Species abundance and habitat distribution are two important aspects of species conservation studies and both are affected by similar environmental factors. Forest resource inventory data in 2010 were used to evaluate...Species abundance and habitat distribution are two important aspects of species conservation studies and both are affected by similar environmental factors. Forest resource inventory data in 2010 were used to evaluate the patterns of habitat for target species of Cervidae in six typical forestry bureaus of the Yichun forest area in the Lesser Xing’an Mountains, northeastern China. A habitat suitability index(HSI) model was used based on elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation and age of tree. These five environmental factors were selected by boosted regression tree(BRT) analysis from 14 environmental variables collected during field surveys. Changes in habitat caused by anthropogenic activities mainly involving settlement and road factors were also considered. The results identified 1780.49 km2 of most-suitable and 1770.70 km2 of unsuitable habitat areas under natural conditions, covering 16.38% and 16.29% of the entire study area, respectively. The area of most-suitable habitat had been reduced by 4.86% when human interference was taken into account, whereas the unsuitable habitat area had increased by 11.3%, indicating that anthropogenic disturbance turned some potential habitats into unsuitable ones. Landscape metrics indicated that average patch area declined while patch density and edge density increased. This suggests that as habitat becomes fragmented and its quality becomes degraded by human activities, cervid populations will be threatened with extirpation. The study helped identify the spatial extent of habitat influenced by anthropogenic interference for the local cervid population. As cervid species clearly avoid human activities, more attention should be paid on considering the way and intensity of human activities for habitat management as fully as possible.展开更多
Many cities face heat wave(HW) events, combined with the existent surface urban heat island(SUHI) effects. This places pressure on human settlements and sustainable development. However, few studies have investigated ...Many cities face heat wave(HW) events, combined with the existent surface urban heat island(SUHI) effects. This places pressure on human settlements and sustainable development. However, few studies have investigated the SUHI effects from the perspective of HWs. In this study, the summer HWs in Beijing from 2001 to 2021 were calculated, and the evolution of HWs and SUHIs was quantitatively analyzed based on the dynamic nature of the urban-rural boundary. Beijing experienced 27 HWs in the 21 years, including 10 instances in June, four in July, and 13 in August. The SUHI varied during HWs, between 2–3℃ in most years. The highest SUHI occurred in 2019, reaching 3.99℃ and covering the largest area(10,887 km^(2)). The fluctuation in HWs and SUHIs generally displayed the same spatiotemporal pattern, and HWs amplified the SUHIs to a certain extent, with the highest correlation coefficient being 0.44. Additionally, impervious surfaces and cropland contributed most to SUHIs,and night light enhanced SUHIs. Observing the co-evolution of HWs and SUHIs will be helpful for ecological maintenance and urban infrastructure optimization and provide theoretical support for reducing heat risk and improving the human settlement environment.展开更多
The publication of ISO 15686-5 is significant for studies related to the life-cycle costs of buildings. Among the many economic evaluation methods, the NPV method is recommended for use by this standard. This stu...The publication of ISO 15686-5 is significant for studies related to the life-cycle costs of buildings. Among the many economic evaluation methods, the NPV method is recommended for use by this standard. This study explains the concept and method of PV, and then provides an explanation of the concept and method of NPV, and points out the limitations in the practical application of the method.展开更多
Place attachment has been a research focus in the fields of park and recreation management.Place attachment plays an important role in promoting sustainable development of parks and mountain tourism destination,howeve...Place attachment has been a research focus in the fields of park and recreation management.Place attachment plays an important role in promoting sustainable development of parks and mountain tourism destination,however,there are limited studies that identified the spatial patterns of place attachment,especially in the context of mountain tourism destinations in China.Also,the geospatial spectrum of visitors is usually broad,examining the multivariate relationships among spatial proximity,perceived authenticity,and place attachment are essential for mountain tourism destinations to promote destination image and strengthen emotional bonding with targeted visitor groups.In this study,we selected an iconic and highly visited park,Jiuzhai Valley National Park in China,as our study site and conducted an on-site visitor survey to collect 557 samples.Study uses factor analysis and the structure equation model to analyze the relationship among spatial proximity,perceived authenticity,and place attachment.Results validate the two-dimension structure of place attachment and perceived authenticity.Study findings suggest that spatial proximity has significant impacts on existential authenticity and place identity,but has no significant impacts on place dependence.Perceived authenticity has a positive impact on place attachment.Study results advance the theories of place attachment and provide effective strategies to enhance emotional attachment between visitors and mountain tourism destinations.展开更多
Based on urban physical space and theory of landscape ecology,a triune assessment framework—‘size-densitymorphology’—was constructed in order to analyze the spatial pattern and the scale effect of urban resilience...Based on urban physical space and theory of landscape ecology,a triune assessment framework—‘size-densitymorphology’—was constructed in order to analyze the spatial pattern and the scale effect of urban resilience in Shenyang of China in 2015,and to explore the main impact factors of landscape under different spatial scale backgrounds.The results show that:1)Urban resilience is an optimal combination of the resilience of size,density,and morphology.The urban resilience of Shenyang displays scale effect;the overall resilience level increases with the increase in scale,while the spatial difference and spatial similarity tend to decrease resilience.2)As 2 km,1 km and 2 km are scale inflection points of average value curves for size resilience,density resilience and morphology resilience,respectively in an urban setting;the optimal scale unit of comprehensive resilience is 1 km.Choosing 1 km–2 km as the basic spatial scale better depicts overall pattern and detailed characteristics of resilience in Shenyang.The spatial amplitudes of 0.5 km and 1 km are sensitive points for spatial autocorrelation of morphology and density resilience,size,and comprehensive resilience to scale effect.3)The major landscape factors of urban size and morphology resilience transform with scale expansion.Aggregation index(AI)has a significant impact on urban resilience at different scales;its influence increases significantly with the increase in scale.4)The high-level area of comprehensive resilience in Shenyang is the eastern ecological corridor area,while the low value area is the peripheral extension area of the city.To promote the overall level of resilience in Shenyang,this paper argues that the construction of ecological infrastructure should be strengthened in the peripheral extension area in a balanced manner.In the city center,population and building density should be controlled;the intensity of human activities should be reduced;impetus should be placed on landscape heterogeneity;and the homogeneous expansion of the are展开更多
Introduction:One of the most striking features of urbanization is the replacement of the original natural land cover type by artificial impervious surface area(ISA).However,the extent of the contribution of various en...Introduction:One of the most striking features of urbanization is the replacement of the original natural land cover type by artificial impervious surface area(ISA).However,the extent of the contribution of various environmental factors,especially the growth of 3D space to ISA expansion,and the scope and mechanism of their influences in dramatically expanding cities,are yet to be determined.The boosted regression tree(BRT)model was adopted to analyze the main influencing factors and driving mechanisms of ISA change in Shenyang,China between 2010 and 2017.Outcomes:The nearly complete-coverage ISA(≥0.7)increased from 42%in 2010 to 47%in 2017.The percentage of landscape with a high ISA fraction increased,while the landscape evenness and diversity of ISA decreased.The BRT analysis revealed that elevation,regional population density,and landscape class had the largest influences on the change of urban ISA,contributing 22.55%,18.16%,and 11.18%to the model,respectively.Conclusion:Overall,topographic and socioeconomic factors had the greatest influence on urban ISA change in Shenyang,followed by land use type and building pattern indices.The trend of high aggregation was strong in large commercial and residential areas.The 3D expansion of the city had an influence on its areal expansion.展开更多
Traditionally, microclimate, behavior and space design are characterized by a separation among climatologists, behavior researchers and designers. It is also unrealizable to apply the research results to the space des...Traditionally, microclimate, behavior and space design are characterized by a separation among climatologists, behavior researchers and designers. It is also unrealizable to apply the research results to the space design because of the gap created by the interdisciplinarity. In addition, although the relationships among space form, urban microclimate and people are intuitively understood, there are still not reasonable predictions on how a space affects the microclimate, and how the microclimate and space will affect people＇s sensation and behavior. By recording the microclimate and people＇s responses, this paper discusses the relationship between people＇s sensation and microclimate as well as people＇s behavior and open space in a busy downtown pedestrian street during hot summer. The research finds that shade plays a crucial role in outdoor comfort. All of the other objectively comfortable and acceptable microclimates differ significantly different shade situation. Simultaneously, space contradiction can be considered an essential factor for spatial utilization. This paper also provides proposal on canyon open space design based on this case study.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41871197,No.41271201The Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.20170520280The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China,No.171104003
文摘Species abundance and habitat distribution are two important aspects of species conservation studies and both are affected by similar environmental factors. Forest resource inventory data in 2010 were used to evaluate the patterns of habitat for target species of Cervidae in six typical forestry bureaus of the Yichun forest area in the Lesser Xing’an Mountains, northeastern China. A habitat suitability index(HSI) model was used based on elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation and age of tree. These five environmental factors were selected by boosted regression tree(BRT) analysis from 14 environmental variables collected during field surveys. Changes in habitat caused by anthropogenic activities mainly involving settlement and road factors were also considered. The results identified 1780.49 km2 of most-suitable and 1770.70 km2 of unsuitable habitat areas under natural conditions, covering 16.38% and 16.29% of the entire study area, respectively. The area of most-suitable habitat had been reduced by 4.86% when human interference was taken into account, whereas the unsuitable habitat area had increased by 11.3%, indicating that anthropogenic disturbance turned some potential habitats into unsuitable ones. Landscape metrics indicated that average patch area declined while patch density and edge density increased. This suggests that as habitat becomes fragmented and its quality becomes degraded by human activities, cervid populations will be threatened with extirpation. The study helped identify the spatial extent of habitat influenced by anthropogenic interference for the local cervid population. As cervid species clearly avoid human activities, more attention should be paid on considering the way and intensity of human activities for habitat management as fully as possible.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41771178, No.42030409Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.N2111003Basic Scientific Research Project (Key Project) of the Education Department of Liaoning Province,No.LJKZ0964。
文摘Many cities face heat wave(HW) events, combined with the existent surface urban heat island(SUHI) effects. This places pressure on human settlements and sustainable development. However, few studies have investigated the SUHI effects from the perspective of HWs. In this study, the summer HWs in Beijing from 2001 to 2021 were calculated, and the evolution of HWs and SUHIs was quantitatively analyzed based on the dynamic nature of the urban-rural boundary. Beijing experienced 27 HWs in the 21 years, including 10 instances in June, four in July, and 13 in August. The SUHI varied during HWs, between 2–3℃ in most years. The highest SUHI occurred in 2019, reaching 3.99℃ and covering the largest area(10,887 km^(2)). The fluctuation in HWs and SUHIs generally displayed the same spatiotemporal pattern, and HWs amplified the SUHIs to a certain extent, with the highest correlation coefficient being 0.44. Additionally, impervious surfaces and cropland contributed most to SUHIs,and night light enhanced SUHIs. Observing the co-evolution of HWs and SUHIs will be helpful for ecological maintenance and urban infrastructure optimization and provide theoretical support for reducing heat risk and improving the human settlement environment.
文摘The publication of ISO 15686-5 is significant for studies related to the life-cycle costs of buildings. Among the many economic evaluation methods, the NPV method is recommended for use by this standard. This study explains the concept and method of PV, and then provides an explanation of the concept and method of NPV, and points out the limitations in the practical application of the method.
基金funded by Hainan University Social Science Innovative Researchgrant(HDSKTD202013)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(420QN218)。
文摘Place attachment has been a research focus in the fields of park and recreation management.Place attachment plays an important role in promoting sustainable development of parks and mountain tourism destination,however,there are limited studies that identified the spatial patterns of place attachment,especially in the context of mountain tourism destinations in China.Also,the geospatial spectrum of visitors is usually broad,examining the multivariate relationships among spatial proximity,perceived authenticity,and place attachment are essential for mountain tourism destinations to promote destination image and strengthen emotional bonding with targeted visitor groups.In this study,we selected an iconic and highly visited park,Jiuzhai Valley National Park in China,as our study site and conducted an on-site visitor survey to collect 557 samples.Study uses factor analysis and the structure equation model to analyze the relationship among spatial proximity,perceived authenticity,and place attachment.Results validate the two-dimension structure of place attachment and perceived authenticity.Study findings suggest that spatial proximity has significant impacts on existential authenticity and place identity,but has no significant impacts on place dependence.Perceived authenticity has a positive impact on place attachment.Study results advance the theories of place attachment and provide effective strategies to enhance emotional attachment between visitors and mountain tourism destinations.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42001189,41471141)Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research(Jiangxi Normal University),Ministry of Education(No.PK2020006)。
文摘Based on urban physical space and theory of landscape ecology,a triune assessment framework—‘size-densitymorphology’—was constructed in order to analyze the spatial pattern and the scale effect of urban resilience in Shenyang of China in 2015,and to explore the main impact factors of landscape under different spatial scale backgrounds.The results show that:1)Urban resilience is an optimal combination of the resilience of size,density,and morphology.The urban resilience of Shenyang displays scale effect;the overall resilience level increases with the increase in scale,while the spatial difference and spatial similarity tend to decrease resilience.2)As 2 km,1 km and 2 km are scale inflection points of average value curves for size resilience,density resilience and morphology resilience,respectively in an urban setting;the optimal scale unit of comprehensive resilience is 1 km.Choosing 1 km–2 km as the basic spatial scale better depicts overall pattern and detailed characteristics of resilience in Shenyang.The spatial amplitudes of 0.5 km and 1 km are sensitive points for spatial autocorrelation of morphology and density resilience,size,and comprehensive resilience to scale effect.3)The major landscape factors of urban size and morphology resilience transform with scale expansion.Aggregation index(AI)has a significant impact on urban resilience at different scales;its influence increases significantly with the increase in scale.4)The high-level area of comprehensive resilience in Shenyang is the eastern ecological corridor area,while the low value area is the peripheral extension area of the city.To promote the overall level of resilience in Shenyang,this paper argues that the construction of ecological infrastructure should be strengthened in the peripheral extension area in a balanced manner.In the city center,population and building density should be controlled;the intensity of human activities should be reduced;impetus should be placed on landscape heterogeneity;and the homogeneous expansion of the are
基金This study was supported by the China National R&D Program(No.2017YFC0505704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41871162 and 41871192)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.N2011005)。
文摘Introduction:One of the most striking features of urbanization is the replacement of the original natural land cover type by artificial impervious surface area(ISA).However,the extent of the contribution of various environmental factors,especially the growth of 3D space to ISA expansion,and the scope and mechanism of their influences in dramatically expanding cities,are yet to be determined.The boosted regression tree(BRT)model was adopted to analyze the main influencing factors and driving mechanisms of ISA change in Shenyang,China between 2010 and 2017.Outcomes:The nearly complete-coverage ISA(≥0.7)increased from 42%in 2010 to 47%in 2017.The percentage of landscape with a high ISA fraction increased,while the landscape evenness and diversity of ISA decreased.The BRT analysis revealed that elevation,regional population density,and landscape class had the largest influences on the change of urban ISA,contributing 22.55%,18.16%,and 11.18%to the model,respectively.Conclusion:Overall,topographic and socioeconomic factors had the greatest influence on urban ISA change in Shenyang,followed by land use type and building pattern indices.The trend of high aggregation was strong in large commercial and residential areas.The 3D expansion of the city had an influence on its areal expansion.
文摘Traditionally, microclimate, behavior and space design are characterized by a separation among climatologists, behavior researchers and designers. It is also unrealizable to apply the research results to the space design because of the gap created by the interdisciplinarity. In addition, although the relationships among space form, urban microclimate and people are intuitively understood, there are still not reasonable predictions on how a space affects the microclimate, and how the microclimate and space will affect people＇s sensation and behavior. By recording the microclimate and people＇s responses, this paper discusses the relationship between people＇s sensation and microclimate as well as people＇s behavior and open space in a busy downtown pedestrian street during hot summer. The research finds that shade plays a crucial role in outdoor comfort. All of the other objectively comfortable and acceptable microclimates differ significantly different shade situation. Simultaneously, space contradiction can be considered an essential factor for spatial utilization. This paper also provides proposal on canyon open space design based on this case study.
