Dendrites are specialized neuronal compartments that sense, integrate and transfer information in the neural network. Their development is tightly controlled and abnormal dendrite morphogenesis is strongly linked to n...Dendrites are specialized neuronal compartments that sense, integrate and transfer information in the neural network. Their development is tightly controlled and abnormal dendrite morphogenesis is strongly linked to neurological disorders. While dendritic morphology ranges from relatively simple to extremely complex for a specified neuron, either requires a functional secretory pathway to continually replenish proteins and lipids to meet dendritic growth demands. The Golgi apparatus occupies the center of the secretory pathway and is regulating posttranslational modifications, sorting, transport, and signal transduction, as well as acting as a non-centrosomal microtubule organization center. The neuronal Golgi apparatus shares common features with Golgi in other eukaryotic cell types but also forms distinct structures known as Golgi outposts that specifically localize in dendrites. However, the organization and function of Golgi in dendrite development and its impact on neurological disorders is just emerging and so far lacks a systematic summary. We describe the organization of the Golgi apparatus in neurons, review the current understanding of Golgi function in dendritic morphogenesis, and discuss the current challenges and future directions.展开更多
Recent invasions by non-native gobiid fish species that are ongoing in the Western European rivers Rhine and Meuse, will lead to interactions with native benthic fish species. Since both non-native gobiids and native ...Recent invasions by non-native gobiid fish species that are ongoing in the Western European rivers Rhine and Meuse, will lead to interactions with native benthic fish species. Since both non-native gobiids and native benthic species are bottom dwelling species with a preference for shelter during at least part of their life cycle, it is likely that competition for shelter will occur between these non-native and native species when shelter is a limiting factor. To investigate the importance of this mecha- nism for species replacements, various habitat choice experiments were conducted between two common native benthic fish spe- cies （Cottus perifretum and Barbatula barbatula） and four invasive non-native gobiid species （Proterorhinus semilunaris, Neogo- bius melanostomus, N. kessleri and N. fluviatilis）. The first series of single specimen experiments determined the habitat choice of each individual fish species. In a second series of competition experiments, shifts in habitat choice in comparison with the previ- ously observed habitat choice, were determined when a native benthic fish species co-occurred with non-native gobiid species. Native C. perifretum displayed a significant shift in habitat choice in co-occurrence with the gobiids N. kessleri or P. semilunaris. C. perifretum was outcompeted and moved from the available shelter place to less preferred habitat types. During the competition experiments no change in habitat choice of B. barbatula was shown. Our study therefore suggests that competition for shelter is likely to occur in rivers invaded by N. kessleri and P. semilunaris at sites where shelter is limiting展开更多
Natural bone constitutes a complex and organized structure of organic and inorganic components with limited ability to regenerate and restore injured tissues,especially in large bone defects.To improve the reconstruct...Natural bone constitutes a complex and organized structure of organic and inorganic components with limited ability to regenerate and restore injured tissues,especially in large bone defects.To improve the reconstruction of the damaged bones,tissue engineering has been introduced as a promising alternative approach to the conventional therapeutic methods including surgical interventions using allograft and autograft implants.Bioengineered composite scaffolds consisting of multifunctional biomaterials in combination with the cells and bioactive therapeutic agents have great promise for bone repair and regeneration.Cellulose and its derivatives are renewable and biodegradable natural polymers that have shown promising potential in bone tissue engineering applications.Cellulose-based scaffolds possess numerous advantages attributed to their excellent properties of non-toxicity,biocompatibility,biodegradability,availability through renewable resources,and the low cost of preparation and processing.Furthermore,cellulose and its derivatives have been extensively used for delivering growth factors and antibiotics directly to the site of the impaired bone tissue to promote tissue repair.This review focuses on the various classifications of cellulose-based composite scaffolds utilized in localized bone drug delivery systems and bone regeneration,including cellulose-organic composites,cellulose-inorganic composites,cellulose-organic/inorganic composites.We will also highlight the physicochemical,mechanical,and biological properties of the different cellulose-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.展开更多
This review summarizes the preparation methods of support ionic liquids （SILs） and their applications in rare metals separation The rare metals separation includes the recovery of high value metal ions and the remov...This review summarizes the preparation methods of support ionic liquids （SILs） and their applications in rare metals separation The rare metals separation includes the recovery of high value metal ions and the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. SILs can be used as a kind of highly efficient multifunctional separation materials. The preparation methods of SILs include chemical immobilization technique in which ILs moieties are supported on solid supports via covalent bonds and physical immobilization techniques in which ILs are immobilized on solid supports via physical method such as simple im- pregnation, sol-gel method. According to the difference of solid supports, this review summarizes the application of polymer supported ionic liquids （P-SILs）, silica based material supported ionic liquids （SM-SILs） and membrane supported ionic liq- uids （M-SILs） in rare metals separation, P-SILs and SM-SILs prepared by chemical method with N-methylimidazolium group can be used as highly efficient anion exchangers with high thermal stability and good chemical stability for adsorption of Cr（Ⅵ）, Re（Ⅶ）, Ce（Ⅳ）. P-SILs prepared via simple impregnation afforded IL functionalized solvent impregnated resins （SIRs） which showed high separation efficiency and selectivity in the separation of rare earths（Ⅲ） （REs（Ⅲ））. SM-SILs prepared via sol-gel method with IL doped in the support as porogens or extractant show high removal efficiencies and excellent stability for the separation of RE（Ⅲ）, Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ）. M-SILs with IL as plasticizer or carrier show improved stability, high perme- ability coefficient and good selectivity for Cr（VI） transport. Different supports and different supporting methods were suffi- ciently compared. Based on the different practical application, different forms of SILs can be prepared for separation of rare metals with high separation efficiency and selectivity.展开更多
N-methylimidazolium functionalized anion exchange resin in NO3 form （RNO3） was prepared and used for adsorption of Ce（Ⅳ） in nitric acid medimn. The adsorption amount increased with shaking time increasing and the...N-methylimidazolium functionalized anion exchange resin in NO3 form （RNO3） was prepared and used for adsorption of Ce（Ⅳ） in nitric acid medimn. The adsorption amount increased with shaking time increasing and the adsorption equilibrium was obtained within 180 rain. Ce（Ⅳ） was partially reduced to Ce（Ⅲ） and the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） increased with shaking time increasing. But RNO3 was more stable than other resins due to the high resistance to oxidation. A little increase of adsorption amount was found with concentration of HNO3 increasing. However, the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） decreased with the increase of HNO3 concentration. The addition of NaNO3 decreased the adsorption amount of Ce（Ⅳ） on RNO3 due to the competitive anion exchange reaction. Ce（Ⅳ） was adsorbed on RNO3 in the form of Ce（Ⅳ） anion nitrato-complex. RNO3 and Ce（Ⅳ）-loaded RNO3 were characterized by fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） and thermogravimeric analysis （TGA）. Ce（Ⅳ） could be easily separated from RE（Ⅲ） solution by RNO3.展开更多
Graphene oxide(GO)was prepared by a modified Hummers method using peanut shells and natural graphite,and graphene oxide modified peanut shells activated carbon composites(GO-AC)were synthesized by co-pyrolysis.The opt...Graphene oxide(GO)was prepared by a modified Hummers method using peanut shells and natural graphite,and graphene oxide modified peanut shells activated carbon composites(GO-AC)were synthesized by co-pyrolysis.The optimal preparation conditions of AC were screened by response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize the preparation process.The results showed that the surface of GO-AC had more micropores and larger specific surface area,increased the surface adsorption sites and had more oxygen-containing functional groups.The adsorption process was mainly based on chemisorption,and the adsorption capacity was 3.45 and 1.30 times higher than that of BC(45.16 mg/g)and AC(119.21 mg/g),respectively.After six adsorption-desorption cycle tests,the adsorption amount of Cd^(2+)by GO-AC was still as high as 89.26 mg/g,with a percentage increase of 93.5%and 365%compared to BC(19.18 mg/g)and AC(46.13 mg/g),respectively,with good reusability.The research can provide a useful reference for the high value-added conversion of waste biomass,and GO-AC loading modified with significant adsorption of Cd2+has good potential for application as a novel and low-cost adsorbent.展开更多
The hot deformation behavior of GH4945 superalloy was investigated by isothermal compression test in the temperature range of 1000--1200 ℃with strain rates of 0.001 10.000 s 1 toa total strain of 0.7. Dynamic recryst...The hot deformation behavior of GH4945 superalloy was investigated by isothermal compression test in the temperature range of 1000--1200 ℃with strain rates of 0.001 10.000 s 1 toa total strain of 0.7. Dynamic recrystallization is the primary softening mechanism for GH4945 superalloy during hot deformation. The constitutive equation is established, and the calculated apparent activation energy is 458. 446 kJ/moh The processing maps at true strains of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 are generally similar, dem- onstrating that strain has little influence on processing map. The power dissipation efficiency and in- stability factors are remarkably influenced by deformation temperature and strain rate. The optimal hot working conditions are determined in temperature range of 1082 -1131 ℃ with strain rates of 0.004--0.018 s-1. Another domain of1134--1150 ℃ and 0. 018 0.213s ^- can also be selected as the optimal hot working conditions. The initial grains are replaced by dynamically reerystallized ones in optimal domains. The unsafe domains locate in the zone with strain rates above 0, 274 s^- 1, mainly characterized by uneven microstructure. Hot working is not recommended in the unsafe domains.展开更多
Making use of N-P-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl-glycine acid （abbreviated as abglyH2）,two transitional metal complexes [Zn（abglyH）（phen）2]ClO4·H2O （1） and Co（abglyH）2（bipy）2（H2O）2 （2） （phen = 1,10-phe...Making use of N-P-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl-glycine acid （abbreviated as abglyH2）,two transitional metal complexes [Zn（abglyH）（phen）2]ClO4·H2O （1） and Co（abglyH）2（bipy）2（H2O）2 （2） （phen = 1,10-phenanthroline,bipy = 4,4＇-bipyridine） have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by IR,elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 is a monomeric compound which is further assembled by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π interaction into a 2-D supramolecular network. Complex 2 is also a monomeric compound and further connected by intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a 2-D supramolecular network. Fluorescent analysis shows that complex 1 has an emissive maximum at 364 nm in the solution state at room temperature.展开更多
Vapor pressures were measured for six binary systems containing water, ethanol, or methanol with one of the two ionic liquids(ILs) at different component concentrations and temperatures using a quasi-static ebulliomet...Vapor pressures were measured for six binary systems containing water, ethanol, or methanol with one of the two ionic liquids(ILs) at different component concentrations and temperatures using a quasi-static ebulliometer,with the ILs mono-ethanolammonium formate([HMEA][HCOO]) and di-ethanolammonium formate([HDEA][HCOO]).The vapor pressures of the IL-containing binary systems are well correlated using the NRTL model with an overall average absolute relative deviation(AARD) of 0.0062. The effect of ILs on the vapor pressure depression of solvents at 0.050 mole fraction of IL is that [HDEA][HCOO]>[HMEA][HCOO], and the vapor pressure lowering degree follows the order of water>methanol>ethanol. Further, the activity coefficients of three solvents(viz. water,ethanol, and methanol) for the binary systems {solvent(1) + IL(2)} predicted based on the fitted NRTL parameters at T 333.15 K indicate that the two ILs generate a negative deviation from Raoult's law for water and methanol and a positive deviation for ethanol to a varying degree, change the relative volatility of a solvent. [HMEA][HCOO]may be a promising entrainer to efficiently separate ethanol aqueous solutions by special rectification.展开更多
The characteristics of eight heavy metals(lead,zinc,copper,nickel,chromium,cadmium,mercury and arsenic)in the surface soil of the historical slag area of the Au ore dressing plant in the South-West of Luoyang City wer...The characteristics of eight heavy metals(lead,zinc,copper,nickel,chromium,cadmium,mercury and arsenic)in the surface soil of the historical slag area of the Au ore dressing plant in the South-West of Luoyang City were investigated and evaluated in terms of a pollution index,potential ecological hazards and health risks.The results showed that the average amounts of the heavy metals Pb,Zn and As in the soils of plots S3,S5,S7,S12 and S18 exceeded the soil pollution risk screening values.The Mero comprehensive pollution index in plots S7,S12 and S18 was greater than 3,indicating severe pollution.The severe pollution plot integrated the potential ecological risk index(RI)of each sampling point,which was in the order of RI_(S12)>RI_(S18)>RI_(S7)>RI_(S5)>RI_(S3).Among the heavy metals,Cd poses the greatest threat to ecological and human health.The effects of heavy metals in soil on the single non-carcinogenic health risk index(HQ)and the non-carcinogenic total risk index through three exposure pathways were in the order of HQ_(Hg)<HQ_(Cu)<HQ_(Ni)<HQ_(Zn)<HQ_(Cd)<HQ_(Cr)<HQ_(Pb)<HQ_(As)<1,which meant that the adult and child total carcinogenic risk(TCR)and individual carcinogenic health risk indices CRAs and CRCd were above the maximum acceptable human health level recommended by the USEPA(10^(-6)).TCRAs and TCRCd accounted for 75.65%and 23.94%of the adult TCR,respectively.TCR^(As) and TCR^(Cd) accounted for 75.93%and 23.97%of the child TCR,respectively.Overall,the TCR of children was greater than that of adults.In summary,the soil in the historical slag area of the Au ore dressing plant constitutes a serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment and to residents.展开更多
A new class of defects has been recently discovered, which are regarded as double oxide film defects. In this study, a number of Ni-based vacuum-cast test bars were investigated. The fractures in the broken test bars ...A new class of defects has been recently discovered, which are regarded as double oxide film defects. In this study, a number of Ni-based vacuum-cast test bars were investigated. The fractures in the broken test bars were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy （EDS）, as well as Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy （WDS） were used to characterize the chemical elements of the fracture＇s surface. Observation by SEM revealed the presence of inclusions identified as films that appeared to have initiated the growth of carbides. This study has added to the evidence that oxide film defects do exist in Ni-based super-alloy in certain vacuum casting conditions. It provides a reference for researchers＇ further study on the defects, and provides a possible direction for researchers to improve casting technology so as to remove these defects.展开更多
The control of grain size in superalloys is critical in the manufacture of gas turbine blades.The aim of the present research is to provide the technology for producing complicated hollow turbine blades with fine surf...The control of grain size in superalloys is critical in the manufacture of gas turbine blades.The aim of the present research is to provide the technology for producing complicated hollow turbine blades with fine surface grains and better comprehensive mechanical properties.By melt superheating treatment and coating the internal surfaces of shell mould using a cobalt aluminate-bearing coating material,the in-uence of cobalt aluminate as inoculant on the surface grain sizes of turbine blade was studied with addition of cobalt aluminate:0,35%,45%-65% and 100% respectively.At the same time,the effects of cooling circumstances of the blades on surface grain sizes were also experimented under the same addition of cobalt aluminate.The results showed that the melt superheating treatment plays a significant role in the grain size and carbide morphology;and fine surface grains were obtained when the internal surfaces of shell mould were coated using cobalt aluminate coatings.When the addition of cobalt aluminate in coating is between 45%-65%,and the melt is poured into preheated shell moulds with fine silica sand as backing sand,the blades satisfied the surface grain size requirement is over 90%.In addition,comparisons of the surface grain size and the mechanical properties were also conducted between home-made and foreign-made blades.展开更多
We have determined, by means of a bomb calorimeter, the amounts of energy of decomposition of a-AlH3 at constant volume. Two samples were used. The H-contents of these samples （A and B） are 9.64％ and 9.76％ by weig...We have determined, by means of a bomb calorimeter, the amounts of energy of decomposition of a-AlH3 at constant volume. Two samples were used. The H-contents of these samples （A and B） are 9.64％ and 9.76％ by weight respectively, the impurities being mainly LiAlH4, LiCl, Al2O3 and Al.展开更多
Functional ingredients, health functions and current situation of utilization and processing of garlic were summarized to provide theoretical reference for the further development of garlic products and the healthy de...Functional ingredients, health functions and current situation of utilization and processing of garlic were summarized to provide theoretical reference for the further development of garlic products and the healthy development of garlic industry.展开更多
Using N-P-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl-glycine acid （abbreviated as abglyH2） as a ligand, two zinc（II） complexes [Zn（abglyH）2（bipy）2（H2O）2], （1） and {[Znz（abgly）2（bipy）2（H2O）2]. 2（H2O）}n （2） （bipy =...Using N-P-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl-glycine acid （abbreviated as abglyH2） as a ligand, two zinc（II） complexes [Zn（abglyH）2（bipy）2（H2O）2], （1） and {[Znz（abgly）2（bipy）2（H2O）2]. 2（H2O）}n （2） （bipy = 4,4＇-bipyridine） have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by IR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 is a monomeric compound, which is further assembled by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions into a 3-D supramolecular network. Complex 2 adopts a one-dimensional double chain structure and is further linked by hydrogen bonds to form a 2-D structure. Fluorescent analysis shows that complex 1 has an emissive maximum at 337 nm and complex 2 exhibits an emissive maximum at 339 nm in the solution state at room temperature.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32000690 to CH)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2019B030335001 to CH)+4 种基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.20&ZD296 to CH)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG.No.SO1337/4-1,SO1337/2-2,and SO1337/7-1 to PS)the DFG Heisenberg program(No.SO1337/6-1 to PS)ERA-NET NEURON(BMBFNo.01EW1910 and 01EW2108 to PS).
文摘Dendrites are specialized neuronal compartments that sense, integrate and transfer information in the neural network. Their development is tightly controlled and abnormal dendrite morphogenesis is strongly linked to neurological disorders. While dendritic morphology ranges from relatively simple to extremely complex for a specified neuron, either requires a functional secretory pathway to continually replenish proteins and lipids to meet dendritic growth demands. The Golgi apparatus occupies the center of the secretory pathway and is regulating posttranslational modifications, sorting, transport, and signal transduction, as well as acting as a non-centrosomal microtubule organization center. The neuronal Golgi apparatus shares common features with Golgi in other eukaryotic cell types but also forms distinct structures known as Golgi outposts that specifically localize in dendrites. However, the organization and function of Golgi in dendrite development and its impact on neurological disorders is just emerging and so far lacks a systematic summary. We describe the organization of the Golgi apparatus in neurons, review the current understanding of Golgi function in dendritic morphogenesis, and discuss the current challenges and future directions.
文摘Recent invasions by non-native gobiid fish species that are ongoing in the Western European rivers Rhine and Meuse, will lead to interactions with native benthic fish species. Since both non-native gobiids and native benthic species are bottom dwelling species with a preference for shelter during at least part of their life cycle, it is likely that competition for shelter will occur between these non-native and native species when shelter is a limiting factor. To investigate the importance of this mecha- nism for species replacements, various habitat choice experiments were conducted between two common native benthic fish spe- cies （Cottus perifretum and Barbatula barbatula） and four invasive non-native gobiid species （Proterorhinus semilunaris, Neogo- bius melanostomus, N. kessleri and N. fluviatilis）. The first series of single specimen experiments determined the habitat choice of each individual fish species. In a second series of competition experiments, shifts in habitat choice in comparison with the previ- ously observed habitat choice, were determined when a native benthic fish species co-occurred with non-native gobiid species. Native C. perifretum displayed a significant shift in habitat choice in co-occurrence with the gobiids N. kessleri or P. semilunaris. C. perifretum was outcompeted and moved from the available shelter place to less preferred habitat types. During the competition experiments no change in habitat choice of B. barbatula was shown. Our study therefore suggests that competition for shelter is likely to occur in rivers invaded by N. kessleri and P. semilunaris at sites where shelter is limiting
文摘Natural bone constitutes a complex and organized structure of organic and inorganic components with limited ability to regenerate and restore injured tissues,especially in large bone defects.To improve the reconstruction of the damaged bones,tissue engineering has been introduced as a promising alternative approach to the conventional therapeutic methods including surgical interventions using allograft and autograft implants.Bioengineered composite scaffolds consisting of multifunctional biomaterials in combination with the cells and bioactive therapeutic agents have great promise for bone repair and regeneration.Cellulose and its derivatives are renewable and biodegradable natural polymers that have shown promising potential in bone tissue engineering applications.Cellulose-based scaffolds possess numerous advantages attributed to their excellent properties of non-toxicity,biocompatibility,biodegradability,availability through renewable resources,and the low cost of preparation and processing.Furthermore,cellulose and its derivatives have been extensively used for delivering growth factors and antibiotics directly to the site of the impaired bone tissue to promote tissue repair.This review focuses on the various classifications of cellulose-based composite scaffolds utilized in localized bone drug delivery systems and bone regeneration,including cellulose-organic composites,cellulose-inorganic composites,cellulose-organic/inorganic composites.We will also highlight the physicochemical,mechanical,and biological properties of the different cellulose-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51174184)National Basic Research Program of China(2012CBA01202)SRF for ROCS, Ministry of Education of China
文摘This review summarizes the preparation methods of support ionic liquids （SILs） and their applications in rare metals separation The rare metals separation includes the recovery of high value metal ions and the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. SILs can be used as a kind of highly efficient multifunctional separation materials. The preparation methods of SILs include chemical immobilization technique in which ILs moieties are supported on solid supports via covalent bonds and physical immobilization techniques in which ILs are immobilized on solid supports via physical method such as simple im- pregnation, sol-gel method. According to the difference of solid supports, this review summarizes the application of polymer supported ionic liquids （P-SILs）, silica based material supported ionic liquids （SM-SILs） and membrane supported ionic liq- uids （M-SILs） in rare metals separation, P-SILs and SM-SILs prepared by chemical method with N-methylimidazolium group can be used as highly efficient anion exchangers with high thermal stability and good chemical stability for adsorption of Cr（Ⅵ）, Re（Ⅶ）, Ce（Ⅳ）. P-SILs prepared via simple impregnation afforded IL functionalized solvent impregnated resins （SIRs） which showed high separation efficiency and selectivity in the separation of rare earths（Ⅲ） （REs（Ⅲ））. SM-SILs prepared via sol-gel method with IL doped in the support as porogens or extractant show high removal efficiencies and excellent stability for the separation of RE（Ⅲ）, Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ）. M-SILs with IL as plasticizer or carrier show improved stability, high perme- ability coefficient and good selectivity for Cr（VI） transport. Different supports and different supporting methods were suffi- ciently compared. Based on the different practical application, different forms of SILs can be prepared for separation of rare metals with high separation efficiency and selectivity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51174184)National High-Tech R&D Program(2007AA06Z202)+1 种基金Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese ScholarsMinistry of Education of China
文摘N-methylimidazolium functionalized anion exchange resin in NO3 form （RNO3） was prepared and used for adsorption of Ce（Ⅳ） in nitric acid medimn. The adsorption amount increased with shaking time increasing and the adsorption equilibrium was obtained within 180 rain. Ce（Ⅳ） was partially reduced to Ce（Ⅲ） and the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） increased with shaking time increasing. But RNO3 was more stable than other resins due to the high resistance to oxidation. A little increase of adsorption amount was found with concentration of HNO3 increasing. However, the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） decreased with the increase of HNO3 concentration. The addition of NaNO3 decreased the adsorption amount of Ce（Ⅳ） on RNO3 due to the competitive anion exchange reaction. Ce（Ⅳ） was adsorbed on RNO3 in the form of Ce（Ⅳ） anion nitrato-complex. RNO3 and Ce（Ⅳ）-loaded RNO3 were characterized by fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） and thermogravimeric analysis （TGA）. Ce（Ⅳ） could be easily separated from RE（Ⅲ） solution by RNO3.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41201224)Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Henan Province(2021SJGLX138Y)+1 种基金Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project(192102110050)Project for the Training of Young Backbone Teachers of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(2018GGJS047).
文摘Graphene oxide(GO)was prepared by a modified Hummers method using peanut shells and natural graphite,and graphene oxide modified peanut shells activated carbon composites(GO-AC)were synthesized by co-pyrolysis.The optimal preparation conditions of AC were screened by response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize the preparation process.The results showed that the surface of GO-AC had more micropores and larger specific surface area,increased the surface adsorption sites and had more oxygen-containing functional groups.The adsorption process was mainly based on chemisorption,and the adsorption capacity was 3.45 and 1.30 times higher than that of BC(45.16 mg/g)and AC(119.21 mg/g),respectively.After six adsorption-desorption cycle tests,the adsorption amount of Cd^(2+)by GO-AC was still as high as 89.26 mg/g,with a percentage increase of 93.5%and 365%compared to BC(19.18 mg/g)and AC(46.13 mg/g),respectively,with good reusability.The research can provide a useful reference for the high value-added conversion of waste biomass,and GO-AC loading modified with significant adsorption of Cd2+has good potential for application as a novel and low-cost adsorbent.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 51601041and 51301085)
文摘The hot deformation behavior of GH4945 superalloy was investigated by isothermal compression test in the temperature range of 1000--1200 ℃with strain rates of 0.001 10.000 s 1 toa total strain of 0.7. Dynamic recrystallization is the primary softening mechanism for GH4945 superalloy during hot deformation. The constitutive equation is established, and the calculated apparent activation energy is 458. 446 kJ/moh The processing maps at true strains of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 are generally similar, dem- onstrating that strain has little influence on processing map. The power dissipation efficiency and in- stability factors are remarkably influenced by deformation temperature and strain rate. The optimal hot working conditions are determined in temperature range of 1082 -1131 ℃ with strain rates of 0.004--0.018 s-1. Another domain of1134--1150 ℃ and 0. 018 0.213s ^- can also be selected as the optimal hot working conditions. The initial grains are replaced by dynamically reerystallized ones in optimal domains. The unsafe domains locate in the zone with strain rates above 0, 274 s^- 1, mainly characterized by uneven microstructure. Hot working is not recommended in the unsafe domains.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20771054 and 20471026) Henan Tackle Key Problem of Science and Technology (Nos. 072102270030 and 072102270034)
文摘Making use of N-P-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl-glycine acid （abbreviated as abglyH2）,two transitional metal complexes [Zn（abglyH）（phen）2]ClO4·H2O （1） and Co（abglyH）2（bipy）2（H2O）2 （2） （phen = 1,10-phenanthroline,bipy = 4,4＇-bipyridine） have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by IR,elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 is a monomeric compound which is further assembled by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π interaction into a 2-D supramolecular network. Complex 2 is also a monomeric compound and further connected by intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a 2-D supramolecular network. Fluorescent analysis shows that complex 1 has an emissive maximum at 364 nm in the solution state at room temperature.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （21076005） and Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （20090010110001）.
文摘Vapor pressures were measured for six binary systems containing water, ethanol, or methanol with one of the two ionic liquids(ILs) at different component concentrations and temperatures using a quasi-static ebulliometer,with the ILs mono-ethanolammonium formate([HMEA][HCOO]) and di-ethanolammonium formate([HDEA][HCOO]).The vapor pressures of the IL-containing binary systems are well correlated using the NRTL model with an overall average absolute relative deviation(AARD) of 0.0062. The effect of ILs on the vapor pressure depression of solvents at 0.050 mole fraction of IL is that [HDEA][HCOO]>[HMEA][HCOO], and the vapor pressure lowering degree follows the order of water>methanol>ethanol. Further, the activity coefficients of three solvents(viz. water,ethanol, and methanol) for the binary systems {solvent(1) + IL(2)} predicted based on the fitted NRTL parameters at T 333.15 K indicate that the two ILs generate a negative deviation from Raoult's law for water and methanol and a positive deviation for ethanol to a varying degree, change the relative volatility of a solvent. [HMEA][HCOO]may be a promising entrainer to efficiently separate ethanol aqueous solutions by special rectification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41201224)Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project(192102110050)Project for the Training of Young Backbone Teachers of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(2018GGJS047).
文摘The characteristics of eight heavy metals(lead,zinc,copper,nickel,chromium,cadmium,mercury and arsenic)in the surface soil of the historical slag area of the Au ore dressing plant in the South-West of Luoyang City were investigated and evaluated in terms of a pollution index,potential ecological hazards and health risks.The results showed that the average amounts of the heavy metals Pb,Zn and As in the soils of plots S3,S5,S7,S12 and S18 exceeded the soil pollution risk screening values.The Mero comprehensive pollution index in plots S7,S12 and S18 was greater than 3,indicating severe pollution.The severe pollution plot integrated the potential ecological risk index(RI)of each sampling point,which was in the order of RI_(S12)>RI_(S18)>RI_(S7)>RI_(S5)>RI_(S3).Among the heavy metals,Cd poses the greatest threat to ecological and human health.The effects of heavy metals in soil on the single non-carcinogenic health risk index(HQ)and the non-carcinogenic total risk index through three exposure pathways were in the order of HQ_(Hg)<HQ_(Cu)<HQ_(Ni)<HQ_(Zn)<HQ_(Cd)<HQ_(Cr)<HQ_(Pb)<HQ_(As)<1,which meant that the adult and child total carcinogenic risk(TCR)and individual carcinogenic health risk indices CRAs and CRCd were above the maximum acceptable human health level recommended by the USEPA(10^(-6)).TCRAs and TCRCd accounted for 75.65%and 23.94%of the adult TCR,respectively.TCR^(As) and TCR^(Cd) accounted for 75.93%and 23.97%of the child TCR,respectively.Overall,the TCR of children was greater than that of adults.In summary,the soil in the historical slag area of the Au ore dressing plant constitutes a serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment and to residents.
文摘A new class of defects has been recently discovered, which are regarded as double oxide film defects. In this study, a number of Ni-based vacuum-cast test bars were investigated. The fractures in the broken test bars were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy （EDS）, as well as Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy （WDS） were used to characterize the chemical elements of the fracture＇s surface. Observation by SEM revealed the presence of inclusions identified as films that appeared to have initiated the growth of carbides. This study has added to the evidence that oxide film defects do exist in Ni-based super-alloy in certain vacuum casting conditions. It provides a reference for researchers＇ further study on the defects, and provides a possible direction for researchers to improve casting technology so as to remove these defects.
文摘The control of grain size in superalloys is critical in the manufacture of gas turbine blades.The aim of the present research is to provide the technology for producing complicated hollow turbine blades with fine surface grains and better comprehensive mechanical properties.By melt superheating treatment and coating the internal surfaces of shell mould using a cobalt aluminate-bearing coating material,the in-uence of cobalt aluminate as inoculant on the surface grain sizes of turbine blade was studied with addition of cobalt aluminate:0,35%,45%-65% and 100% respectively.At the same time,the effects of cooling circumstances of the blades on surface grain sizes were also experimented under the same addition of cobalt aluminate.The results showed that the melt superheating treatment plays a significant role in the grain size and carbide morphology;and fine surface grains were obtained when the internal surfaces of shell mould were coated using cobalt aluminate coatings.When the addition of cobalt aluminate in coating is between 45%-65%,and the melt is poured into preheated shell moulds with fine silica sand as backing sand,the blades satisfied the surface grain size requirement is over 90%.In addition,comparisons of the surface grain size and the mechanical properties were also conducted between home-made and foreign-made blades.
文摘We have determined, by means of a bomb calorimeter, the amounts of energy of decomposition of a-AlH3 at constant volume. Two samples were used. The H-contents of these samples （A and B） are 9.64％ and 9.76％ by weight respectively, the impurities being mainly LiAlH4, LiCl, Al2O3 and Al.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Tianjin Universities(2017KDZD02)Foundation of Institute of New Rural Development,Tianjin University of Science&Technology(XNC002)Foundation of Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology,Ministry of Education(SPZX005)
文摘Functional ingredients, health functions and current situation of utilization and processing of garlic were summarized to provide theoretical reference for the further development of garlic products and the healthy development of garlic industry.
基金Supported by the NNSFC (Nos. 20471046 and 20771054)Henan Tackle Key Problem of Science and Technology (Nos. 072102270030 and 072102270034)
文摘Using N-P-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl-glycine acid （abbreviated as abglyH2） as a ligand, two zinc（II） complexes [Zn（abglyH）2（bipy）2（H2O）2], （1） and {[Znz（abgly）2（bipy）2（H2O）2]. 2（H2O）}n （2） （bipy = 4,4＇-bipyridine） have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by IR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 is a monomeric compound, which is further assembled by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions into a 3-D supramolecular network. Complex 2 adopts a one-dimensional double chain structure and is further linked by hydrogen bonds to form a 2-D structure. Fluorescent analysis shows that complex 1 has an emissive maximum at 337 nm and complex 2 exhibits an emissive maximum at 339 nm in the solution state at room temperature.
