There has been a considerable development in microfluidic based immunodiagnostics over the past few years which has greatly favored the growth of novel point-of-care-testing(POCT).However,the realization of an inexpen...There has been a considerable development in microfluidic based immunodiagnostics over the past few years which has greatly favored the growth of novel point-of-care-testing(POCT).However,the realization of an inexpensive,low-power POCT needs cheap and disposable microfluidic devices that can perform autonomously with minimum user intervention.This work,for the first time,reports the development of a new microchannel capillary flow assay(MCFA)platform that can perform chemiluminescence based ELISA with lyophilized chemiluminescent reagents.This new MCFA platform exploits the ultra-high sensitivity of chemiluminescent detection while eliminating the shortcomings associated with liquid reagent handling,control of assay sequence and user intervention.The functionally designed microchannels along with adequate hydrophilicity produce a sequential flow of assay reagents and autonomously performs the ultra-high sensitive chemiluminescence based ELISA for the detection of malaria biomarker such as PfHRP2.The MCFA platform with no external flow control and simple chemiluminescence detection can easily communicate with smartphone via USB-OTG port using a custom-designed optical detector.The use of the smartphone for display,data transfer,storage and analysis,as well as the source of power allows the development of a smartphone based POCT analyzer for disease diagnostics.This paper reports a limit of detection(LOD)of 8 ng/mL by the smartphone analyzer which is sensitive enough to detect active malarial infection.The MCFA platform developed with the smartphone analyzer can be easily customized for different biomarkers,so a hand-held POCT for various infectious diseases can be envisaged with full networking capability at low cost.展开更多
Glycine max is a photoperiodic short-day plant and the practical consequence of the response is latitude and sowing period limitations to commercial crops. Genetic and physiological studies using the model plants Arab...Glycine max is a photoperiodic short-day plant and the practical consequence of the response is latitude and sowing period limitations to commercial crops. Genetic and physiological studies using the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and rice （Oryza sativa） have uncovered several genes and genetic pathways controlling the process, however information about the corresponding pathways in legumes is scarce. Data mining prediction methodologies, including multiple sequence alignment, phylogeneUc analysis, bioinformaUcs expression and sequence motif pattern identification, were used to identify soybean genes involved in day length perception and photoperiodic flowering induction. We have investigated approximately 330 000 sequences from open-access databases and have identified all bona fide central oscillator genes and circadian photoreceptors from A. thaliana in soybean sequence databases. We propose a working model for the photoperiodic control of flowering time in G. max, based on the identified key components. These results demonstrate the power of comparative genomics between model systems and crop species to elucidate the several aspects of plant physiology and metabolism.展开更多
Endophytic bacteria may influence agricultural production in several ways, including promoting plant growth. Two experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the combination of endophytic bacteria from the Brazilia...Endophytic bacteria may influence agricultural production in several ways, including promoting plant growth. Two experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the combination of endophytic bacteria from the Brazilian Northeast region aims at the commercial introduction of the inoculation of these bacteria in micropropagated sugarcane plants using a temporary immersion bioreactor. One experiment was done in tubes with sterile commercial substrate, and the other was done in pots with soil;both were installed in a greenhouse. A mixed inoculation was performed in six inoculated endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in micropropagated sugarcane plants, variety RB92579. In the experiment with soil, the mixed inoculation significantly increased the shoot dry matter of plants without the addition of nitrogen fertilizer. However, the accumulation of total-N in the tissues showed no significant differences between treatments with and without nitrogen fertilization. The evaluation of micropropagated seedlings showed no increases in the parameters tested. The results showed that the response of inoculation in temporary immersion bioreactor micropropagation is possible, and that the application of homologous strains may have contributed to a better response by the interaction of endophytic bacteria with sugarcane RB92579. Further studies should be conducted to improve the methodology, which indicates a great potential to optimize this process on a commercial scale.展开更多
The combined effect of micro-alloying with Si and Ge and/or plastic deformation prior to ageing at 160°C on age hardening has been studied in an Al-2 at% Cu alloy. The results obtained indicate that the hardness ...The combined effect of micro-alloying with Si and Ge and/or plastic deformation prior to ageing at 160°C on age hardening has been studied in an Al-2 at% Cu alloy. The results obtained indicate that the hardness response is faster and the peak hardness is higher when plastic deformation and micro-alloying are applied together than performing each procedure individually. Different amounts of deformation, ranging from 0% to 30% have been utilized. An optimum deformation degree for the hardening response has been established around 8% for the Al-Cu-Si-Ge alloy. Characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the peak hardness is due to a complex microstructure that contained θ" disc shaped precipitates, rod-shaped Si-Ge precipitates and θ' plates that were heterogeneously nucleated on the Si-Ge particles. Pre-deformation has been found to stimulate the growth of the θ' plates due to enhanced diffusion along dislocation cores. Increasing deformation reduces the influence of the Si-Ge precipitates on heterogeneous nucleation, leading to reduced peak hardness and faster over-ageing.展开更多
Shale water as a by-product obtained by Petrobras, Brazil, during the process of extraction of petroleum from fossil rock may act as an inducer of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) to some plant pathogens. The object...Shale water as a by-product obtained by Petrobras, Brazil, during the process of extraction of petroleum from fossil rock may act as an inducer of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) to some plant pathogens. The objective of the present investigation was to verify the effect of seed treatment and foliar application with shale water in inducing SAR of soybean to soybean rust under greenhouse and field conditions. In greenhouse experiments, seed treatment alone with shale water significantly reduced the severity of soybean rust and the control efficiency after 11 and 14 days after inoculation was between 54.1% and 57.8%. Whereas seed treatment and only one foliar application with shale water the control efficiency due to SAR 14 and 11 days after inoculation was between 99.7% and 100%, respectively. Such treatments gave similar results under field experiments where the control efficiency of soybean rust was between 79.0% and 99.35% in shale water treated plots as compared to the untreated plots, in 2015. Consequently, this resulted in yield increase between 14.8% and 28.8% depending upon the seed treatment and foliar applications with shale water alone or in mixture with a fungicide. Seed health testing revealed lower number of seeds infected with some pathogens in treatments where either shale water or fungicide was used. Seed treatment and one foliar application were sufficient to induce SAR against soybean rust. This is the first report to demonstrate SAR of soybean to soybean rust induced by shale water. Patent regarding this investigation is deposited with Petrobras, Brazil, under the number EVP 14/022.展开更多
AIM: To determine the possible association of the ApoB100 (Xba Ⅰ ), ApoE (Hha Ⅰ ) and CYP7A1 (Bsa Ⅰ ) gene polymorphisms, with the development of cholesterol gallstone disease (GD) in a Mexican population. METHODS:...AIM: To determine the possible association of the ApoB100 (Xba Ⅰ ), ApoE (Hha Ⅰ ) and CYP7A1 (Bsa Ⅰ ) gene polymorphisms, with the development of cholesterol gallstone disease (GD) in a Mexican population. METHODS: The polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism, in two groups matched by ethnicity, age and sex: patients with GD (n = 101) and stone-free control subjects (n = 101). RESULTS: Allelic frequencies in patients and controls were: 34.16% vs 41.58% (P = 0.124) for X+of ApoB-100; 4.46% vs 5.94% (P = 0.501) for E2, 85.64% vs 78.22% (P = 0.052) for E3, 9.90% vs 15.84% (P = 0.075) for E4 of ApoE; and 25.74% vs 27.72% (P = 0.653) for C of CYP7A1. Differences in genotypic frequencies between the studied groups were not significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that no association exists between the studied polymorphisms and cholelithiasis in this high prevalent population.展开更多
Considering the recommended indications for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication therapy and the broad spectrum of available diagnostic methods,a reliable diagnosis is mandatory both before and after eradication t...Considering the recommended indications for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication therapy and the broad spectrum of available diagnostic methods,a reliable diagnosis is mandatory both before and after eradication therapy.Only highly accurate tests should be used in clinical practice,and the sensitivity and specificity of an adequate test should exceed 90%.The choice of tests should take into account clinical circumstances,the likelihood ratio of positive and negative tests,the cost-effectiveness of the testing strategy and the availability of the tests.This review concerns some of the most recent developments in diagnostic methods of H.pylori infection,namely the contribution of novel endoscopic evaluation methodologies for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection,such as magnifying endoscopy techniques and chromoendoscopy.In addition,the diagnostic contribution of histology and the urea breath test was explored recently in specific clinical settings and patient groups.Recent studies recommend enhancing the number of biopsy fragments for the rapid urease test.Bacterial culture from the gastric biopsy is the gold standard technique,and is recommended for antibiotic susceptibility test.Serology is used for initial screening and the stool antigen test is particularly used when the urea breath test is not available,while molecular methods have gained attention mostly for detecting antibiotic resistance.展开更多
Ligands present in dissolved organic matter （DOM） form complexes with inorganic divalent mercury （Hg^2＋） affecting its bioavailability in pelagic food webs. This investigation addresses the influence of a natural...Ligands present in dissolved organic matter （DOM） form complexes with inorganic divalent mercury （Hg^2＋） affecting its bioavailability in pelagic food webs. This investigation addresses the influence of a natural gradient of DOM present in Patagonian lakes on the bioaccumulation of Hg^2＋ （the prevailing mercury species in the water column of these lakes） by the algae Cryptomonas erosa and the zooplankters Brachionus calyciflorus and Boeckella antiqua. Hg^2＋ accumulation was studied through laboratory experiments using natural water of four oligotrophic Patagonian lakes amended with^197Hg^2＋. The bioavailability of Hg^2＋ was affected by the concentration and character of DOM. The entrance of Hg^2＋ into pelagic food webs occurs mostly through passive and active accumulation. The incorporation of Hg^2＋ by Cryptomonas, up to 27% of the Hg^2＋ amended, was found to be rapid and dominated by passive adsorption, and was greatest when low molecular weight compounds with protein-like or small phenolic signatures prevailed in the DOM. Conversely, high molecular weight compounds with a humic or fulvic signature kept Hg^2＋ in the dissolved phase, resulting in the lowest Hg^2＋ accumulation in this algae. In Brachionus and Boeckella the direct incorporation of Hg from the aqueous phase was up to 3% of the Hg^2＋ amended. The dietary incorporation of Hg^2＋ by Boeckella exceeded the direct absorption of this metal in natural water, and was remarkably similar to the Hg^2＋ adsorbed in their prey. Overall, DOM concentration and character affected the adsorption of Hg^2＋ by algae through competitive binding, while the incorporation of Hg^2＋ into the zooplankton was dominated by trophic or dietary transfer.展开更多
This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and s...This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and strain culture,combined with DNA sequence analyses.110 taxa are described and illustrated,including five new genera,92 new species,eight new combinations and other taxonomic contributions(one new sequenced species,one new host and three new records)which are accommodated in 40 families and 1 incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes.The new genera are Amyloceraceomyces,Catenuliconidia,Hansenopezia,Ionopezia and Magnopulchromyces.The new species are Amyloceraceomyces angustisporus,Amylocorticium ellipsosporum,Arthrinium sorghi,Catenuliconidia uniseptata,Clavulina sphaeropedunculata,Colletotrichum parthenocissicola,Coniothyrium triseptatum,Cortinarius indorusseus,C.paurigarhwalensis,C.sinensis,C.subsanguineus,C.xiaojinensis,Diaporthe pimpinel-lae,Dictyosporella guizhouensis,Diplodia torilicola,Fuscoporia marquesiana,F.semiarida,Hansenopezia decora,Helicoarcta-tus thailandicus,Hirsutella hongheensis,Humidicutis brunneovinacea,Lentaria gossypina,L.variabilis,Lycoperdon lahorense,L.pseudocurtisii,Magnopulchromyces scorpiophorus,Moelleriella gracilispora,Neodevriesia manglicola,Neodidymelliopsis salvia,N.urticae,Neoroussoella magnoliae,Neottiella gigaspora,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Phaeotremella yunnanensis,Podosphaera yulii,Rigidoporus juniperinus,Rhodofomitopsis pseudofeei,Russula benghalensis,Scleroramularia vermispora,Scytinopogon minisporus,Sporormurispora paulsenii,Thaxteriellopsis obliqus,Tomentella asiae-orientalis,T.atrobadia,T.atrocastanea,T.aureomarginata,T.brevis,T.brunneoflava,T.brunneogrisea,T.capitatocystidiata,T.changbaiensis,T.citri-nocystidiata,T.coffeae,T.conclusa,T.cystidiata,T.dimidiata,T.duplexa,T.efibulata,T.efibulis,T.farinosa,T.flavidobadia,T.fuscocrustosa,T.fuscofarinosa,T.fuscogranulosa,T.fuscopelliculosa,T.globospora,T.gloeocystidiata,T.griseocastanea,T.griseofusca,T.griseomarginata展开更多
To evaluate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived CD11b<sup>+</sup>CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes in a murine model of chronic liver damage.METHODSChronic liver damage was induced in C57BL...To evaluate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived CD11b<sup>+</sup>CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes in a murine model of chronic liver damage.METHODSChronic liver damage was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administration of carbon tetrachloride and ethanol for 6 mo. Bone marrow-derived monocytes isolated by immunomagnetic separation were used for therapy. The cell transplantation effects were evaluated by morphometry, biochemical assessment, immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTSCD11b<sup>+</sup>CD14<sup>+</sup> monocyte therapy significantly reduced liver fibrosis and increased hepatic glutathione levels. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, in addition to pro-fibrotic factors, such as IL-13, transforming growth factor-β1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 also decreased, while IL-10 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 increased in the monocyte-treated group. CD11b<sup>+</sup>CD14<sup>+</sup> monocyte transplantation caused significant changes in the hepatic expression of α-smooth muscle actin and osteopontin.CONCLUSIONMonocyte therapy is capable of bringing about improvement of liver fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as increasing anti-fibrogenic factors.展开更多
Soursop(Annona muricata L.)is a tropical fruit highly valued for its uniqueflavor,nutritional value,and health-promoting properties.The ripening process of soursop involves complex changes in gene expression and metabo...Soursop(Annona muricata L.)is a tropical fruit highly valued for its uniqueflavor,nutritional value,and health-promoting properties.The ripening process of soursop involves complex changes in gene expression and metabo-lite accumulation,which have been studied using various omics technologies.Transcriptome analysis has provided insights into the regulation of key genes involved in ripening,while metabolic compound analysis has revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.However,the integration of transcrip-tome and metabolite compound data has not been extensively explored in soursop.Therefore,in this paper,we present a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and phenolic compound profiles of soursop during ripen-ing.The integration analysis showed that the genes and phenolic compounds were mainly involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways during soursop ripening.Further,the phenolic compounds Kaempferol 3-Q-galactoside,Procyanidin C1,Procyanidin trimmer C1,and m-Coumaric,as well as the genes Ubiquitin-like protein 5(UBL5_ARATH),ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH8(FTSH8_ORYSJ),Zinc transporter 4(ZIP4_AR-ATH),Thioredoxin-like 3-1(TRL31_ORYSJ),Mitogen-activated protein kinase YODA(YODA_ARATH),R-man-delonitrile lyase-like(MGL_ARATH),26s protease regulatory subunit 6A homolog(PRS6_SOLLC),Cytochrome P45072A13(C7A13ARATH),Cytochrome P45084A1(C84A1_ARATH)and Homoserine O-trans-acetylase(MET2-ORYSJ)were correlated and differentially accumulated and expressed,respectively.Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying soursop ripening and may contribute to the development of strategies for improving the nutritional quality and shelf life of this important fruit.展开更多
High-saturated fat(HF)or high-fructose(HFr)consumption in children predispose them to metabolic syndrome(MetS).In rodent models of MetS,diets containing individually HF or HFr lead to a variable degree of MetS.Neverth...High-saturated fat(HF)or high-fructose(HFr)consumption in children predispose them to metabolic syndrome(MetS).In rodent models of MetS,diets containing individually HF or HFr lead to a variable degree of MetS.Nevertheless,simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr have synergistic effects,worsening MetS outcomes.In children,the effects of HF or HFr intake usually have been addressed individually.Therefore,we have reviewed the outcomes of HF or HFr diets in children,and we compare them with the effects reported in rodents.In humans,HFr intake causes increased lipogenesis,hypertriglyceridemia,obesity and insulin resistance.On the other hand,HF diets promote low grade-inflammation,obesity,insulin resistance.Despite the deleterious effects of simultaneous HF plus HFr intake on MetS development in rodents,there is little information about the combined effects of HF plus HFr intake in children.The aim of this review is to warn about this issue,as individually addressing the effects produced by HF or HFr may underestimate the severity of the outcomes of Western diet intake in the pediatric population.We consider that this is an alarming issue that needs to be assessed,as the simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr is common on fast food menus.展开更多
The intertidal zone is a complex coastal area exposed to a wide variety of environmental factors. During low tide, rocky pools are exposed to air for several hours throughout the day, and environmental conditions such...The intertidal zone is a complex coastal area exposed to a wide variety of environmental factors. During low tide, rocky pools are exposed to air for several hours throughout the day, and environmental conditions such as temperature and salinity are highly variable. Fish communities that inhabit these tide pools are also exposed to environmental variability;therefore it is important to look at fish community structure in relation to important environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen on tide pools during spring tides, time of greater exposure to air. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the variation of the taxonomic distinctness of intertidal fish communities considering temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the water that remains trapped in the tide pools during low tide. Visual census surveys were carried out monthly, from January to December 2015, in the intertidal zone of El Faro during spring tides on full moon days, when fluctuations of environmental variables are significant. Total extension of the census surveys was 156 × 5 m (780 m2). A total of 145 tide pools were sampled and divided in three groups (small, medium and large) according to size and depths that ranged from 20 to 45 cm. Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen fluctuate throughout the year of study. Thermal difference between open ocean and tide pools ranged from 3.5°C to 4.5°C. A total of 3757 organisms from 22 species, 12 families, four orders and one class were recorded. When comparing taxonomic distinctness and average taxonomic distinctness between months and tide pools of different sizes, values fell within the confidence intervals in the tunnel and were located close to the mean.展开更多
The intertidal zone (also known as seashore) are transition areas between land and sea, that are greatly influenced by the tide cycle, therefore, environmental parameters, such as temperature and salinity, oscillate a...The intertidal zone (also known as seashore) are transition areas between land and sea, that are greatly influenced by the tide cycle, therefore, environmental parameters, such as temperature and salinity, oscillate according to the periods in which these areas are exposed to air. Intertidal zones are highly diverse, which makes them key ecosystems for the development of sea life (both flora and fauna) exposed to drastic environmental change. The <span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">59 visual censuses campaigns were carried out during the full moon of each month from 2015 to 2019. Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were recorded during each visual census and showed variations between years. Temperature showed two distinct seasons, warm and cold. A total of 14,995 organisms were recorded, belonging to 30 species, 28 genera, 15 families, five orders and one class. Ecological indices like species richness (SR), Shannon-Wiener’s diversity (H') and Fisher’s alpha (</span><i style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">α</span></i><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">-Fisher) showed significant differences between years, 2015 and 2016 recorded as the most diverse years, while the lowest values were recorded in 2019. Therefore, fish communities of tide pools showed to be highly diverse, with 30 species recording similar relative abundances, and according to the BVI, only 11 species were dominant. Spatio-temporal variations of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were highly </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">cor</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">related </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">to</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> changes in fish community structure, and the dominance of certain species, which are of great importance for the structure and dynamic 展开更多
The^(10)boron neutron-capture therapy(BNCT)is an emerging antitumoral method that shows increasing biomedical interest.BNCT is based on the selective accumulation of the^(10)boron isotope within the tumor,which is the...The^(10)boron neutron-capture therapy(BNCT)is an emerging antitumoral method that shows increasing biomedical interest.BNCT is based on the selective accumulation of the^(10)boron isotope within the tumor,which is then irradiated with low-energy thermal neutrons,generating nuclear fission that produces 7lithium,4helium,andγrays.Simple catechol-borate esters have been rather overlooked as precursors of melanin biosynthesis,and therefore,a proof-of-concept approach for using dopamine-borate(DABO)as a suitable boron-containing candidate for potential BNCT is presented here.DABO can spontaneously oxidize and autopolymerize in vitro,giving a soluble,eumelaninlike brown-black poly-DABO product.Melanotic melanoma cell cultures treated with 1 mM DABO for 24 and 48 h were viable and showed no signs of damage or cell death.The stability and possible trans-esterification of DABO is shortly discussed.Chemical calculations and quantitative structure-activity relationships(QSAR)analysis of DABO and the BNCT agent BPA indicated that they should be cell permeant and accumulate within lysosomes and melanosomes.Molecular modeling allows visualization of both the DABO precursor and the structure of a borate derivative of the proposed catechol-porphycene model for eumelanin,showing interesting features from molecular orbital calculations.The main difference between DABO and other agents,such as BPA,is that it is not a boronic acid nor a boron cluster.This simple catechol-borate ester(protected from oxidation and blackening)could be administrated to living cells and organisms,in which biosynthesis of boron-melanin in melanoma melanocytes can lead to improved BNCT.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) infection can progress to a severe respiratory and systemic disease named coronavirus disease–2019(COVID-19). The most common symptoms are fever and respira...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) infection can progress to a severe respiratory and systemic disease named coronavirus disease–2019(COVID-19). The most common symptoms are fever and respiratory discomfort. Nevertheless, gastrointestinal infections have been reported, with symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and lack of appetite. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 can remain positive in fecal samples after nasopharyngeal clearance. After gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other viral gastrointestinal infections, some patients may develop alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota. In addition, some COVID-19 patients may receive antibiotics, which may also disturb gastrointestinal homeostasis. In summary, the gastrointestinal system, gut microbiome, and gut-lung axis may represent an important role in the development, severity, and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, in this review, we explore the current pieces of evidence of COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestations, possible implications, and interventions.展开更多
The coastal areas of the Baja California peninsula are characterized mainly by rocky areas, where rock pools dominate as important coastal habitats because of the tide cycle, when the water is trapped during the low t...The coastal areas of the Baja California peninsula are characterized mainly by rocky areas, where rock pools dominate as important coastal habitats because of the tide cycle, when the water is trapped during the low tide, forming the pools. Environmental parameters like temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the water trapped in the pools are key factors for the flora and fauna that inhabit these areas, particularly during the warmer months when the mean values of these parameters are usually higher than the mean values of the sea surface. The aim of the present study was to determine the variation of the taxonomic diversity of the fish communities that inhabit the rock pools in the common land known as Conquista Agraria in the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, México, from 2015 to 2019. A total of 59 visual censuses were carried out monthly during the second low tide of the full moon. Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen showed variation throughout the study period, with two distinct seasons (warm and cold), which influenced the taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness of the species recorded in the area. There was a higher diversity in the warmer months (summer) and years (2015 and 2016). In addition, according to the MDS analysis, 2017 and 2018 showed high similarity of species.展开更多
In this paper,we analyse an analytical solution of the Einstein–Maxwell field equations that considers matter with anisotropic pressures in a static and spherically symmetric geometry.We report the manner in which we...In this paper,we analyse an analytical solution of the Einstein–Maxwell field equations that considers matter with anisotropic pressures in a static and spherically symmetric geometry.We report the manner in which we obtained the solution,which is by means of the Karmarkar condition.For the model,we assume a state equation that describes the interaction of matter from quarks P=(c^(2)ρ-4B_(g))/3 and we consider the presence of electric charge,which can generate that the radial and tangential pressures are not equal.In a graphic manner,we analyse the physical properties of the model,taking as the observational data those of mass 1M⊙and radius7.69 km which were reported for the star Her X-1.The charge values are found between 5.57×10^(18)C≤Q≤1.31×10^(20)C and the interval of the Bag constant Bg∈[118.7,122.13]MeV/fm^(3).Also,we show the stability of the configuration by means of the static stability criteria of Harrison–Zeldovich–Novikov((?M)/?ρc>0),as well as in regards to infinitesimal radial adiabatic perturbation,since the adiabatic indexγ>3.3 which guarantees the stability of the solution.展开更多
文摘There has been a considerable development in microfluidic based immunodiagnostics over the past few years which has greatly favored the growth of novel point-of-care-testing(POCT).However,the realization of an inexpensive,low-power POCT needs cheap and disposable microfluidic devices that can perform autonomously with minimum user intervention.This work,for the first time,reports the development of a new microchannel capillary flow assay(MCFA)platform that can perform chemiluminescence based ELISA with lyophilized chemiluminescent reagents.This new MCFA platform exploits the ultra-high sensitivity of chemiluminescent detection while eliminating the shortcomings associated with liquid reagent handling,control of assay sequence and user intervention.The functionally designed microchannels along with adequate hydrophilicity produce a sequential flow of assay reagents and autonomously performs the ultra-high sensitive chemiluminescence based ELISA for the detection of malaria biomarker such as PfHRP2.The MCFA platform with no external flow control and simple chemiluminescence detection can easily communicate with smartphone via USB-OTG port using a custom-designed optical detector.The use of the smartphone for display,data transfer,storage and analysis,as well as the source of power allows the development of a smartphone based POCT analyzer for disease diagnostics.This paper reports a limit of detection(LOD)of 8 ng/mL by the smartphone analyzer which is sensitive enough to detect active malarial infection.The MCFA platform developed with the smartphone analyzer can be easily customized for different biomarkers,so a hand-held POCT for various infectious diseases can be envisaged with full networking capability at low cost.
文摘Glycine max is a photoperiodic short-day plant and the practical consequence of the response is latitude and sowing period limitations to commercial crops. Genetic and physiological studies using the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and rice （Oryza sativa） have uncovered several genes and genetic pathways controlling the process, however information about the corresponding pathways in legumes is scarce. Data mining prediction methodologies, including multiple sequence alignment, phylogeneUc analysis, bioinformaUcs expression and sequence motif pattern identification, were used to identify soybean genes involved in day length perception and photoperiodic flowering induction. We have investigated approximately 330 000 sequences from open-access databases and have identified all bona fide central oscillator genes and circadian photoreceptors from A. thaliana in soybean sequence databases. We propose a working model for the photoperiodic control of flowering time in G. max, based on the identified key components. These results demonstrate the power of comparative genomics between model systems and crop species to elucidate the several aspects of plant physiology and metabolism.
基金Funding:This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico(CNPq grant number 310030/2015-3)and MCSB obtained a scholarship from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES).
文摘Endophytic bacteria may influence agricultural production in several ways, including promoting plant growth. Two experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the combination of endophytic bacteria from the Brazilian Northeast region aims at the commercial introduction of the inoculation of these bacteria in micropropagated sugarcane plants using a temporary immersion bioreactor. One experiment was done in tubes with sterile commercial substrate, and the other was done in pots with soil;both were installed in a greenhouse. A mixed inoculation was performed in six inoculated endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in micropropagated sugarcane plants, variety RB92579. In the experiment with soil, the mixed inoculation significantly increased the shoot dry matter of plants without the addition of nitrogen fertilizer. However, the accumulation of total-N in the tissues showed no significant differences between treatments with and without nitrogen fertilization. The evaluation of micropropagated seedlings showed no increases in the parameters tested. The results showed that the response of inoculation in temporary immersion bioreactor micropropagation is possible, and that the application of homologous strains may have contributed to a better response by the interaction of endophytic bacteria with sugarcane RB92579. Further studies should be conducted to improve the methodology, which indicates a great potential to optimize this process on a commercial scale.
文摘The combined effect of micro-alloying with Si and Ge and/or plastic deformation prior to ageing at 160°C on age hardening has been studied in an Al-2 at% Cu alloy. The results obtained indicate that the hardness response is faster and the peak hardness is higher when plastic deformation and micro-alloying are applied together than performing each procedure individually. Different amounts of deformation, ranging from 0% to 30% have been utilized. An optimum deformation degree for the hardening response has been established around 8% for the Al-Cu-Si-Ge alloy. Characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the peak hardness is due to a complex microstructure that contained θ" disc shaped precipitates, rod-shaped Si-Ge precipitates and θ' plates that were heterogeneously nucleated on the Si-Ge particles. Pre-deformation has been found to stimulate the growth of the θ' plates due to enhanced diffusion along dislocation cores. Increasing deformation reduces the influence of the Si-Ge precipitates on heterogeneous nucleation, leading to reduced peak hardness and faster over-ageing.
文摘Shale water as a by-product obtained by Petrobras, Brazil, during the process of extraction of petroleum from fossil rock may act as an inducer of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) to some plant pathogens. The objective of the present investigation was to verify the effect of seed treatment and foliar application with shale water in inducing SAR of soybean to soybean rust under greenhouse and field conditions. In greenhouse experiments, seed treatment alone with shale water significantly reduced the severity of soybean rust and the control efficiency after 11 and 14 days after inoculation was between 54.1% and 57.8%. Whereas seed treatment and only one foliar application with shale water the control efficiency due to SAR 14 and 11 days after inoculation was between 99.7% and 100%, respectively. Such treatments gave similar results under field experiments where the control efficiency of soybean rust was between 79.0% and 99.35% in shale water treated plots as compared to the untreated plots, in 2015. Consequently, this resulted in yield increase between 14.8% and 28.8% depending upon the seed treatment and foliar applications with shale water alone or in mixture with a fungicide. Seed health testing revealed lower number of seeds infected with some pathogens in treatments where either shale water or fungicide was used. Seed treatment and one foliar application were sufficient to induce SAR against soybean rust. This is the first report to demonstrate SAR of soybean to soybean rust induced by shale water. Patent regarding this investigation is deposited with Petrobras, Brazil, under the number EVP 14/022.
基金Supported by PROFAPI-UAS and CECYT from Sinaloa, México
文摘AIM: To determine the possible association of the ApoB100 (Xba Ⅰ ), ApoE (Hha Ⅰ ) and CYP7A1 (Bsa Ⅰ ) gene polymorphisms, with the development of cholesterol gallstone disease (GD) in a Mexican population. METHODS: The polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism, in two groups matched by ethnicity, age and sex: patients with GD (n = 101) and stone-free control subjects (n = 101). RESULTS: Allelic frequencies in patients and controls were: 34.16% vs 41.58% (P = 0.124) for X+of ApoB-100; 4.46% vs 5.94% (P = 0.501) for E2, 85.64% vs 78.22% (P = 0.052) for E3, 9.90% vs 15.84% (P = 0.075) for E4 of ApoE; and 25.74% vs 27.72% (P = 0.653) for C of CYP7A1. Differences in genotypic frequencies between the studied groups were not significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that no association exists between the studied polymorphisms and cholelithiasis in this high prevalent population.
文摘Considering the recommended indications for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication therapy and the broad spectrum of available diagnostic methods,a reliable diagnosis is mandatory both before and after eradication therapy.Only highly accurate tests should be used in clinical practice,and the sensitivity and specificity of an adequate test should exceed 90%.The choice of tests should take into account clinical circumstances,the likelihood ratio of positive and negative tests,the cost-effectiveness of the testing strategy and the availability of the tests.This review concerns some of the most recent developments in diagnostic methods of H.pylori infection,namely the contribution of novel endoscopic evaluation methodologies for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection,such as magnifying endoscopy techniques and chromoendoscopy.In addition,the diagnostic contribution of histology and the urea breath test was explored recently in specific clinical settings and patient groups.Recent studies recommend enhancing the number of biopsy fragments for the rapid urease test.Bacterial culture from the gastric biopsy is the gold standard technique,and is recommended for antibiotic susceptibility test.Serology is used for initial screening and the stool antigen test is particularly used when the urea breath test is not available,while molecular methods have gained attention mostly for detecting antibiotic resistance.
基金funded by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT PICT 200700393)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tcnicas(CONICET PIP 11220100100064)+1 种基金International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA TCP ARG7007)Universidad Nacional del Comahue(Program 04-B166)
文摘Ligands present in dissolved organic matter （DOM） form complexes with inorganic divalent mercury （Hg^2＋） affecting its bioavailability in pelagic food webs. This investigation addresses the influence of a natural gradient of DOM present in Patagonian lakes on the bioaccumulation of Hg^2＋ （the prevailing mercury species in the water column of these lakes） by the algae Cryptomonas erosa and the zooplankters Brachionus calyciflorus and Boeckella antiqua. Hg^2＋ accumulation was studied through laboratory experiments using natural water of four oligotrophic Patagonian lakes amended with^197Hg^2＋. The bioavailability of Hg^2＋ was affected by the concentration and character of DOM. The entrance of Hg^2＋ into pelagic food webs occurs mostly through passive and active accumulation. The incorporation of Hg^2＋ by Cryptomonas, up to 27% of the Hg^2＋ amended, was found to be rapid and dominated by passive adsorption, and was greatest when low molecular weight compounds with protein-like or small phenolic signatures prevailed in the DOM. Conversely, high molecular weight compounds with a humic or fulvic signature kept Hg^2＋ in the dissolved phase, resulting in the lowest Hg^2＋ accumulation in this algae. In Brachionus and Boeckella the direct incorporation of Hg from the aqueous phase was up to 3% of the Hg^2＋ amended. The dietary incorporation of Hg^2＋ by Boeckella exceeded the direct absorption of this metal in natural water, and was remarkably similar to the Hg^2＋ adsorbed in their prey. Overall, DOM concentration and character affected the adsorption of Hg^2＋ by algae through competitive binding, while the incorporation of Hg^2＋ into the zooplankton was dominated by trophic or dietary transfer.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China for the financial support(Project Nos.31770028,31970017 and 31470148)the Special Funds for the Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.ZSBR-015)+15 种基金the Qingyuan Forest CERN(Chinese Academy of Sciences)for supporting sampling in various ways.Yu-Cheng Dai would like to thank the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(Project Nos.U1802231)the Second Tibetan Pla-teau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0503)the Thailand Research Fund for the grant“Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and surrounding areas contract”(No.DBG6280009)for supporting this work.the Croatian Science Foundation under the project ForFun-giDNA(IP-2018-01-1736)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31750001 and 31670016)Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project(No.2019JQ03016)for financial support.Monika C.Dayarathne would like to acknowledge the projects,viz.National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31560489 and 31972222)Science and technology basic work of MOST[2014FY120100]National Key Technology Research and Develop-ment Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2014BAD23B03/03)Talent project of Guizhou science and technol-ogy cooperation platform([2017]5788-5,[2019]5641)Guizhou science,technology department international cooperation base project([2018]5806)Guangyu Sun would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31772113,31972220 and 31170015)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-27)for the financial support.the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31670022,31470153 and 31970019)“111”Project(No.D17014)for financial sup-port.the Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology(UCoST)for financial support(Project No.UCSandT/RandD/LS-1/12-13/4912)on“Collection,identification,documentation of wild edible and medicinal mushrooms of Garhwa
文摘This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and strain culture,combined with DNA sequence analyses.110 taxa are described and illustrated,including five new genera,92 new species,eight new combinations and other taxonomic contributions(one new sequenced species,one new host and three new records)which are accommodated in 40 families and 1 incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes.The new genera are Amyloceraceomyces,Catenuliconidia,Hansenopezia,Ionopezia and Magnopulchromyces.The new species are Amyloceraceomyces angustisporus,Amylocorticium ellipsosporum,Arthrinium sorghi,Catenuliconidia uniseptata,Clavulina sphaeropedunculata,Colletotrichum parthenocissicola,Coniothyrium triseptatum,Cortinarius indorusseus,C.paurigarhwalensis,C.sinensis,C.subsanguineus,C.xiaojinensis,Diaporthe pimpinel-lae,Dictyosporella guizhouensis,Diplodia torilicola,Fuscoporia marquesiana,F.semiarida,Hansenopezia decora,Helicoarcta-tus thailandicus,Hirsutella hongheensis,Humidicutis brunneovinacea,Lentaria gossypina,L.variabilis,Lycoperdon lahorense,L.pseudocurtisii,Magnopulchromyces scorpiophorus,Moelleriella gracilispora,Neodevriesia manglicola,Neodidymelliopsis salvia,N.urticae,Neoroussoella magnoliae,Neottiella gigaspora,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Phaeotremella yunnanensis,Podosphaera yulii,Rigidoporus juniperinus,Rhodofomitopsis pseudofeei,Russula benghalensis,Scleroramularia vermispora,Scytinopogon minisporus,Sporormurispora paulsenii,Thaxteriellopsis obliqus,Tomentella asiae-orientalis,T.atrobadia,T.atrocastanea,T.aureomarginata,T.brevis,T.brunneoflava,T.brunneogrisea,T.capitatocystidiata,T.changbaiensis,T.citri-nocystidiata,T.coffeae,T.conclusa,T.cystidiata,T.dimidiata,T.duplexa,T.efibulata,T.efibulis,T.farinosa,T.flavidobadia,T.fuscocrustosa,T.fuscofarinosa,T.fuscogranulosa,T.fuscopelliculosa,T.globospora,T.gloeocystidiata,T.griseocastanea,T.griseofusca,T.griseomarginata
基金Supported by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation(FIOCRUZ)the Pernambuco Science and Technology Support Foundation(FACEPE)(PROEP-FIOCRUZ 19/2015)+2 种基金the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development(CNPq)(Processes APQ 0906-2.11/08)the National Council for the Improvement of Higher Education(CAPES)the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health(LPD/NIAID/NIH)
文摘To evaluate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived CD11b<sup>+</sup>CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes in a murine model of chronic liver damage.METHODSChronic liver damage was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administration of carbon tetrachloride and ethanol for 6 mo. Bone marrow-derived monocytes isolated by immunomagnetic separation were used for therapy. The cell transplantation effects were evaluated by morphometry, biochemical assessment, immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTSCD11b<sup>+</sup>CD14<sup>+</sup> monocyte therapy significantly reduced liver fibrosis and increased hepatic glutathione levels. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, in addition to pro-fibrotic factors, such as IL-13, transforming growth factor-β1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 also decreased, while IL-10 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 increased in the monocyte-treated group. CD11b<sup>+</sup>CD14<sup>+</sup> monocyte transplantation caused significant changes in the hepatic expression of α-smooth muscle actin and osteopontin.CONCLUSIONMonocyte therapy is capable of bringing about improvement of liver fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as increasing anti-fibrogenic factors.
基金funding from CONAHCYT by the grant Ciencia Básica y/o Ciencia de Frontera Modalidad Paradigmas y Controversias de la Ciencia,Grant Number 319996:“Análisis integral de datos transcriptómicos y metabolómicos asociados a la calidad de los frutos de guanábana(Annona muricata L.)durante almacenamiento poscosecha”.
文摘Soursop(Annona muricata L.)is a tropical fruit highly valued for its uniqueflavor,nutritional value,and health-promoting properties.The ripening process of soursop involves complex changes in gene expression and metabo-lite accumulation,which have been studied using various omics technologies.Transcriptome analysis has provided insights into the regulation of key genes involved in ripening,while metabolic compound analysis has revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.However,the integration of transcrip-tome and metabolite compound data has not been extensively explored in soursop.Therefore,in this paper,we present a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and phenolic compound profiles of soursop during ripen-ing.The integration analysis showed that the genes and phenolic compounds were mainly involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways during soursop ripening.Further,the phenolic compounds Kaempferol 3-Q-galactoside,Procyanidin C1,Procyanidin trimmer C1,and m-Coumaric,as well as the genes Ubiquitin-like protein 5(UBL5_ARATH),ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH8(FTSH8_ORYSJ),Zinc transporter 4(ZIP4_AR-ATH),Thioredoxin-like 3-1(TRL31_ORYSJ),Mitogen-activated protein kinase YODA(YODA_ARATH),R-man-delonitrile lyase-like(MGL_ARATH),26s protease regulatory subunit 6A homolog(PRS6_SOLLC),Cytochrome P45072A13(C7A13ARATH),Cytochrome P45084A1(C84A1_ARATH)and Homoserine O-trans-acetylase(MET2-ORYSJ)were correlated and differentially accumulated and expressed,respectively.Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying soursop ripening and may contribute to the development of strategies for improving the nutritional quality and shelf life of this important fruit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930072,31770559,31600387,31370489)the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Program of China(BX20200133)supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(RYC2018-025483-I).
基金Supported by Instituto de Ciencia,Tecnología e Innovación–Gobierno del Estado de Michoacán,No.ICTI-PICIR23-063,No.ICTIPICIR23-028Programa Proyectos de Investigación financiados 2024,Coordinación de Investigación Científica,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo,México.
文摘High-saturated fat(HF)or high-fructose(HFr)consumption in children predispose them to metabolic syndrome(MetS).In rodent models of MetS,diets containing individually HF or HFr lead to a variable degree of MetS.Nevertheless,simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr have synergistic effects,worsening MetS outcomes.In children,the effects of HF or HFr intake usually have been addressed individually.Therefore,we have reviewed the outcomes of HF or HFr diets in children,and we compare them with the effects reported in rodents.In humans,HFr intake causes increased lipogenesis,hypertriglyceridemia,obesity and insulin resistance.On the other hand,HF diets promote low grade-inflammation,obesity,insulin resistance.Despite the deleterious effects of simultaneous HF plus HFr intake on MetS development in rodents,there is little information about the combined effects of HF plus HFr intake in children.The aim of this review is to warn about this issue,as individually addressing the effects produced by HF or HFr may underestimate the severity of the outcomes of Western diet intake in the pediatric population.We consider that this is an alarming issue that needs to be assessed,as the simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr is common on fast food menus.
文摘The intertidal zone is a complex coastal area exposed to a wide variety of environmental factors. During low tide, rocky pools are exposed to air for several hours throughout the day, and environmental conditions such as temperature and salinity are highly variable. Fish communities that inhabit these tide pools are also exposed to environmental variability;therefore it is important to look at fish community structure in relation to important environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen on tide pools during spring tides, time of greater exposure to air. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the variation of the taxonomic distinctness of intertidal fish communities considering temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the water that remains trapped in the tide pools during low tide. Visual census surveys were carried out monthly, from January to December 2015, in the intertidal zone of El Faro during spring tides on full moon days, when fluctuations of environmental variables are significant. Total extension of the census surveys was 156 × 5 m (780 m2). A total of 145 tide pools were sampled and divided in three groups (small, medium and large) according to size and depths that ranged from 20 to 45 cm. Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen fluctuate throughout the year of study. Thermal difference between open ocean and tide pools ranged from 3.5°C to 4.5°C. A total of 3757 organisms from 22 species, 12 families, four orders and one class were recorded. When comparing taxonomic distinctness and average taxonomic distinctness between months and tide pools of different sizes, values fell within the confidence intervals in the tunnel and were located close to the mean.
文摘The intertidal zone (also known as seashore) are transition areas between land and sea, that are greatly influenced by the tide cycle, therefore, environmental parameters, such as temperature and salinity, oscillate according to the periods in which these areas are exposed to air. Intertidal zones are highly diverse, which makes them key ecosystems for the development of sea life (both flora and fauna) exposed to drastic environmental change. The <span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">59 visual censuses campaigns were carried out during the full moon of each month from 2015 to 2019. Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were recorded during each visual census and showed variations between years. Temperature showed two distinct seasons, warm and cold. A total of 14,995 organisms were recorded, belonging to 30 species, 28 genera, 15 families, five orders and one class. Ecological indices like species richness (SR), Shannon-Wiener’s diversity (H') and Fisher’s alpha (</span><i style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">α</span></i><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">-Fisher) showed significant differences between years, 2015 and 2016 recorded as the most diverse years, while the lowest values were recorded in 2019. Therefore, fish communities of tide pools showed to be highly diverse, with 30 species recording similar relative abundances, and according to the BVI, only 11 species were dominant. Spatio-temporal variations of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were highly </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">cor</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">related </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">to</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> changes in fish community structure, and the dominance of certain species, which are of great importance for the structure and dynamic
文摘The^(10)boron neutron-capture therapy(BNCT)is an emerging antitumoral method that shows increasing biomedical interest.BNCT is based on the selective accumulation of the^(10)boron isotope within the tumor,which is then irradiated with low-energy thermal neutrons,generating nuclear fission that produces 7lithium,4helium,andγrays.Simple catechol-borate esters have been rather overlooked as precursors of melanin biosynthesis,and therefore,a proof-of-concept approach for using dopamine-borate(DABO)as a suitable boron-containing candidate for potential BNCT is presented here.DABO can spontaneously oxidize and autopolymerize in vitro,giving a soluble,eumelaninlike brown-black poly-DABO product.Melanotic melanoma cell cultures treated with 1 mM DABO for 24 and 48 h were viable and showed no signs of damage or cell death.The stability and possible trans-esterification of DABO is shortly discussed.Chemical calculations and quantitative structure-activity relationships(QSAR)analysis of DABO and the BNCT agent BPA indicated that they should be cell permeant and accumulate within lysosomes and melanosomes.Molecular modeling allows visualization of both the DABO precursor and the structure of a borate derivative of the proposed catechol-porphycene model for eumelanin,showing interesting features from molecular orbital calculations.The main difference between DABO and other agents,such as BPA,is that it is not a boronic acid nor a boron cluster.This simple catechol-borate ester(protected from oxidation and blackening)could be administrated to living cells and organisms,in which biosynthesis of boron-melanin in melanoma melanocytes can lead to improved BNCT.
基金Supported by RWA holds a fellowship from FundaÇǎo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sāo Paulo (FAPESP),No.19/02679-7。
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) infection can progress to a severe respiratory and systemic disease named coronavirus disease–2019(COVID-19). The most common symptoms are fever and respiratory discomfort. Nevertheless, gastrointestinal infections have been reported, with symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and lack of appetite. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 can remain positive in fecal samples after nasopharyngeal clearance. After gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other viral gastrointestinal infections, some patients may develop alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota. In addition, some COVID-19 patients may receive antibiotics, which may also disturb gastrointestinal homeostasis. In summary, the gastrointestinal system, gut microbiome, and gut-lung axis may represent an important role in the development, severity, and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, in this review, we explore the current pieces of evidence of COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestations, possible implications, and interventions.
文摘The coastal areas of the Baja California peninsula are characterized mainly by rocky areas, where rock pools dominate as important coastal habitats because of the tide cycle, when the water is trapped during the low tide, forming the pools. Environmental parameters like temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the water trapped in the pools are key factors for the flora and fauna that inhabit these areas, particularly during the warmer months when the mean values of these parameters are usually higher than the mean values of the sea surface. The aim of the present study was to determine the variation of the taxonomic diversity of the fish communities that inhabit the rock pools in the common land known as Conquista Agraria in the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, México, from 2015 to 2019. A total of 59 visual censuses were carried out monthly during the second low tide of the full moon. Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen showed variation throughout the study period, with two distinct seasons (warm and cold), which influenced the taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness of the species recorded in the area. There was a higher diversity in the warmer months (summer) and years (2015 and 2016). In addition, according to the MDS analysis, 2017 and 2018 showed high similarity of species.
文摘In this paper,we analyse an analytical solution of the Einstein–Maxwell field equations that considers matter with anisotropic pressures in a static and spherically symmetric geometry.We report the manner in which we obtained the solution,which is by means of the Karmarkar condition.For the model,we assume a state equation that describes the interaction of matter from quarks P=(c^(2)ρ-4B_(g))/3 and we consider the presence of electric charge,which can generate that the radial and tangential pressures are not equal.In a graphic manner,we analyse the physical properties of the model,taking as the observational data those of mass 1M⊙and radius7.69 km which were reported for the star Her X-1.The charge values are found between 5.57×10^(18)C≤Q≤1.31×10^(20)C and the interval of the Bag constant Bg∈[118.7,122.13]MeV/fm^(3).Also,we show the stability of the configuration by means of the static stability criteria of Harrison–Zeldovich–Novikov((?M)/?ρc>0),as well as in regards to infinitesimal radial adiabatic perturbation,since the adiabatic indexγ>3.3 which guarantees the stability of the solution.
