Drug delivery systems(DDS) are used to deliver therapeutic drugs to improve selectivity and reduce side effects. With the development of nanotechnology, many nanocarriers have been developed and applied to drug delive...Drug delivery systems(DDS) are used to deliver therapeutic drugs to improve selectivity and reduce side effects. With the development of nanotechnology, many nanocarriers have been developed and applied to drug delivery, including mesoporous silica. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs) have attracted a lot of attention for simple synthesis, biocompatibility, high surface area and pore volume. Based on the pore system and surface modification, gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles can be designed to realize on-command drug release, which provides a new approach for selective delivery of antitumor drugs.Herein, this review mainly focuses on the “gate keepers” of mesoporous silica for drug controlled release in nearly few years(2017–2020). We summarize the mechanism of drug controlled release in gated MSNs and different gated materials: inorganic gated materials, organic gated materials, self-gated drug molecules, and biological membranes. The facing challenges and future prospects of gated MSNs are discussed rationally in the end.展开更多
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection(OCI) may be associated with extrahepatic diseases and it is known that the patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) who are on hemodialysis(HD) present a higher prev...BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection(OCI) may be associated with extrahepatic diseases and it is known that the patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) who are on hemodialysis(HD) present a higher prevalence of this type of infection than the general population, with a worse clinical outcome.However, there are no data in the literature to assess the presence of OCI in patients prior to the initiation of renal replacement therapy(RRT). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and epidemiological aspects of OCI in patients with Predialysis CKD. We hypothesize that this infection could occur before RRT initiation.AIM To research the status in predialysis patients when HD patients have high prevalence of OCI.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2015 and 2017. Adults with creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min·1.73 m^2(predialysis patients) were recruited to the study. Pregnant and postpartum women, patients with glomerulopathies,and patients showing positivity for serological markers of hepatitis B virus(HBV), HCV or human immunodeficiency virus infection were excluded. Patients were diagnosed with OCI according to test results of anti-HCV antibody negativity and HCV RNA positivity in either ultracentrifuged serum or, if serumnegative, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.RESULTS Among the 91 total patients included in the study, the prevalence of OCI was 16.5%. Among these 15 total OCI patients, 1 was diagnosed by 14 ultracentrifuged serum results and 14 were diagnosed by peripheral blood mononuclear cell results. Compared to the non-OCI group, the OCI patients presented higher frequency of older age(P = 0.002), patients with CKD of mixed etiology(P = 0.019), and patients with markers of previous HBV infection(i.e.,combined positivity for anti-hepatitis B core protein antibody and anti-hepatitis B surface protein antibody)(P = 0.001).CONCLUSION Among predialysis patients, OCI involved the elderly, patients with CKD of mixed etiology, and patients with previous HBV infection展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32071342)Guangdong Special Support Program (No. 2019TQ05Y209)+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2021A1515010431)Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties (No. SZGSP001)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kindey Diseases(No. ZDSYS201504301616234)the Key Project of Basic Research of Shenzhen (No. JCYJ20200109113603854)the International Cooperation Research Project of Shenzhen (No. GJHZ20180418190557102)the Special Funds of Key Disciplines Construction from Guangdong and Zhongshan Cooperating。
文摘Drug delivery systems(DDS) are used to deliver therapeutic drugs to improve selectivity and reduce side effects. With the development of nanotechnology, many nanocarriers have been developed and applied to drug delivery, including mesoporous silica. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs) have attracted a lot of attention for simple synthesis, biocompatibility, high surface area and pore volume. Based on the pore system and surface modification, gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles can be designed to realize on-command drug release, which provides a new approach for selective delivery of antitumor drugs.Herein, this review mainly focuses on the “gate keepers” of mesoporous silica for drug controlled release in nearly few years(2017–2020). We summarize the mechanism of drug controlled release in gated MSNs and different gated materials: inorganic gated materials, organic gated materials, self-gated drug molecules, and biological membranes. The facing challenges and future prospects of gated MSNs are discussed rationally in the end.
基金Supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq),No.429736-2016/9
文摘BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection(OCI) may be associated with extrahepatic diseases and it is known that the patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) who are on hemodialysis(HD) present a higher prevalence of this type of infection than the general population, with a worse clinical outcome.However, there are no data in the literature to assess the presence of OCI in patients prior to the initiation of renal replacement therapy(RRT). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and epidemiological aspects of OCI in patients with Predialysis CKD. We hypothesize that this infection could occur before RRT initiation.AIM To research the status in predialysis patients when HD patients have high prevalence of OCI.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2015 and 2017. Adults with creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min·1.73 m^2(predialysis patients) were recruited to the study. Pregnant and postpartum women, patients with glomerulopathies,and patients showing positivity for serological markers of hepatitis B virus(HBV), HCV or human immunodeficiency virus infection were excluded. Patients were diagnosed with OCI according to test results of anti-HCV antibody negativity and HCV RNA positivity in either ultracentrifuged serum or, if serumnegative, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.RESULTS Among the 91 total patients included in the study, the prevalence of OCI was 16.5%. Among these 15 total OCI patients, 1 was diagnosed by 14 ultracentrifuged serum results and 14 were diagnosed by peripheral blood mononuclear cell results. Compared to the non-OCI group, the OCI patients presented higher frequency of older age(P = 0.002), patients with CKD of mixed etiology(P = 0.019), and patients with markers of previous HBV infection(i.e.,combined positivity for anti-hepatitis B core protein antibody and anti-hepatitis B surface protein antibody)(P = 0.001).CONCLUSION Among predialysis patients, OCI involved the elderly, patients with CKD of mixed etiology, and patients with previous HBV infection
