflower yellow are the main constituents in the flower of C. tinctorius. Carthamidin, isocarthamidin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, safflor yellow A, safflamin C and luteolin are the main constituents which are reported from this plant. Caryophyllene, p-allyltoluene, 1-acetoxytetralin and heneicosane were identified as the major components for C. tinctorius flowers essential oil. Due to the easy collection of the plant and being widespread and also remarkable biological activities, this plant has become both food and medicine in many parts of the world. This review presents comprehensive analyzed information on the botanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects of C. tinctorius.展开更多
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death,and recently described as a new molecular mechanism of chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of tumors.Miltirone,a derivative of phenanthrenequinone isolated from the root o...Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death,and recently described as a new molecular mechanism of chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of tumors.Miltirone,a derivative of phenanthrenequinone isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,has been shown to possess anti-cancer activities.Here,we found that miltirone inhibited the cell viability of either HepG2 or Hepa1-6 cells,and induced the proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin E(GSDME)in each hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cell line,with concomitant cleavage of caspase 3.Knocking out GSDME switched miltirone-induced cell death from pyroptosis to apoptosis.Additionally,the induction effects of miltirone on GSDMEdependent pyroptosis were attenuated by si RNA-mediated caspase three silencing and the specific caspase three inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK,respectively.Miltirone effectively elicited intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and suppressed phosphorylation of mitogen-activated and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(MEK)and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2(ERK1/2)for pyroptosis induction.Moreover,miltirone significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced pyroptosis in the Hepa1-6 mouse HCC syngeneic model.These results provide a new insight that miltirone is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC via GSDME-dependent pyroptosis.展开更多
Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide(HCP) is extracted from Houttuynia cordata, a key traditional Chinese medicine. The study was to investigate the effects of HCP on intestinal barrier and microbiota in H1N1 virus infec...Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide(HCP) is extracted from Houttuynia cordata, a key traditional Chinese medicine. The study was to investigate the effects of HCP on intestinal barrier and microbiota in H1N1 virus infected mice. Mice were infected with H1N1 virus and orally administrated HCP at a dosage of 40 mg×kg^(–1)×d^(–1). H1N1 infection caused pulmonary and intestinal injury and gut microbiota imbalance. HCP significantly suppressed the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and decreased mucosubstances in goblet cells, but restored the level of zonula occludens-1 in intestine. HCP also reversed the composition change of intestinal microbiota caused by H1N1 infection, with significantly reduced relative abundances of Vibrio and Bacillus, the pathogenic bacterial genera. Furthermore, HCP rebalanced the gut microbiota and restored the intestinal homeostasis to some degree. The inhibition of inflammation was associated with the reduced level of Toll-like receptors and interleukin-1β in intestine, as well as the increased production of interleukin-10. Oral administration of HCP alleviated lung injury and intestinal dysfunction caused by H1N1 infection. HCP may gain systemic treatment by local acting on intestine and microbiota. This study proved the high-value application of HCP.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Hybanthus enneaspermus in different models.Methods:The oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and normoglycemic effect of alcoholic extract of Hybanthus ennea...Objective:To evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Hybanthus enneaspermus in different models.Methods:The oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and normoglycemic effect of alcoholic extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus(AHE) were evaluated at a dose of 125,250 and 500mg/kg p.o.while hypoglycemic activity and effect on body weight were tested at 250 and 500 mg/kg p.o.per day for 21 days in Streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Further,glucose uptake by hemidiaphram was also evaluated.The total polyphenolic and flavonoid were determined and their correlation with various antioxidant assays was also determined.Results:The results showed high level of phenolic content in AHE.AHE also exhibited higher total antioxidant capacity,good reducing power and a significant scavenger of reactive oxygen species like DPPH radical,nitric oxide,hydrogen peroxide and deoxyribose.Furthermore there was a significant increase in the body weight and decrease in the blood glucose level on treatment with the AHE.AHE increased glucose uptake on isolated rat hemi-diaphragm compared to control group.Conclusions:AHE reduce blood glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic model.It does not show significant effect in normoglycemic study but showes significant effect in OGT.AHE has significant antioxidant activity,which may be attributed to high phenolic content.展开更多
Alternatively activated macrophages are more frequently involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. A previous study showed that paeoniflorin, the major active constituent of Paeonia lactiflora Pall...Alternatively activated macrophages are more frequently involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. A previous study showed that paeoniflorin, the major active constituent of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, can inhibit tumor growth and lung metastases of Lewis lung tumor-bearing mice. This study tried to investigate whether paeoniflorin inhibited lung cancer metastasis by inhibiting the alternative activation of macrophages(M2 macrophage). Using a viability assay, the cytotoxicity of paeoniflorin on Lewis lung cancer cells and peritoneal macrophages were investigated. In vitro scratch wound and in vivo lung metastasis experiments were used to test the ability to inhibit the migration of paeoniflorin and the function of M2 macrophages. Flow cytometry was performed to test the cell cycle of Lewis lung cancer cells, and to test the M2 macrophages in peritoneal macrophages and subcutaneous transplantable tumor. It was found that paeoniflorin showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of Lewis lung cancer cells and peritoneal macrophages of mouse in vitro. Paeoniflorin could attenuate the migration of LLC stimulated by alternatively activated macrophages(stimulated for 24 h and 48 h, paeoniflorin 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 vs control group). Paeoniflorin could decrease the cell populations at S phases(paeoniflorin 10, 30, 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.05 vs control group) and increase the cell populations at G0-G1 phases of Lewis lung cancer cells(paeoniflorin 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.05 vs control group) and reduce the numbers of M2 macrophages in peritoneal macrophages induced by IL-4(paeoniflorin 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.01 vs Control group). Paeoniflorin could reduce lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells xenograft and decrease the numbers of M2 macrophages in subcutaneous xenograft tumour in vivo(paeoniflorin 20, 40 mg·kg-1, P < 0.01 vs control group). These results suggest that paeoniflorin could reduce lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells xenograft partly through 展开更多
AIM: To examine the growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) and Terminalia bellerica (T. bellerica) extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and lung carcinoma (A549) cells and their s...AIM: To examine the growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) and Terminalia bellerica (T. bellerica) extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and lung carcinoma (A549) cells and their synergistic effect with doxorubicin or cisplatin. METHODS: HepG2 and A549 cells were treated with P. emblica and T. bellerica extracts either alone or in combination with doxorubicin or cisplatin and effects on cell growth were determined using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The isobologram and combination index (CI) method of Chou-Talalay were used to evaluate interactions between plant extracts and drugs. RESULTS: P. emblica and T. bellerica extracts demonstrated growth inhibitory activity, with a certain degree of selectivity against the two cancer cell lines tested. Synergistic effects (CI < 1) for P. emblica /doxorubicin or cisplatin at different dose levels were demonstrated in A549 and HepG2 cells. The T. bellerica/ cisplatin or doxorubicin also showed synergistic effects in A549 and HepG2 cells. In some instances, the combinations resulted in antagonistic effects. The dose reduction level was different and specific to each combination and cell line. CONCLUSION: The growth inhibitory activity of doxorubicin or cisplatin, as a single agent, may be modified by combinations of P. emblica or T. bellerica extracts and be synergistically enhanced in some cases. Depending on the combination ratio, the doses for each drug for a given degree of effect in the combination may be reduced. The mechanisms involved in this interaction between chemotherapeutic drugs and plant extracts remain unclear and should be further evaluated.展开更多
Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a traditional herb used for clearing heat and eliminating toxins,and has also been used for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). In vitro, the crude H. cordata polysac...Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a traditional herb used for clearing heat and eliminating toxins,and has also been used for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). In vitro, the crude H. cordata polysaccharides(CHCP) exhibited potent anti-complementary activity through both the classical and alternative pathways by acting on components C3 and C4 of the complement system without interfering with the coagulation system. This study was to investigate the preventive effects of CHCP on acute lung injury(ALI) induced by hemorrhagic shock plus lipopolysaccharide(LPS) instillation(two-hit)and LPS-induced fever in rats. CHCP significantly attenuated pulmonary injury in the "two-hit" ALI model by reducing pulmonary edema and protein exudation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF). In addition, it reduced the deposit of complement activation products in the lung and improved oxidantantioxidant imbalance. Moreover, CHCP administration inhibited fever in rats, reduced the number of leukocytes and restored serum complement levels. The inhibition on the inappropriate activation of complement system by CHCP may play an important role in its beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases. The anti-complementary polysaccharides are likely to be among the key substances for the heatclearing function of H. cordata.展开更多
Nigella sativa(N.sativa)(Family Ranunculaceae)is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world.It is very popular in various traditional systems of medicine like Unani and Tibb,Ayurveda and Siddha.Seeds and oil h...Nigella sativa(N.sativa)(Family Ranunculaceae)is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world.It is very popular in various traditional systems of medicine like Unani and Tibb,Ayurveda and Siddha.Seeds and oil have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines and food.The seeds of N.saliva have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases and ailments.In Islamic literature,it is considered as one of the greatest forms of healing medicine.It has been recommended for using on regular basis in Tibb-e-Nabwi(Prophetic Medicine).It has been widely used as antihypertensive,liver tonics,diuretics,digestive,anti-diarrheal,appetite stimulant,analgesics,anti-bacterial and in skin disorders.Extensive studies on N.sativa have been carried out by various researchers and a wide spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been explored which may include antidiabetic,anticancer,immunomodulator,analgesic,antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,spasmolytic,bronchodilator,hepato-protective,renal protective,gaslro-prolective,antioxidant properties,etc.Due to its miraculous power of healing,N.sativa has got the place among the top ranked evidence based herbal medicines.This is also revealed that most of the therapeutic,properties of this plant are due to the presence of thymoquinone which is major bioactive component of the essential oil.The present review is an effort to provide a detailed survey of the literature on scientific researches of pharmacognostical characteristics,chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the seeds of this plant.展开更多
Objective:Methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus（A.spinosus） leaves was screened for antioxidant and antipyretic activities.Methods:Antioxidant activity was measured by l,l-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazile（DPPH） fre...Objective:Methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus（A.spinosus） leaves was screened for antioxidant and antipyretic activities.Methods:Antioxidant activity was measured by l,l-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazile（DPPH） free radical scavenging,superoxide anion radical scavenging,hydroxyl free radical scavenging,nitric oxide radical scavenging,2,2 -azinobis-3- ethylbenzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid（ABTS） radical scavenging assays and total phenolic content was also determined.Antipyretic activity of methanolic extract of A.spinosus was measured by yeast induced pyrexia method at concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg using paracetamol as standard drug.Results:Methanolic extract of A.spinosus showed potent antioxidant activity.The IC<sub>50</sub> value was（87.50±3.52）μg/mL,（98.80±1.40）μg/mL,（106.25±0.20）μg/mL,（88.70±0.62）μg/mL and（147.50±2.61）μg/mL for DPPH,superoxide,hydroxyl,nitric oxide and ABTS radical scavenging activities.Methanolic extract of A spinosus showed significant（P【0.01） antipyretic activity.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but is a group of metabolic disorders affecting a huge numlier of population in the world.It is mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia,resulting from defects in insulin...Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but is a group of metabolic disorders affecting a huge numlier of population in the world.It is mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia,resulting from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action.It is predicated that the number of diabetes person in the world could reach upto 366 million by the year 2030.Even though the cases of diabetes are increasing day by day,except insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs no other way of treatment has been successfully developed so far.Thus,the objective of the present review is to provide an insight over the pathophysiological and etiological aspects of diabetes mellitus along with the remedies available for this metabolic disorder.The review also contains brief idea about diabetes mellitus and the experimental screening model with their relevant mechanism and significance mainly used nowadays.Alloxan and streptozotocin are mainly used for evaluating the antidiabetic activity of a particular drug.This review contain list of medicinal plants which have been tested for their antidiabetic activity in the alloxan induced diabetic rat model.From the available data in the literature,it was found that plant having antidiabetic activity is mainly due to the presence of the secondary metabolite.Thus,the information provided in this review will help the researchers for the development of an alternative methods rather than insidin and oral hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of diabetes niellitus,which will minimize the complication associated with the diabetes and related disorder.展开更多
Vitamin C （L-ascorbic acid, AsA） has important antioxidant and metabolic functions in both plants and animals. Once used, ascorbic acid can be regenerated from its oxidized form in a reaction catalyzed by dehydroasc...Vitamin C （L-ascorbic acid, AsA） has important antioxidant and metabolic functions in both plants and animals. Once used, ascorbic acid can be regenerated from its oxidized form in a reaction catalyzed by dehydroascorbate reductase （DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1）. To analyze the physiological role of DHAR catalyzing the reduction of DHA to ascorbate in environmental stress adaptation, we examined whether increasing the level of AsA through enhanced AsA recycling would limit the deleterious effects of oxidative stress. A chimeric construct consisting of the double CaMV35S promoter fused to the Myc-dhar gene was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic plants were biochemically characterized and tested for responses to oxidative stress. Western blot indicated that the dhar-transgene was successfully expressed. In homozygous T4 transgenic seedlings, DHAR overexpression was increased up to 1.5 to 5.4 fold, which enhanced foliar ascorbic acid levels 2- to 4.25-fold and ratio of AsA/DHA about 3- to 16-fold relative to wild type. In addition, the level of glutathione, the reductant used by DHAR, also increased as did its redox state. When whole plants were treated with high light and high temperature stress or in vitro leaf discs were subjected to 10μM paraquat, transgenic plants showed a larger AsA pool size, lower membrane damage, and a higher level of chlorophyll compared with controls. These data suggested that increasing the plant vitamin C content through enhanced ascorbate recycling could limit the deleterious effects of environmental oxidative stress.展开更多
Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) are the major components of Panax notoginseng, with multiple pharmacological activities but poor oral bioavailability. PNS could be metabolized by gut microbiota in vitro, while the exa...Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) are the major components of Panax notoginseng, with multiple pharmacological activities but poor oral bioavailability. PNS could be metabolized by gut microbiota in vitro, while the exact role of gut microbiota of PNS metabolism in vivo remains poorly understood. In this study, pseudo germ-free rat models were constructed by using broad-spectrum antibiotics to validate the gut microbiota-mediated transformation of PNS in vivo. Moreover, a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed for quantitative analysis of four metabolites of PNS, including ginsenoside F1(GF1), ginsenoside Rh2(GRh2), ginsenoside compound K(GCK) and protopanaxatriol(PPT). The results showed that the four metabolites could be detected in the control rat plasma, while they could not be determined in pseudo germ-free rat plasma. The results implied that PNS could not be biotransformed effectively when gut microbiota was disrupted. In conclusion, gut microbiota plays an important role in biotransformation of PNS into metabolites in vivo.展开更多
Previous studies have indicated that the Ilex genus exhibits antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and antiinflammatory activities. However, the pharmacologic action and mechanisms of Ilex cornuta against ca...Previous studies have indicated that the Ilex genus exhibits antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and antiinflammatory activities. However, the pharmacologic action and mechanisms of Ilex cornuta against cardiac diseases have not yet been explored. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of Ilex cornuta root with in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-oxidative effects of the extract of Ilex cornuta root(ICR) were measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free-radical scavenging and MTT assays as well as immunoassay. Furthermore, a rat model of myocardial ischemia was established to investigate the cardioprotective effect of ICR in vivo. Eight compounds were isolated and identified from ICR and exhibited DPPH free-radical scavenging activities. They also could increase cell viability and inhibit morphological changes induced by H_2O_2 or Na_2S_2O_4 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, followed by increasing the SOD activities and decreasing the MDA and ROS levels. In addition, it could suppress the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. In the rat model of myocardial ischemia, ICR decreased myocardial infarct size and suppressed the activities of LDH and CK. Furthermore, ICR attenuated histopathological alterations of heart tissues and the MDA levels, while increasing SOD activities in serum. In conclusion, these results suggest that ICR has cardioprotective activity and could be developed as a new food supplement for the prevention of ischemic heart disease.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly este...Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.展开更多
Objective: One appealing strategy to overcome and prevent resistant problem is the use of combined two or more antibacterial substances. Lawsone methyl ether(LME) is the naphthoquinone found in the leaves of Impatiens...Objective: One appealing strategy to overcome and prevent resistant problem is the use of combined two or more antibacterial substances. Lawsone methyl ether(LME) is the naphthoquinone found in the leaves of Impatiens balsamina. The objective of this study is to determine the interaction of LME with some antibiotics(ampicillin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, and clotrimazole) and a natural compound, artocarpin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), Candida albicans, and Trychophyton rubrum.Methods: A broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibition concentration(MIC). Synergistic effects were evaluated at their own MIC using the checkerboard method and time-kill assay.Results: LME showed moderate antibacterial activity against MRSA with MIC value of 15.6 μg/mL, and exhibited strong antifungal activities against T. rubrum and C. albicans with MIC values of 7.8 and 3.9 μg/m L,respectively. The interaction of LME with the natural compound artocarpin against MRSA produced a synergy with fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI) value of 0.31, while the combination of LME and clotrimazole exhibited synergy against C. albicans and T. rubrum with FICI values of 0.38 and 0.24, respectively. The time-kill assays confirmed that the compounds in combination enhanced their antimicrobial activities against the resistant microorganisms with different degrees.Conclusion: LME in combination with clotrimazole exhibited synergy effect against C. albicans and T.rubrum. In combination with artocarpin, it showed synergy effect against MRSA.展开更多
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)is a transcriptional coactivator that binds to a diverse range of transcription factors.PPARγcoactivator 1(PGC-1)coactivators possess an extensive range of biologic...Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)is a transcriptional coactivator that binds to a diverse range of transcription factors.PPARγcoactivator 1(PGC-1)coactivators possess an extensive range of biological effects in different tissues,and play a key part in the regulation of the oxidative metabolism,consequently modulating the production of reactive oxygen species,autophagy,and mitochondrial biogenesis.Owing to these findings,a large body of studies,aiming to establish the role of PGC-1 in the neuromuscular system,has shown that PGC-1 could be a promising target for therapies targeting neuromuscular diseases.Among these,some evidence has shown that various signaling pathways linked to PGC-1αare deregulated in muscular dystrophy,leading to a reduced capacity for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.In the light of these results,any intervention aimed at activating PGC-1 could contribute towards ameliorating the progression of muscular dystrophies.PGC-1αis influenced by different patho-physiological/pharmacological stimuli.Natural products have been reported to display modulatory effects on PPARγactivation with fewer side effects in comparison to synthetic drugs.Taken together,this review summarizes the current knowledge on Duchenne muscular dystrophy,focusing on the potential effects of natural compounds,acting as regulators of PGC-1α.展开更多
A new bibenzyl derivative, 3,4-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy bibenzyl, was isolated from a orchid Dendrobium moniliforme. The structure elucidation and 1H,13C NMR assignments were achieved by spectroscopic method.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a risk factor for colorectal cancer(CRC) in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).In this study, the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) on colitis-associated CRC progression were evaluate...Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a risk factor for colorectal cancer(CRC) in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).In this study, the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) on colitis-associated CRC progression were evaluated on an azoxymethane(AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) mouse model.In vivo, PNS significantly relieved AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis and development by reducing the disease activity index(DAI) scores and colon tumor load.The 16S rRNA data of fecal samples showed that the microbiome community was obviously destructed, while PNS could recover the richness and diversity of gut microbiota.Especially, PNS could increase the abundance of Akkermansia spp.which was significantly decreased in model group and negatively correlated with the progression of CRC.Moreover, ginsenoside compound K(GC-K) was evaluated on the effects of human CRC cells,which was the main bio-transformed metabolite of PNS by gut microbiota.Our data showed that PNS played important role in the prevention of the progression of CRC, due to their regulation on the microbiome balance and microbial bio-converted product with antiCRC activity.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemie properties of hydroalcoholic extract of fruits of Sapindus mukorossi Caerlen and its beneficial effect on haeniatological parameters with histopath...Objective:To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemie properties of hydroalcoholic extract of fruits of Sapindus mukorossi Caerlen and its beneficial effect on haeniatological parameters with histopathological analysis in streptpzotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods:Sapindus mukorossi fruits extract(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and standard drug glybenclamide(0.5 mg/kg body weight) were administered to diabetic rats.Effect of extract on hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia and hematological parameters was studied in diabetic rats.Histopathological changes in diabetic rat pancreas were also observed after extract and glybenclamide treatment.Results:Daily oral administration of Sapindus mukorossi fruits extract(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glybenclamide for 20 days showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level(P【0.01) and lipid level.The extract has a favorable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas in streptozotocin induced diabetes.Conclusions: These findings reveal that the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapindus mukorossi fruits extract possesses antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemie properties.In addition.the extract can prevent various complications of diabetes and improve some haeniatological parameters.展开更多
基金supported by the Young Scientist Special Project of the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2014AA020508)National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81473301)
文摘Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(SM) is a very popular medicinal plant that has been extensively applied for many years to treat various diseases, especially coronary heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, either alone or in combination with other Chinese plant-based medicines. Although a large number of studies on SM have been performed, they are scattered across a variety of publications. The present review is an up-to-date summary of the published scientific information about the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, side effects, and drug interactions with SM, in order to lay the foundation for further investigations and better utilization of SM. SM contains diverse chemical components including diterpenoid quinones, hydrophilic phenolic acids, and essential oils. Many pharmacological studies have been done on SM during the last 30 years, focusing on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects, and the antioxidative, neuroprotective, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. The research results strongly support the notion that SM has beneficial therapeutic properties and has a potential of being an effective adaptogenic remedy.
文摘Carthamus tinctorius L. is commonly known as Safflower. C. tinctorius extracts and oil are important in drug development with numerous pharmacological activities in the world. This plant is cultivated mainly for its seed, which is used as edible oil. For a long time C. tinctorius has been used in traditional medicines as a purgative, analgesic, antipyretic and an antidote to poisoning. It is a useful plant in painful menstrual problems, post-partum hemorrhage and osteoporosis. C. tinctorius has recently been shown to have antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. Carthamin, safflower yellow are the main constituents in the flower of C. tinctorius. Carthamidin, isocarthamidin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, safflor yellow A, safflamin C and luteolin are the main constituents which are reported from this plant. Caryophyllene, p-allyltoluene, 1-acetoxytetralin and heneicosane were identified as the major components for C. tinctorius flowers essential oil. Due to the easy collection of the plant and being widespread and also remarkable biological activities, this plant has become both food and medicine in many parts of the world. This review presents comprehensive analyzed information on the botanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects of C. tinctorius.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1704500)“Double First-Class”University Project(No.CPU2018GY03,China)
文摘Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death,and recently described as a new molecular mechanism of chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of tumors.Miltirone,a derivative of phenanthrenequinone isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,has been shown to possess anti-cancer activities.Here,we found that miltirone inhibited the cell viability of either HepG2 or Hepa1-6 cells,and induced the proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin E(GSDME)in each hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cell line,with concomitant cleavage of caspase 3.Knocking out GSDME switched miltirone-induced cell death from pyroptosis to apoptosis.Additionally,the induction effects of miltirone on GSDMEdependent pyroptosis were attenuated by si RNA-mediated caspase three silencing and the specific caspase three inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK,respectively.Miltirone effectively elicited intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and suppressed phosphorylation of mitogen-activated and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(MEK)and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2(ERK1/2)for pyroptosis induction.Moreover,miltirone significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced pyroptosis in the Hepa1-6 mouse HCC syngeneic model.These results provide a new insight that miltirone is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC via GSDME-dependent pyroptosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81330089,8167365881274165 and 81673713)the State Key Program for New Drugsfrom the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(No2018ZX0935003-002)
文摘Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide(HCP) is extracted from Houttuynia cordata, a key traditional Chinese medicine. The study was to investigate the effects of HCP on intestinal barrier and microbiota in H1N1 virus infected mice. Mice were infected with H1N1 virus and orally administrated HCP at a dosage of 40 mg×kg^(–1)×d^(–1). H1N1 infection caused pulmonary and intestinal injury and gut microbiota imbalance. HCP significantly suppressed the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and decreased mucosubstances in goblet cells, but restored the level of zonula occludens-1 in intestine. HCP also reversed the composition change of intestinal microbiota caused by H1N1 infection, with significantly reduced relative abundances of Vibrio and Bacillus, the pathogenic bacterial genera. Furthermore, HCP rebalanced the gut microbiota and restored the intestinal homeostasis to some degree. The inhibition of inflammation was associated with the reduced level of Toll-like receptors and interleukin-1β in intestine, as well as the increased production of interleukin-10. Oral administration of HCP alleviated lung injury and intestinal dysfunction caused by H1N1 infection. HCP may gain systemic treatment by local acting on intestine and microbiota. This study proved the high-value application of HCP.
基金Supported by University Grant Commision New Delhi India(No:IT/DEV/08-09/3252/L)
文摘Objective:To evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Hybanthus enneaspermus in different models.Methods:The oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and normoglycemic effect of alcoholic extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus(AHE) were evaluated at a dose of 125,250 and 500mg/kg p.o.while hypoglycemic activity and effect on body weight were tested at 250 and 500 mg/kg p.o.per day for 21 days in Streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Further,glucose uptake by hemidiaphram was also evaluated.The total polyphenolic and flavonoid were determined and their correlation with various antioxidant assays was also determined.Results:The results showed high level of phenolic content in AHE.AHE also exhibited higher total antioxidant capacity,good reducing power and a significant scavenger of reactive oxygen species like DPPH radical,nitric oxide,hydrogen peroxide and deoxyribose.Furthermore there was a significant increase in the body weight and decrease in the blood glucose level on treatment with the AHE.AHE increased glucose uptake on isolated rat hemi-diaphragm compared to control group.Conclusions:AHE reduce blood glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic model.It does not show significant effect in normoglycemic study but showes significant effect in OGT.AHE has significant antioxidant activity,which may be attributed to high phenolic content.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81503284)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015PY016)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Alternatively activated macrophages are more frequently involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. A previous study showed that paeoniflorin, the major active constituent of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, can inhibit tumor growth and lung metastases of Lewis lung tumor-bearing mice. This study tried to investigate whether paeoniflorin inhibited lung cancer metastasis by inhibiting the alternative activation of macrophages(M2 macrophage). Using a viability assay, the cytotoxicity of paeoniflorin on Lewis lung cancer cells and peritoneal macrophages were investigated. In vitro scratch wound and in vivo lung metastasis experiments were used to test the ability to inhibit the migration of paeoniflorin and the function of M2 macrophages. Flow cytometry was performed to test the cell cycle of Lewis lung cancer cells, and to test the M2 macrophages in peritoneal macrophages and subcutaneous transplantable tumor. It was found that paeoniflorin showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of Lewis lung cancer cells and peritoneal macrophages of mouse in vitro. Paeoniflorin could attenuate the migration of LLC stimulated by alternatively activated macrophages(stimulated for 24 h and 48 h, paeoniflorin 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 vs control group). Paeoniflorin could decrease the cell populations at S phases(paeoniflorin 10, 30, 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.05 vs control group) and increase the cell populations at G0-G1 phases of Lewis lung cancer cells(paeoniflorin 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.05 vs control group) and reduce the numbers of M2 macrophages in peritoneal macrophages induced by IL-4(paeoniflorin 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.01 vs Control group). Paeoniflorin could reduce lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells xenograft and decrease the numbers of M2 macrophages in subcutaneous xenograft tumour in vivo(paeoniflorin 20, 40 mg·kg-1, P < 0.01 vs control group). These results suggest that paeoniflorin could reduce lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells xenograft partly through
基金research grants from Thammasat University, Thailand
文摘AIM: To examine the growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) and Terminalia bellerica (T. bellerica) extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and lung carcinoma (A549) cells and their synergistic effect with doxorubicin or cisplatin. METHODS: HepG2 and A549 cells were treated with P. emblica and T. bellerica extracts either alone or in combination with doxorubicin or cisplatin and effects on cell growth were determined using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The isobologram and combination index (CI) method of Chou-Talalay were used to evaluate interactions between plant extracts and drugs. RESULTS: P. emblica and T. bellerica extracts demonstrated growth inhibitory activity, with a certain degree of selectivity against the two cancer cell lines tested. Synergistic effects (CI < 1) for P. emblica /doxorubicin or cisplatin at different dose levels were demonstrated in A549 and HepG2 cells. The T. bellerica/ cisplatin or doxorubicin also showed synergistic effects in A549 and HepG2 cells. In some instances, the combinations resulted in antagonistic effects. The dose reduction level was different and specific to each combination and cell line. CONCLUSION: The growth inhibitory activity of doxorubicin or cisplatin, as a single agent, may be modified by combinations of P. emblica or T. bellerica extracts and be synergistically enhanced in some cases. Depending on the combination ratio, the doses for each drug for a given degree of effect in the combination may be reduced. The mechanisms involved in this interaction between chemotherapeutic drugs and plant extracts remain unclear and should be further evaluated.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81330089,30925042,and 30801508)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012ZX09301001-003)
文摘Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a traditional herb used for clearing heat and eliminating toxins,and has also been used for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). In vitro, the crude H. cordata polysaccharides(CHCP) exhibited potent anti-complementary activity through both the classical and alternative pathways by acting on components C3 and C4 of the complement system without interfering with the coagulation system. This study was to investigate the preventive effects of CHCP on acute lung injury(ALI) induced by hemorrhagic shock plus lipopolysaccharide(LPS) instillation(two-hit)and LPS-induced fever in rats. CHCP significantly attenuated pulmonary injury in the "two-hit" ALI model by reducing pulmonary edema and protein exudation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF). In addition, it reduced the deposit of complement activation products in the lung and improved oxidantantioxidant imbalance. Moreover, CHCP administration inhibited fever in rats, reduced the number of leukocytes and restored serum complement levels. The inhibition on the inappropriate activation of complement system by CHCP may play an important role in its beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases. The anti-complementary polysaccharides are likely to be among the key substances for the heatclearing function of H. cordata.
基金Supported by Deanship of Scientific Research,King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia(Grant No.431-044)
文摘Nigella sativa(N.sativa)(Family Ranunculaceae)is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world.It is very popular in various traditional systems of medicine like Unani and Tibb,Ayurveda and Siddha.Seeds and oil have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines and food.The seeds of N.saliva have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases and ailments.In Islamic literature,it is considered as one of the greatest forms of healing medicine.It has been recommended for using on regular basis in Tibb-e-Nabwi(Prophetic Medicine).It has been widely used as antihypertensive,liver tonics,diuretics,digestive,anti-diarrheal,appetite stimulant,analgesics,anti-bacterial and in skin disorders.Extensive studies on N.sativa have been carried out by various researchers and a wide spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been explored which may include antidiabetic,anticancer,immunomodulator,analgesic,antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,spasmolytic,bronchodilator,hepato-protective,renal protective,gaslro-prolective,antioxidant properties,etc.Due to its miraculous power of healing,N.sativa has got the place among the top ranked evidence based herbal medicines.This is also revealed that most of the therapeutic,properties of this plant are due to the presence of thymoquinone which is major bioactive component of the essential oil.The present review is an effort to provide a detailed survey of the literature on scientific researches of pharmacognostical characteristics,chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the seeds of this plant.
文摘Objective:Methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus（A.spinosus） leaves was screened for antioxidant and antipyretic activities.Methods:Antioxidant activity was measured by l,l-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazile（DPPH） free radical scavenging,superoxide anion radical scavenging,hydroxyl free radical scavenging,nitric oxide radical scavenging,2,2 -azinobis-3- ethylbenzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid（ABTS） radical scavenging assays and total phenolic content was also determined.Antipyretic activity of methanolic extract of A.spinosus was measured by yeast induced pyrexia method at concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg using paracetamol as standard drug.Results:Methanolic extract of A.spinosus showed potent antioxidant activity.The IC<sub>50</sub> value was（87.50±3.52）μg/mL,（98.80±1.40）μg/mL,（106.25±0.20）μg/mL,（88.70±0.62）μg/mL and（147.50±2.61）μg/mL for DPPH,superoxide,hydroxyl,nitric oxide and ABTS radical scavenging activities.Methanolic extract of A spinosus showed significant（P【0.01） antipyretic activity.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but is a group of metabolic disorders affecting a huge numlier of population in the world.It is mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia,resulting from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action.It is predicated that the number of diabetes person in the world could reach upto 366 million by the year 2030.Even though the cases of diabetes are increasing day by day,except insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs no other way of treatment has been successfully developed so far.Thus,the objective of the present review is to provide an insight over the pathophysiological and etiological aspects of diabetes mellitus along with the remedies available for this metabolic disorder.The review also contains brief idea about diabetes mellitus and the experimental screening model with their relevant mechanism and significance mainly used nowadays.Alloxan and streptozotocin are mainly used for evaluating the antidiabetic activity of a particular drug.This review contain list of medicinal plants which have been tested for their antidiabetic activity in the alloxan induced diabetic rat model.From the available data in the literature,it was found that plant having antidiabetic activity is mainly due to the presence of the secondary metabolite.Thus,the information provided in this review will help the researchers for the development of an alternative methods rather than insidin and oral hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of diabetes niellitus,which will minimize the complication associated with the diabetes and related disorder.
基金supported by grants from the State Key Basic research and development Plan of China (2007CB108805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30600807 and30900786)+1 种基金the Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation (08DZ1971502)Shanghai Western Development Cooperation Foundation (084358014),Shanghai Science and Technology Committee
文摘Vitamin C （L-ascorbic acid, AsA） has important antioxidant and metabolic functions in both plants and animals. Once used, ascorbic acid can be regenerated from its oxidized form in a reaction catalyzed by dehydroascorbate reductase （DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1）. To analyze the physiological role of DHAR catalyzing the reduction of DHA to ascorbate in environmental stress adaptation, we examined whether increasing the level of AsA through enhanced AsA recycling would limit the deleterious effects of oxidative stress. A chimeric construct consisting of the double CaMV35S promoter fused to the Myc-dhar gene was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic plants were biochemically characterized and tested for responses to oxidative stress. Western blot indicated that the dhar-transgene was successfully expressed. In homozygous T4 transgenic seedlings, DHAR overexpression was increased up to 1.5 to 5.4 fold, which enhanced foliar ascorbic acid levels 2- to 4.25-fold and ratio of AsA/DHA about 3- to 16-fold relative to wild type. In addition, the level of glutathione, the reductant used by DHAR, also increased as did its redox state. When whole plants were treated with high light and high temperature stress or in vitro leaf discs were subjected to 10μM paraquat, transgenic plants showed a larger AsA pool size, lower membrane damage, and a higher level of chlorophyll compared with controls. These data suggested that increasing the plant vitamin C content through enhanced ascorbate recycling could limit the deleterious effects of environmental oxidative stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31400306)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2015JJ3156)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M 570692)
文摘Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) are the major components of Panax notoginseng, with multiple pharmacological activities but poor oral bioavailability. PNS could be metabolized by gut microbiota in vitro, while the exact role of gut microbiota of PNS metabolism in vivo remains poorly understood. In this study, pseudo germ-free rat models were constructed by using broad-spectrum antibiotics to validate the gut microbiota-mediated transformation of PNS in vivo. Moreover, a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed for quantitative analysis of four metabolites of PNS, including ginsenoside F1(GF1), ginsenoside Rh2(GRh2), ginsenoside compound K(GCK) and protopanaxatriol(PPT). The results showed that the four metabolites could be detected in the control rat plasma, while they could not be determined in pseudo germ-free rat plasma. The results implied that PNS could not be biotransformed effectively when gut microbiota was disrupted. In conclusion, gut microbiota plays an important role in biotransformation of PNS into metabolites in vivo.
文摘Previous studies have indicated that the Ilex genus exhibits antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and antiinflammatory activities. However, the pharmacologic action and mechanisms of Ilex cornuta against cardiac diseases have not yet been explored. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of Ilex cornuta root with in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-oxidative effects of the extract of Ilex cornuta root(ICR) were measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free-radical scavenging and MTT assays as well as immunoassay. Furthermore, a rat model of myocardial ischemia was established to investigate the cardioprotective effect of ICR in vivo. Eight compounds were isolated and identified from ICR and exhibited DPPH free-radical scavenging activities. They also could increase cell viability and inhibit morphological changes induced by H_2O_2 or Na_2S_2O_4 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, followed by increasing the SOD activities and decreasing the MDA and ROS levels. In addition, it could suppress the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. In the rat model of myocardial ischemia, ICR decreased myocardial infarct size and suppressed the activities of LDH and CK. Furthermore, ICR attenuated histopathological alterations of heart tissues and the MDA levels, while increasing SOD activities in serum. In conclusion, these results suggest that ICR has cardioprotective activity and could be developed as a new food supplement for the prevention of ischemic heart disease.
基金financially supported by University Grants Commission,New Delhi
文摘Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.
基金supported by The Thailand Research Fund (Grant No. DBG6180031)
文摘Objective: One appealing strategy to overcome and prevent resistant problem is the use of combined two or more antibacterial substances. Lawsone methyl ether(LME) is the naphthoquinone found in the leaves of Impatiens balsamina. The objective of this study is to determine the interaction of LME with some antibiotics(ampicillin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, and clotrimazole) and a natural compound, artocarpin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), Candida albicans, and Trychophyton rubrum.Methods: A broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibition concentration(MIC). Synergistic effects were evaluated at their own MIC using the checkerboard method and time-kill assay.Results: LME showed moderate antibacterial activity against MRSA with MIC value of 15.6 μg/mL, and exhibited strong antifungal activities against T. rubrum and C. albicans with MIC values of 7.8 and 3.9 μg/m L,respectively. The interaction of LME with the natural compound artocarpin against MRSA produced a synergy with fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI) value of 0.31, while the combination of LME and clotrimazole exhibited synergy against C. albicans and T. rubrum with FICI values of 0.38 and 0.24, respectively. The time-kill assays confirmed that the compounds in combination enhanced their antimicrobial activities against the resistant microorganisms with different degrees.Conclusion: LME in combination with clotrimazole exhibited synergy effect against C. albicans and T.rubrum. In combination with artocarpin, it showed synergy effect against MRSA.
基金supported by the crowd funding#Sport4Therapy to Giuseppe D’Antona(Italy)supported by Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ,Grant Number:CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038
文摘Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)is a transcriptional coactivator that binds to a diverse range of transcription factors.PPARγcoactivator 1(PGC-1)coactivators possess an extensive range of biological effects in different tissues,and play a key part in the regulation of the oxidative metabolism,consequently modulating the production of reactive oxygen species,autophagy,and mitochondrial biogenesis.Owing to these findings,a large body of studies,aiming to establish the role of PGC-1 in the neuromuscular system,has shown that PGC-1 could be a promising target for therapies targeting neuromuscular diseases.Among these,some evidence has shown that various signaling pathways linked to PGC-1αare deregulated in muscular dystrophy,leading to a reduced capacity for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.In the light of these results,any intervention aimed at activating PGC-1 could contribute towards ameliorating the progression of muscular dystrophies.PGC-1αis influenced by different patho-physiological/pharmacological stimuli.Natural products have been reported to display modulatory effects on PPARγactivation with fewer side effects in comparison to synthetic drugs.Taken together,this review summarizes the current knowledge on Duchenne muscular dystrophy,focusing on the potential effects of natural compounds,acting as regulators of PGC-1α.
文摘A new bibenzyl derivative, 3,4-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy bibenzyl, was isolated from a orchid Dendrobium moniliforme. The structure elucidation and 1H,13C NMR assignments were achieved by spectroscopic method.
基金supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(No.81903784)Key Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province(No.2018sk2129)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2020JJ4878)。
文摘Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a risk factor for colorectal cancer(CRC) in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).In this study, the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) on colitis-associated CRC progression were evaluated on an azoxymethane(AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) mouse model.In vivo, PNS significantly relieved AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis and development by reducing the disease activity index(DAI) scores and colon tumor load.The 16S rRNA data of fecal samples showed that the microbiome community was obviously destructed, while PNS could recover the richness and diversity of gut microbiota.Especially, PNS could increase the abundance of Akkermansia spp.which was significantly decreased in model group and negatively correlated with the progression of CRC.Moreover, ginsenoside compound K(GC-K) was evaluated on the effects of human CRC cells,which was the main bio-transformed metabolite of PNS by gut microbiota.Our data showed that PNS played important role in the prevention of the progression of CRC, due to their regulation on the microbiome balance and microbial bio-converted product with antiCRC activity.
文摘Objective:To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemie properties of hydroalcoholic extract of fruits of Sapindus mukorossi Caerlen and its beneficial effect on haeniatological parameters with histopathological analysis in streptpzotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods:Sapindus mukorossi fruits extract(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and standard drug glybenclamide(0.5 mg/kg body weight) were administered to diabetic rats.Effect of extract on hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia and hematological parameters was studied in diabetic rats.Histopathological changes in diabetic rat pancreas were also observed after extract and glybenclamide treatment.Results:Daily oral administration of Sapindus mukorossi fruits extract(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glybenclamide for 20 days showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level(P【0.01) and lipid level.The extract has a favorable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas in streptozotocin induced diabetes.Conclusions: These findings reveal that the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapindus mukorossi fruits extract possesses antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemie properties.In addition.the extract can prevent various complications of diabetes and improve some haeniatological parameters.
