Macrophages exist in various tissues,several body cavities,and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and cancers.Macrophages possess binary M1...Macrophages exist in various tissues,several body cavities,and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and cancers.Macrophages possess binary M1/M2 macrophage polarization settings,which perform a central role in an array of immune tasks via intrinsic signal cascades and,therefore,must be precisely regulated.Many crucial questions about macrophage signaling and immune modulation are yet to be uncovered.In addition,the clinical importance of tumor-associated macrophages is becoming more widely recognized as significant progress has been made in understanding their biology.Moreover,they are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment,playing a part in the regulation of a wide variety of processes including angiogenesis,extracellular matrix transformation,cancer cell proliferation,metastasis,immunosuppression,and resistance to chemotherapeutic and checkpoint blockade immunotherapies.Herein,we discuss immune regulation in macrophage polarization and signaling,mechanical stresses and modulation,metabolic signaling pathways,mitochondrial and transcriptional,and epigenetic regulation.Furthermore,we have broadly extended the understanding of macrophages in extracellular traps and the essential roles of autophagy and aging in regulating macrophage functions.Moreover,we discussed recent advances in macrophages-mediated immune regulation of autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis.Lastly,we discussed targeted macrophage therapy to portray prospective targets for therapeutic strategies in health and diseases.展开更多
The pernicious bacterial proliferation and emergence of super-resistant bacteria have already posed a great threat to public health,which drives researchers to develop antibiotic-free strategies to eradicate these fie...The pernicious bacterial proliferation and emergence of super-resistant bacteria have already posed a great threat to public health,which drives researchers to develop antibiotic-free strategies to eradicate these fierce microbes.Although enormous achievements have already been achieved,it remains an arduous challenge to realize efficient sterilization to cut off the drug resistance generation.Recently,photothermal therapy(PTT)has emerged as a promising solution to efficiently damage the integrity of pathogenic bacteria based on hyperthermia beyond their tolerance.Until now,numerous photothermal agents have been studied for antimicrobial PTT.Among them,MXenes(a type of two-dimensional transition metal carbides or nitrides)are extensively investigated as one of the most promising candidates due to their high aspect ratio,atomic-thin thickness,excellent photothermal performance,low cytotoxicity,and ultrahigh dispersibility in aqueous systems.Besides,the enormous application scenarios using their antibacterial properties can be tailored via elaborated designs of MXenes-based materials.In this review,the synthetic approaches and textural properties of MXenes have been systematically presented first,and then the photothermal properties and sterilization mechanisms using MXenes-based materials are documented.Subsequently,recent progress in diverse fields making use of the photothermal and antibacterial performances of MXenes-based materials are well summarized to reveal the potential applications of these materials for various purposes,including in vitro and in vivo sterilization,solar water evaporation and purification,and flexible antibacterial fabrics.Last but not least,the current challenges and future perspectives are discussed to provide theoretical guidance for the fabrication of efficient antimicrobial systems using MXenes.展开更多
This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study incl...This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera,74 new species,three new combinations,two reference specimens,a re-circumscription of the epitype,and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections,new hosts and new geographical distributions.Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora,Brunneomurispora,Liua,Lonicericola,Neoeutypella,Paratrimmatostroma,Parazalerion,Proliferophorum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis,Septomelanconiella,Velebitea and Vicosamyces.Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius,A.langensis,Aleurodiscus patagonicus,Amanita flavoalba,A.subtropicana,Amphisphaeria mangrovei,Baorangia major,Bartalinia kunmingensis,Brunneofusispora sinensis,Brunneomurispora lonicerae,Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis,Clavulina thindii,Coniochaeta simbalensis,Conlarium thailandense,Coprinus trigonosporus,Liua muriformis,Cyphellophora filicis,Cytospora ulmicola,Dacrymyces invisibilis,Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis,Distoseptispora thysanolaenae,Emericellopsis koreana,Galiicola baoshanensis,Hygrocybe lucida,Hypoxylon teeravasati,Hyweljonesia indica,Keissleriella caraganae,Lactarius olivaceopallidus,Lactifluus midnapurensis,Lembosia brigadeirensis,Leptosphaeria urticae,Lonicericola hyaloseptispora,Lophiotrema mucilaginosis,Marasmiellus bicoloripes,Marasmius indojasminodorus,Micropeltis phetchaburiensis,Mucor orantomantidis,Murilentithecium lonicerae,Neobambusicola brunnea,Neoeutypella baoshanensis,Neoroussoella heveae,Neosetophoma lonicerae,Ophiobolus malleolus,Parabambusicola thysanolaenae,Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis,Parazalerion indica,Penicillium dokdoense,Peroneutypa mangrovei,Phaeosphaeria cycadis,Phanerochaete australosanguinea,Plectosphaerella kunmingensis,Plenodomus artemisiae,P.lijiangensis,Proliferophorum thailandicum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana,Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus,Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae,Robillarda mangif展开更多
Objective： To explore brain activations associated with electroacupuncture simulation at Tongli（HT 5） and its comparison with brain activations during picture-naming task. Methods： Twenty healthy subjects were enr...Objective： To explore brain activations associated with electroacupuncture simulation at Tongli（HT 5） and its comparison with brain activations during picture-naming task. Methods： Twenty healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Half of them received electroacupuncture stimulation at HT 5（ACUP group） and the other half of them received stimulation at a nonmeridian sham acupoint（SHAM group）. All subjects performed picture-naming task. Each subject finished two runs of functional magnetic resonance imaging examinations in one session and picture-naming task was performed before electroacupuncture stimulation. Subjective brain activations were obtained using generalized linear model and inter-group analyses were performed after that. Results： The electroacupuncture stimulation at HT 5 induced significant brain activations in both the anterior and posterior language regions, including the left inferior frontal gyrus, which was in consistent with activations induced during picture-naming task. Group analysis showed a tendency of increased activation of ACUP group in left inferior frontal gyrus compared with SHAM group（P〈0.05 FDR corrected）. Conclusions： Electroacupuncture treatment at the acupoint HT 5 has modulation effect on typical language-implicated brain regions in healthy subjects, which provides supporting evidence for beneficial effects of needling at HT 5 for recovery of language function in aphasia.展开更多
Three dimensional （3D） DEM （discrete element method） simulations of drained triaxial compression and plane strain tests are presented for both dense and loose assemblies of polydisperse spheres using a periodic ce...Three dimensional （3D） DEM （discrete element method） simulations of drained triaxial compression and plane strain tests are presented for both dense and loose assemblies of polydisperse spheres using a periodic cell. In the work reported, drained tests were modelled by deforming the samples under constant mean stress conditions. The drained behaviour is shown to be qualitatively similar to published physical experimental results. The Bishop＇s formula for the estimation of the intermediate principal stress is evaluated. The existence of critical density is shown to be independent of initial packing densities and strain conditions. Different failure criteria have been compared based on the DEM simulation results, and the Lade criterion is found to be the most appropriate one. A new microscopic fabric parameter is introduced to give insight to structural anisotropy under general 3D fabric conditions. It is found that two parameters characterize the evolution of the stress and fabric respectively independent of strain conditions.展开更多
Background Understanding the evolution of circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the high-risk population has important implications for the prevention of bipolar disorder.Nevertheless,some of the previou...Background Understanding the evolution of circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the high-risk population has important implications for the prevention of bipolar disorder.Nevertheless,some of the previous studies on the emergence of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction among high-risk populations were inconsistent and limited.Aims To examine the prevalence rates of sleep and circadian dysfunctions,mental disorders and their symptoms in the offspring of parents with(O-BD)and without bipolar disorder(O-control).Methods The study included 191 O-BD and 202 O-control subjects aged 6-21 years from the Greater Bay Area,China.The diagnoses and symptoms of sleep/circadian rhythm and mental disorders were assessed by the Diagnostic Interview for Sleep Patterns and Disorders,and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version,respectively.Generalised estimating equations and shared frailty proportional hazards models of survival analysis were applied to compare the outcomes in the offspring.Results Adjusting for age,sex and region of recruitment,there was a significantly higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms(9.55%vs 2.58%,adjusted OR:4.04)in O-BD than in O-control.O-BD had a nearly fivefold higher risk of mood disorders(11.70%vs 3.47%,adjusted OR:4.68)and social anxiety(6.28%vs 1.49%,adjusted OR:4.70),a fourfold higher risk of depressive disorders(11.17%vs 3.47%,adjusted OR:3.99)and a threefold higher risk of mood symptoms(20.74%vs 10.40%,adjusted OR:2.59)than O-control.Subgroup analysis revealed that O-BD children(aged under 12 years)had a nearly 2-fold higher risk of any mental and behavioural symptoms than O-control,while there was a nearly 4-fold higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms,a 7.5-fold higher risk of social anxiety and a 3-fold higher risk of mood symptoms in O-BD adolescents(aged 12 years and over).Conclusions There was an increase in delayed sleep phase symptoms in O-BD adolescents compared with their control counterp展开更多
To the Editor:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorders.[1]The severity of PD-related motor symptoms is usually semiquantitatively(“normal”,“slight”,“mild”,“moderate...To the Editor:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorders.[1]The severity of PD-related motor symptoms is usually semiquantitatively(“normal”,“slight”,“mild”,“moderate”,and“severe”)evaluated by expert physicians according to the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III(MDS-UPDRS III).[2]However,the MDS-UPDRS III is semiquantitative and subjective,which might mask mild treatment effects or even provide false-positive results.展开更多
Background:Light at night(LAN)has become a concern in interdisciplinary research in recent years.This global interdisciplinary study aimed to explore the exposure-lag-response association between LAN exposure and lung...Background:Light at night(LAN)has become a concern in interdisciplinary research in recent years.This global interdisciplinary study aimed to explore the exposure-lag-response association between LAN exposure and lung cancer incidence.Methods:LAN data were obtained from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System.Data of lung cancer incidence,socio-demographic index,and smoking prevalence of populations in 201 countries/territories from 1992 to 2018 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study.Spearman correlation tests and population-weighted linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between LAN exposure and lung cancer incidence.A distributed lag nonlinear model(DLNM)was used to assess the exposure-lag effects of LAN exposure on lung cancer incidence.Results:The Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.286-0.355 and the population-weighted linear regression correlation coefficients were 0.361-0.527.After adjustment for socio-demographic index and smoking preva-lence,the Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.264-0.357 and the population-weighted linear regression correlation coefficients were 0.346-0.497.In the DLNM,the maximum relative risk was 1.04(1.02-1.06)at LAN exposure of 8.6 with a 2.6-year lag time.After adjustment for socio-demographic index and smoking prevalence,the maximum relative risk was 1.05(1.02-1.07)at LAN exposure of 8.6 with a 2.4-year lag time.Conclusion:High LAN exposure was associated with increased lung cancer incidence,and this effect had a specific lag period.Compared with traditional individual-level studies,this group-level study provides a novel paradigm of effective,efficient,and scalable screening for risk factors.展开更多
Objectives:To explore the relationship between college students’self-esteem(SE)and their social phobia(SP),as well as the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation(FNE)and the moderating effect of perfectionism.M...Objectives:To explore the relationship between college students’self-esteem(SE)and their social phobia(SP),as well as the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation(FNE)and the moderating effect of perfectionism.Methods:A convenience sampling survey was carried out for 1020 college students from Shandong Province of China,utilizing measures of college students’self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,perfectionism,and social phobia.Data analysis was performed using the SPSS PROCESS macro.Results:(1)college students’self-esteem significantly and negatively predicts their social phobia(β=−0.31,t=−10.10,p<0.001);(2)fear of negative evaluation partially mediates the relation between self-esteem and social phobia among college students,with the mediating effect accounting for 48.97%of the total effect(TE);(3)the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation is moderated by perfectionism(β=0.18,t=7.75,p<0.001),where higher levels of perfectionism strengthen the mediating effect of fear of negative evaluation.Conclusions:Perfectionism moderates the mediating effect that fear of negative evaluation plays,establishing a moderated mediating model.展开更多
In this study,the interplay between ecosystem services and human well-being in Seni district,which is a pastoral region of Nagqu city on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is investigated.Employing the improved InVEST model,CA...In this study,the interplay between ecosystem services and human well-being in Seni district,which is a pastoral region of Nagqu city on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is investigated.Employing the improved InVEST model,CASA model,coupling coordination model,and hierarchical clustering method,we analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem services,the levels of resident well-being levels,and the interrelationships between these factors over the period from 2000 to 2018.Our findings reveal significant changes in six ecosystem services,with water production decreasing by 7.1%and carbon sequestration and soil conservation services increasing by approximately 6.3%and 14.6%,respectively.Both the habitat quality and landscape recreation services remained stable.Spatially,the towns in the eastern and southern areas exhibited higher water production and soil conservation services,while those in the central area exhibited greater carbon sequestration services.The coupling and coordination relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being improved significantly over the study period,evolving from low-level coupling to coordinated coupling.Hierarchical clustering was used to classify the 12 town-level units into five categories.Low subjective well-being townships had lower livestock breeding services,while high subjective well-being townships had higher supply,regulation,and support ecosystem services.Good transportation conditions were associated with higher subjective well-being in townships with low supply services.We recommend addressing the identified transportation disparities and enhancing key regulatory and livestock breeding services to promote regional sustainability and improve the quality of life for Seni district residents,thus catering to the diverse needs of both herdsmen and citizens.展开更多
Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy(SERS)is a nondestructive technique for rapid detection of analytes even at the single-molecule level.However,highly sensitive and reliable SERS substrates are mostly fabricated with...Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy(SERS)is a nondestructive technique for rapid detection of analytes even at the single-molecule level.However,highly sensitive and reliable SERS substrates are mostly fabricated with complex nanofabrication techniques,greatly restricting their practical applications.A convenient electrochemical method for transforming the surface of commercial gold wires/foils into silver-alloyed nanostructures is demonstrated in this report.Au substrates are treated with repetitive anodic and cathodic bias in an electrolyte of thiourea,in a one-pot one-step manner.X-rays absorption fine structure(XAFS)spectroscopy confirms that the AuAg alloy is induced at the surface.The unique AuAg alloyed surface nanostructures are particularly advantageous when served as SERS substrates,enabling a remarkably sensitive detection of Rhodamine B(a detection limit of 10^(-14)M,and uniform strong response throughout the substrates at 10^(-12)M).展开更多
For a class of discrete-time singular stochastic systems with multi-state delay,the stabilization problem of receding horizon control(RHC)is concerned.Due to the difficulty in solving the proposed optimization problem...For a class of discrete-time singular stochastic systems with multi-state delay,the stabilization problem of receding horizon control(RHC)is concerned.Due to the difficulty in solving the proposed optimization problem,the RHC stabilization for such systems has not been solved.By adopting the forward and backward equation technique,the optimization problem is solved completely.A sufficient and necessary condition for the optimization controller to have a unique solution is given when the regularization and pulse-free conditions are satisfied.Based on this controller,an RHC stabilization condition is derived,which is in the form of linear matrix inequality.It is proved that the singular stochastic system with multi-state delay is stable in the mean-square sense under appropriate assumptions when the terminal weighting matrix satisfies the given inequality.Numerical examples show that the proposed RHC method is effective in stabilizing singular stochastic systems with multi-state delay.展开更多
Chronic pain lasting more than 3 mo,or even several years can lead to disability.Treating chronic pain safely and effectively is a critical challenge faced by clinicians.Because administration of analgesics through or...Chronic pain lasting more than 3 mo,or even several years can lead to disability.Treating chronic pain safely and effectively is a critical challenge faced by clinicians.Because administration of analgesics through oral,intravenous or intramuscular routes is not satisfactory,research toward percutaneous delivery has gained interest.The transdermal patch is one such percutaneous delivery system that can deliver drugs through the skin and capillaries at a certain rate to achieve a systemic or local therapeutic effect in the affected area.It has many advantages including ease of administration and hepatic first pass metabolism avoidance as well as controlling drug delivery,which reduces the dose frequency and side effects.If not required,then the patch can be removed from the skin immediately.The scopolamine patch was the first transdermal patch to be approved for the treatment of motion sickness by the Food and Drug Administration in 1979.From then on,the transdermal patch has been widely used to treat many diseases.To date,no guidelines or consensus are available on the use of analgesic drugs through transdermal delivery.The pain branch of the Chinese Medical Association,after meeting and discussing with experts and based on clinical evidence,developed a consensus for promoting and regulating standard use of transdermal patches containing analgesic drugs.展开更多
This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the pr...This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family,five new genera,61 new species,five new combinations,one synonym,one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions.Ageratinicolaceae fam.nov.is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales.The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola,Kevinia,Pseudomultiseptospora(Parabambusicolaceae),Marasmiellomycena,and Vizzinia(Porotheleaceae).Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus,Ageratinicola kunmingensis,Allocryptovalsa aceris,Allophoma yuccae,Apiospora cannae,A.elliptica,A.pallidesporae,Boeremia wisteriae,Calycina papaeana,Clypeo-coccum lichenostigmoides,Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii,Cryphonectria kunmingensis,Diaporthe angustiapiculata,D.campylandrae,D.longipapillata,Diatrypella guangdongense,Dothiorella franceschinii,Endocalyx phoenicis,Epicoc-cum terminosporum,Fulvifomes karaiensis,F.pannaensis,Ganoderma ghatensis,Hysterobrevium baoshanense,Inocybe avellaneorosea,I.lucida,Jahnula oblonga,Kevinia lignicola,Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis,Laboulbenia caprina,L.clavulata,L.cobiae,L.cosmodisci,L.nilotica,L.omalii,L.robusta,L.similis,L.stigmatophora,Laccaria rubriporus,Lasiodiplodia morindae,Lyophyllum agnijum,Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis,Melomastia beihaiensis,Nemania guangdongensis,Nigrograna thailandica,Nigrospora ficuum,Oxydothis chinensis,O.yunnanensis,Petriella thailandica,Phaeoacremonium chinensis,Phialocephala chinensis,Phytophthora debattistii,Polyplosphaeria nigrospora,Pronectria loweniae,Seriascoma acutispora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Stictis anomianthi,Tarzetta tibetensis,Tarzetta urceolata,Tetraploa obpyriformis,Trichoglossum beninense,and Tricoderma pyrrosiae.We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var.brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology a展开更多
This study delves into the current state and challenges of vocational education through a comparative study of cross-national vocational education and an analysis of the Zhaixing Academy case.The research reveals that...This study delves into the current state and challenges of vocational education through a comparative study of cross-national vocational education and an analysis of the Zhaixing Academy case.The research reveals that vocational education reform can draw on the experiences of the German dual system,American community colleges,and Chinese vocational education reforms,with a focus on informal education pathways,practice-oriented teaching,and flexible training methods.The Zhaixing Academy case demonstrates the application of practice-oriented teaching approaches in the field of vocational education,emphasizing individual student development needs and the advantages of education outside formal institutions,offering new insights and references for the current Chinese education system.The study proposes that governments and education departments should increase investment in vocational education,encourage collaboration between enterprises and vocational education institutions,and support innovative practice-oriented education.In the future,Zhaixing Academy can continue to focus on education reform,expand the realm of practice-oriented education,promote its educational philosophy and methods,and contribute to the diversification and sustainable development of education.展开更多
The safety and immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccines in people living with HIV(PLWH)in real-world studies remain controversial.Thus,we conducted a comprehensive systemat...The safety and immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccines in people living with HIV(PLWH)in real-world studies remain controversial.Thus,we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to address this issue.Data search were conducted from PubMed,Web of Science and EMBASE.Adverse events following vaccination,the risk ratio(RR)of SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG seroconversion and the level of anti–SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were compared between the PLWH group and a healthy control group.A total of 10,582 PLWH from 22 studies were included.In our analysis,the incidence of local or systemic adverse events after the first SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose was not statistically different between PLWH and healthy controls.However,there was a statistical difference after the second dose(RR,0.83;95%CI,0.71–0.98).The seroconversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgGantibodies in PLWH was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group(RR,0.94;95%CI,0.89–0.98;I2=80%,P<0.01).The anti–SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in PLWH after full immunization were also significantly lower than those in the healthy control group(RR,0.91;95%CI,0.85–0.98;I2=81%,P<0.01).The safety and tolerance of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWHare acceptable.However,their immunogenicitymay be impaired to a certain extent,characterized by a lower IgGseroconversion rate and neutralizing antibody titers compared with healthy individuals.These findings should provide guidance for optimizing future COVID-19 vaccination strategies among PLWH.展开更多
Currently,tuberculosis(TB)is the second most lethal disease in the world caused by a single infectious pathogen.Rapid diagnosis of TB is of great importance for its treatment and management.Xpert MTB/RIF is a novel ra...Currently,tuberculosis(TB)is the second most lethal disease in the world caused by a single infectious pathogen.Rapid diagnosis of TB is of great importance for its treatment and management.Xpert MTB/RIF is a novel rapid diagnostic assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB(PTB).Use of the Xpert assay based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)samples is indicated when TB is suspected and sputum smears or cultures are negative.The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Xpert assay based on BALF samples for the diagnosis of PTB.A systematic review of previously published articles was performed,and rel-evant data were extracted.Meta-DiSc 1.4 and Stata 12.0 were used to analyze the data.When Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures were used as the criterion standard,the combined sensitivity of BALF-based Xpert was 0.89(95%CI,0.87–0.91),the specificity was 0.87(95%CI,0.85-0.88),the positive likelihood ratio was 8.28(95%CI,5.39–12.71),the negative likelihood ratio was 0.14(95%CI,0.10–0.19)and the diagnostic ratio was 84.08(95%CI,42.00–168.31).When composite reference standard was used as the criterion standard,the above observations were 0.69(95%CI,0.67–0.72),0.98(95%CI,0.97–0.98),41.40(95%CI,14.56–117.71),0.28(95%CI,0.21–0.37)and 190.47(95%CI,50.56–717.54),respectively.The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was close to 1 for both.Overall,the Xpert MTB/RIF assay based on BALF samples showed high sensitivity and specificity for the diag-nosis of PTB and seems to be a reliable rapid detection method.展开更多
The increasing demands in augmented somatosensory have promoted quantitative sensing to be an emerging need for athletic training/performance evaluation and physical rehabilitation.Neurons for the somatosensory system...The increasing demands in augmented somatosensory have promoted quantitative sensing to be an emerging need for athletic training/performance evaluation and physical rehabilitation.Neurons for the somatosensory system in the human body can capture the information of movements in time but only qualitatively.This work presents an electronic Exo-neuron(EEN)that can spread throughout the limbs for realizing augmented somatosensory by recording both muscular activity and joint motion quantitatively without site constraints or drift instability,even in strenuous activities.Simply based on low-cost liquid metal and clinically used adhesive elastomer,the EEN could be easily fabricated in large areas for limbs.It is thin(~120μm),soft,stretchable(>500%),and conformal and further shows wide applications in sports,rehabilitation,health care,and entertainment.展开更多
Spintronics,exploiting the spin degree of electrons as the information vector,is an attractive field for implementing the beyond Complemetary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)devices.Recently,two-dimensional(2D)material...Spintronics,exploiting the spin degree of electrons as the information vector,is an attractive field for implementing the beyond Complemetary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)devices.Recently,two-dimensional(2D)materials have been drawing tremendous attention in spintronics owing to their distinctive spin-dependent properties,such as the ultralong spin relaxation time of graphene and the spin-valley locking of transition metal dichalcogenides.Moreover,the related heterostructures provide an unprecedented probability of combining the di erent characteristics via proximity e ect,which could remedy the limitation of individual 2D materials.Hence,the proximity engineering has been growing extremely fast and has made significant achievements in the spin injection and manipulation.Nevertheless,there are still challenges toward practical application;for example,the mechanism of spin relaxation in 2D materials is unclear,and the high-effciency spin gating is not yet achieved.In this review,we focus on 2D materials and related heterostructures to systematically summarize the progress of the spin injection,transport,manipulation,and application for information storage and processing.We also highlight the current challenges and future perspectives on the studies of spintronic devices based on 2D materials.展开更多
OBJECTIVES:Proteins are the major component and play a key role in nutritious and therapeutic functions of edible bird’s nest(EBN);however,limited studies have been conducted on the protein due to difficulties in ext...OBJECTIVES:Proteins are the major component and play a key role in nutritious and therapeutic functions of edible bird’s nest(EBN);however,limited studies have been conducted on the protein due to difficulties in extraction,isolation as well as identification.This study aimed to provide comprehensive information for the quality evaluation of EBN peptides,which would be a valuable reference for further study on EBN proteins.METHODS:Here,we developed a quality control method using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)peptide fingerprints deriving from EBN being digested with simulated gastric fluid.The characteristic peptide peaks were collected and identified by LC-MS/MS.RESULTS:The characteristic peptide peaks,corresponding to the protein fragments of acidic mammalian chitinase-like,lysyl oxidase,and Mucin-5AC-like,were identified and quantified.Interestingly,the principal component analysis indicated that the fingerprints were able to discriminate colour of EBN(white/red)and production sites(cave/house)of White EBN on the same weight basis.As proposed by the model developed in this study,Muc-5AC-like and AMCaselike proteins were the markers with the highest discriminative power.CONCLUSIONS:The overall findings suggest that HPLC peptide fingerprints were able to clearly demonstrate peptide profile differences between genuine and adulterated EBN samples;and classify EBN samples by its color and production site.In addition,the protein identification results suggested that Muc-5AC-like protein was the major protein in EBN.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos:81803183,82272779,82003036,82273236)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF0710800,2022YFF0710802)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan province,China(No.2019YFS0230)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(Nos:JCYJ20220530141608020,JCYJ20220530141609021)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province,China(Nos:2214050008970,2019A1515012079)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2023A1515030182)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(No.JCYJ20220530141608020)BioRender was used to create the figures.
文摘Macrophages exist in various tissues,several body cavities,and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and cancers.Macrophages possess binary M1/M2 macrophage polarization settings,which perform a central role in an array of immune tasks via intrinsic signal cascades and,therefore,must be precisely regulated.Many crucial questions about macrophage signaling and immune modulation are yet to be uncovered.In addition,the clinical importance of tumor-associated macrophages is becoming more widely recognized as significant progress has been made in understanding their biology.Moreover,they are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment,playing a part in the regulation of a wide variety of processes including angiogenesis,extracellular matrix transformation,cancer cell proliferation,metastasis,immunosuppression,and resistance to chemotherapeutic and checkpoint blockade immunotherapies.Herein,we discuss immune regulation in macrophage polarization and signaling,mechanical stresses and modulation,metabolic signaling pathways,mitochondrial and transcriptional,and epigenetic regulation.Furthermore,we have broadly extended the understanding of macrophages in extracellular traps and the essential roles of autophagy and aging in regulating macrophage functions.Moreover,we discussed recent advances in macrophages-mediated immune regulation of autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis.Lastly,we discussed targeted macrophage therapy to portray prospective targets for therapeutic strategies in health and diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21902085,51572157 and 82002793)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019QF012,ZR2020QH183 and ZR2019BEM024)+1 种基金Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190807093205660 and JCYJ20190807092803583)the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU(SKLSP202108).
文摘The pernicious bacterial proliferation and emergence of super-resistant bacteria have already posed a great threat to public health,which drives researchers to develop antibiotic-free strategies to eradicate these fierce microbes.Although enormous achievements have already been achieved,it remains an arduous challenge to realize efficient sterilization to cut off the drug resistance generation.Recently,photothermal therapy(PTT)has emerged as a promising solution to efficiently damage the integrity of pathogenic bacteria based on hyperthermia beyond their tolerance.Until now,numerous photothermal agents have been studied for antimicrobial PTT.Among them,MXenes(a type of two-dimensional transition metal carbides or nitrides)are extensively investigated as one of the most promising candidates due to their high aspect ratio,atomic-thin thickness,excellent photothermal performance,low cytotoxicity,and ultrahigh dispersibility in aqueous systems.Besides,the enormous application scenarios using their antibacterial properties can be tailored via elaborated designs of MXenes-based materials.In this review,the synthetic approaches and textural properties of MXenes have been systematically presented first,and then the photothermal properties and sterilization mechanisms using MXenes-based materials are documented.Subsequently,recent progress in diverse fields making use of the photothermal and antibacterial performances of MXenes-based materials are well summarized to reveal the potential applications of these materials for various purposes,including in vitro and in vivo sterilization,solar water evaporation and purification,and flexible antibacterial fabrics.Last but not least,the current challenges and future perspectives are discussed to provide theoretical guidance for the fabrication of efficient antimicrobial systems using MXenes.
基金CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for Young Staff 2019-2021(grant number 2019FY0003)the Research Fund from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y71B283261)+15 种基金the Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(Grant No.Y836181261)National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project code 31850410489 for financial research supportthe Foreign Experts Bureau of Yunnan Province,Foreign Talents Program(2018,Grant No.YNZ2018002)Thailand Research grants entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans(Grant No:RSA5980068)the future of specialist fungi in a changing climate:baseline data for generalist and specialist fungi associated with ants,Rhododendron species and Dracaena species(Grant No:DBG6080013)Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion(Grant No:RDG6130001)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SMC014)the National Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences for financial support under the following grants:41761144055,41771063 and Y4ZK111B01the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS(Belgium)for travel grantsCAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Grant No.2018PC0006)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC,project code 31750110478)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Grant No.2019PC0008)supported under the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.the Kerala State Council for Science,Technology and Environment(KSCSTE)in the form of a PhD fellowship(Grant No.001/FSHP/2011/CSTE)the Principal Chief Conservator of forests,Kerala State,for granting permission(No.WL10-4937/2012,dated 03-10-2013)to collect agarics from the forests of Keralathe Council of Scientific&Industrial Research
文摘This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera,74 new species,three new combinations,two reference specimens,a re-circumscription of the epitype,and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections,new hosts and new geographical distributions.Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora,Brunneomurispora,Liua,Lonicericola,Neoeutypella,Paratrimmatostroma,Parazalerion,Proliferophorum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis,Septomelanconiella,Velebitea and Vicosamyces.Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius,A.langensis,Aleurodiscus patagonicus,Amanita flavoalba,A.subtropicana,Amphisphaeria mangrovei,Baorangia major,Bartalinia kunmingensis,Brunneofusispora sinensis,Brunneomurispora lonicerae,Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis,Clavulina thindii,Coniochaeta simbalensis,Conlarium thailandense,Coprinus trigonosporus,Liua muriformis,Cyphellophora filicis,Cytospora ulmicola,Dacrymyces invisibilis,Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis,Distoseptispora thysanolaenae,Emericellopsis koreana,Galiicola baoshanensis,Hygrocybe lucida,Hypoxylon teeravasati,Hyweljonesia indica,Keissleriella caraganae,Lactarius olivaceopallidus,Lactifluus midnapurensis,Lembosia brigadeirensis,Leptosphaeria urticae,Lonicericola hyaloseptispora,Lophiotrema mucilaginosis,Marasmiellus bicoloripes,Marasmius indojasminodorus,Micropeltis phetchaburiensis,Mucor orantomantidis,Murilentithecium lonicerae,Neobambusicola brunnea,Neoeutypella baoshanensis,Neoroussoella heveae,Neosetophoma lonicerae,Ophiobolus malleolus,Parabambusicola thysanolaenae,Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis,Parazalerion indica,Penicillium dokdoense,Peroneutypa mangrovei,Phaeosphaeria cycadis,Phanerochaete australosanguinea,Plectosphaerella kunmingensis,Plenodomus artemisiae,P.lijiangensis,Proliferophorum thailandicum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana,Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus,Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae,Robillarda mangif
基金Supported by the Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y14408)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JC201005270293A,JC201104220257A and 201101017)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81471738)
文摘Objective： To explore brain activations associated with electroacupuncture simulation at Tongli（HT 5） and its comparison with brain activations during picture-naming task. Methods： Twenty healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Half of them received electroacupuncture stimulation at HT 5（ACUP group） and the other half of them received stimulation at a nonmeridian sham acupoint（SHAM group）. All subjects performed picture-naming task. Each subject finished two runs of functional magnetic resonance imaging examinations in one session and picture-naming task was performed before electroacupuncture stimulation. Subjective brain activations were obtained using generalized linear model and inter-group analyses were performed after that. Results： The electroacupuncture stimulation at HT 5 induced significant brain activations in both the anterior and posterior language regions, including the left inferior frontal gyrus, which was in consistent with activations induced during picture-naming task. Group analysis showed a tendency of increased activation of ACUP group in left inferior frontal gyrus compared with SHAM group（P〈0.05 FDR corrected）. Conclusions： Electroacupuncture treatment at the acupoint HT 5 has modulation effect on typical language-implicated brain regions in healthy subjects, which provides supporting evidence for beneficial effects of needling at HT 5 for recovery of language function in aphasia.
基金funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK (Grant No.GR/R91588)
文摘Three dimensional （3D） DEM （discrete element method） simulations of drained triaxial compression and plane strain tests are presented for both dense and loose assemblies of polydisperse spheres using a periodic cell. In the work reported, drained tests were modelled by deforming the samples under constant mean stress conditions. The drained behaviour is shown to be qualitatively similar to published physical experimental results. The Bishop＇s formula for the estimation of the intermediate principal stress is evaluated. The existence of critical density is shown to be independent of initial packing densities and strain conditions. Different failure criteria have been compared based on the DEM simulation results, and the Lade criterion is found to be the most appropriate one. A new microscopic fabric parameter is introduced to give insight to structural anisotropy under general 3D fabric conditions. It is found that two parameters characterize the evolution of the stress and fabric respectively independent of strain conditions.
基金supported by the Health and Medical Research Fund of the Food and Health Bureau of Hong Kong(03140636)and the donation fund from Mr Yip WT and Mrs Yip。
文摘Background Understanding the evolution of circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the high-risk population has important implications for the prevention of bipolar disorder.Nevertheless,some of the previous studies on the emergence of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction among high-risk populations were inconsistent and limited.Aims To examine the prevalence rates of sleep and circadian dysfunctions,mental disorders and their symptoms in the offspring of parents with(O-BD)and without bipolar disorder(O-control).Methods The study included 191 O-BD and 202 O-control subjects aged 6-21 years from the Greater Bay Area,China.The diagnoses and symptoms of sleep/circadian rhythm and mental disorders were assessed by the Diagnostic Interview for Sleep Patterns and Disorders,and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version,respectively.Generalised estimating equations and shared frailty proportional hazards models of survival analysis were applied to compare the outcomes in the offspring.Results Adjusting for age,sex and region of recruitment,there was a significantly higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms(9.55%vs 2.58%,adjusted OR:4.04)in O-BD than in O-control.O-BD had a nearly fivefold higher risk of mood disorders(11.70%vs 3.47%,adjusted OR:4.68)and social anxiety(6.28%vs 1.49%,adjusted OR:4.70),a fourfold higher risk of depressive disorders(11.17%vs 3.47%,adjusted OR:3.99)and a threefold higher risk of mood symptoms(20.74%vs 10.40%,adjusted OR:2.59)than O-control.Subgroup analysis revealed that O-BD children(aged under 12 years)had a nearly 2-fold higher risk of any mental and behavioural symptoms than O-control,while there was a nearly 4-fold higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms,a 7.5-fold higher risk of social anxiety and a 3-fold higher risk of mood symptoms in O-BD adolescents(aged 12 years and over).Conclusions There was an increase in delayed sleep phase symptoms in O-BD adolescents compared with their control counterp
文摘To the Editor:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorders.[1]The severity of PD-related motor symptoms is usually semiquantitatively(“normal”,“slight”,“mild”,“moderate”,and“severe”)evaluated by expert physicians according to the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III(MDS-UPDRS III).[2]However,the MDS-UPDRS III is semiquantitative and subjective,which might mask mild treatment effects or even provide false-positive results.
文摘Background:Light at night(LAN)has become a concern in interdisciplinary research in recent years.This global interdisciplinary study aimed to explore the exposure-lag-response association between LAN exposure and lung cancer incidence.Methods:LAN data were obtained from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System.Data of lung cancer incidence,socio-demographic index,and smoking prevalence of populations in 201 countries/territories from 1992 to 2018 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study.Spearman correlation tests and population-weighted linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between LAN exposure and lung cancer incidence.A distributed lag nonlinear model(DLNM)was used to assess the exposure-lag effects of LAN exposure on lung cancer incidence.Results:The Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.286-0.355 and the population-weighted linear regression correlation coefficients were 0.361-0.527.After adjustment for socio-demographic index and smoking preva-lence,the Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.264-0.357 and the population-weighted linear regression correlation coefficients were 0.346-0.497.In the DLNM,the maximum relative risk was 1.04(1.02-1.06)at LAN exposure of 8.6 with a 2.6-year lag time.After adjustment for socio-demographic index and smoking prevalence,the maximum relative risk was 1.05(1.02-1.07)at LAN exposure of 8.6 with a 2.4-year lag time.Conclusion:High LAN exposure was associated with increased lung cancer incidence,and this effect had a specific lag period.Compared with traditional individual-level studies,this group-level study provides a novel paradigm of effective,efficient,and scalable screening for risk factors.
基金the Key Special Project of the Shandong Provincial Federation of Social Sciences on Humanities and Social Sciences“Risk Assessment and Prevention Mechanisms of‘Social Phobias’Phenomenon among College Students from the Perspective of Healthy China”(No.2023-zkzd-030)Special Task Project of Humanities and Social Science Research of the Ministry of Education in 2023(Research on University Counselors)(No.23JDSZ3080).
文摘Objectives:To explore the relationship between college students’self-esteem(SE)and their social phobia(SP),as well as the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation(FNE)and the moderating effect of perfectionism.Methods:A convenience sampling survey was carried out for 1020 college students from Shandong Province of China,utilizing measures of college students’self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,perfectionism,and social phobia.Data analysis was performed using the SPSS PROCESS macro.Results:(1)college students’self-esteem significantly and negatively predicts their social phobia(β=−0.31,t=−10.10,p<0.001);(2)fear of negative evaluation partially mediates the relation between self-esteem and social phobia among college students,with the mediating effect accounting for 48.97%of the total effect(TE);(3)the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation is moderated by perfectionism(β=0.18,t=7.75,p<0.001),where higher levels of perfectionism strengthen the mediating effect of fear of negative evaluation.Conclusions:Perfectionism moderates the mediating effect that fear of negative evaluation plays,establishing a moderated mediating model.
基金The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),No.2019QZKK0608。
文摘In this study,the interplay between ecosystem services and human well-being in Seni district,which is a pastoral region of Nagqu city on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is investigated.Employing the improved InVEST model,CASA model,coupling coordination model,and hierarchical clustering method,we analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem services,the levels of resident well-being levels,and the interrelationships between these factors over the period from 2000 to 2018.Our findings reveal significant changes in six ecosystem services,with water production decreasing by 7.1%and carbon sequestration and soil conservation services increasing by approximately 6.3%and 14.6%,respectively.Both the habitat quality and landscape recreation services remained stable.Spatially,the towns in the eastern and southern areas exhibited higher water production and soil conservation services,while those in the central area exhibited greater carbon sequestration services.The coupling and coordination relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being improved significantly over the study period,evolving from low-level coupling to coordinated coupling.Hierarchical clustering was used to classify the 12 town-level units into five categories.Low subjective well-being townships had lower livestock breeding services,while high subjective well-being townships had higher supply,regulation,and support ecosystem services.Good transportation conditions were associated with higher subjective well-being in townships with low supply services.We recommend addressing the identified transportation disparities and enhancing key regulatory and livestock breeding services to promote regional sustainability and improve the quality of life for Seni district residents,thus catering to the diverse needs of both herdsmen and citizens.
基金supported by Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone Shenzhen Park (Project HZQBKCZYB-2020030)National Key R&D Program of China (Project 2017YFA0204403)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project 51590892)the Major Program of Changsha Science and Technology (Project kh2003023)the Innovation and Technology Commission of HKSAR through Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre,and the City University of Hong Kong (Project 9667207)。
文摘Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy(SERS)is a nondestructive technique for rapid detection of analytes even at the single-molecule level.However,highly sensitive and reliable SERS substrates are mostly fabricated with complex nanofabrication techniques,greatly restricting their practical applications.A convenient electrochemical method for transforming the surface of commercial gold wires/foils into silver-alloyed nanostructures is demonstrated in this report.Au substrates are treated with repetitive anodic and cathodic bias in an electrolyte of thiourea,in a one-pot one-step manner.X-rays absorption fine structure(XAFS)spectroscopy confirms that the AuAg alloy is induced at the surface.The unique AuAg alloyed surface nanostructures are particularly advantageous when served as SERS substrates,enabling a remarkably sensitive detection of Rhodamine B(a detection limit of 10^(-14)M,and uniform strong response throughout the substrates at 10^(-12)M).
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.ZR2020MF063)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61873332)。
文摘For a class of discrete-time singular stochastic systems with multi-state delay,the stabilization problem of receding horizon control(RHC)is concerned.Due to the difficulty in solving the proposed optimization problem,the RHC stabilization for such systems has not been solved.By adopting the forward and backward equation technique,the optimization problem is solved completely.A sufficient and necessary condition for the optimization controller to have a unique solution is given when the regularization and pulse-free conditions are satisfied.Based on this controller,an RHC stabilization condition is derived,which is in the form of linear matrix inequality.It is proved that the singular stochastic system with multi-state delay is stable in the mean-square sense under appropriate assumptions when the terminal weighting matrix satisfies the given inequality.Numerical examples show that the proposed RHC method is effective in stabilizing singular stochastic systems with multi-state delay.
文摘Chronic pain lasting more than 3 mo,or even several years can lead to disability.Treating chronic pain safely and effectively is a critical challenge faced by clinicians.Because administration of analgesics through oral,intravenous or intramuscular routes is not satisfactory,research toward percutaneous delivery has gained interest.The transdermal patch is one such percutaneous delivery system that can deliver drugs through the skin and capillaries at a certain rate to achieve a systemic or local therapeutic effect in the affected area.It has many advantages including ease of administration and hepatic first pass metabolism avoidance as well as controlling drug delivery,which reduces the dose frequency and side effects.If not required,then the patch can be removed from the skin immediately.The scopolamine patch was the first transdermal patch to be approved for the treatment of motion sickness by the Food and Drug Administration in 1979.From then on,the transdermal patch has been widely used to treat many diseases.To date,no guidelines or consensus are available on the use of analgesic drugs through transdermal delivery.The pain branch of the Chinese Medical Association,after meeting and discussing with experts and based on clinical evidence,developed a consensus for promoting and regulating standard use of transdermal patches containing analgesic drugs.
文摘This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family,five new genera,61 new species,five new combinations,one synonym,one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions.Ageratinicolaceae fam.nov.is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales.The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola,Kevinia,Pseudomultiseptospora(Parabambusicolaceae),Marasmiellomycena,and Vizzinia(Porotheleaceae).Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus,Ageratinicola kunmingensis,Allocryptovalsa aceris,Allophoma yuccae,Apiospora cannae,A.elliptica,A.pallidesporae,Boeremia wisteriae,Calycina papaeana,Clypeo-coccum lichenostigmoides,Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii,Cryphonectria kunmingensis,Diaporthe angustiapiculata,D.campylandrae,D.longipapillata,Diatrypella guangdongense,Dothiorella franceschinii,Endocalyx phoenicis,Epicoc-cum terminosporum,Fulvifomes karaiensis,F.pannaensis,Ganoderma ghatensis,Hysterobrevium baoshanense,Inocybe avellaneorosea,I.lucida,Jahnula oblonga,Kevinia lignicola,Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis,Laboulbenia caprina,L.clavulata,L.cobiae,L.cosmodisci,L.nilotica,L.omalii,L.robusta,L.similis,L.stigmatophora,Laccaria rubriporus,Lasiodiplodia morindae,Lyophyllum agnijum,Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis,Melomastia beihaiensis,Nemania guangdongensis,Nigrograna thailandica,Nigrospora ficuum,Oxydothis chinensis,O.yunnanensis,Petriella thailandica,Phaeoacremonium chinensis,Phialocephala chinensis,Phytophthora debattistii,Polyplosphaeria nigrospora,Pronectria loweniae,Seriascoma acutispora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Stictis anomianthi,Tarzetta tibetensis,Tarzetta urceolata,Tetraploa obpyriformis,Trichoglossum beninense,and Tricoderma pyrrosiae.We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var.brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology a
文摘This study delves into the current state and challenges of vocational education through a comparative study of cross-national vocational education and an analysis of the Zhaixing Academy case.The research reveals that vocational education reform can draw on the experiences of the German dual system,American community colleges,and Chinese vocational education reforms,with a focus on informal education pathways,practice-oriented teaching,and flexible training methods.The Zhaixing Academy case demonstrates the application of practice-oriented teaching approaches in the field of vocational education,emphasizing individual student development needs and the advantages of education outside formal institutions,offering new insights and references for the current Chinese education system.The study proposes that governments and education departments should increase investment in vocational education,encourage collaboration between enterprises and vocational education institutions,and support innovative practice-oriented education.In the future,Zhaixing Academy can continue to focus on education reform,expand the realm of practice-oriented education,promote its educational philosophy and methods,and contribute to the diversification and sustainable development of education.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971927)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0203100,2021YFC2300103)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2021B1212040017)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen City(JCYJ20190807155009482,JSGG20200225152008136,JCYJ20200109142601702)the Sanming Project ofMedicine in Shenzhen Nanshan(No.SZSM202103008)the Key Subject of Nanshan district of Shenzhen for AIDS surveillance and prevention.The funders had no role in study design,data collection or analysis,decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘The safety and immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccines in people living with HIV(PLWH)in real-world studies remain controversial.Thus,we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to address this issue.Data search were conducted from PubMed,Web of Science and EMBASE.Adverse events following vaccination,the risk ratio(RR)of SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG seroconversion and the level of anti–SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were compared between the PLWH group and a healthy control group.A total of 10,582 PLWH from 22 studies were included.In our analysis,the incidence of local or systemic adverse events after the first SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose was not statistically different between PLWH and healthy controls.However,there was a statistical difference after the second dose(RR,0.83;95%CI,0.71–0.98).The seroconversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgGantibodies in PLWH was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group(RR,0.94;95%CI,0.89–0.98;I2=80%,P<0.01).The anti–SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in PLWH after full immunization were also significantly lower than those in the healthy control group(RR,0.91;95%CI,0.85–0.98;I2=81%,P<0.01).The safety and tolerance of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWHare acceptable.However,their immunogenicitymay be impaired to a certain extent,characterized by a lower IgGseroconversion rate and neutralizing antibody titers compared with healthy individuals.These findings should provide guidance for optimizing future COVID-19 vaccination strategies among PLWH.
文摘Currently,tuberculosis(TB)is the second most lethal disease in the world caused by a single infectious pathogen.Rapid diagnosis of TB is of great importance for its treatment and management.Xpert MTB/RIF is a novel rapid diagnostic assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB(PTB).Use of the Xpert assay based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)samples is indicated when TB is suspected and sputum smears or cultures are negative.The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Xpert assay based on BALF samples for the diagnosis of PTB.A systematic review of previously published articles was performed,and rel-evant data were extracted.Meta-DiSc 1.4 and Stata 12.0 were used to analyze the data.When Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures were used as the criterion standard,the combined sensitivity of BALF-based Xpert was 0.89(95%CI,0.87–0.91),the specificity was 0.87(95%CI,0.85-0.88),the positive likelihood ratio was 8.28(95%CI,5.39–12.71),the negative likelihood ratio was 0.14(95%CI,0.10–0.19)and the diagnostic ratio was 84.08(95%CI,42.00–168.31).When composite reference standard was used as the criterion standard,the above observations were 0.69(95%CI,0.67–0.72),0.98(95%CI,0.97–0.98),41.40(95%CI,14.56–117.71),0.28(95%CI,0.21–0.37)and 190.47(95%CI,50.56–717.54),respectively.The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was close to 1 for both.Overall,the Xpert MTB/RIF assay based on BALF samples showed high sensitivity and specificity for the diag-nosis of PTB and seems to be a reliable rapid detection method.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200800,2018YFA0902600,and 2022YFB3804700)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20190929172743294 and JCYJ20200109141231365)+7 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22234004,21535001,81730051,82102212,61903181,and 32071390)Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SLH039 and 121D11KYSB20170026)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering(ZDSYS20200811144003009)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials(2022B1212010003)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2019ZT08Y191)Guangdong Major Talent Introduction Project(2019CX01Y196)GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology(2020GN0110)Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE for financial support.
文摘The increasing demands in augmented somatosensory have promoted quantitative sensing to be an emerging need for athletic training/performance evaluation and physical rehabilitation.Neurons for the somatosensory system in the human body can capture the information of movements in time but only qualitatively.This work presents an electronic Exo-neuron(EEN)that can spread throughout the limbs for realizing augmented somatosensory by recording both muscular activity and joint motion quantitatively without site constraints or drift instability,even in strenuous activities.Simply based on low-cost liquid metal and clinically used adhesive elastomer,the EEN could be easily fabricated in large areas for limbs.It is thin(~120μm),soft,stretchable(>500%),and conformal and further shows wide applications in sports,rehabilitation,health care,and entertainment.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61775241)the Youth Innovation Team(Grant No:2019012)of CSU+3 种基金the Hunan province key research and development project(Grant No:2019GK2233)Hunan Province Graduate Research and Innovation Project(Grant No:CX20190177)the Science and Technology Innovation Basic Research Project of Shenzhen(Grant No.JCYJ20180307151237242)the funding support from the Australian Research Council(ARC Discovery Project,DP180102976).
文摘Spintronics,exploiting the spin degree of electrons as the information vector,is an attractive field for implementing the beyond Complemetary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)devices.Recently,two-dimensional(2D)materials have been drawing tremendous attention in spintronics owing to their distinctive spin-dependent properties,such as the ultralong spin relaxation time of graphene and the spin-valley locking of transition metal dichalcogenides.Moreover,the related heterostructures provide an unprecedented probability of combining the di erent characteristics via proximity e ect,which could remedy the limitation of individual 2D materials.Hence,the proximity engineering has been growing extremely fast and has made significant achievements in the spin injection and manipulation.Nevertheless,there are still challenges toward practical application;for example,the mechanism of spin relaxation in 2D materials is unclear,and the high-effciency spin gating is not yet achieved.In this review,we focus on 2D materials and related heterostructures to systematically summarize the progress of the spin injection,transport,manipulation,and application for information storage and processing.We also highlight the current challenges and future perspectives on the studies of spintronic devices based on 2D materials.
基金This research was supported by the grants of Hong Kong Research Grants Council TBS(T13-607/12R),GRF(661110,662911,660411,663012,662713),ITC(UIM/254),TUYF12SC02,TUYF12SC03,TUYF15SC01,The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust(HKJCCT12SC01)Foundation of The Awareness of Nature(TAON12SC01),SRFDP and RGC ERG Joint Fund(2013009614001/M-HKUST604/13)to Karl Wah-Keung TsimNational Natural Science Foundation Item(81173498)to Xiao-Ping Lai.
文摘OBJECTIVES:Proteins are the major component and play a key role in nutritious and therapeutic functions of edible bird’s nest(EBN);however,limited studies have been conducted on the protein due to difficulties in extraction,isolation as well as identification.This study aimed to provide comprehensive information for the quality evaluation of EBN peptides,which would be a valuable reference for further study on EBN proteins.METHODS:Here,we developed a quality control method using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)peptide fingerprints deriving from EBN being digested with simulated gastric fluid.The characteristic peptide peaks were collected and identified by LC-MS/MS.RESULTS:The characteristic peptide peaks,corresponding to the protein fragments of acidic mammalian chitinase-like,lysyl oxidase,and Mucin-5AC-like,were identified and quantified.Interestingly,the principal component analysis indicated that the fingerprints were able to discriminate colour of EBN(white/red)and production sites(cave/house)of White EBN on the same weight basis.As proposed by the model developed in this study,Muc-5AC-like and AMCaselike proteins were the markers with the highest discriminative power.CONCLUSIONS:The overall findings suggest that HPLC peptide fingerprints were able to clearly demonstrate peptide profile differences between genuine and adulterated EBN samples;and classify EBN samples by its color and production site.In addition,the protein identification results suggested that Muc-5AC-like protein was the major protein in EBN.
