AIM： The genes were divided into seven categories according to biological function; apoptosis-related, immune response-related, signal transduction-related, cell cyclerelated, cell growth-related, stress response-rel...AIM： The genes were divided into seven categories according to biological function; apoptosis-related, immune response-related, signal transduction-related, cell cyclerelated, cell growth-related, stress response-related and transcription-related genes. METHODS： We compared the gene expression profiles of SNU-C4 cells between amygdalin-treated （5 mg/mL, 24 h） and non-treated groups using cDNA microarray analysis. We selected genes downregulated in cDNA microarray and investigated mRNA levels of the genes by RT- PC R. RESULTS： Microarray showed that amygdalin downregulated especially genes belonging to cell cycle category： exonuclease 1 （EXO1）, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family F, member 2 （ABCF2）, MRE11 meiotic recombination 11 homolog A （MRE11A）, topoisomerase （DNA） Ⅰ （TOP1）, and FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin-associated protein 1 （FRAP1）. RT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA levels of these genes were also decreased by amygdalin treatment in SNU-C4 human colon cancer cells. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that amygdalin have an anticancer effect via downregulation of cell cycle-related genes in SNU-C4 human colon cancer cells, and might be used for therapeutic anticancer drug.展开更多
AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant,...AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant, α-tocopherol. METHODS： Rats were pretreated with three different dosages of LF （500, 250 and 125 mg/kg） orally, once a day for 14 d before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Nine hours after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, myeloperoxidase and glutathione （GSH） levels, and collagen contents （marker of flexibility） were observed on the esophageal and fundic histopathology. The results were compared with an α-tocopherol （once orally, 1 h before operation, 30 mg/kg） treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed.RESULTS： Pylorus and forestomach ligations caused marked increases of gross esophageal and gastric mucosa lesion areas, which corresponded with histopathological changes. In addition, increases of esophageal lipid peroxidation, decreases of SOD, CAT, and GSH-free radical scavengers, increases of collagen were observed. However, these pylorus and forestomach ligation induced RE were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of LF extract, mediated by antioxidant effects. RE at 250 mg/kg showed similar effects α-tocopherol. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of RE and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of Patrinia scabiosaefolia （PS） on the cholecystokinin （CCK） octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in rats.METHODS： Wistar rats weighing 240-260 g were divided into three g...AIM： To investigate the effect of Patrinia scabiosaefolia （PS） on the cholecystokinin （CCK） octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in rats.METHODS： Wistar rats weighing 240-260 g were divided into three groups： （1） Normal saline-treated group; （2） treatment with PS at 100 mg/kg group, in which PS was administered orally, followed by subcutaneous administration of 75μg/kg CCK octapeptide three times after 1, 3 and 5 h, and this whole procedure was repeated for 5 d; （3） treatment with saline group, in which the protocols were the same as in treatment group with PS. We determined the pancreatic weight/ body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic HSP60, HSP72 and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Repeated CCK octapeptide treatment resulted in the typical laboratory findings of experimentally induced pancreatitis.RESULTS： PS reduced the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of serum amylase and lipase, and inhibited expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the CCK octapeptide-induced AP. Furthermore, PS pretreatment increased the pancreatic levels of HSP60 and HSP72.CONCLUSION： Pretreatment with PS has an antiiinflammatory effect on CCK octapeptide-induced AP.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of selective Cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） inhibitor 4-[5-（4-Chloro-phenyl）-3- （trifluoromethyl）- 1H-pyrazol- 1-yl] benzenesulfonamide （SC-236）, on the cholecystokinin （CCK）-octape...AIM： To investigate the effect of selective Cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） inhibitor 4-[5-（4-Chloro-phenyl）-3- （trifluoromethyl）- 1H-pyrazol- 1-yl] benzenesulfonamide （SC-236）, on the cholecystokinin （CCK）-octapeptideinduced acute pancreatitis （AP） in rats. METHODS： Wistar rat weighing 240 g to 260 g were divided into three groups. （1） Normal DMSO treated group, （2） SC-236 at 4 mg/kg treated group; SC-236 systemically administered via the intravenous （i.v.） catheter, followed by 75 μg/kg CCK octapeptide subcutaneously three times, after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 d. （3） Dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） treated group： an identical protocol was used in this group as in the SC-236 cohort （see 2. above）. Repeated CCK octapeptide treatment resulted in a typical experimentally induced pancreatitis in the Wistar rats. RESULTS： SC-236 improved the severity of CCK- octapeptide-induced AP as measured by laboratory criteria [the pancreatic weight/body weight （p.w/ b.w） ratio, the level of serum amylase and lipase]. The SC-236 treated group showed minimal histologic evidence of pancreatitis and a significant reduction in myeloperoxidase activity. SC-236 also increased heat shock protein （HSP）-60 and HSP72 compared with the DMSO-treated group in the CCK-octapeptide-induced AP and also reduced the pancreatic levels of COX-2. Furthermore, SC-236 reduced proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and inhibited NF-KB activation compared with the DMSO-treated group in the CCK-octapeptide-induced AP. CONCLUSION： Our results suggested that COX-2 plays pivotal role in the development of AP and COX-2 inhibitors may play a beneficial role in preventing AP.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: We searched four representing databases, including Pub Med...Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: We searched four representing databases, including Pub Med, EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Web of Science up to December 2016. Randomized animal studies were included if the effects of any herbal medicine were tested on cancer cachexia. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies(CAMARADE) checklist. Results: A total of fourteen herbal medicines and their compounds were identified, including Coptidis Rhizoma, berberine, Bing De Ling, curcumin, Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hochuekkito, Rikkunshito, hesperidin, atractylodin, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Sosiho-tang, Anemarrhena Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Cortex. All the herbal medicines, except curcumin, have been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of cancer cachexia through anti-inflammation, regulation of the neuroendocrine pathway, and modulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system or protein synthesis. Conclusions: This study showed that herbal medicines might be a useful approach for treating cancer cachexia. However, more detailed experimental studies on the molecular mechanisms and active compounds are needed.展开更多
Objective：To assess the effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment option for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）.Methods：The literatures were searched using 15 databases,including MEDLINE, AMED,CINAHL...Objective：To assess the effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment option for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）.Methods：The literatures were searched using 15 databases,including MEDLINE, AMED,CINAHL,EMBASE,Psyclnfo,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,six Korean medical databases and two Chinese databases without language restritions.Prospective controlled clinical studies of any type of acupuncture therapy for ADHD autistic patients were included.Trials in which acupuncture was part of a complex intervention were also included.All articles were read by two independent reviewers,who extracted data from the articles according to predefined criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Results：Of 114 articles,only three randomized clinical trials（RCTs） met our inclusion criteria.One RCT found that electroacupuncture（EA） plus behavioural treatment was superior to sham EA plus behavioural treatment.Two RCTs reported a significant benefit of acupuncture or auricular acupuncture over conventional drug therapies.Conclusions：Limited evidence exists for the effectiveness of acupuncture as a symptomatic treatment of ADHD.Given that the risk of bias of the included studies was high,firm conclusions cannot be drawn.展开更多
Oxaliplatin, an anticancer drug commonly used to treat colorectal cancer and other tumors, has a number of serious side effects, most notably neuropathy and ototoxicity. To gain insights into its ototoxic profile, oxa...Oxaliplatin, an anticancer drug commonly used to treat colorectal cancer and other tumors, has a number of serious side effects, most notably neuropathy and ototoxicity. To gain insights into its ototoxic profile, oxaliplatin was applied to rat cochlear organ cultures. Consistent with it neurotoxic propensity, oxaliplatin selectively damaged nerve fibers at a very low dose 1 μM. In contrast, the dose required to damage hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons was 50 fold higher (50 μM). Oxailiplatin-induced cochlear lesions initial-ly increased with dose, but unexpectedly decreased at very high doses. This non-linear dose response could be related to depressed oxaliplatin uptake via active transport mechanisms. Previous studies have demon-strated that axonal degeneration involves biologically active processes which can be greatly attenuated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). To determine if NAD+would protect spiral ganglion axons and the hair cells from oxaliplatin damage, cochlear cultures were treated with oxaliplatin alone at doses of 10 μM or 50 μM respectively as controls or combined with 20 mM NAD+. Treatment with 10 μM oxaliplatin for 48 hours resulted in minor damage to auditory nerve fibers, but spared cochlear hair cells. However, when cochlear cultures were treated with 10 μM oxaliplatin plus 20 mM NAD+, most auditory nerve fibers were intact. 50 μM oxaliplatin destroyed most of spiral ganglion neurons and cochlear hair cells with apop-totic characteristics of cell fragmentations. However, 50 μM oxaliplatin plus 20 mM NAD+treatment great-ly reduced neuronal degenerations and hair cell missing. The results suggested that NAD+provides signifi-cant protection against oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity and ototoxicity, which may be due to its actions of antioxidant, antiapoptosis, and energy supply.展开更多
Objective： To assess the clinical evidence for and against acupuncture as a treatment for Bell＇s palsy. Methods： We conducted a literature search of 15 databases from their inception to December 2010 without langua...Objective： To assess the clinical evidence for and against acupuncture as a treatment for Bell＇s palsy. Methods： We conducted a literature search of 15 databases from their inception to December 2010 without language restrictions. We included all randomized clinical trials （RCTs） regardless of their controls. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Results： Of the 3 474 articles, only eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Four RCTs tested the effects of acupuncture against drug therapy on disease response rate. The meta-analysis of these data showed significant improvements in the acupuncture group [n=463, risk ratio （RR）=1.07, 95% CI： 1.02 to 1.13; P=0.006, I^2=0%]. Six RCTs tested the effects of acupuncture plus drug therapy versus drug therapy alone. The meta-analysis of this set of RCTs also showed the favorable effects of acupuncture on disease response rate （n=512, RR=1.11, 95% CI： 1.05 to 1.17; P=0.001, I^2=13%）. Conclusions： The evidence supporting the effectiveness of acupuncture for treating Bell＇s palsy is limited. The number and quality of trials are too low to form firm conclusions. Further rigorous RCTs are warranted but need to overcome the many limitations of the current evidence.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:Moxibustion has long been thought to promote vital energy or immunity through clinical experience.This study aimed to investigate the clinical effects of indirect moxibustion on antioxidant and immunomodulat...OBJECTIVE:Moxibustion has long been thought to promote vital energy or immunity through clinical experience.This study aimed to investigate the clinical effects of indirect moxibustion on antioxidant and immunomodulation in a normal population.METHODS:Twenty-five healthy volunteers with no objective or subjective disorders were recruited.The participants were treated with indirect moxibustion on acupoints Guanyuan(CV 4) and Shenque(CV 8) three times per week for 4 weeks.The serum levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and malondialdehyde(MDA),the total antioxidant capacity(TAC),the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase(SOD),and the total glutathione content were determined before and after the 12th moxibustion.Lymphocyte subpopulations and 42 cytokines in the peripheral blood were analyzed using flow cytometry and antibody array,respectively.RESULTS:Compared with the initial time point,the serum levels of ROS and MDA were significantly lowered by moxibustion,while TAC was increased(P<0.01 for all).A significant increase was observed in catalase activity(P<0.05),but not in SOD or total glutathione.There were no significant changes in lymphocyte subpopulations or cytokines in the peripheral blood.Fifteen of 25 participants reported at least one symptom in which they felt subjective improvement after moxibustion.CONCLUSION:Indirect moxibustion on acupoints CV 4 and CV 8 improved the antioxidant defense system,which may be a mechanism explaining the clinical effects of moxibustion.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To assess Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract(ARE) neuroprotective function in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-treated mice and related genes. METHODS: Examined m RNA-DNA methylation change...OBJECTIVE: To assess Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract(ARE) neuroprotective function in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-treated mice and related genes. METHODS: Examined m RNA-DNA methylation changes induced by ARE in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease(PD) model's substantia nigra. RESULTS: ARE mitigated MPTP-induced motor impairment in rotarod and open field tests and preserved tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuronal cells in substantia nigra and striatum. Genome RNA-Sequencing and Methyl-Sequencing in substantia nigra of vehicle/ARE-treated MPTP-induced PD mice showed 84 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) and 1804 differentially methylated regions(DMRs). Upregulated genes involved zinc ion homeostasis, cilium protein localization, and transcription;downregulated genes linked to ephrin receptor signaling, somitogenesis, and gene expression regulation. Hyper/hypomethylated DMRs post-ARE treatment associated with Wnt signaling, mitochondrial organization, dopamine biosynthesis, and hindbrain development. No significant correlation between DEGs and methylated genes related to PD pathogenesis. CONCLUSION: This research has identified the epigenetic targets of ARE's therapeutic action and gives insight on how ARE protects neurons in Parkinson's disease.展开更多
Seagrass restoration as part of ocean ecosystem protection has been launched for many years all over the world, but intensive research on this subject in China has just begun in recent years. Seed broadcasting has bee...Seagrass restoration as part of ocean ecosystem protection has been launched for many years all over the world, but intensive research on this subject in China has just begun in recent years. Seed broadcasting has been widely accepted as the most potentially useful method for seagrass restoration over large areas. We examined the influence of key environmental factors on seed germination to help promote eelgrass bed restoration. Under anoxic conditions, the influence of temperature and salinity on the germination rate of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) seeds was examined at different combinations of four temperatures (4, 9, 14, and 24℃) and nine salinities (5 to 45, increment of 5). The effect of significant interaction of temperature and salinity on germination rate was observed (ANOVA) (P<0.001). The highest germination rate (83.3 ± 3.5)% was reached in 8 weeks at 14℃ and salinity 5. Higher temperature significantly increased the germination rate at salinity 5 (P<0.001) during the whole observation period except for 24℃, while lower salinity significantly increased the germination rate at 14℃ (P<0.001). Although significant interaction was found between temperature and salinity (P<0.001), the influence of salinity was stronger than that of temperature for the germination of eelgrass seeds. These results provide useful information for the propagation of artificial seedlings for seagrass restoration in China.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(六味地黄汤)or Yukmijihwangtang(YJT)on endurance exercise by in vivo experiment.Methods:ICR mice were randomly divided into the control group(distilled water)an...Objective:To study the effect of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(六味地黄汤)or Yukmijihwangtang(YJT)on endurance exercise by in vivo experiment.Methods:ICR mice were randomly divided into the control group(distilled water)and the YJT groups(1,10,100 mg/kg),5 animals per group.YJT and distilled water were orally administered.The anti-fatigue effect of YJT was evaluated by open fifiled test(OFT),forced swimming test(FST),and tail suspension test(TST).Results:In the OFT,YJT signifificantly increased the total movement distance in a dose-dependent manner.Additionally,treatment with YJT signifificantly decreased immobility time in the FST and the TST.Various neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine(NE),serotonin(5-HT),dopamine(DA)levels were increased by FST.Administration of YJT down-regulated the expression levels of NE,5-HT,5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid(5-HIAA),and DA in the brain stem and hypothalamus of mice.Moreover,protein expression of HSP70 in mice liver and heart muscles was signifificantly increased in the YJT groups.Conclusions:YJT could ameliorate fatigue and enhance exercise tolerance through suppressing of brain monoamines including NE,5-HT,5-HIAA,and DA in FST mice model.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of antibacterial activity of luteoiin(LUT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The mechanism of anti-MRSA activity of LUT was analyzed by the viabil...Objective:To investigate the mechanism of antibacterial activity of luteoiin(LUT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The mechanism of anti-MRSA activity of LUT was analyzed by the viability assay in membrane permeabilizing agent ATPase inhibitors,and peptidoglycan(PGN) derived from Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).Also,transmission electron microscopy was used to monitor survival characteristics and changes in S.aureus morphology.Results:Compared to the LUT alone,the optical density of suspensions treated with the combination of 125 μg/mL Tris and 230 μg/mL DCCD were reduced to 60%and 46%,respectively.PGN(15.6 μg/mL) gradually impeded the activity of LUT,and PGN(62.5 μg/mL) completely blocked the activity of LUT on S.aureus.Conclusions:Increased susceptibility to LUT with me Tris and DCCD combinations is evident in all tested MRSA isolates.The results indicate LUT synergy in increasing cytoplasmic membrane permeability and inhibiting ATPase.S.aureus PGN directly blocks the antibacterial activity of LUT,suggesting the direct binding of LUT with PGN.These findings may be validated for the development of antibacterial agent for low MRSA resistance.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the cytoprotective effects of Saeng-kankunbi-tang（生肝健脾汤, SKT）, a herbal prescription consisting of Artemisia capillaris and Alisma canaliculatum, and its underlying mechanism involved...Objective： To investigate the cytoprotective effects of Saeng-kankunbi-tang（生肝健脾汤, SKT）, a herbal prescription consisting of Artemisia capillaris and Alisma canaliculatum, and its underlying mechanism involved. Methods： In mice, blood biochemistry and histopathology were assessed in carbon tetrachloride（CCl4）-induced oxidative hepatic injury in vivo. The animal groups included vehicle-treated control, CCl4, SKT 500 mg/（kg·day） CCl4＋SKT 200 or 500 mg/（kg·day）. In Hep G2 cell, tert-butyl hydroperoxide（t BHP） induced severe oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. The cyto-protective effects of SKT were determined by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay, fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis and western blotting. Results： The administration of SKT prevented liver damage induced by CCl4 in mice, by inhibition of hepatocyte degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration as well as plasma parameters such as alanine aminotransferase（P〈0.01）. Moreover, treatment with t BHP induced hepatocyte death and cellular reactive oxygen species production in hepatocyte cell line. However, SKT pretreatment（30–300 μg/m L） reduced this cell death and oxidative stress（P〈0.01）. More importantly, SKT inhibited the ability of t BHP to induce changes in mitochondrial membrane transition in cell stained with rhodamine 123（P〈0.01）. Furthermore, treatment with SKT induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases-mediated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2（Nrf2） activation as well as the expressions of heme oxygenase 1 and glutamate-cystein ligase catalytic, Nrf2 target genes. Conclusion： SKT has the ability to protect hepatocyte against oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage mediated by Nrf2 activation.展开更多
The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of ethylacetate fraction of Ribes fasciculatum （ERF） on the lifespan and stress tolerance using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The longevity activ...The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of ethylacetate fraction of Ribes fasciculatum （ERF） on the lifespan and stress tolerance using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The longevity activity of ERF was determined by lifespan assay under normal culture condition. The survival rate of nematodes under various stress conditions was assessed to validate the effects of ERF on the stress tolerance. To determine the antioxidant potential of ERF, the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activities and intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels were investigated. The ERF-mediated change in SOD-3 expression was examined using GFP-expressing transgenic strain. The effects of ERF on the aging-related factors were investigated by reproduction assay and pharyngeal pumping assay. The intestinal lipofuscin levels of aged nematodes were also measured. The mechanistic studies were performed using selected mutant strains. Our results indicated that ERF showed potent lifespan extension effects on the wild-type nematode under both normal and various stress conditions. The ERF treatment also enhanced the activity and expression of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and attenuated the intracellular ROS levels. Moreover, ERF-fed nematodes showed decreased lipofuscin accumulation, indicating ERF might affect age-associated changes in C. elegans. The results of mechanistic studies indicated that there was no significant lifespan extension in ERF-treated daf-2, age-l, sir-2.1, and daf-16 null mutants, suggesting that they were involved in ERF-mediated lifespan regulation. In conclusion, R. fasciculatum confers increased longevity and stress resistance in C. elegans via SIR-2.1-mediated DAF-16 activation, dependent on the insulin/1GF signaling pathway.展开更多
Task scheduling is an essential aspect of parallel process system. This NP-hard problem assumes fully connected homogeneous processors and ignores contention on the communication links. However, as arbitrary processor...Task scheduling is an essential aspect of parallel process system. This NP-hard problem assumes fully connected homogeneous processors and ignores contention on the communication links. However, as arbitrary processor network （APN）, communication contention has a strong influence on the execution time of a parallel application. This paper investigates the incorporation of contention awareness into task scheduling. The innovation is the idea of dynamically scheduling edges to links, for which we use the earliest finish communication time search algorithm based on shortest-path search method. The other novel idea proposed in this paper is scheduling priority based on recursive rank computation on heterogeneous arbitrary processor network. In the end, to reduce time complexity of algorithm, a parallel algorithm is proposed and speedup O（PPE） is achieved. The comparison study, based on both randomly generated graphs and the graphs of some real applications, shows that our scheduling algorithm significantly surpasses classic and static communication contention awareness algorithm, especially for high data transmission rate parallel application.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of Garden/a fasm/noides （GJ） on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in mice. METHODS： C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups. （1） Normal salinetreated ...AIM： To investigate the effect of Garden/a fasm/noides （GJ） on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in mice. METHODS： C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups. （1） Normal salinetreated group, （2） treatment with GJ at a dose of 0.1 g/kg, （3） treatment with GJ at a dose of 1 g/kg. GJ was administered orally （n = 6 per group） for 1 wk. Three hours later, the mice were given anintraperitoneal injection of cerulein （50 μg/kg）, a stable cholecystokinin （CCK） analogue, every hour for a total of 6h as described previously. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after completion of cerulein injections. Blood samples were obtained to determine serum amylase, lipase and cytokine levels. The pancreas was rapidly removed for morphologic examination and scoring. A portion of pancreas was stored at -70℃ and prepared for the measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity, an indicator of neutrophil sequestration, and for reverse-transcriptase PCR （RT-PCR） and real-time PCR measurements. RESULTS： Treatment with G.1 decreased significantly the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Treatment with G.1 attenuated the severity of AP compared with saline-treated mice, as shown by reduction in pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, serum amylase and lipase levels, serum cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that GJ attenuated the severity of AP as well as pancreatitisassociated lung injury.展开更多
Acute lung injury(ALI)linked to sepsis has a high mortality rate,with limited treatment options available.In recent studies,medical ozone has shown the potential to alleviate inflammation and infection.Here,we aimed t...Acute lung injury(ALI)linked to sepsis has a high mortality rate,with limited treatment options available.In recent studies,medical ozone has shown the potential to alleviate inflammation and infection.Here,we aimed to evaluate therapeutic potential of medical ozone in a mouse model of the sepsis-induced ALI by measuring behavioral assessments,lung function,and blood flow.Protein levels were quantified by Western blotting.In vitro,we performed experiments on bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs)to investigate the effect of adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)inhibitors and agonists on their phagocytic activity.The results showed that medical ozone significantly improved the survival rate,ameliorated lung injury,and enhanced lung function and limb microcirculation in mice with ALI.Notably,medical ozone inhibited the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),a crucial factor in the ALI development.Additionally,medical ozone counteracted the elevated levels of tissue factor,matrix metalloproteinase-9,and interleukin-1β.In the ALI mice,the effects of ozone were abolished,and BMDMs showed an impaired capacity to engulf NETs following the Sr-a1 knockout.Under normal physiological conditions,the administration of an AMPK antagonist showed similar effects on the Sr-a1 knockout,significantly inhibiting the phagocytosis of NETs by BMDMs.In contrast,AMPK agonists enhanced this phagocytic process.In conclusion,medical ozone may alleviate the sepsis-induced lung injury through the AMPK/SR-A1 pathway,thereby enhancing the phagocytosis of NETs by macrophages.展开更多
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia（AIHA）is uncommon but prospective fatal condition with an incidence rate of 1-3 per 100,000 persons.;（1,2）]AIHA is characterized by autoantibodies with specificity against red blood cell...Autoimmune hemolytic anemia（AIHA）is uncommon but prospective fatal condition with an incidence rate of 1-3 per 100,000 persons.;（1,2）]AIHA is characterized by autoantibodies with specificity against red blood cell（RBC）antigens leading to an increased removal of red cells from blood circulation.;（1,3）]AIHA responds well to steroids,but most patients remain steroid-dependent,and many cases require secondline treatment.Currently,splenectomy can be regarded as the most effective and best-evaluated second-line therapy,but there are still only limited data on longterm efficacy and adverse effects.The monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab,another second-line展开更多
基金Supported by a grant of the Oriental Medicine R&D Project, Ministry of Health Welfare, Republic of Korea, No. 03-PJ9-PG3-21600-0014 and No. 0405-OMOO-0815-0001 Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
文摘AIM： The genes were divided into seven categories according to biological function; apoptosis-related, immune response-related, signal transduction-related, cell cyclerelated, cell growth-related, stress response-related and transcription-related genes. METHODS： We compared the gene expression profiles of SNU-C4 cells between amygdalin-treated （5 mg/mL, 24 h） and non-treated groups using cDNA microarray analysis. We selected genes downregulated in cDNA microarray and investigated mRNA levels of the genes by RT- PC R. RESULTS： Microarray showed that amygdalin downregulated especially genes belonging to cell cycle category： exonuclease 1 （EXO1）, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family F, member 2 （ABCF2）, MRE11 meiotic recombination 11 homolog A （MRE11A）, topoisomerase （DNA） Ⅰ （TOP1）, and FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin-associated protein 1 （FRAP1）. RT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA levels of these genes were also decreased by amygdalin treatment in SNU-C4 human colon cancer cells. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that amygdalin have an anticancer effect via downregulation of cell cycle-related genes in SNU-C4 human colon cancer cells, and might be used for therapeutic anticancer drug.
文摘AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant, α-tocopherol. METHODS： Rats were pretreated with three different dosages of LF （500, 250 and 125 mg/kg） orally, once a day for 14 d before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Nine hours after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, myeloperoxidase and glutathione （GSH） levels, and collagen contents （marker of flexibility） were observed on the esophageal and fundic histopathology. The results were compared with an α-tocopherol （once orally, 1 h before operation, 30 mg/kg） treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed.RESULTS： Pylorus and forestomach ligations caused marked increases of gross esophageal and gastric mucosa lesion areas, which corresponded with histopathological changes. In addition, increases of esophageal lipid peroxidation, decreases of SOD, CAT, and GSH-free radical scavengers, increases of collagen were observed. However, these pylorus and forestomach ligation induced RE were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of LF extract, mediated by antioxidant effects. RE at 250 mg/kg showed similar effects α-tocopherol. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of RE and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of Patrinia scabiosaefolia （PS） on the cholecystokinin （CCK） octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in rats.METHODS： Wistar rats weighing 240-260 g were divided into three groups： （1） Normal saline-treated group; （2） treatment with PS at 100 mg/kg group, in which PS was administered orally, followed by subcutaneous administration of 75μg/kg CCK octapeptide three times after 1, 3 and 5 h, and this whole procedure was repeated for 5 d; （3） treatment with saline group, in which the protocols were the same as in treatment group with PS. We determined the pancreatic weight/ body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic HSP60, HSP72 and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Repeated CCK octapeptide treatment resulted in the typical laboratory findings of experimentally induced pancreatitis.RESULTS： PS reduced the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of serum amylase and lipase, and inhibited expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the CCK octapeptide-induced AP. Furthermore, PS pretreatment increased the pancreatic levels of HSP60 and HSP72.CONCLUSION： Pretreatment with PS has an antiiinflammatory effect on CCK octapeptide-induced AP.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science & Technology/Korea Science & Engineering Foundation through the Vestibuloco-chlear Research Center at Wonkwang University, No. R13-2002- 055-00000-0
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of selective Cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） inhibitor 4-[5-（4-Chloro-phenyl）-3- （trifluoromethyl）- 1H-pyrazol- 1-yl] benzenesulfonamide （SC-236）, on the cholecystokinin （CCK）-octapeptideinduced acute pancreatitis （AP） in rats. METHODS： Wistar rat weighing 240 g to 260 g were divided into three groups. （1） Normal DMSO treated group, （2） SC-236 at 4 mg/kg treated group; SC-236 systemically administered via the intravenous （i.v.） catheter, followed by 75 μg/kg CCK octapeptide subcutaneously three times, after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 d. （3） Dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） treated group： an identical protocol was used in this group as in the SC-236 cohort （see 2. above）. Repeated CCK octapeptide treatment resulted in a typical experimentally induced pancreatitis in the Wistar rats. RESULTS： SC-236 improved the severity of CCK- octapeptide-induced AP as measured by laboratory criteria [the pancreatic weight/body weight （p.w/ b.w） ratio, the level of serum amylase and lipase]. The SC-236 treated group showed minimal histologic evidence of pancreatitis and a significant reduction in myeloperoxidase activity. SC-236 also increased heat shock protein （HSP）-60 and HSP72 compared with the DMSO-treated group in the CCK-octapeptide-induced AP and also reduced the pancreatic levels of COX-2. Furthermore, SC-236 reduced proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and inhibited NF-KB activation compared with the DMSO-treated group in the CCK-octapeptide-induced AP. CONCLUSION： Our results suggested that COX-2 plays pivotal role in the development of AP and COX-2 inhibitors may play a beneficial role in preventing AP.
基金Project supported by the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine(Nos.K18041(SSY)and K18043(MSL))the Basic Science Research Program Through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea(Nos.NRF-2015R1D1A1A02062410(SSY)and NRF-2017R1A2B4005357(JYC))
文摘Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: We searched four representing databases, including Pub Med, EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Web of Science up to December 2016. Randomized animal studies were included if the effects of any herbal medicine were tested on cancer cachexia. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies(CAMARADE) checklist. Results: A total of fourteen herbal medicines and their compounds were identified, including Coptidis Rhizoma, berberine, Bing De Ling, curcumin, Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hochuekkito, Rikkunshito, hesperidin, atractylodin, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Sosiho-tang, Anemarrhena Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Cortex. All the herbal medicines, except curcumin, have been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of cancer cachexia through anti-inflammation, regulation of the neuroendocrine pathway, and modulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system or protein synthesis. Conclusions: This study showed that herbal medicines might be a useful approach for treating cancer cachexia. However, more detailed experimental studies on the molecular mechanisms and active compounds are needed.
文摘Objective：To assess the effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment option for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）.Methods：The literatures were searched using 15 databases,including MEDLINE, AMED,CINAHL,EMBASE,Psyclnfo,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,six Korean medical databases and two Chinese databases without language restritions.Prospective controlled clinical studies of any type of acupuncture therapy for ADHD autistic patients were included.Trials in which acupuncture was part of a complex intervention were also included.All articles were read by two independent reviewers,who extracted data from the articles according to predefined criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Results：Of 114 articles,only three randomized clinical trials（RCTs） met our inclusion criteria.One RCT found that electroacupuncture（EA） plus behavioural treatment was superior to sham EA plus behavioural treatment.Two RCTs reported a significant benefit of acupuncture or auricular acupuncture over conventional drug therapies.Conclusions：Limited evidence exists for the effectiveness of acupuncture as a symptomatic treatment of ADHD.Given that the risk of bias of the included studies was high,firm conclusions cannot be drawn.
文摘Oxaliplatin, an anticancer drug commonly used to treat colorectal cancer and other tumors, has a number of serious side effects, most notably neuropathy and ototoxicity. To gain insights into its ototoxic profile, oxaliplatin was applied to rat cochlear organ cultures. Consistent with it neurotoxic propensity, oxaliplatin selectively damaged nerve fibers at a very low dose 1 μM. In contrast, the dose required to damage hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons was 50 fold higher (50 μM). Oxailiplatin-induced cochlear lesions initial-ly increased with dose, but unexpectedly decreased at very high doses. This non-linear dose response could be related to depressed oxaliplatin uptake via active transport mechanisms. Previous studies have demon-strated that axonal degeneration involves biologically active processes which can be greatly attenuated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). To determine if NAD+would protect spiral ganglion axons and the hair cells from oxaliplatin damage, cochlear cultures were treated with oxaliplatin alone at doses of 10 μM or 50 μM respectively as controls or combined with 20 mM NAD+. Treatment with 10 μM oxaliplatin for 48 hours resulted in minor damage to auditory nerve fibers, but spared cochlear hair cells. However, when cochlear cultures were treated with 10 μM oxaliplatin plus 20 mM NAD+, most auditory nerve fibers were intact. 50 μM oxaliplatin destroyed most of spiral ganglion neurons and cochlear hair cells with apop-totic characteristics of cell fragmentations. However, 50 μM oxaliplatin plus 20 mM NAD+treatment great-ly reduced neuronal degenerations and hair cell missing. The results suggested that NAD+provides signifi-cant protection against oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity and ototoxicity, which may be due to its actions of antioxidant, antiapoptosis, and energy supply.
基金Supported by a Grant from the Kyung Hee University in 2010 (No.KHU-20100699)
文摘Objective： To assess the clinical evidence for and against acupuncture as a treatment for Bell＇s palsy. Methods： We conducted a literature search of 15 databases from their inception to December 2010 without language restrictions. We included all randomized clinical trials （RCTs） regardless of their controls. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Results： Of the 3 474 articles, only eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Four RCTs tested the effects of acupuncture against drug therapy on disease response rate. The meta-analysis of these data showed significant improvements in the acupuncture group [n=463, risk ratio （RR）=1.07, 95% CI： 1.02 to 1.13; P=0.006, I^2=0%]. Six RCTs tested the effects of acupuncture plus drug therapy versus drug therapy alone. The meta-analysis of this set of RCTs also showed the favorable effects of acupuncture on disease response rate （n=512, RR=1.11, 95% CI： 1.05 to 1.17; P=0.001, I^2=13%）. Conclusions： The evidence supporting the effectiveness of acupuncture for treating Bell＇s palsy is limited. The number and quality of trials are too low to form firm conclusions. Further rigorous RCTs are warranted but need to overcome the many limitations of the current evidence.
文摘OBJECTIVE:Moxibustion has long been thought to promote vital energy or immunity through clinical experience.This study aimed to investigate the clinical effects of indirect moxibustion on antioxidant and immunomodulation in a normal population.METHODS:Twenty-five healthy volunteers with no objective or subjective disorders were recruited.The participants were treated with indirect moxibustion on acupoints Guanyuan(CV 4) and Shenque(CV 8) three times per week for 4 weeks.The serum levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and malondialdehyde(MDA),the total antioxidant capacity(TAC),the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase(SOD),and the total glutathione content were determined before and after the 12th moxibustion.Lymphocyte subpopulations and 42 cytokines in the peripheral blood were analyzed using flow cytometry and antibody array,respectively.RESULTS:Compared with the initial time point,the serum levels of ROS and MDA were significantly lowered by moxibustion,while TAC was increased(P<0.01 for all).A significant increase was observed in catalase activity(P<0.05),but not in SOD or total glutathione.There were no significant changes in lymphocyte subpopulations or cytokines in the peripheral blood.Fifteen of 25 participants reported at least one symptom in which they felt subjective improvement after moxibustion.CONCLUSION:Indirect moxibustion on acupoints CV 4 and CV 8 improved the antioxidant defense system,which may be a mechanism explaining the clinical effects of moxibustion.
基金the Development of Sustainable Application for Standard Herbal Resource by the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (No. KSN2012320)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To assess Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract(ARE) neuroprotective function in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-treated mice and related genes. METHODS: Examined m RNA-DNA methylation changes induced by ARE in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease(PD) model's substantia nigra. RESULTS: ARE mitigated MPTP-induced motor impairment in rotarod and open field tests and preserved tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuronal cells in substantia nigra and striatum. Genome RNA-Sequencing and Methyl-Sequencing in substantia nigra of vehicle/ARE-treated MPTP-induced PD mice showed 84 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) and 1804 differentially methylated regions(DMRs). Upregulated genes involved zinc ion homeostasis, cilium protein localization, and transcription;downregulated genes linked to ephrin receptor signaling, somitogenesis, and gene expression regulation. Hyper/hypomethylated DMRs post-ARE treatment associated with Wnt signaling, mitochondrial organization, dopamine biosynthesis, and hindbrain development. No significant correlation between DEGs and methylated genes related to PD pathogenesis. CONCLUSION: This research has identified the epigenetic targets of ARE's therapeutic action and gives insight on how ARE protects neurons in Parkinson's disease.
基金supported by a Municipal Research and Developmental Program of Science and Technology of Yantai, Shandong Province, China (Grant No. 2009211)an Open Foundation of the State Oce-anic Administration of China (Grant No. 200905020-12)
文摘Seagrass restoration as part of ocean ecosystem protection has been launched for many years all over the world, but intensive research on this subject in China has just begun in recent years. Seed broadcasting has been widely accepted as the most potentially useful method for seagrass restoration over large areas. We examined the influence of key environmental factors on seed germination to help promote eelgrass bed restoration. Under anoxic conditions, the influence of temperature and salinity on the germination rate of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) seeds was examined at different combinations of four temperatures (4, 9, 14, and 24℃) and nine salinities (5 to 45, increment of 5). The effect of significant interaction of temperature and salinity on germination rate was observed (ANOVA) (P<0.001). The highest germination rate (83.3 ± 3.5)% was reached in 8 weeks at 14℃ and salinity 5. Higher temperature significantly increased the germination rate at salinity 5 (P<0.001) during the whole observation period except for 24℃, while lower salinity significantly increased the germination rate at 14℃ (P<0.001). Although significant interaction was found between temperature and salinity (P<0.001), the influence of salinity was stronger than that of temperature for the germination of eelgrass seeds. These results provide useful information for the propagation of artificial seedlings for seagrass restoration in China.
基金Supported by Daegu Haany University Ky-lin Foudation in 2015(No.2015-901-09)。
文摘Objective:To study the effect of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(六味地黄汤)or Yukmijihwangtang(YJT)on endurance exercise by in vivo experiment.Methods:ICR mice were randomly divided into the control group(distilled water)and the YJT groups(1,10,100 mg/kg),5 animals per group.YJT and distilled water were orally administered.The anti-fatigue effect of YJT was evaluated by open fifiled test(OFT),forced swimming test(FST),and tail suspension test(TST).Results:In the OFT,YJT signifificantly increased the total movement distance in a dose-dependent manner.Additionally,treatment with YJT signifificantly decreased immobility time in the FST and the TST.Various neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine(NE),serotonin(5-HT),dopamine(DA)levels were increased by FST.Administration of YJT down-regulated the expression levels of NE,5-HT,5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid(5-HIAA),and DA in the brain stem and hypothalamus of mice.Moreover,protein expression of HSP70 in mice liver and heart muscles was signifificantly increased in the YJT groups.Conclusions:YJT could ameliorate fatigue and enhance exercise tolerance through suppressing of brain monoamines including NE,5-HT,5-HIAA,and DA in FST mice model.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Educatio(2013060380)+2 种基金the Korea governmen(MSIP)(2008-0062484)Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science&Technology Development(Project No.PJ00962201)Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea
文摘Objective:To investigate the mechanism of antibacterial activity of luteoiin(LUT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The mechanism of anti-MRSA activity of LUT was analyzed by the viability assay in membrane permeabilizing agent ATPase inhibitors,and peptidoglycan(PGN) derived from Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).Also,transmission electron microscopy was used to monitor survival characteristics and changes in S.aureus morphology.Results:Compared to the LUT alone,the optical density of suspensions treated with the combination of 125 μg/mL Tris and 230 μg/mL DCCD were reduced to 60%and 46%,respectively.PGN(15.6 μg/mL) gradually impeded the activity of LUT,and PGN(62.5 μg/mL) completely blocked the activity of LUT on S.aureus.Conclusions:Increased susceptibility to LUT with me Tris and DCCD combinations is evident in all tested MRSA isolates.The results indicate LUT synergy in increasing cytoplasmic membrane permeability and inhibiting ATPase.S.aureus PGN directly blocks the antibacterial activity of LUT,suggesting the direct binding of LUT with PGN.These findings may be validated for the development of antibacterial agent for low MRSA resistance.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korea government(No.2014R1A2A2A01007375,No.2012R1A5A2A42671316)
文摘Objective： To investigate the cytoprotective effects of Saeng-kankunbi-tang（生肝健脾汤, SKT）, a herbal prescription consisting of Artemisia capillaris and Alisma canaliculatum, and its underlying mechanism involved. Methods： In mice, blood biochemistry and histopathology were assessed in carbon tetrachloride（CCl4）-induced oxidative hepatic injury in vivo. The animal groups included vehicle-treated control, CCl4, SKT 500 mg/（kg·day） CCl4＋SKT 200 or 500 mg/（kg·day）. In Hep G2 cell, tert-butyl hydroperoxide（t BHP） induced severe oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. The cyto-protective effects of SKT were determined by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay, fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis and western blotting. Results： The administration of SKT prevented liver damage induced by CCl4 in mice, by inhibition of hepatocyte degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration as well as plasma parameters such as alanine aminotransferase（P〈0.01）. Moreover, treatment with t BHP induced hepatocyte death and cellular reactive oxygen species production in hepatocyte cell line. However, SKT pretreatment（30–300 μg/m L） reduced this cell death and oxidative stress（P〈0.01）. More importantly, SKT inhibited the ability of t BHP to induce changes in mitochondrial membrane transition in cell stained with rhodamine 123（P〈0.01）. Furthermore, treatment with SKT induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases-mediated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2（Nrf2） activation as well as the expressions of heme oxygenase 1 and glutamate-cystein ligase catalytic, Nrf2 target genes. Conclusion： SKT has the ability to protect hepatocyte against oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage mediated by Nrf2 activation.
基金supported by a grant from Woosuk University(2013)
文摘The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of ethylacetate fraction of Ribes fasciculatum （ERF） on the lifespan and stress tolerance using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The longevity activity of ERF was determined by lifespan assay under normal culture condition. The survival rate of nematodes under various stress conditions was assessed to validate the effects of ERF on the stress tolerance. To determine the antioxidant potential of ERF, the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activities and intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels were investigated. The ERF-mediated change in SOD-3 expression was examined using GFP-expressing transgenic strain. The effects of ERF on the aging-related factors were investigated by reproduction assay and pharyngeal pumping assay. The intestinal lipofuscin levels of aged nematodes were also measured. The mechanistic studies were performed using selected mutant strains. Our results indicated that ERF showed potent lifespan extension effects on the wild-type nematode under both normal and various stress conditions. The ERF treatment also enhanced the activity and expression of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and attenuated the intracellular ROS levels. Moreover, ERF-fed nematodes showed decreased lipofuscin accumulation, indicating ERF might affect age-associated changes in C. elegans. The results of mechanistic studies indicated that there was no significant lifespan extension in ERF-treated daf-2, age-l, sir-2.1, and daf-16 null mutants, suggesting that they were involved in ERF-mediated lifespan regulation. In conclusion, R. fasciculatum confers increased longevity and stress resistance in C. elegans via SIR-2.1-mediated DAF-16 activation, dependent on the insulin/1GF signaling pathway.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 90715029 and 60603053)the Cultivation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project, Ministry of Edacation of Chinathe Key Project of Science & Technology of Hunan Province(Grant No. 2006GK2006)
文摘Task scheduling is an essential aspect of parallel process system. This NP-hard problem assumes fully connected homogeneous processors and ignores contention on the communication links. However, as arbitrary processor network （APN）, communication contention has a strong influence on the execution time of a parallel application. This paper investigates the incorporation of contention awareness into task scheduling. The innovation is the idea of dynamically scheduling edges to links, for which we use the earliest finish communication time search algorithm based on shortest-path search method. The other novel idea proposed in this paper is scheduling priority based on recursive rank computation on heterogeneous arbitrary processor network. In the end, to reduce time complexity of algorithm, a parallel algorithm is proposed and speedup O（PPE） is achieved. The comparison study, based on both randomly generated graphs and the graphs of some real applications, shows that our scheduling algorithm significantly surpasses classic and static communication contention awareness algorithm, especially for high data transmission rate parallel application.
基金The Ministry of Science & Technology (MoST)/Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the Vestibulocochlear Research Center (VCRC) at Wonkwang University (R13-2002-055-00000-0)
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of Garden/a fasm/noides （GJ） on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in mice. METHODS： C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups. （1） Normal salinetreated group, （2） treatment with GJ at a dose of 0.1 g/kg, （3） treatment with GJ at a dose of 1 g/kg. GJ was administered orally （n = 6 per group） for 1 wk. Three hours later, the mice were given anintraperitoneal injection of cerulein （50 μg/kg）, a stable cholecystokinin （CCK） analogue, every hour for a total of 6h as described previously. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after completion of cerulein injections. Blood samples were obtained to determine serum amylase, lipase and cytokine levels. The pancreas was rapidly removed for morphologic examination and scoring. A portion of pancreas was stored at -70℃ and prepared for the measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity, an indicator of neutrophil sequestration, and for reverse-transcriptase PCR （RT-PCR） and real-time PCR measurements. RESULTS： Treatment with G.1 decreased significantly the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Treatment with G.1 attenuated the severity of AP compared with saline-treated mice, as shown by reduction in pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, serum amylase and lipase levels, serum cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that GJ attenuated the severity of AP as well as pancreatitisassociated lung injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82271252,82204542,and 81971047)the Lianyungang Science and Technology Program Project(Grant Nos.SF2122 and SF2214)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission(Grant No.Z2021066)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.21KJB310019)the Open Project of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology,Xuzhou Medical University(Grant No.XZSYSKF2021014).
文摘Acute lung injury(ALI)linked to sepsis has a high mortality rate,with limited treatment options available.In recent studies,medical ozone has shown the potential to alleviate inflammation and infection.Here,we aimed to evaluate therapeutic potential of medical ozone in a mouse model of the sepsis-induced ALI by measuring behavioral assessments,lung function,and blood flow.Protein levels were quantified by Western blotting.In vitro,we performed experiments on bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs)to investigate the effect of adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)inhibitors and agonists on their phagocytic activity.The results showed that medical ozone significantly improved the survival rate,ameliorated lung injury,and enhanced lung function and limb microcirculation in mice with ALI.Notably,medical ozone inhibited the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),a crucial factor in the ALI development.Additionally,medical ozone counteracted the elevated levels of tissue factor,matrix metalloproteinase-9,and interleukin-1β.In the ALI mice,the effects of ozone were abolished,and BMDMs showed an impaired capacity to engulf NETs following the Sr-a1 knockout.Under normal physiological conditions,the administration of an AMPK antagonist showed similar effects on the Sr-a1 knockout,significantly inhibiting the phagocytosis of NETs by BMDMs.In contrast,AMPK agonists enhanced this phagocytic process.In conclusion,medical ozone may alleviate the sepsis-induced lung injury through the AMPK/SR-A1 pathway,thereby enhancing the phagocytosis of NETs by macrophages.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning(No.2006-2005173)
文摘Autoimmune hemolytic anemia（AIHA）is uncommon but prospective fatal condition with an incidence rate of 1-3 per 100,000 persons.;（1,2）]AIHA is characterized by autoantibodies with specificity against red blood cell（RBC）antigens leading to an increased removal of red cells from blood circulation.;（1,3）]AIHA responds well to steroids,but most patients remain steroid-dependent,and many cases require secondline treatment.Currently,splenectomy can be regarded as the most effective and best-evaluated second-line therapy,but there are still only limited data on longterm efficacy and adverse effects.The monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab,another second-line
