A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial con...A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the experts.The Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this meeting.This effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these patients.This coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective palliation.The diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreato-graphy.Brush cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for diagnosis.However,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before resection.Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for staging.The only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification.Selected patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver transplantation.Adjuvant chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of recurrence.The use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary discussions.Patients with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage.Palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.展开更多
Lung cancer is an exceedingly malignant tumor reported as having the highest morbidity and mortality of any cancer worldwide,thus posing a great threat to global health.Despite the growing demand for precision medicin...Lung cancer is an exceedingly malignant tumor reported as having the highest morbidity and mortality of any cancer worldwide,thus posing a great threat to global health.Despite the growing demand for precision medicine,current methods for early clinical detection,treatment and prognosis monitoring in lung cancer are hampered by certain bottlenecks.Studies have found that during the formation and development of a tumor,molecular substances carrying tumor-related genetic information can be released into body fluids.Liquid biopsy(LB),a method for detecting these tumor-related markers in body fluids,maybe a way to make progress in these bottlenecks.In recent years,LB technology has undergone rapid advancements.Therefore,this review will provide information on technical updates to LB and its potential clinical applications,evaluate its effectiveness for specific applications,discuss the existing limitations of LB,and present a look forward to possible future clinical applications.Specifically,this paper will introduce technical updates from the prospectives of engineering breakthroughs in the detection of membrane-based LB biomarkers and other improvements in sequencing technology.Additionally,it will summarize the latest applications of liquid biopsy for the early detection,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of lung cancer.We will present the interconnectedness of clinical and laboratory issues and the interplay of technology and application in LB today.展开更多
Mineral malnutrition affects billions of people all over the world and biofortification of staple crops provides a potential way to alleviate dietary mineral deficiencies.For example,nutritional quality is an importan...Mineral malnutrition affects billions of people all over the world and biofortification of staple crops provides a potential way to alleviate dietary mineral deficiencies.For example,nutritional quality is an important breeding target for fresh waxy maize(Zea mays L.),which is widely consumed in Asian countries.Successful improvement of mineral composition will require comprehensive profiling of the mineral composition of maize varieties and an understanding of the capacity for maize grains to accumulate minerals.Here,using inductively coupled plasma absorption emission spectrometry,we quantified 12 minerals from the seeds of 47 maize varieties,including 25 Korean landraces.We also compared the mineral contents in varieties with different seed starch profiles:waxy maize(which contains 100%amylopectin),dent maize(roughly 75%amylopectin and 25%amylose),and flint maize(similar to dent maize).The amounts of potassium,phosphorus,and sulfur were correlated with seed texture,waxy maize having higher amounts of phosphorus and potassium than dent maize and lower amounts of sulfur than flint maize or dent maize.In addition,a positive relationship was detected between the amount of phosphorus and that of potassium,magnesium,and manganese.These results provide information on maize seed mineral composition and indicate that it could be affected by starch composition.Furthermore,the landraces that exhibit high mineral contents could be used as germplasm materials for breeding programs aimed at producing biofortified maize cultivars.展开更多
Ecosystem of eastern Eurasian steppe is facing more and more challenges of global issues such as climate change, food and ecological security and human excessive utilization since the 21st century. Facing on the incre...Ecosystem of eastern Eurasian steppe is facing more and more challenges of global issues such as climate change, food and ecological security and human excessive utilization since the 21st century. Facing on the increasingly prominent international issues, it is very essential for relevant countries, international organizations and domestic counterparts to enhance systematic and mutual cooperation and exchanges to carry out scientific research and develop protection practice on the Eurasian steppe.展开更多
A 21-year-old male presented with complaints of swelling and dragging sensation in the scrotum for 6 months.Local examination revealed a firm 10 cm6 cm4 cm lump with nonpalpable right testis.Overlying skin was free.Ul...A 21-year-old male presented with complaints of swelling and dragging sensation in the scrotum for 6 months.Local examination revealed a firm 10 cm6 cm4 cm lump with nonpalpable right testis.Overlying skin was free.Ultrasonography showed a mass lesion in the right testicular area with multiple heterogeneous foci and mild increased vascularity,however,without any cystic region and calcification.Right epididymis was also bulky and measured 1.6 cm0.7 cm with heterogeneous texture.展开更多
Epsilon-near-zero and epsilon near-pole materials enable reflective systems supporting a class of symmetryprotected and accidental embedded eigenstates (EEs) characterized by a diverging phase resonance. Here we show ...Epsilon-near-zero and epsilon near-pole materials enable reflective systems supporting a class of symmetryprotected and accidental embedded eigenstates (EEs) characterized by a diverging phase resonance. Here we show that pairs of topologically protected scattering singularities necessarily emerge from EEs when a non-Hermitian parameter is introduced,lifting the degeneracy between oppositely charged singularities. The underlying topological charges are characterized by an integer winding number and appear as phase vortices of the complex reflection coefficient. By creating and annihilating them,we show that these singularities obey charge conservation,and provide versatile control of amplitude,phase,and polarization in reflection,with potential applications for polarization control and sensing.展开更多
Nutrition of transition period in dairy cows dramatically increases requirements for energy, glucose, amino acids and other nutrients in dairy cows and, parallel to that, feed intake is depressed. An insufficient or i...Nutrition of transition period in dairy cows dramatically increases requirements for energy, glucose, amino acids and other nutrients in dairy cows and, parallel to that, feed intake is depressed. An insufficient or imbalanced nutrient intake might lead to the malfunction of organs, causing reproductive failure. To minimize the metabolic/reproductive damage caused by negative energy balance (NEBAL), feeding of a glucogenic and lipogenic diet containing fat-enriched supplements is recommended. In heat-stressed dairy cows, the reduction of dry matter intake causes an energy deficit, thereby accentuating NEBAL. Heat stress may also have a direct impact on oocyte quality due to the high ovarian temperatures. The intrauterine environment is also compromised in heat-stressed cows, with reduced blood flow to the uterus and increased uterine temperature;this may impair embryonic development, increase early embryonic loss and reduce the proportion of successful inseminations. Postpartum NEBAL suppresses immune function and promotes metabolic disorders, potentially explaining relationships between infectious and noninfectious transition disorders. In postpartum dairy cows, pathologic ovarian phenomena including ovulatory (cystic corpora lutea) and non-ovulatory (follicular and luteal cysts) forms frequently occur causing decreased fertility. The main objective of this review was summarizing the most relevant information regarding nutrition and reproduction in dairy cows.展开更多
文摘A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the experts.The Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this meeting.This effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these patients.This coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective palliation.The diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreato-graphy.Brush cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for diagnosis.However,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before resection.Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for staging.The only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification.Selected patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver transplantation.Adjuvant chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of recurrence.The use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary discussions.Patients with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage.Palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.
基金supported by Science,Technology&Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area(2023XAGG0071)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2022-I2M-C&T-B-120)+3 种基金Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project,Peking University,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(PKU2023LCXQ008)Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2021RU002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(92059203,82072566,92259303)Peking University People’s Hospital Research and Development Funds(RZ2022-03).
文摘Lung cancer is an exceedingly malignant tumor reported as having the highest morbidity and mortality of any cancer worldwide,thus posing a great threat to global health.Despite the growing demand for precision medicine,current methods for early clinical detection,treatment and prognosis monitoring in lung cancer are hampered by certain bottlenecks.Studies have found that during the formation and development of a tumor,molecular substances carrying tumor-related genetic information can be released into body fluids.Liquid biopsy(LB),a method for detecting these tumor-related markers in body fluids,maybe a way to make progress in these bottlenecks.In recent years,LB technology has undergone rapid advancements.Therefore,this review will provide information on technical updates to LB and its potential clinical applications,evaluate its effectiveness for specific applications,discuss the existing limitations of LB,and present a look forward to possible future clinical applications.Specifically,this paper will introduce technical updates from the prospectives of engineering breakthroughs in the detection of membrane-based LB biomarkers and other improvements in sequencing technology.Additionally,it will summarize the latest applications of liquid biopsy for the early detection,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of lung cancer.We will present the interconnectedness of clinical and laboratory issues and the interplay of technology and application in LB today.
基金support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (PJ01280001) from the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea
文摘Mineral malnutrition affects billions of people all over the world and biofortification of staple crops provides a potential way to alleviate dietary mineral deficiencies.For example,nutritional quality is an important breeding target for fresh waxy maize(Zea mays L.),which is widely consumed in Asian countries.Successful improvement of mineral composition will require comprehensive profiling of the mineral composition of maize varieties and an understanding of the capacity for maize grains to accumulate minerals.Here,using inductively coupled plasma absorption emission spectrometry,we quantified 12 minerals from the seeds of 47 maize varieties,including 25 Korean landraces.We also compared the mineral contents in varieties with different seed starch profiles:waxy maize(which contains 100%amylopectin),dent maize(roughly 75%amylopectin and 25%amylose),and flint maize(similar to dent maize).The amounts of potassium,phosphorus,and sulfur were correlated with seed texture,waxy maize having higher amounts of phosphorus and potassium than dent maize and lower amounts of sulfur than flint maize or dent maize.In addition,a positive relationship was detected between the amount of phosphorus and that of potassium,magnesium,and manganese.These results provide information on maize seed mineral composition and indicate that it could be affected by starch composition.Furthermore,the landraces that exhibit high mineral contents could be used as germplasm materials for breeding programs aimed at producing biofortified maize cultivars.
文摘Ecosystem of eastern Eurasian steppe is facing more and more challenges of global issues such as climate change, food and ecological security and human excessive utilization since the 21st century. Facing on the increasingly prominent international issues, it is very essential for relevant countries, international organizations and domestic counterparts to enhance systematic and mutual cooperation and exchanges to carry out scientific research and develop protection practice on the Eurasian steppe.
文摘A 21-year-old male presented with complaints of swelling and dragging sensation in the scrotum for 6 months.Local examination revealed a firm 10 cm6 cm4 cm lump with nonpalpable right testis.Overlying skin was free.Ultrasonography showed a mass lesion in the right testicular area with multiple heterogeneous foci and mild increased vascularity,however,without any cystic region and calcification.Right epididymis was also bulky and measured 1.6 cm0.7 cm with heterogeneous texture.
基金Horizon 2020 Framework Programme(NOCTURNO 777714,ANTARES 739570)U.S.Department of Defense+2 种基金Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchNational Science FoundationSimons Foundation。
文摘Epsilon-near-zero and epsilon near-pole materials enable reflective systems supporting a class of symmetryprotected and accidental embedded eigenstates (EEs) characterized by a diverging phase resonance. Here we show that pairs of topologically protected scattering singularities necessarily emerge from EEs when a non-Hermitian parameter is introduced,lifting the degeneracy between oppositely charged singularities. The underlying topological charges are characterized by an integer winding number and appear as phase vortices of the complex reflection coefficient. By creating and annihilating them,we show that these singularities obey charge conservation,and provide versatile control of amplitude,phase,and polarization in reflection,with potential applications for polarization control and sensing.
文摘Nutrition of transition period in dairy cows dramatically increases requirements for energy, glucose, amino acids and other nutrients in dairy cows and, parallel to that, feed intake is depressed. An insufficient or imbalanced nutrient intake might lead to the malfunction of organs, causing reproductive failure. To minimize the metabolic/reproductive damage caused by negative energy balance (NEBAL), feeding of a glucogenic and lipogenic diet containing fat-enriched supplements is recommended. In heat-stressed dairy cows, the reduction of dry matter intake causes an energy deficit, thereby accentuating NEBAL. Heat stress may also have a direct impact on oocyte quality due to the high ovarian temperatures. The intrauterine environment is also compromised in heat-stressed cows, with reduced blood flow to the uterus and increased uterine temperature;this may impair embryonic development, increase early embryonic loss and reduce the proportion of successful inseminations. Postpartum NEBAL suppresses immune function and promotes metabolic disorders, potentially explaining relationships between infectious and noninfectious transition disorders. In postpartum dairy cows, pathologic ovarian phenomena including ovulatory (cystic corpora lutea) and non-ovulatory (follicular and luteal cysts) forms frequently occur causing decreased fertility. The main objective of this review was summarizing the most relevant information regarding nutrition and reproduction in dairy cows.
