PPeritendinous adhesion formation(PAF)can substantially limit the range of motion of digits.However,the origin of myofibroblasts in PAF tissues is still unclear.In this study,we found that the concentration of active ...PPeritendinous adhesion formation(PAF)can substantially limit the range of motion of digits.However,the origin of myofibroblasts in PAF tissues is still unclear.In this study,we found that the concentration of active TGF-β1 and the numbers of macrophages,mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs),and myofibroblasts in human and mouse adhesion tissues were increased.Furthermore,knockout of TGF-β1 in macrophages or TGF-β1R2 in MSCs inhibited PAF by reducing MSC and myofibroblast infiltration and collagenⅠandⅢdeposition,respectively.Moreover,we found that MSCs differentiated into myofibroblasts to form adhesion tissues.Systemic injection of the TGF-β–neutralizing antibody 1D11 during the granulation formation stage of PAF significantly reduced the infiltration of MSCs and myofibroblasts and,subsequently,PAF.These results suggest that macrophage-derived TGF-β1 recruits MSCs to form myofibroblasts in peritendinous adhesions.An improved understanding of PAF mechanisms could help identify a potential therapeutic strategy.展开更多
Using data taken at 29 center-of-mass energies between 4.16 and 4.70 GeV with the BESⅢdetector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of approximately 18.8 fb^(-1),th...Using data taken at 29 center-of-mass energies between 4.16 and 4.70 GeV with the BESⅢdetector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of approximately 18.8 fb^(-1),the process e^(+)e^(-)→pppñπ+c.c.is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of 11.5σ.The average Born cross sections in the energy ranges of(4.160,4.380)GeV,(4.400,4.600)GeV and(4.610,4.700)GeV are measured to be(21.5±5.7±1.2)fb,(46.3±10.6±2.5)fb and(59.0±9.4±3.2)fb,respectively,where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.The line shapes of the pñ and ppπ^(-)invariant mass spectra are consistent with phase space distributions,indicating that no hexaquark or di-baryon state is observed.展开更多
Upon growth factor stimulation, the scaffold protein, Gabl, is tyrosine phosphorylated and subsequently the adaptor protein, Crk, transmits signals from Gabl. We have previously shown that Crk overexpression, which is...Upon growth factor stimulation, the scaffold protein, Gabl, is tyrosine phosphorylated and subsequently the adaptor protein, Crk, transmits signals from Gabl. We have previously shown that Crk overexpression, which is detectable in various human cancers, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Gabl without extracellular stimuli. In the present study, the underlying mechanisms were further investigated. Mutational analyses of CrkII demonstrated that the SH2 domain, but not the SH3（N） or the regulatory Y221 residue of CrkII, is critical for the induction of Gabl- Y307 phosphorylation. SH2 mutation of CrkII also decreased the interaction with Gabl. In GST pull-down assay, Crk-SH2 bound to wild-type Gahl, whereas Crk-SH3（N） interacted with the Gabl mutant, which lacks the clus- tered tyrosine region （residues 242-410）. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Gabl was induced by all Crk family proteins, but not other SH2-containing signalling adaptors. Src-family kinase inhibitor, PP2, abrogates Crk-induced tyrosine phosphorylations of Gabl. Y307 phosphorylation was undetectable in fibroblasts lacking Src, Yes, and Fyn, even upon overexpression of Crk, whereas cells lacking only Yes and Fyn still contained Gabl with phosphorylated Y307. Furthermore, Crk induced the phosphorylation of Src-Y416; accordingly the interaction between Crk and Csk was increased. The Gabl-Y307F mutant failed to localize near the plasma membrane even upon HGF stimulation and decreased cell migration. Moreover, Gabl-Y307F disturbed the localization of Crk, FAK, and paxillin, which are the typical components of focal adhesions. Taken together, these results indicate that Crk facilitates tyrosine phosphory- lation of Gabl-Y307 through Src, contributing to the organization of focal adhesions and enhanced cell migration, thereby possibly promoting human cancer development.展开更多
Bioaerosol exposure has been linked to adverse respiratory conditions.Intensive farming and composting facilities are important anthropogenic sources of bioaerosols.We aimed to characterise populations living close to...Bioaerosol exposure has been linked to adverse respiratory conditions.Intensive farming and composting facilities are important anthropogenic sources of bioaerosols.We aimed to characterise populations living close to intensive farming and composting facilities.We also infer whether the public are becoming more concerned about anthropogenic bioaerosol emissions,using reports of air pollution related incidents attributed to facilities.We mapped the location of 1,257 intensive farming and 310 composting facilities in England in relation to the resident population and its characteristics(sex and age),area characteristics(deprivation proxy and rural/urban classification)and school locations stratified by pre-defined distance bands from these bioaerosol sources.We also calculated the average number of air pollution related incidents per year per facility.We found that more than 16%of the population and 15%of schools are located within 4,828 m of an intensive farming facility or 4,000 m of a composting facility;few people(0.01%)live very close to these sites and tend to be older people.Close to composting facilities,populations are more likely to be urban and more deprived.The number of incidents were attributed to a small proportion of facilities;population characteristics around these facilities were similar.Results indicate that populations living near composting facilities(particularly>250 to≤4,000 m)are mostly located in ur6an areas(80188%of the population),which supports the need for more community health studies to be conducted.Results could also be used to inform risk management strategies at facilities with higher numbers of incidents.展开更多
Background: The hip trial aimed to assess clinical effectiveness, economic and psychosocial costs, and benefits of ultrasound imaging (US) compared with conve ntional clinical assessment alone to guide the management ...Background: The hip trial aimed to assess clinical effectiveness, economic and psychosocial costs, and benefits of ultrasound imaging (US) compared with conve ntional clinical assessment alone to guide the management of infants with neonat al hip instability. Objective: To report on psychosocial consequences formothers and the developingmother-child relations hip of US, and associations between abduction splinting and maternal psychosocia l distress. Design: Multicentre randomised controlled trial. Setting: Thirty thr ee hospitals in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Participants, interventions: A t otal of 629 infants with neonatal hip instability randomised to US examination o r clinical assessment alone before treatment decision. Questionnaires were compl eted by 561 (89%) mothers at 8 weeks and 494 (79%) at 1 year. Main outcome mea sures: Anxiety, postnatal depression, parenting stress assessed by standardised questionnaires. Maternal concerns about hip problems were assessed using the Inf ant hip worries inventory. Results: At 8 weeks, there were no differences betwee n US and non-US groups of the trial in maternal anxiety (mean difference (MD)- 1.2, 95%confidence interval (CI)-3.2 to 0.8), depression (MD 0.0, 95%CI- 0.7 to 0.8), parenting stress (MD-1.2, 95%CI-2.8 to 0.4), or other measu res. The same pattern was evident at 1 year. In an explanatory analysis, early s plinting was associated with increased anxiety at 8 weeks (MD 3.8, 95%CI 1.7 to 5.9) and increased level of hip worries at 8 weeks (MD 6.8, 95%CI 5.6 to 7.9) and 1 year (MD 1.3, 95%CI 0.3 to 2.4). Conclusions: Although early spl inting is associated with maternal anxieties, US is not associated with any incr ease or reduction in psychosocial effects on mothers. Together with the clinical findings, this suggests that the use of US allows reduction in splinting rates without increased risk of adverse clinical or psychosocial outcomes.展开更多
Background Despite the accepted utility of delayed enhancement MRI in identi fying irreversible myocardial injury,no study has yet assessed its role as a via bility tool exclusively in the setting of coronary artery b...Background Despite the accepted utility of delayed enhancement MRI in identi fying irreversible myocardial injury,no study has yet assessed its role as a via bility tool exclusively in the setting of coronary artery bypass surgery(CABG), and no study has repeated delayed enhancement MRI late after revascularization. In a clinical trial in which patients underwent CABG by either the off pump or on pump surgical technique, we hypothesized that(1) preoperative delayed enha ncement MRI would have high diagnostic accuracy in predicting viability and (2) the occurrence of perioperative myocardial necrosis would affect late regional w all motion recovery. Methods and Results Fifty two patients undergoing multive ssel CABG were studied by preoperative and early (day 6) and late (6 months) pos toperative cine MRI for global and regional functional assessment and delayed e nhancement MRI for assessment of irreversible myocardial injury. Preoperatively, 611 segments (21%) had abnormal regional function,whereas 421 segments (14%) showed evidence of hyperenhancement. At 6 months after revascularization, 57%(3 43 of 611) of dysfunctional segments improved contraction by at least 1 grade. W hen all preoperative dysfunctional segments were analyzed, there was a strong co rrelation between the transmural extent of hyper enhancement and the recovery in regional function at 6 months (P< 0.001). Of a total of 96 previously dysfunctional but nonenhancing or minimally hyperenhanci ng myocardial segments that did not improve regional function at 6 months, 35(36 %) demonstrated new perioperative hyperenhancement in the early postoperative M RI scan. Conclusions Delayed enhancement MRI is a powerful predictor of myocar dial viability after surgery, suggesting an important role for this technique in clinical viability assessment.展开更多
Abstract In early 1919, people like Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu were regarded as members of an ivory-tower ＂academic faction＂ （xuepai）, embroiled in a debate with an opposing ＂faction.＂ After the May Fourth demonstrat...Abstract In early 1919, people like Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu were regarded as members of an ivory-tower ＂academic faction＂ （xuepai）, embroiled in a debate with an opposing ＂faction.＂ After the May Fourth demonstrations, they were praised as the stars of a ＂New Culture Movement.＂ However, it was not obvious how the circle around Hu Shi and Chert Duxiu was associated with the May Fourth demonstrations. This link hinged on the way in which newspapers like Shenbao reported about the academic debates and the political events of May Fourth. After compartmentalizing the debating academics into fixed xuepai, Shenbao ascribed warlord-political allegiances to them. These made the Hu-Chen circle look like government victims and their ＂factional＂ rivals like the warlords＇ allies. When the atmosphere became hostile to the government during May Fourth, Hu Shi＇s ＂faction＂ became associated with the equally victimized May Fourth demonstrators. Their ideas were regarded as （now popular） expressions of anti-government sentiment, and soon this was labeled the core of the ＂New Culture Movement.＂ The idea and rhetoric of China＇s ＂New Culture Movement＂ in this way emerged out of the fortuitous concatenation of academic debates, newspaper stories, and political events.展开更多
Since Baade＇s photographic study of M32 in the mid 1940s, it has been accepted as an established fact that M32 is a compact dwarf satellite of M31. The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of our invest...Since Baade＇s photographic study of M32 in the mid 1940s, it has been accepted as an established fact that M32 is a compact dwarf satellite of M31. The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of our investigation into the nature of the existing evidence. We find that the case for M32 being a satellite of M31 rests upon Hubble Space Telescope （HST） based stellar population studies which have resolved red-giant branch （RGB） and red clump stars in M32 as well as other nearby galaxies. Taken in isolation, this recent evidence could be considered to be conclusive in favour of the existing view. However, the conventional scenario does not explain M32＇s anomalously high central velocity dispersion for a dwarf galaxy （several times that of either NGC 147, NGC 185 or NGC 205） or existing planetary nebula observations （which suggest that M32 is more than twice as distant as M31） and also requires an elaborate physical explanation for M32＇s inferred compactness. Conversely, we find that the case for M32 being a normal galaxy, of the order of three times as distant as M31, is supported by： （1） a central velocity dispersion typical of intermediate galaxies, （2） the published planetary nebula observations, and （3） known scaling relationships for normal early-type galaxies. However, this novel scenario cannot account for the high apparent luminosities of the RGB stars resolved in the M32 direction by HST observations. We are therefore left with two apparently irreconcilable scenarios, only one of which can be correct, but both of which suffer from potentially fatal evidence to the contrary.This suggests that current understanding of some relevant fields is still very far from adequate.展开更多
With the Double Star Program TC1 in the equatorial orbit and Cluster tetrahedron in the high latitude polar orbit, a conjunct observation of FTEs on the dayside magnetopause (MP) on April 6, 2004 is presented in this ...With the Double Star Program TC1 in the equatorial orbit and Cluster tetrahedron in the high latitude polar orbit, a conjunct observation of FTEs on the dayside magnetopause (MP) on April 6, 2004 is presented in this study. The FTEs observed by TC1 at low latitudes are characterized to be generated in the subsolar region and the obtained flux tube axes orientate along the predicted low latitude component magnetic reconnection X-line, indicating that these FTEs were more likely to be generated through multiple X-line reconnection or single X-line bursty reconnec-tion. During the same period, Cluster also encountered a series of magnetosheath FTEs with their axes pointing roughly along the interplanetary magnetic field. At last, the global FTE configuration is obtained from observations in different loca-tions, which is in good agreement with the "elbow shape" model.展开更多
As people live beyond 100 years, there is an extended period of impaired quality of life for the increasing numbers of individuals with skin disorders. There is also a growing work force of fit elderly individuals who...As people live beyond 100 years, there is an extended period of impaired quality of life for the increasing numbers of individuals with skin disorders. There is also a growing work force of fit elderly individuals who are able to provide low technology skin care and who can teach self-help if well instructed. The International Society of Dermatology's sub-committee Skin Care for All: Community Dermatology seeks to bring together those who care for skin diseases and those who manage wounds, burns, lymphoedema and neglected tropical diseases affecting the skin for the purpose of skin care. Their focus is the repair of four functions: barrier, thermoregulation, sensory perception and communication. The curriculum includes low cost self-help and the restoration of absent skin. The care expectation is one of technical proficiency integrated with kindness and altruism. The concept is attracting wide attention but needs to develop compelling and persuasive arguments("wow factors") regarding why it should be funded. There is probably no greater wow factor than tracing the path of a severely injured patient from the battlefield through the course of immediate first aid by paramedics to the surgeon in the frontline tent who can almost guarantee survival. Seeing these disfigured persons winning trophies at the Olympic Games has garnered the admiration of millions of viewers.展开更多
Since the pioneer work of Thorsteinson fot me ox（?） ethane, a series of V-Mo based catalysts mainly for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane have been patented. On the surfaces of these catalysts, a C;H;selectivi...Since the pioneer work of Thorsteinson fot me ox（?） ethane, a series of V-Mo based catalysts mainly for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane have been patented. On the surfaces of these catalysts, a C;H;selectivity of 70％ was achieved, but the space velocity was only about 340 h;. Lunsford, et al. reported a C;H;conversion of 75％ and a C;H;selectivity of 76％ over the展开更多
There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like XYZ states at BESⅢ and B fac...There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like XYZ states at BESⅢ and B factories, and the observation of an intriguing proton-antiproton threshold enhancement and the possibly related X(1835) meson state at BESⅢ, as well as the threshold measurements of charm mesons and charm baryons. We present a detailed survey of the important topics in tau-charm physics and hadron physics that can be further explored at BESⅢ during the remaining operation period of BEPCⅡ. This survey will help in the optimization of the data-taking plan over the coming years, and provides physics motivation for the possible upgrade of BEPCⅡ to higher luminosity.展开更多
This special issue of Acta Mathematica Scientia is dedicated to the celebration of the 70th birthday of Constantine M. Dafermos. Costas is the Alumni-Alumnae University Professor of Brown University, a Fellow of the A...This special issue of Acta Mathematica Scientia is dedicated to the celebration of the 70th birthday of Constantine M. Dafermos. Costas is the Alumni-Alumnae University Professor of Brown University, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Correspondent Member of the Academy of Athens, a Foreign Member of the Academia Nazionale dei Lincei, a SIAM Fellow, and an Honorary Professor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is also an Editor-in-Chief of this journal.展开更多
基金supported in part by Fox and Necrosis funds from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery。
文摘PPeritendinous adhesion formation(PAF)can substantially limit the range of motion of digits.However,the origin of myofibroblasts in PAF tissues is still unclear.In this study,we found that the concentration of active TGF-β1 and the numbers of macrophages,mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs),and myofibroblasts in human and mouse adhesion tissues were increased.Furthermore,knockout of TGF-β1 in macrophages or TGF-β1R2 in MSCs inhibited PAF by reducing MSC and myofibroblast infiltration and collagenⅠandⅢdeposition,respectively.Moreover,we found that MSCs differentiated into myofibroblasts to form adhesion tissues.Systemic injection of the TGF-β–neutralizing antibody 1D11 during the granulation formation stage of PAF significantly reduced the infiltration of MSCs and myofibroblasts and,subsequently,PAF.These results suggest that macrophage-derived TGF-β1 recruits MSCs to form myofibroblasts in peritendinous adhesions.An improved understanding of PAF mechanisms could help identify a potential therapeutic strategy.
基金Supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China under Contracts Nos.Supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0406300,2020YFA0406400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11975118,11625523,11635010,11735014,11822506,11835012,11935015,11935016,11935018,11961141012,12022510,12025502,12035009,12035013,12061131003,12075252,12192260,12192261,12192262,12192263,12192264,12192265)+19 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2019JJ30019)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2020RC3054)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility ProgramJoint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(U1732263,U1832207)CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SLH040)100 Talents Program of CASINPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyERC(758462)European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Contract No.Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement(894790)German Research Foundation DFG(43159800)Collaborative Research Center CRC 1044,FOR 2359,GRK 2149Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,ItalyMinistry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Science and Technology fundOlle Engkvist Foundation(200-0605)STFC(United Kingdom)The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(Sweden)(2016.0157)The Royal Society,UK(DH140054,DH160214)The Swedish Research CouncilU.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-05ER41374,DE-SC-0012069)。
文摘Using data taken at 29 center-of-mass energies between 4.16 and 4.70 GeV with the BESⅢdetector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of approximately 18.8 fb^(-1),the process e^(+)e^(-)→pppñπ+c.c.is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of 11.5σ.The average Born cross sections in the energy ranges of(4.160,4.380)GeV,(4.400,4.600)GeV and(4.610,4.700)GeV are measured to be(21.5±5.7±1.2)fb,(46.3±10.6±2.5)fb and(59.0±9.4±3.2)fb,respectively,where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.The line shapes of the pñ and ppπ^(-)invariant mass spectra are consistent with phase space distributions,indicating that no hexaquark or di-baryon state is observed.
基金Acknowledgments We thank M Hamaguchi （Nagoya Univ., Japan） and T Iwahara （Osaka Bioscience Institute, Japan） forJak null MEFs, and N Gotoh （Tokyo Univ., Japan）, H Higashi （Hokkaido Univ., Japan）, N Mochizuki （National Cardiovascular Cent. Res. Inst., Japan）, H Hanafusa （Prof. emeritus, The Rockefeller Univ., USA and Direc- tor em., OBI, Japan）, SK Hanks （Vanderbilt Univ., USA）, and M Matsuda （Kyoto Univ., Japan） for plasmids. We also thank K Sasai （Hokkaido Univ., Japan） and Y Ohba （Hokkaido Univ., Japan） for valuable discussion. This work was supported in part by grants-in- aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture, and Sports, and the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, Japan, as well as Suhara Memorial Foundation （Sapporo, Japan）, and the Mochida Medical Science Foundation （Tokyo, Japan）. The work of SF and TK is supported by grants from Cancer Research UK and the Brit- ish Cancer Charity ＂Heads Up＂. We dedicate this work to our great mentor Hidesaburo Hana- fusa, professor emeritus of the Rockefeller University, who passed away on March 15, 2009 at the age of 79. He devoted his life to science and in particular to creating the oncogene research field, to teaching and to providing profound affection to his students and postdocs. All of the alumni of Saburo＇s laboratory pride them- selves in having been his apprentices and we would like to hereby express our deeply felt gratitude to Saburo.
文摘Upon growth factor stimulation, the scaffold protein, Gabl, is tyrosine phosphorylated and subsequently the adaptor protein, Crk, transmits signals from Gabl. We have previously shown that Crk overexpression, which is detectable in various human cancers, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Gabl without extracellular stimuli. In the present study, the underlying mechanisms were further investigated. Mutational analyses of CrkII demonstrated that the SH2 domain, but not the SH3（N） or the regulatory Y221 residue of CrkII, is critical for the induction of Gabl- Y307 phosphorylation. SH2 mutation of CrkII also decreased the interaction with Gabl. In GST pull-down assay, Crk-SH2 bound to wild-type Gahl, whereas Crk-SH3（N） interacted with the Gabl mutant, which lacks the clus- tered tyrosine region （residues 242-410）. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Gabl was induced by all Crk family proteins, but not other SH2-containing signalling adaptors. Src-family kinase inhibitor, PP2, abrogates Crk-induced tyrosine phosphorylations of Gabl. Y307 phosphorylation was undetectable in fibroblasts lacking Src, Yes, and Fyn, even upon overexpression of Crk, whereas cells lacking only Yes and Fyn still contained Gabl with phosphorylated Y307. Furthermore, Crk induced the phosphorylation of Src-Y416; accordingly the interaction between Crk and Csk was increased. The Gabl-Y307F mutant failed to localize near the plasma membrane even upon HGF stimulation and decreased cell migration. Moreover, Gabl-Y307F disturbed the localization of Crk, FAK, and paxillin, which are the typical components of focal adhesions. Taken together, these results indicate that Crk facilitates tyrosine phosphory- lation of Gabl-Y307 through Src, contributing to the organization of focal adhesions and enhanced cell migration, thereby possibly promoting human cancer development.
文摘Bioaerosol exposure has been linked to adverse respiratory conditions.Intensive farming and composting facilities are important anthropogenic sources of bioaerosols.We aimed to characterise populations living close to intensive farming and composting facilities.We also infer whether the public are becoming more concerned about anthropogenic bioaerosol emissions,using reports of air pollution related incidents attributed to facilities.We mapped the location of 1,257 intensive farming and 310 composting facilities in England in relation to the resident population and its characteristics(sex and age),area characteristics(deprivation proxy and rural/urban classification)and school locations stratified by pre-defined distance bands from these bioaerosol sources.We also calculated the average number of air pollution related incidents per year per facility.We found that more than 16%of the population and 15%of schools are located within 4,828 m of an intensive farming facility or 4,000 m of a composting facility;few people(0.01%)live very close to these sites and tend to be older people.Close to composting facilities,populations are more likely to be urban and more deprived.The number of incidents were attributed to a small proportion of facilities;population characteristics around these facilities were similar.Results indicate that populations living near composting facilities(particularly>250 to≤4,000 m)are mostly located in ur6an areas(80188%of the population),which supports the need for more community health studies to be conducted.Results could also be used to inform risk management strategies at facilities with higher numbers of incidents.
文摘Background: The hip trial aimed to assess clinical effectiveness, economic and psychosocial costs, and benefits of ultrasound imaging (US) compared with conve ntional clinical assessment alone to guide the management of infants with neonat al hip instability. Objective: To report on psychosocial consequences formothers and the developingmother-child relations hip of US, and associations between abduction splinting and maternal psychosocia l distress. Design: Multicentre randomised controlled trial. Setting: Thirty thr ee hospitals in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Participants, interventions: A t otal of 629 infants with neonatal hip instability randomised to US examination o r clinical assessment alone before treatment decision. Questionnaires were compl eted by 561 (89%) mothers at 8 weeks and 494 (79%) at 1 year. Main outcome mea sures: Anxiety, postnatal depression, parenting stress assessed by standardised questionnaires. Maternal concerns about hip problems were assessed using the Inf ant hip worries inventory. Results: At 8 weeks, there were no differences betwee n US and non-US groups of the trial in maternal anxiety (mean difference (MD)- 1.2, 95%confidence interval (CI)-3.2 to 0.8), depression (MD 0.0, 95%CI- 0.7 to 0.8), parenting stress (MD-1.2, 95%CI-2.8 to 0.4), or other measu res. The same pattern was evident at 1 year. In an explanatory analysis, early s plinting was associated with increased anxiety at 8 weeks (MD 3.8, 95%CI 1.7 to 5.9) and increased level of hip worries at 8 weeks (MD 6.8, 95%CI 5.6 to 7.9) and 1 year (MD 1.3, 95%CI 0.3 to 2.4). Conclusions: Although early spl inting is associated with maternal anxieties, US is not associated with any incr ease or reduction in psychosocial effects on mothers. Together with the clinical findings, this suggests that the use of US allows reduction in splinting rates without increased risk of adverse clinical or psychosocial outcomes.
文摘Background Despite the accepted utility of delayed enhancement MRI in identi fying irreversible myocardial injury,no study has yet assessed its role as a via bility tool exclusively in the setting of coronary artery bypass surgery(CABG), and no study has repeated delayed enhancement MRI late after revascularization. In a clinical trial in which patients underwent CABG by either the off pump or on pump surgical technique, we hypothesized that(1) preoperative delayed enha ncement MRI would have high diagnostic accuracy in predicting viability and (2) the occurrence of perioperative myocardial necrosis would affect late regional w all motion recovery. Methods and Results Fifty two patients undergoing multive ssel CABG were studied by preoperative and early (day 6) and late (6 months) pos toperative cine MRI for global and regional functional assessment and delayed e nhancement MRI for assessment of irreversible myocardial injury. Preoperatively, 611 segments (21%) had abnormal regional function,whereas 421 segments (14%) showed evidence of hyperenhancement. At 6 months after revascularization, 57%(3 43 of 611) of dysfunctional segments improved contraction by at least 1 grade. W hen all preoperative dysfunctional segments were analyzed, there was a strong co rrelation between the transmural extent of hyper enhancement and the recovery in regional function at 6 months (P< 0.001). Of a total of 96 previously dysfunctional but nonenhancing or minimally hyperenhanci ng myocardial segments that did not improve regional function at 6 months, 35(36 %) demonstrated new perioperative hyperenhancement in the early postoperative M RI scan. Conclusions Delayed enhancement MRI is a powerful predictor of myocar dial viability after surgery, suggesting an important role for this technique in clinical viability assessment.
文摘Abstract In early 1919, people like Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu were regarded as members of an ivory-tower ＂academic faction＂ （xuepai）, embroiled in a debate with an opposing ＂faction.＂ After the May Fourth demonstrations, they were praised as the stars of a ＂New Culture Movement.＂ However, it was not obvious how the circle around Hu Shi and Chert Duxiu was associated with the May Fourth demonstrations. This link hinged on the way in which newspapers like Shenbao reported about the academic debates and the political events of May Fourth. After compartmentalizing the debating academics into fixed xuepai, Shenbao ascribed warlord-political allegiances to them. These made the Hu-Chen circle look like government victims and their ＂factional＂ rivals like the warlords＇ allies. When the atmosphere became hostile to the government during May Fourth, Hu Shi＇s ＂faction＂ became associated with the equally victimized May Fourth demonstrators. Their ideas were regarded as （now popular） expressions of anti-government sentiment, and soon this was labeled the core of the ＂New Culture Movement.＂ The idea and rhetoric of China＇s ＂New Culture Movement＂ in this way emerged out of the fortuitous concatenation of academic debates, newspaper stories, and political events.
文摘Since Baade＇s photographic study of M32 in the mid 1940s, it has been accepted as an established fact that M32 is a compact dwarf satellite of M31. The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of our investigation into the nature of the existing evidence. We find that the case for M32 being a satellite of M31 rests upon Hubble Space Telescope （HST） based stellar population studies which have resolved red-giant branch （RGB） and red clump stars in M32 as well as other nearby galaxies. Taken in isolation, this recent evidence could be considered to be conclusive in favour of the existing view. However, the conventional scenario does not explain M32＇s anomalously high central velocity dispersion for a dwarf galaxy （several times that of either NGC 147, NGC 185 or NGC 205） or existing planetary nebula observations （which suggest that M32 is more than twice as distant as M31） and also requires an elaborate physical explanation for M32＇s inferred compactness. Conversely, we find that the case for M32 being a normal galaxy, of the order of three times as distant as M31, is supported by： （1） a central velocity dispersion typical of intermediate galaxies, （2） the published planetary nebula observations, and （3） known scaling relationships for normal early-type galaxies. However, this novel scenario cannot account for the high apparent luminosities of the RGB stars resolved in the M32 direction by HST observations. We are therefore left with two apparently irreconcilable scenarios, only one of which can be correct, but both of which suffer from potentially fatal evidence to the contrary.This suggests that current understanding of some relevant fields is still very far from adequate.
基金the NSFC (Grant No. 40731056)the Chinese Key Research Project (Grant No. 2006CB806300)
文摘With the Double Star Program TC1 in the equatorial orbit and Cluster tetrahedron in the high latitude polar orbit, a conjunct observation of FTEs on the dayside magnetopause (MP) on April 6, 2004 is presented in this study. The FTEs observed by TC1 at low latitudes are characterized to be generated in the subsolar region and the obtained flux tube axes orientate along the predicted low latitude component magnetic reconnection X-line, indicating that these FTEs were more likely to be generated through multiple X-line reconnection or single X-line bursty reconnec-tion. During the same period, Cluster also encountered a series of magnetosheath FTEs with their axes pointing roughly along the interplanetary magnetic field. At last, the global FTE configuration is obtained from observations in different loca-tions, which is in good agreement with the "elbow shape" model.
文摘As people live beyond 100 years, there is an extended period of impaired quality of life for the increasing numbers of individuals with skin disorders. There is also a growing work force of fit elderly individuals who are able to provide low technology skin care and who can teach self-help if well instructed. The International Society of Dermatology's sub-committee Skin Care for All: Community Dermatology seeks to bring together those who care for skin diseases and those who manage wounds, burns, lymphoedema and neglected tropical diseases affecting the skin for the purpose of skin care. Their focus is the repair of four functions: barrier, thermoregulation, sensory perception and communication. The curriculum includes low cost self-help and the restoration of absent skin. The care expectation is one of technical proficiency integrated with kindness and altruism. The concept is attracting wide attention but needs to develop compelling and persuasive arguments("wow factors") regarding why it should be funded. There is probably no greater wow factor than tracing the path of a severely injured patient from the battlefield through the course of immediate first aid by paramedics to the surgeon in the frontline tent who can almost guarantee survival. Seeing these disfigured persons winning trophies at the Olympic Games has garnered the admiration of millions of viewers.
文摘Since the pioneer work of Thorsteinson fot me ox（?） ethane, a series of V-Mo based catalysts mainly for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane have been patented. On the surfaces of these catalysts, a C;H;selectivity of 70％ was achieved, but the space velocity was only about 340 h;. Lunsford, et al. reported a C;H;conversion of 75％ and a C;H;selectivity of 76％ over the
基金Acknowledgments This work has benefited from the use of 1） Los Alamos Neutron Science Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory and 2） ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source at Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory. The financial support of the National Science Foundation＇s 1） International Materials Institutes （IMI） under DMR-0231320, 2） Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training （IGERT） under DGE-9987548, 3） Combined Research and Curriculum Development （CRCD） under EEC-9527527 and EEC-0203415, and 4） Major Research Instrumentation （MRI） under DMR-0231320 at the University of Tennessee with Dr HUBER C, Dr Van HARTESVELDT C J, Dr DUTTA D, Dr JENNINGS W, Dr G0LDBERG L, Ms P0ATS M, and Dr B0ULDIN C R as the Program Directors, is greatly appreciated. Additional funding for this project was gratefully received from the Tennessee Advanced Materials Laboratory, with Prof. PLUMMER E W as the Director.
基金Supported in part by National Key Basic Research Program of China (2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11335008,11425524, 11625523, 11635010, 11735014, 11822506, 11935018)+18 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Large-Scale Scientific Facility Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS (U1532257, U1532258, U1732263)CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Science (QYZDJ-SSW-SLH003, QYZDJ-SSW-SLH040)100 Talents Program of CASCAS PIFIthe Thousand Talents Program of ChinaIN-PAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyGerman Research Foundation DFG under Contracts NosCollaborative Research Center CRC 1044, FOR 2359Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, ItalyKoninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (KNAW) (530-4CDP03)Ministry of Development of Turkey (DPT2006K-120470)National Science and Technology fundThe Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden) (2016.0157)The Swedish Research CouncilU. S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER41374, DESC-0010118, DE-SC-0012069)University of Groningen (Ru G) and the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung Gmb H (GSI), Darmstadtthe Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (14.W03.31.0026).
文摘There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like XYZ states at BESⅢ and B factories, and the observation of an intriguing proton-antiproton threshold enhancement and the possibly related X(1835) meson state at BESⅢ, as well as the threshold measurements of charm mesons and charm baryons. We present a detailed survey of the important topics in tau-charm physics and hadron physics that can be further explored at BESⅢ during the remaining operation period of BEPCⅡ. This survey will help in the optimization of the data-taking plan over the coming years, and provides physics motivation for the possible upgrade of BEPCⅡ to higher luminosity.
文摘This special issue of Acta Mathematica Scientia is dedicated to the celebration of the 70th birthday of Constantine M. Dafermos. Costas is the Alumni-Alumnae University Professor of Brown University, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Correspondent Member of the Academy of Athens, a Foreign Member of the Academia Nazionale dei Lincei, a SIAM Fellow, and an Honorary Professor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is also an Editor-in-Chief of this journal.
