One option to fight global warming is to convert our use of fossil energy into renewables such as biomass energy.However,the forest preservation and the quality of the ambient air are also two major issues.Therefore,t...One option to fight global warming is to convert our use of fossil energy into renewables such as biomass energy.However,the forest preservation and the quality of the ambient air are also two major issues.Therefore,the use of biomass waste without any supplementary emissions could represent a part of the solution.In this study,two fuels were considered for a 200 kW moving grate boiler.A multicyclone and a bag filter were fitted on the boiler.The first fuel consisted of classical wood chips whereas the second was a mixture of wood chips with sewage sludge.This second fuel presented a high ashes mass ratio compared to wood chips.The aim was to verify the possibility to burn this kind of fuel without any modification of the installation.The first relevant result is that the conventional pollutants,i.e.,CO and NOx,remained under the emissions limits even with the sewage sludge combustion.The Total Suspended Particles emissions at the exhaust were always under 5.4 mg·Nm-3 dry based corrected at 6%of O_(2),which is low with respect to the standard limitation.The majority of the ashes remained on the combustion room.However,with both fuels,about 5%of ashes mass remained in the heat exchanger.Nevertheless,the heat exchanger was more clogged with the second fuel,which produced five time more ashes.This may lead to a yield loss.Thus,sewage sludge can be used in a wood boiler without any issue if an automatic exchanger sweep is fitted on the installation.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their oxygenated derivates(O-PAHs)are identified in soils and groundwater of industrialized sites and contribute to the risk for Humans and the Environment.Nevertheless,data a...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their oxygenated derivates(O-PAHs)are identified in soils and groundwater of industrialized sites and contribute to the risk for Humans and the Environment.Nevertheless,data are scarce in literature concerning their retention and transfer in soils and no soil-water partition coefficients are available for these compounds.Sorption of two PAHs,fluorene and acenaphthene and two O-PAHs,9H-fluorenone and dibenzofuran onto two soils with different organic carbon contents was evaluated and compared by determining their sorption isotherms.Effect of ionic strength and liquid to solid ratio,on fluorene and fluorenone sorption was also evaluated.Sorption equilibrium is achieved within less than 24 hr of mixing and linear sorption models best fit the isotherm data.Acenaphthene and dibenzofuran are similarly sorbed onto the soil.KD of fluorene is higher than the one of fluorenone,showing a smaller affinity of fluorenone towards the solid phase.This means that O-PAH could form larger contamination plumes in groundwater than PAHs.Decreasing the L/S ratio from 100 to 50 and 30,increases the sorption of fluorenone onto the soil by 56% and 67%respectively,while the sorption of fluorene is slightly increased.Increasing the ionic strength of the aqueous phase also modifies the sorption of fluorenone,contrary to the sorption of fluorene which is slightly affected.展开更多
基金This study was realized thanks to the financial support of ADEME and the financial and technical support of LERMAB,especially the ERBE platform.LERMAB is supported by a grant over seen by the French National Research Agency(ANR)as part of the“Investissements d’Avenir”Program(ANR-11-LABX-0002-01.Lab of Excellence ARBRE)and is part of ICEEL.
文摘One option to fight global warming is to convert our use of fossil energy into renewables such as biomass energy.However,the forest preservation and the quality of the ambient air are also two major issues.Therefore,the use of biomass waste without any supplementary emissions could represent a part of the solution.In this study,two fuels were considered for a 200 kW moving grate boiler.A multicyclone and a bag filter were fitted on the boiler.The first fuel consisted of classical wood chips whereas the second was a mixture of wood chips with sewage sludge.This second fuel presented a high ashes mass ratio compared to wood chips.The aim was to verify the possibility to burn this kind of fuel without any modification of the installation.The first relevant result is that the conventional pollutants,i.e.,CO and NOx,remained under the emissions limits even with the sewage sludge combustion.The Total Suspended Particles emissions at the exhaust were always under 5.4 mg·Nm-3 dry based corrected at 6%of O_(2),which is low with respect to the standard limitation.The majority of the ashes remained on the combustion room.However,with both fuels,about 5%of ashes mass remained in the heat exchanger.Nevertheless,the heat exchanger was more clogged with the second fuel,which produced five time more ashes.This may lead to a yield loss.Thus,sewage sludge can be used in a wood boiler without any issue if an automatic exchanger sweep is fitted on the installation.
基金the French National Institute for Industrial and Environment and Risks, and the French National Agency for Ecological Transition for their financial support
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their oxygenated derivates(O-PAHs)are identified in soils and groundwater of industrialized sites and contribute to the risk for Humans and the Environment.Nevertheless,data are scarce in literature concerning their retention and transfer in soils and no soil-water partition coefficients are available for these compounds.Sorption of two PAHs,fluorene and acenaphthene and two O-PAHs,9H-fluorenone and dibenzofuran onto two soils with different organic carbon contents was evaluated and compared by determining their sorption isotherms.Effect of ionic strength and liquid to solid ratio,on fluorene and fluorenone sorption was also evaluated.Sorption equilibrium is achieved within less than 24 hr of mixing and linear sorption models best fit the isotherm data.Acenaphthene and dibenzofuran are similarly sorbed onto the soil.KD of fluorene is higher than the one of fluorenone,showing a smaller affinity of fluorenone towards the solid phase.This means that O-PAH could form larger contamination plumes in groundwater than PAHs.Decreasing the L/S ratio from 100 to 50 and 30,increases the sorption of fluorenone onto the soil by 56% and 67%respectively,while the sorption of fluorene is slightly increased.Increasing the ionic strength of the aqueous phase also modifies the sorption of fluorenone,contrary to the sorption of fluorene which is slightly affected.
