This study investigated the feature of Chinese peoples?perception of SARS by surveying a stratified sample of 4231 people from 17 cities in China, and primarily pro-posed a risk perception centered predictive model of...This study investigated the feature of Chinese peoples?perception of SARS by surveying a stratified sample of 4231 people from 17 cities in China, and primarily pro-posed a risk perception centered predictive model of psy-chological behavior in crisis. The results indicated that, negative SARS-related information, especially informationof personal interest, will arouse peoples risk perception ofhigh level, and lead to irrational nervousness or scare; but positive SARS-related information, including recovery in-formation and that with measures taken by government, can decrease the level of risk perception. In the middle of May, people felt the highest level of risk on the SARS pathogens; the following are the physical health condition and infectiv-ity after recovering from SARS; they are factors that needspecial attention. SEM result analyses supported our hy-potheses in that SARS-related information affect people抯coping behavior and mental health through their riskperception, the four indices of risk assessment, feeling ofnerv- ousness, coping behavior and mental health areeffective presentimental indices for public psychological behavior in risky events.展开更多
This report describes a new model of emotional stress, which was induced by randomly giving an empty water bottle to rats during watering periods per day for 14 consecutive days. The behavioral, endocrinological and i...This report describes a new model of emotional stress, which was induced by randomly giving an empty water bottle to rats during watering periods per day for 14 consecutive days. The behavioral, endocrinological and immunological consequences were investigated. The data showed that the emotional stress activated both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system, leading to the increased blood levels of corticosterone and catecholamine. It also elicited attacking and exploring behavior, suppressed the immune function of the rats, including leukocyte counts, weight of the spleen, and the level of specific anti-ovalbumin IgG antibody production. Presenting no water and no empty bottle to rats only evoked the exploring behavior, increased the corticosterone level and decreased the leukocyte counts. These findings demonstrate a role of psychological factors on behavioral, endocrinological and immunological functioning. The animal model described in the present study may serve as an analogue mimicking emotional stress experienced in humans (e.g. anger and/or anxiety), and may be useful for further studying the complex relationships among emotional stress, behavior, and immune function.展开更多
Whether the secondary motor areas are involved in simple voluntary movements remains controversial. Differences in the neural substrates of movements with the dominant and the non-dominant hands have not been well doc...Whether the secondary motor areas are involved in simple voluntary movements remains controversial. Differences in the neural substrates of movements with the dominant and the non-dominant hands have not been well documented. In the present study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the hemodynamic response in the primary motor cortex (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA) and premotor cortex (PMC) in six healthy right-handed subjects while performing a visually-guided finger-tapping task with their dominant or non-dominant hands. Significant activation was observed in M1, SMA and PMC during this externally triggered simple voluntary movement task. While dominant hand movements only activated contralateral motor areas, non-domi- nant hand movements also activated ipsilateral SMA and PMC. The results provide strong evidence for the involvement of the secondary motor areas in simple voluntary movements, and also suggest that movements of the dominant hand primarily engage the contralateral secondary motor areas, whereas movements of the non-dominant hand engage bilateral secondary motor areas.展开更多
A novel data processing procedure for fMRI was suggested in this paper, by which spatial and temporal characteristics of stimuli-induced signal dynamic responses can be investigated simultaneously. First the multitape...A novel data processing procedure for fMRI was suggested in this paper, by which spatial and temporal characteristics of stimuli-induced signal dynamic responses can be investigated simultaneously. First the multitaper spectral estimation was utilized to estimate the spectrum of each voxel; the significance of the line frequency components at the interested frequency was tested to detect the task-related cortex areas; the temporal independent component analysis (tICA) was then applied to the activated voxels to obtain stimuli-induced signal dynamic responses. The advantages of this procedure are: few assumptions are needed for the cerebral hemodynamics and spatial distribution of task-related areas, problems which often appear in tICA analysis of fMRI data, such as the lack of stability, reliability and robustness, are overcome by the suggested method.展开更多
The impact of learning on brain functional laterality has not been systematically investigated. We em- ployed an event-related functional magnetic resonance im- aging combined with a delayed sequential movement task t...The impact of learning on brain functional laterality has not been systematically investigated. We em- ployed an event-related functional magnetic resonance im- aging combined with a delayed sequential movement task to investigate brain activation pattern and laterality during a transient practice in 12 subjects. Both hemispheres, involving motor areas and posterior parietal cortex, were engaged during motor preparation and execution, with larger activa- tion volume in the left hemisphere than in the right. Activa- tion volume in these regions significantly decreased after a transient practice, with more reduction in the right hemi- sphere resulting increase in left lateralization. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the physiological significance of brain functional laterality.展开更多
This study has identified the active cerebral areas of normal Chinese that are associated with Chinese semantic processing using functional brain imaging. Ac-cording to the traditional cognitive theory, semantic proc-...This study has identified the active cerebral areas of normal Chinese that are associated with Chinese semantic processing using functional brain imaging. Ac-cording to the traditional cognitive theory, semantic proc-essing is not particularly associated with or affected by input modality. The functional brain imaging experiments were conducted to identify the common active areas of two mo-dalities when subjects perform Chinese semantic tasks through reading and listening respectively. The result has shown that the common active areas include left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44/45), left posterior inferior temporal gyrus (BA37); the joint area of inferior parietal lobules (BA40) and superior temporal gyrus, the ventral occipital areas and cerebella of both hemispheres. It gives important clue to further discerning the roles of different cerebral areas in Chinese semantic processing.展开更多
This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of table and graph that people perceive and the data types which people consider the two displays are most appropriate for. Participants in this survey were 195 te...This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of table and graph that people perceive and the data types which people consider the two displays are most appropriate for. Participants in this survey were 195 teachers and undergraduates from four universities in Beijing. The results showed people's different attitudes towards the two forms of display.展开更多
The neural correlates of 揻eeling-of-not-knowing?(揊OnK? i.e. the feeling-of-knowing judgmentsthat accurately predicted 搉ot knowing?or 搈isses?in the criterion test) were investigated by the event-related fMRImethod ...The neural correlates of 揻eeling-of-not-knowing?(揊OnK? i.e. the feeling-of-knowing judgmentsthat accurately predicted 搉ot knowing?or 搈isses?in the criterion test) were investigated by the event-related fMRImethod through an RJR (recall-judgment-recognition) pro-cedure that adopted unrelated word pairs as materials. Re-sults revealed that, relative to the inaccurate 揊OnK?pre-dictions, the accurate ones were associated with activities in right ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and insula, the areas that were known to subserve cue specification in which the retrieval cues were converted into descriptors that couldbe used for direct memory search. This result implied that the accurate FOnK?predictions relayed more on cue specification?process than the inaccurate ones and was inconsistent with the cue familiarity heuristic hypothesis offeeling-of-knowing.展开更多
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(CAS Program in key direction,Grant No.KSCX2-SW-221:Innovations’Grants of Institute of Psychology,No.2002l7)the National Natural Sciences of China(Emergency Grant No.70340002).
文摘This study investigated the feature of Chinese peoples?perception of SARS by surveying a stratified sample of 4231 people from 17 cities in China, and primarily pro-posed a risk perception centered predictive model of psy-chological behavior in crisis. The results indicated that, negative SARS-related information, especially informationof personal interest, will arouse peoples risk perception ofhigh level, and lead to irrational nervousness or scare; but positive SARS-related information, including recovery in-formation and that with measures taken by government, can decrease the level of risk perception. In the middle of May, people felt the highest level of risk on the SARS pathogens; the following are the physical health condition and infectiv-ity after recovering from SARS; they are factors that needspecial attention. SEM result analyses supported our hy-potheses in that SARS-related information affect people抯coping behavior and mental health through their riskperception, the four indices of risk assessment, feeling ofnerv- ousness, coping behavior and mental health areeffective presentimental indices for public psychological behavior in risky events.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.39830130)the Knowledge Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KSCX2-2-03).
文摘This report describes a new model of emotional stress, which was induced by randomly giving an empty water bottle to rats during watering periods per day for 14 consecutive days. The behavioral, endocrinological and immunological consequences were investigated. The data showed that the emotional stress activated both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system, leading to the increased blood levels of corticosterone and catecholamine. It also elicited attacking and exploring behavior, suppressed the immune function of the rats, including leukocyte counts, weight of the spleen, and the level of specific anti-ovalbumin IgG antibody production. Presenting no water and no empty bottle to rats only evoked the exploring behavior, increased the corticosterone level and decreased the leukocyte counts. These findings demonstrate a role of psychological factors on behavioral, endocrinological and immunological functioning. The animal model described in the present study may serve as an analogue mimicking emotional stress experienced in humans (e.g. anger and/or anxiety), and may be useful for further studying the complex relationships among emotional stress, behavior, and immune function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.30128005,30170325 and 30070250)the State Key Basic Research and Development Progrom(Grant No.G1999054000)the Technology Fund from the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.20010284021)
文摘Whether the secondary motor areas are involved in simple voluntary movements remains controversial. Differences in the neural substrates of movements with the dominant and the non-dominant hands have not been well documented. In the present study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the hemodynamic response in the primary motor cortex (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA) and premotor cortex (PMC) in six healthy right-handed subjects while performing a visually-guided finger-tapping task with their dominant or non-dominant hands. Significant activation was observed in M1, SMA and PMC during this externally triggered simple voluntary movement task. While dominant hand movements only activated contralateral motor areas, non-domi- nant hand movements also activated ipsilateral SMA and PMC. The results provide strong evidence for the involvement of the secondary motor areas in simple voluntary movements, and also suggest that movements of the dominant hand primarily engage the contralateral secondary motor areas, whereas movements of the non-dominant hand engage bilateral secondary motor areas.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.60225015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30370416.30100054)+1 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2001CCA04 100)the Ministry of Education of China(TRAPOYT).
文摘A novel data processing procedure for fMRI was suggested in this paper, by which spatial and temporal characteristics of stimuli-induced signal dynamic responses can be investigated simultaneously. First the multitaper spectral estimation was utilized to estimate the spectrum of each voxel; the significance of the line frequency components at the interested frequency was tested to detect the task-related cortex areas; the temporal independent component analysis (tICA) was then applied to the activated voxels to obtain stimuli-induced signal dynamic responses. The advantages of this procedure are: few assumptions are needed for the cerebral hemodynamics and spatial distribution of task-related areas, problems which often appear in tICA analysis of fMRI data, such as the lack of stability, reliability and robustness, are overcome by the suggested method.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30425008,30128005,and 30170325)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.G1999054000)the Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2002B019).
文摘The impact of learning on brain functional laterality has not been systematically investigated. We em- ployed an event-related functional magnetic resonance im- aging combined with a delayed sequential movement task to investigate brain activation pattern and laterality during a transient practice in 12 subjects. Both hemispheres, involving motor areas and posterior parietal cortex, were engaged during motor preparation and execution, with larger activa- tion volume in the left hemisphere than in the right. Activa- tion volume in these regions significantly decreased after a transient practice, with more reduction in the right hemi- sphere resulting increase in left lateralization. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the physiological significance of brain functional laterality.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.G1999054000).
文摘This study has identified the active cerebral areas of normal Chinese that are associated with Chinese semantic processing using functional brain imaging. Ac-cording to the traditional cognitive theory, semantic proc-essing is not particularly associated with or affected by input modality. The functional brain imaging experiments were conducted to identify the common active areas of two mo-dalities when subjects perform Chinese semantic tasks through reading and listening respectively. The result has shown that the common active areas include left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44/45), left posterior inferior temporal gyrus (BA37); the joint area of inferior parietal lobules (BA40) and superior temporal gyrus, the ventral occipital areas and cerebella of both hemispheres. It gives important clue to further discerning the roles of different cerebral areas in Chinese semantic processing.
基金Project supported partly by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2002B312103)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 3027466)the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of table and graph that people perceive and the data types which people consider the two displays are most appropriate for. Participants in this survey were 195 teachers and undergraduates from four universities in Beijing. The results showed people's different attitudes towards the two forms of display.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30270464),FAIPICS,the Multidisciplinary Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJCX1-07) and by the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Acad
文摘The neural correlates of 揻eeling-of-not-knowing?(揊OnK? i.e. the feeling-of-knowing judgmentsthat accurately predicted 搉ot knowing?or 搈isses?in the criterion test) were investigated by the event-related fMRImethod through an RJR (recall-judgment-recognition) pro-cedure that adopted unrelated word pairs as materials. Re-sults revealed that, relative to the inaccurate 揊OnK?pre-dictions, the accurate ones were associated with activities in right ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and insula, the areas that were known to subserve cue specification in which the retrieval cues were converted into descriptors that couldbe used for direct memory search. This result implied that the accurate FOnK?predictions relayed more on cue specification?process than the inaccurate ones and was inconsistent with the cue familiarity heuristic hypothesis offeeling-of-knowing.
