The polyphenoloxidase（PPO） is the key enzyme considered to be responsible for mushroom browning.By using homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）,two new PPO genes and the corresponding cDNA wer...The polyphenoloxidase（PPO） is the key enzyme considered to be responsible for mushroom browning.By using homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）,two new PPO genes and the corresponding cDNA were identified from the fruit bodies of Agaricus bisporus（AbPPO3 and AbPPO4,GenBank accession nos.GU936494 and GU936493,respectively）.The genomic DNA sequences of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 are 2 080 and 2 189 bp in length,respectively,encoding putative polypeptides of approximately 66 and 68 kDa.The deduced amino acid sequences show characteristic features of two copper-binding domains conserved in the type III copper proteins including fungal polyphenol oxidases.Sequence comparisons indicate that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 present 55.3% similarity to each other（48% identity）.We also obtained more than 1.5-kb long sequences upstream of the start codon of the AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 and recognized them as their respective putative promoters.Analyses of the two PPO promoter regions show that they contain abundant cis-acting elements which are probably responsible for anaerobic induction,light,wound,stress,and auxin response.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results indicate that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 were highly expressed in the mature fruit bodies and up-regulated after 2-d storage of mushroom.These results suggest that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 may play roles in A.bisporus browning and pigmentation during development and postharvest storage and the elements in promoters may act as regulatory elements for the inducible expression of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4.The successful cloning and expression analysis of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 warrant a further investigation on the structure and function of A.bisporus PPO which points to the possible targets for genetic manipulation.展开更多
Mixed-type structures combining the advantages of pile constructions(low material consumption and possibility to erect on weak soils)and gravity walls(high bearing capacity and stability,good reliability and durabilit...Mixed-type structures combining the advantages of pile constructions(low material consumption and possibility to erect on weak soils)and gravity walls(high bearing capacity and stability,good reliability and durability)are considered and improved.The sphere of application,main peculiarities,and practical technological aspects of these structures’implementation are analyzed.展开更多
The ever-increasing dependence on electrical power has posed more challenges to power system engineers to deliver secure, stable, and sustained energy to electricity consumers. Due to the increasing occurrence of shor...The ever-increasing dependence on electrical power has posed more challenges to power system engineers to deliver secure, stable, and sustained energy to electricity consumers. Due to the increasing occurrence of short-and long-term power interruptions in the power system, the need for a systematic approach to mitigate the negative impacts of such events is further manifested. Self-healing and its control strategies are generally accepted as a solution for this concern. Due to the importance of self-healing subject in power distribution systems, this paper conducts a comprehensive literature review on self-healing from existing published papers. The concept of self-healing is briefly described, and the published papers in this area are categorized based on key factors such as self-healing optimization goals, available control actions, and solution methods. Some proficient techniques adopted for self-healing improvements are also classified to have a better comparison and selection of methods for new investigators. Moreover, future research directions that need to be explored to improve self-healing operations in modern power distribution systems are investigated and described at the end of this paper.展开更多
New results of two computer experiments on modeling of superthermal neutron-nuclear combustion of natural uranium for two different flux densities of external neutron source and duration of half a year each are presen...New results of two computer experiments on modeling of superthermal neutron-nuclear combustion of natural uranium for two different flux densities of external neutron source and duration of half a year each are presented. The simulation results demonstrate the dependence of the autowave combustion modes on the parameters of the external source.展开更多
This research aims to develop reliable models using machine learning algorithms to precisely predict Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in wells of the Permian basin, Winkler County, Texas. The data for this contribution wa...This research aims to develop reliable models using machine learning algorithms to precisely predict Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in wells of the Permian basin, Winkler County, Texas. The data for this contribution was obtained from the Texas Water Development Board website (TWDB). Five hundred and ninety-three samples were obtained from two hundred and ninety-eight wells in the study area. The wells were drilled at different county locations into five aquifers, including Pecos Valley, Dockum, Capitan Reef, Edward Trinity, and Rustler aquifers. A total of fourteen different water quality parameters were used, and they include Potential hydrogen (pH), Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Fluoride, TDS, Specific Conductance, Nitrate, Total Hardness, Calcium, Temperature, Well Depth, Sulphate, and Bicarbonates. Four machine learning regression algorithms were developed to get a good model to help predict TDS in this area: Decision Tree regression, Linear regression, Support Vector Regression, and K-nearest neighbor. The study showed that the Decision Tree produced the best model with attributes like the coefficient of determination R2 = 1.00 and 0.96 for the training and testing, respectively. It also produced the lowest score of mean absolute error MAE = 0.00 and 0.04 for training and testing, respectively. This study will reduce the cost of obtaining different water quality parameters in TDS determination by leveraging machine learning to use only the parameters contributing to TDS, thereby helping researchers obtain only the parameters necessary for TDS prediction. It will also help the authorities enact policies that will improve the water quality in areas where drinking water availability is a challenge by providing important information for monitoring and assessing groundwater quality.展开更多
The Permian Basin is one of the most prolific,and currently one of the most active,oil and gas basins in the USA.The Lower Permian strata in the Permian Basin have produced more than 14 billion barrels of oil(BBO),mak...The Permian Basin is one of the most prolific,and currently one of the most active,oil and gas basins in the USA.The Lower Permian strata in the Permian Basin have produced more than 14 billion barrels of oil(BBO),making it the largest volume of hydrocarbon in the basin.Sedimentation in the Midland Basin during late Leonardian through early Guadalupian(ca.272-269 Ma)resulted in progradation of shelf edge and ultimately closure of the basin by Middle Permian time.We analyzed a merged seismic survey covering parts of the Permian Basin(i.e.,Central Basin Platform and Midland Basin)in Andrews,Ector,and Midland Counties,Texas.The seismic survey and well logs show the presence of gently dipping(ca.1°)clinoforms in the Upper San Andres and Grayburg Formations on the eastern edge of the Central Basin Platform and western Midland Basin.The seismic attributes,curvature,and spectral decomposition identify low sinuosity slope channels oriented north-south,but such channels do not appear beyond the slope.The shelf edge shifts from north to south during deposition of the Upper San Andres and Grayburg Formations.We identify five basinward shifts noted by the migration of the shelf edge toward the basin center and the presence of channel features along the depositional slope.The petrophysical analysis indicates that channels cut into carbonate rocks and are filled by siliciclastic sediments;this interpretation is supported by the most negative curvature anomalies along the channel axes caused by the differential compaction between the carbonate and siliciclastic rocks.There are a few channels with a northwest-southeast strike,which matches the direction of the Concho Lineament observed by satellite data.Such observations are consistent with previous interpretations of the northern Midland Basin closure during Middle-Late Permian time.展开更多
The Pennsylvanian unconformity,which is a detrital surface,separates the beds of the Permian-aged strata from the Lower Paleozoic in the Central Basin Platform.Seismic data interpretation indicates that the unconformi...The Pennsylvanian unconformity,which is a detrital surface,separates the beds of the Permian-aged strata from the Lower Paleozoic in the Central Basin Platform.Seismic data interpretation indicates that the unconformity is an angular unconformity,overlying multiple normal faults,and accompanied with a thrust fault which maximizes the region's structural complexity.Additionally,the Pennsylvanian angular unconformity creates pinch-outs between the beds above and below.We computed the spectral decomposition and reflector convergence attributes and analyzed them to characterize the angular unconformity and faults.The spectral decomposition attribute divides the broadband seismic data into different spectral bands to resolve thin beds and show thickness variations.In contrast,the reflector convergence attribute highlights the location and direction of the pinch-outs as they dip south at angles between 2° and 6°.After reviewing findings from RGB blending of the spectrally decomposed frequencies along the Pennsylvanian unconformity,we observed channel-like features and multiple linear bands in addition to the faults and pinch-outs.It can be inferred that the identified linear bands could be the result of different lithologies associated with the tilting of the beds,and the faults may possibly influence hydrocarbon migration or act as a flow barrier to entrap hydrocarbon accumulation.The identification of this angular unconformity and the associated features in the study area are vital for the following reasons:1)the unconformity surface represents a natural stratigraphic boundary;2)the stratigraphic pinch-outs act as fluid flow connectivity boundaries;3)the areal extent of compartmentalized reservoirs'boundaries created by the angular unconformity are better defined;and 4)fault displacements are better understood when planning well locations as faults can be flow barriers,or permeability conduits,depending on facies heterogeneity and/or seal effectiveness of a fault,which can affect hydrocarbon production.The methodol展开更多
Efficient water quality monitoring and ensuring the safety of drinking water by government agencies in areas where the resource is constantly depleted due to anthropogenic or natural factors cannot be overemphasized. ...Efficient water quality monitoring and ensuring the safety of drinking water by government agencies in areas where the resource is constantly depleted due to anthropogenic or natural factors cannot be overemphasized. The above statement holds for West Texas, Midland, and Odessa Precisely. Two machine learning regression algorithms (Random Forest and XGBoost) were employed to develop models for the prediction of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) for efficient water quality monitoring of two vital aquifers: Edward-Trinity (plateau), and Ogallala aquifers. These two aquifers have contributed immensely to providing water for different uses ranging from domestic, agricultural, industrial, etc. The data was obtained from the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB). The XGBoost and Random Forest models used in this study gave an accurate prediction of observed data (TDS and SAR) for both the Edward-Trinity (plateau) and Ogallala aquifers with the R<sup>2</sup> values consistently greater than 0.83. The Random Forest model gave a better prediction of TDS and SAR concentration with an average R, MAE, RMSE and MSE of 0.977, 0.015, 0.029 and 0.00, respectively. For the XGBoost, an average R, MAE, RMSE, and MSE of 0.953, 0.016, 0.037 and 0.00, respectively, were achieved. The overall performance of the models produced was impressive. From this study, we can clearly understand that Random Forest and XGBoost are appropriate for water quality prediction and monitoring in an area of high hydrocarbon activities like Midland and Odessa and West Texas at large.展开更多
【Objective】To evaluate the roles of 80A→G polymorphism of RFC-1 gene encoding the reduced folate carrier protein and 677C→T polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene(MTHFR)in neural tube defect...【Objective】To evaluate the roles of 80A→G polymorphism of RFC-1 gene encoding the reduced folate carrier protein and 677C→T polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene(MTHFR)in neural tube defects(NTD)risk in Ukrainian population.【Methods】The folate status,homocysteine levels and genotypes were assessed in 42 mothers of fetuses with spina bifida,anencephaly and encephalocele with the age of 19-40 years.Serum folate and plasma homocysteine levels were estimated using chemiluminescence technology.DNA was isolated from peripheral leukocytes obtained from blood using standard procedures.The presence of the RFC-1 80A→G polymorphism was investigated using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Real time PCR was used to detect the presence of the 677C→T mutation in the MTHFR gene.【Results】Genotype frequencies for RFC-1 80A→G in NTD group were:homozygous wild type in 9(21.4%),heterozygous type in16(38.1%)women;17(40.5%)women surveyed were found homozygous for the mutant allele genotype of RFC-1(GG).Homozygous for the indicated mutation was found in 57.1%of women with fetal anencephaly in the past history and 29.6%of women with spina bifida fetuses.Allelic frequency in this group of women for allele A was 40.5%(34),for allele G was 59.5%(50).Among women with 80A/A genotype of RFC-1 gene reduced levels of serum folic acid were noticed only in 6(35.5%),but hyperhomocysteinemia was found in 10(58.8%)women.【Conclusion】80G→A polymorphism of RFC-1 gene is a potential genetic factor in the formation of fetus NTD in women of South Ukraine.展开更多
Chick viability is known to be an important factor determining profitability of the poultry industry. Chick embryo tissues contain a high proportion of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipid fraction and ther...Chick viability is known to be an important factor determining profitability of the poultry industry. Chick embryo tissues contain a high proportion of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipid fraction and therefore need antioxidant defence. The antioxidant system of the developing embryo and newly hatched chick includes the antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase), water-soluble antioxidants(ascorbic acid, taurine, carnitine, glutathione, etc.), fat-soluble antioxidants(vitamin E, carotenoids, coenzyme Q) as well as selenium(Se). In fact, the high levels of endogenous antioxidants within the egg and embryonic tissues can clearly serve as a major adaptive mechanism for the protection of the tissue during the oxidative stress experienced at hatching. It has been shown that among different nutrients in the maternal diet which could significantly affect chick embryo development and their viability in the early posthatch life, natural antioxidants have been suggested to play a central role. Our data indicate that increased supplementation of the maternal diet can substantially increase concentrations of vitamin E, carotenoids(especially canthaxanthin) and Se in developing chick tissues and significantly decrease susceptibility to lipid peroxidation being effective nutritional tools to deal with various commercial stresses in poultry production.展开更多
In this paper we present a five-generation kindred with familial eosinophilia, associated with valvular heart disease in one of seven members of the second generation, four of sixteen members of the third generation, ...In this paper we present a five-generation kindred with familial eosinophilia, associated with valvular heart disease in one of seven members of the second generation, four of sixteen members of the third generation, four of thirty-one members of the fourth generation, and two of twenty members of the fifth generation;the clinical features of the two members of the first generation are unavailable. Of a total of 48 members, 26 had eosinophilia, with counts ranging from 1761 to 6045 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, with apparent autosomal dominant propagation;this confirms the experience of the authors of previous studies on this condition. Genetic analysis on eight members, which we reported in an earlier paper [1], revealed a pericentric inversion of chromosome 10 in two members. The entity of Familial Eosinophilia has been generally considered benign. However, the clinical presentation of this kindred was unusual in that valvular and endocardial damage, was frequent findings, without apparent involvement of the other organs and tissues. Mitral valve damage leading to both stenosis and regurgitation and requiring mitral valve replacement was noted in the index patient. This unique presentation may suggest that in patients with mitral valve disease, if blood eosinophilia is noted, it could point to a non-rheumatic etiology, thus a possible opportunity for treatment to prevent further damage to the heart. This recommendation may be even more timely, as many effective treatments are now available to treat even high-grade hypereosinophilia.展开更多
RNA sequencing is the use of hight hroughput next generation sequencing technology to survey, characterize, and quantify the transcriptome of a genome. RNA sequencing has been used to analyze the pathogenesis of sever...RNA sequencing is the use of hight hroughput next generation sequencing technology to survey, characterize, and quantify the transcriptome of a genome. RNA sequencing has been used to analyze the pathogenesis of several malignancies such melanoma, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. RNA sequencing can identify differential expression of genes(DEG's), mutated genes, fusion genes, and gene isoforms in disease states. RNA sequencing has been used in the investigation of several colorectal diseases such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease(ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), and irritable bowel syndrome.展开更多
BACKGROUND Various histological types of gastric carcinomas(GCs)differ in terms of their pathogenesis and their preexisting background,both of which could impact the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME).However,the cur...BACKGROUND Various histological types of gastric carcinomas(GCs)differ in terms of their pathogenesis and their preexisting background,both of which could impact the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME).However,the current understanding of the immune contexture of GC is far from complete.AIM To clarify the tumor-host immune interplay through histopathological features and the tumor immune cycle concept.METHODS In total,50 GC cases were examined(15 cases of diffuse GC,31 patients with intestinal-type GC and 4 cases of mucinous GC).The immunophenotype of GC was assessed and classified as immune desert(ID),immune excluded(IE)or inflamed(Inf)according to CD8+cell count and spatial pattern.In addition,CD68+and CD163+macrophages and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression were estimated.RESULTS We found that GCs with different histological differentiation demonstrated distinct immune contexture.Most intestinal-type GCs had inflamed TIMEs rich in both CD8+cells and macrophages.In contrast,more aggressive diffuse-type GC more often possessed ID characteristics with few CD8+lymphocytes but abundant CD68+macrophages,while mucinous GC had an IE-TIME with a prevalence of CD68+macrophages and CD8+lymphocytes in the peritumor stroma.PD-L1 expression prevailed mostly in intestinal-type Inf-GC,with numerous CD163+cells observed.Therefore,GCs of different histological patterns have specific mechanisms of immune escape.While intestinal-type GC was more often related to PD-L1 expression,diffuse and mucinous GCs possessing more aggressive behavior demonstrated low immunogenicity and a lack of tumor antigen recognition or immune cell recruitment into the tumor clusters.CONCLUSION These data help to clarify the links between tumor histogenesis and immunogenicity for a better understanding of GC biology and more tailored patient management.展开更多
Manufacturing is the primary industry promoting economic and social development.For the past 30 years,the global trends of preciseness and device miniaturisation have promoted manufacturing to the micro(μ)and nano(η...Manufacturing is the primary industry promoting economic and social development.For the past 30 years,the global trends of preciseness and device miniaturisation have promoted manufacturing to the micro(μ)and nano(η)scale.Identification of themost promising micro-nano manufacturing technologies(MNMT)is of interest to industry,academia and private and national science investing foundations.Considering the exponential broadening of the research area and an enormous volume of literature,providing an overview of the state of the art is far beyond the scope of a technical review paper.This study performs bibliometric analysis of a stream of academic literature devoted toμ-andη-machining.Themain goals of the analysis are to assess the current core and trends in the field ofMNMT.Literature and citation statistics from 1988 were collected from theWeb of Science,Google Scholar,Scopus,Engineering Village,ScienceDirect and SpringerLink databases and were then analysed and illustrated with Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software.The top keywords,articles,journals,authors,universities and countrieswere identified according to different parameters.The index of normalised influence was offered to evaluate the top element in each category.We observed that the most powerful keywords were present in well-known articles published in prominent journals by authoritative scientists at leading universities in the countries that are most actively engaged in MNMT.The implications of the research outcomes for investors and academicians are summarised in the conclusion.展开更多
Some new innovative constructions and technologies for improvement of port structures are worked out and discussed. The aims of innovations are to increase structures＇ reliability, to decrease cost of construction an...Some new innovative constructions and technologies for improvement of port structures are worked out and discussed. The aims of innovations are to increase structures＇ reliability, to decrease cost of construction and maintenance, to simplify technology and cost of building. For these purposes either some main bearing elements or structures in whole are modified or improved. In particular different improved waterfront constructions as well as retaining walls and coastal protection （gravity, piled, sheet piling, etc.） for use in various soil conditions are outlined. One of them incorporates trapezoidal blocks forming columns, each block in the column contacts the others either with smaller or larger bases. Another design incorporates blocks that are constructed with holes ran through the centres of gravity of the blocks. Rigid cylinder element running through the holes of several adjacent blocks allows them to be joined forming large size units, The structure consisting of wedge form retaining wall is original but simple to construct, Some new designs based on perfection of sheet-piling walls （sheet piles with curvilinear cross-section having a form of semi-rings） are proposed for different applications. Proposals on modernization of some traditional structures and technologies are discussed.展开更多
The plane elastic problem for a semi-strip with a transverse crack is inves- tigated. The initial problem is reduced to a one-dimensional continuous problem by use of an integral transformation method with a generaliz...The plane elastic problem for a semi-strip with a transverse crack is inves- tigated. The initial problem is reduced to a one-dimensional continuous problem by use of an integral transformation method with a generalized scheme. The one-dimensional problem is first formulated as a vector boundary problem, and then reduced to a system of three singular integral equations （SIEs）. The system is solved by use of an orthogonal polynomial method and a special generalized method. The contribution of this work is the consideration of kernel fixed singularities in solving the system. The crack length and its location relative to the semi-strip＇s lateral sides are investigated to simplify the problem＇s statement. This simplification reduces the initial problem to a system of two SIEs.展开更多
A solvable model of lateral line of a fish based on a wave equation with additional boundary conditions on a set of isolated points is proposed.Within the framework of this model it is shown that the ratio of pressure...A solvable model of lateral line of a fish based on a wave equation with additional boundary conditions on a set of isolated points is proposed.Within the framework of this model it is shown that the ratio of pressures on lateral lines on different fish flanks,as well as the cross section of sound scattering on both the lines,strongly depends on angles of incidence of incoming sound waves.The strong angular dependence of the pressure ratio seems to be sufficient for the fish to determine the directions from which the sound is coming.展开更多
In the present paper, we show the some properties of the fuzzy R-solution of the control linear fuzzy differential inclu-sions and research the optimal time problems for it.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder affecting about 10% - 25% of the elderly population. The mechanisms, linking diabetes and major depressive disorders are unknown. Obesity is the risk fact...Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder affecting about 10% - 25% of the elderly population. The mechanisms, linking diabetes and major depressive disorders are unknown. Obesity is the risk factor for both diabetes mellitus and depression. The goal of this study was to explore if BMI of elderly diabetic patients with depression differed from BMI of the diabetic individuals without depression. Further, we aimed to explore the association of age, gender, health insurance status, ethnicity influence and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with clinical depression in geriatric diabetics. Methods: Nursing home residents were recruited from an outpatient internal medicine clinic in a teaching university setting. After given written consent, patients received Public Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in either English or Spanish language. Results: While the clinically depressed diabetic participants did not differ from that of the non-depressed diabetic participants with respect to age (70.6 ± 6.1 vs. 72.1 ± 4.8;p = 0.111), gender (47.2% of males vs. 57.1% of females;p = 0.754), or ethnicity (69% explain vs. 71%, p = 1.000), race did appear to differ in depression status: Caucasian, African-American, and others were respectively 37%, 48%, and 15% vs. 32%, 16%, 52%, p = 0.0003). Neither the BMI (p > 0.499) nor Hemoglobin A1c (p > 0.839) differed between the clinically depressed and non-depressed participants when controlled for these race differences. Conclusion: In our sample, diabetic African Americans are three times more likely to be depressed. Diabetic Caucasians also experience higher rates of clinical depression. However, diabetics with depression did not differ from diabetics without depression with regard to their age, gender, BMI, HbA1C, health insurance status, systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure.展开更多
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y306633 and Y3100579)Zhejiang Provincial Edible Fungi Industrial Innovation Team Project of China
文摘The polyphenoloxidase（PPO） is the key enzyme considered to be responsible for mushroom browning.By using homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）,two new PPO genes and the corresponding cDNA were identified from the fruit bodies of Agaricus bisporus（AbPPO3 and AbPPO4,GenBank accession nos.GU936494 and GU936493,respectively）.The genomic DNA sequences of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 are 2 080 and 2 189 bp in length,respectively,encoding putative polypeptides of approximately 66 and 68 kDa.The deduced amino acid sequences show characteristic features of two copper-binding domains conserved in the type III copper proteins including fungal polyphenol oxidases.Sequence comparisons indicate that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 present 55.3% similarity to each other（48% identity）.We also obtained more than 1.5-kb long sequences upstream of the start codon of the AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 and recognized them as their respective putative promoters.Analyses of the two PPO promoter regions show that they contain abundant cis-acting elements which are probably responsible for anaerobic induction,light,wound,stress,and auxin response.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results indicate that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 were highly expressed in the mature fruit bodies and up-regulated after 2-d storage of mushroom.These results suggest that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 may play roles in A.bisporus browning and pigmentation during development and postharvest storage and the elements in promoters may act as regulatory elements for the inducible expression of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4.The successful cloning and expression analysis of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 warrant a further investigation on the structure and function of A.bisporus PPO which points to the possible targets for genetic manipulation.
文摘Mixed-type structures combining the advantages of pile constructions(low material consumption and possibility to erect on weak soils)and gravity walls(high bearing capacity and stability,good reliability and durability)are considered and improved.The sphere of application,main peculiarities,and practical technological aspects of these structures’implementation are analyzed.
文摘The ever-increasing dependence on electrical power has posed more challenges to power system engineers to deliver secure, stable, and sustained energy to electricity consumers. Due to the increasing occurrence of short-and long-term power interruptions in the power system, the need for a systematic approach to mitigate the negative impacts of such events is further manifested. Self-healing and its control strategies are generally accepted as a solution for this concern. Due to the importance of self-healing subject in power distribution systems, this paper conducts a comprehensive literature review on self-healing from existing published papers. The concept of self-healing is briefly described, and the published papers in this area are categorized based on key factors such as self-healing optimization goals, available control actions, and solution methods. Some proficient techniques adopted for self-healing improvements are also classified to have a better comparison and selection of methods for new investigators. Moreover, future research directions that need to be explored to improve self-healing operations in modern power distribution systems are investigated and described at the end of this paper.
文摘New results of two computer experiments on modeling of superthermal neutron-nuclear combustion of natural uranium for two different flux densities of external neutron source and duration of half a year each are presented. The simulation results demonstrate the dependence of the autowave combustion modes on the parameters of the external source.
文摘This research aims to develop reliable models using machine learning algorithms to precisely predict Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in wells of the Permian basin, Winkler County, Texas. The data for this contribution was obtained from the Texas Water Development Board website (TWDB). Five hundred and ninety-three samples were obtained from two hundred and ninety-eight wells in the study area. The wells were drilled at different county locations into five aquifers, including Pecos Valley, Dockum, Capitan Reef, Edward Trinity, and Rustler aquifers. A total of fourteen different water quality parameters were used, and they include Potential hydrogen (pH), Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Fluoride, TDS, Specific Conductance, Nitrate, Total Hardness, Calcium, Temperature, Well Depth, Sulphate, and Bicarbonates. Four machine learning regression algorithms were developed to get a good model to help predict TDS in this area: Decision Tree regression, Linear regression, Support Vector Regression, and K-nearest neighbor. The study showed that the Decision Tree produced the best model with attributes like the coefficient of determination R2 = 1.00 and 0.96 for the training and testing, respectively. It also produced the lowest score of mean absolute error MAE = 0.00 and 0.04 for training and testing, respectively. This study will reduce the cost of obtaining different water quality parameters in TDS determination by leveraging machine learning to use only the parameters contributing to TDS, thereby helping researchers obtain only the parameters necessary for TDS prediction. It will also help the authorities enact policies that will improve the water quality in areas where drinking water availability is a challenge by providing important information for monitoring and assessing groundwater quality.
文摘The Permian Basin is one of the most prolific,and currently one of the most active,oil and gas basins in the USA.The Lower Permian strata in the Permian Basin have produced more than 14 billion barrels of oil(BBO),making it the largest volume of hydrocarbon in the basin.Sedimentation in the Midland Basin during late Leonardian through early Guadalupian(ca.272-269 Ma)resulted in progradation of shelf edge and ultimately closure of the basin by Middle Permian time.We analyzed a merged seismic survey covering parts of the Permian Basin(i.e.,Central Basin Platform and Midland Basin)in Andrews,Ector,and Midland Counties,Texas.The seismic survey and well logs show the presence of gently dipping(ca.1°)clinoforms in the Upper San Andres and Grayburg Formations on the eastern edge of the Central Basin Platform and western Midland Basin.The seismic attributes,curvature,and spectral decomposition identify low sinuosity slope channels oriented north-south,but such channels do not appear beyond the slope.The shelf edge shifts from north to south during deposition of the Upper San Andres and Grayburg Formations.We identify five basinward shifts noted by the migration of the shelf edge toward the basin center and the presence of channel features along the depositional slope.The petrophysical analysis indicates that channels cut into carbonate rocks and are filled by siliciclastic sediments;this interpretation is supported by the most negative curvature anomalies along the channel axes caused by the differential compaction between the carbonate and siliciclastic rocks.There are a few channels with a northwest-southeast strike,which matches the direction of the Concho Lineament observed by satellite data.Such observations are consistent with previous interpretations of the northern Midland Basin closure during Middle-Late Permian time.
文摘The Pennsylvanian unconformity,which is a detrital surface,separates the beds of the Permian-aged strata from the Lower Paleozoic in the Central Basin Platform.Seismic data interpretation indicates that the unconformity is an angular unconformity,overlying multiple normal faults,and accompanied with a thrust fault which maximizes the region's structural complexity.Additionally,the Pennsylvanian angular unconformity creates pinch-outs between the beds above and below.We computed the spectral decomposition and reflector convergence attributes and analyzed them to characterize the angular unconformity and faults.The spectral decomposition attribute divides the broadband seismic data into different spectral bands to resolve thin beds and show thickness variations.In contrast,the reflector convergence attribute highlights the location and direction of the pinch-outs as they dip south at angles between 2° and 6°.After reviewing findings from RGB blending of the spectrally decomposed frequencies along the Pennsylvanian unconformity,we observed channel-like features and multiple linear bands in addition to the faults and pinch-outs.It can be inferred that the identified linear bands could be the result of different lithologies associated with the tilting of the beds,and the faults may possibly influence hydrocarbon migration or act as a flow barrier to entrap hydrocarbon accumulation.The identification of this angular unconformity and the associated features in the study area are vital for the following reasons:1)the unconformity surface represents a natural stratigraphic boundary;2)the stratigraphic pinch-outs act as fluid flow connectivity boundaries;3)the areal extent of compartmentalized reservoirs'boundaries created by the angular unconformity are better defined;and 4)fault displacements are better understood when planning well locations as faults can be flow barriers,or permeability conduits,depending on facies heterogeneity and/or seal effectiveness of a fault,which can affect hydrocarbon production.The methodol
文摘Efficient water quality monitoring and ensuring the safety of drinking water by government agencies in areas where the resource is constantly depleted due to anthropogenic or natural factors cannot be overemphasized. The above statement holds for West Texas, Midland, and Odessa Precisely. Two machine learning regression algorithms (Random Forest and XGBoost) were employed to develop models for the prediction of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) for efficient water quality monitoring of two vital aquifers: Edward-Trinity (plateau), and Ogallala aquifers. These two aquifers have contributed immensely to providing water for different uses ranging from domestic, agricultural, industrial, etc. The data was obtained from the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB). The XGBoost and Random Forest models used in this study gave an accurate prediction of observed data (TDS and SAR) for both the Edward-Trinity (plateau) and Ogallala aquifers with the R<sup>2</sup> values consistently greater than 0.83. The Random Forest model gave a better prediction of TDS and SAR concentration with an average R, MAE, RMSE and MSE of 0.977, 0.015, 0.029 and 0.00, respectively. For the XGBoost, an average R, MAE, RMSE, and MSE of 0.953, 0.016, 0.037 and 0.00, respectively, were achieved. The overall performance of the models produced was impressive. From this study, we can clearly understand that Random Forest and XGBoost are appropriate for water quality prediction and monitoring in an area of high hydrocarbon activities like Midland and Odessa and West Texas at large.
文摘【Objective】To evaluate the roles of 80A→G polymorphism of RFC-1 gene encoding the reduced folate carrier protein and 677C→T polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene(MTHFR)in neural tube defects(NTD)risk in Ukrainian population.【Methods】The folate status,homocysteine levels and genotypes were assessed in 42 mothers of fetuses with spina bifida,anencephaly and encephalocele with the age of 19-40 years.Serum folate and plasma homocysteine levels were estimated using chemiluminescence technology.DNA was isolated from peripheral leukocytes obtained from blood using standard procedures.The presence of the RFC-1 80A→G polymorphism was investigated using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Real time PCR was used to detect the presence of the 677C→T mutation in the MTHFR gene.【Results】Genotype frequencies for RFC-1 80A→G in NTD group were:homozygous wild type in 9(21.4%),heterozygous type in16(38.1%)women;17(40.5%)women surveyed were found homozygous for the mutant allele genotype of RFC-1(GG).Homozygous for the indicated mutation was found in 57.1%of women with fetal anencephaly in the past history and 29.6%of women with spina bifida fetuses.Allelic frequency in this group of women for allele A was 40.5%(34),for allele G was 59.5%(50).Among women with 80A/A genotype of RFC-1 gene reduced levels of serum folic acid were noticed only in 6(35.5%),but hyperhomocysteinemia was found in 10(58.8%)women.【Conclusion】80G→A polymorphism of RFC-1 gene is a potential genetic factor in the formation of fetus NTD in women of South Ukraine.
文摘Chick viability is known to be an important factor determining profitability of the poultry industry. Chick embryo tissues contain a high proportion of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipid fraction and therefore need antioxidant defence. The antioxidant system of the developing embryo and newly hatched chick includes the antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase), water-soluble antioxidants(ascorbic acid, taurine, carnitine, glutathione, etc.), fat-soluble antioxidants(vitamin E, carotenoids, coenzyme Q) as well as selenium(Se). In fact, the high levels of endogenous antioxidants within the egg and embryonic tissues can clearly serve as a major adaptive mechanism for the protection of the tissue during the oxidative stress experienced at hatching. It has been shown that among different nutrients in the maternal diet which could significantly affect chick embryo development and their viability in the early posthatch life, natural antioxidants have been suggested to play a central role. Our data indicate that increased supplementation of the maternal diet can substantially increase concentrations of vitamin E, carotenoids(especially canthaxanthin) and Se in developing chick tissues and significantly decrease susceptibility to lipid peroxidation being effective nutritional tools to deal with various commercial stresses in poultry production.
文摘In this paper we present a five-generation kindred with familial eosinophilia, associated with valvular heart disease in one of seven members of the second generation, four of sixteen members of the third generation, four of thirty-one members of the fourth generation, and two of twenty members of the fifth generation;the clinical features of the two members of the first generation are unavailable. Of a total of 48 members, 26 had eosinophilia, with counts ranging from 1761 to 6045 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, with apparent autosomal dominant propagation;this confirms the experience of the authors of previous studies on this condition. Genetic analysis on eight members, which we reported in an earlier paper [1], revealed a pericentric inversion of chromosome 10 in two members. The entity of Familial Eosinophilia has been generally considered benign. However, the clinical presentation of this kindred was unusual in that valvular and endocardial damage, was frequent findings, without apparent involvement of the other organs and tissues. Mitral valve damage leading to both stenosis and regurgitation and requiring mitral valve replacement was noted in the index patient. This unique presentation may suggest that in patients with mitral valve disease, if blood eosinophilia is noted, it could point to a non-rheumatic etiology, thus a possible opportunity for treatment to prevent further damage to the heart. This recommendation may be even more timely, as many effective treatments are now available to treat even high-grade hypereosinophilia.
文摘RNA sequencing is the use of hight hroughput next generation sequencing technology to survey, characterize, and quantify the transcriptome of a genome. RNA sequencing has been used to analyze the pathogenesis of several malignancies such melanoma, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. RNA sequencing can identify differential expression of genes(DEG's), mutated genes, fusion genes, and gene isoforms in disease states. RNA sequencing has been used in the investigation of several colorectal diseases such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease(ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), and irritable bowel syndrome.
文摘BACKGROUND Various histological types of gastric carcinomas(GCs)differ in terms of their pathogenesis and their preexisting background,both of which could impact the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME).However,the current understanding of the immune contexture of GC is far from complete.AIM To clarify the tumor-host immune interplay through histopathological features and the tumor immune cycle concept.METHODS In total,50 GC cases were examined(15 cases of diffuse GC,31 patients with intestinal-type GC and 4 cases of mucinous GC).The immunophenotype of GC was assessed and classified as immune desert(ID),immune excluded(IE)or inflamed(Inf)according to CD8+cell count and spatial pattern.In addition,CD68+and CD163+macrophages and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression were estimated.RESULTS We found that GCs with different histological differentiation demonstrated distinct immune contexture.Most intestinal-type GCs had inflamed TIMEs rich in both CD8+cells and macrophages.In contrast,more aggressive diffuse-type GC more often possessed ID characteristics with few CD8+lymphocytes but abundant CD68+macrophages,while mucinous GC had an IE-TIME with a prevalence of CD68+macrophages and CD8+lymphocytes in the peritumor stroma.PD-L1 expression prevailed mostly in intestinal-type Inf-GC,with numerous CD163+cells observed.Therefore,GCs of different histological patterns have specific mechanisms of immune escape.While intestinal-type GC was more often related to PD-L1 expression,diffuse and mucinous GCs possessing more aggressive behavior demonstrated low immunogenicity and a lack of tumor antigen recognition or immune cell recruitment into the tumor clusters.CONCLUSION These data help to clarify the links between tumor histogenesis and immunogenicity for a better understanding of GC biology and more tailored patient management.
基金partially funded by the Science Foundation Ireland (No.15/RP/B3208)
文摘Manufacturing is the primary industry promoting economic and social development.For the past 30 years,the global trends of preciseness and device miniaturisation have promoted manufacturing to the micro(μ)and nano(η)scale.Identification of themost promising micro-nano manufacturing technologies(MNMT)is of interest to industry,academia and private and national science investing foundations.Considering the exponential broadening of the research area and an enormous volume of literature,providing an overview of the state of the art is far beyond the scope of a technical review paper.This study performs bibliometric analysis of a stream of academic literature devoted toμ-andη-machining.Themain goals of the analysis are to assess the current core and trends in the field ofMNMT.Literature and citation statistics from 1988 were collected from theWeb of Science,Google Scholar,Scopus,Engineering Village,ScienceDirect and SpringerLink databases and were then analysed and illustrated with Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software.The top keywords,articles,journals,authors,universities and countrieswere identified according to different parameters.The index of normalised influence was offered to evaluate the top element in each category.We observed that the most powerful keywords were present in well-known articles published in prominent journals by authoritative scientists at leading universities in the countries that are most actively engaged in MNMT.The implications of the research outcomes for investors and academicians are summarised in the conclusion.
文摘Some new innovative constructions and technologies for improvement of port structures are worked out and discussed. The aims of innovations are to increase structures＇ reliability, to decrease cost of construction and maintenance, to simplify technology and cost of building. For these purposes either some main bearing elements or structures in whole are modified or improved. In particular different improved waterfront constructions as well as retaining walls and coastal protection （gravity, piled, sheet piling, etc.） for use in various soil conditions are outlined. One of them incorporates trapezoidal blocks forming columns, each block in the column contacts the others either with smaller or larger bases. Another design incorporates blocks that are constructed with holes ran through the centres of gravity of the blocks. Rigid cylinder element running through the holes of several adjacent blocks allows them to be joined forming large size units, The structure consisting of wedge form retaining wall is original but simple to construct, Some new designs based on perfection of sheet-piling walls （sheet piles with curvilinear cross-section having a form of semi-rings） are proposed for different applications. Proposals on modernization of some traditional structures and technologies are discussed.
文摘The plane elastic problem for a semi-strip with a transverse crack is inves- tigated. The initial problem is reduced to a one-dimensional continuous problem by use of an integral transformation method with a generalized scheme. The one-dimensional problem is first formulated as a vector boundary problem, and then reduced to a system of three singular integral equations （SIEs）. The system is solved by use of an orthogonal polynomial method and a special generalized method. The contribution of this work is the consideration of kernel fixed singularities in solving the system. The crack length and its location relative to the semi-strip＇s lateral sides are investigated to simplify the problem＇s statement. This simplification reduces the initial problem to a system of two SIEs.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine(Grant No.0115U003208)。
文摘A solvable model of lateral line of a fish based on a wave equation with additional boundary conditions on a set of isolated points is proposed.Within the framework of this model it is shown that the ratio of pressures on lateral lines on different fish flanks,as well as the cross section of sound scattering on both the lines,strongly depends on angles of incidence of incoming sound waves.The strong angular dependence of the pressure ratio seems to be sufficient for the fish to determine the directions from which the sound is coming.
文摘In the present paper, we show the some properties of the fuzzy R-solution of the control linear fuzzy differential inclu-sions and research the optimal time problems for it.
文摘Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder affecting about 10% - 25% of the elderly population. The mechanisms, linking diabetes and major depressive disorders are unknown. Obesity is the risk factor for both diabetes mellitus and depression. The goal of this study was to explore if BMI of elderly diabetic patients with depression differed from BMI of the diabetic individuals without depression. Further, we aimed to explore the association of age, gender, health insurance status, ethnicity influence and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with clinical depression in geriatric diabetics. Methods: Nursing home residents were recruited from an outpatient internal medicine clinic in a teaching university setting. After given written consent, patients received Public Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in either English or Spanish language. Results: While the clinically depressed diabetic participants did not differ from that of the non-depressed diabetic participants with respect to age (70.6 ± 6.1 vs. 72.1 ± 4.8;p = 0.111), gender (47.2% of males vs. 57.1% of females;p = 0.754), or ethnicity (69% explain vs. 71%, p = 1.000), race did appear to differ in depression status: Caucasian, African-American, and others were respectively 37%, 48%, and 15% vs. 32%, 16%, 52%, p = 0.0003). Neither the BMI (p > 0.499) nor Hemoglobin A1c (p > 0.839) differed between the clinically depressed and non-depressed participants when controlled for these race differences. Conclusion: In our sample, diabetic African Americans are three times more likely to be depressed. Diabetic Caucasians also experience higher rates of clinical depression. However, diabetics with depression did not differ from diabetics without depression with regard to their age, gender, BMI, HbA1C, health insurance status, systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure.
