Cholelithiasis is a common digestive disease affecting 10%to 15%of adults.It imposes significant global health and financial burdens.However,the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis involves several factors and is incomplet...Cholelithiasis is a common digestive disease affecting 10%to 15%of adults.It imposes significant global health and financial burdens.However,the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis involves several factors and is incompletely elucidated.In addition to genetic predisposition and hepatic hypersecretion,the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis might involve the gastrointestinal(GI)microbiome,consisting of microorganisms and their metabolites.High-throughput sequencing studies have elucidated the role of bile,gallstones,and the fecal microbiome in cholelithiasis,associating microbiota dysbiosis with gallstone formation.The GI microbiome may drive cholelithogenesis by regulating bile acid metabolism and related signaling pathways.This review examines the literature implicating the GI microbiome in cholelithiasis,specifically gallbladder stones,choledocholithiasis,and asymptomatic gallstones.We also discuss alterations of the GI microbiome and its influence on cholelithogenesis.展开更多
To the Editor:Increasing attention is being paid to preventing ulcerative colitis(UC)-associated carcinogenesis.The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the intestinal barrier and immune functi...To the Editor:Increasing attention is being paid to preventing ulcerative colitis(UC)-associated carcinogenesis.The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the intestinal barrier and immune function.Probiotic mixture VSL#3,that was bought from Sigma-Tau pharmaceuticals(De Simone Formulation)in May 2015,is a mixture of Lactobacillus casei,L.plantarum,L.acidophilus,L.delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus,Bifidobacterium longum,B.breve,B.infantis and Streptococcus salivarius andcontains 4.5 billion live bacterialcolonies.i Previous studies have shown that VSL#3 can help induce and maintain UC remission.The effects of probiotics on UC-associated carcinogenesis are difficult to observe clinically;therefore,mouse models are often used to study this disease.Previous studies have shown that azoxymethane(AOM)combined with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)can quickly induce a UC-associated carcinogenesis model.展开更多
文摘Cholelithiasis is a common digestive disease affecting 10%to 15%of adults.It imposes significant global health and financial burdens.However,the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis involves several factors and is incompletely elucidated.In addition to genetic predisposition and hepatic hypersecretion,the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis might involve the gastrointestinal(GI)microbiome,consisting of microorganisms and their metabolites.High-throughput sequencing studies have elucidated the role of bile,gallstones,and the fecal microbiome in cholelithiasis,associating microbiota dysbiosis with gallstone formation.The GI microbiome may drive cholelithogenesis by regulating bile acid metabolism and related signaling pathways.This review examines the literature implicating the GI microbiome in cholelithiasis,specifically gallbladder stones,choledocholithiasis,and asymptomatic gallstones.We also discuss alterations of the GI microbiome and its influence on cholelithogenesis.
基金The study was funded by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81370500 and 81770559)。
文摘To the Editor:Increasing attention is being paid to preventing ulcerative colitis(UC)-associated carcinogenesis.The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the intestinal barrier and immune function.Probiotic mixture VSL#3,that was bought from Sigma-Tau pharmaceuticals(De Simone Formulation)in May 2015,is a mixture of Lactobacillus casei,L.plantarum,L.acidophilus,L.delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus,Bifidobacterium longum,B.breve,B.infantis and Streptococcus salivarius andcontains 4.5 billion live bacterialcolonies.i Previous studies have shown that VSL#3 can help induce and maintain UC remission.The effects of probiotics on UC-associated carcinogenesis are difficult to observe clinically;therefore,mouse models are often used to study this disease.Previous studies have shown that azoxymethane(AOM)combined with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)can quickly induce a UC-associated carcinogenesis model.
