There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like XYZ states at BESⅢ and B fac...There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like XYZ states at BESⅢ and B factories, and the observation of an intriguing proton-antiproton threshold enhancement and the possibly related X(1835) meson state at BESⅢ, as well as the threshold measurements of charm mesons and charm baryons. We present a detailed survey of the important topics in tau-charm physics and hadron physics that can be further explored at BESⅢ during the remaining operation period of BEPCⅡ. This survey will help in the optimization of the data-taking plan over the coming years, and provides physics motivation for the possible upgrade of BEPCⅡ to higher luminosity.展开更多
MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs that target protein-coding mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. Our previous studies suggest that mir-21 functions as an oncogene and h...MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs that target protein-coding mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. Our previous studies suggest that mir-21 functions as an oncogene and has a role in tumorigenesis, in part through regulation of the tumor suppressor gene tropomyosin 1 （TPM1）. Given that TPM1 has been implicated in cell migration, in this study we further investigated the role of mir-21 in cell invasion and tumor metastasis. We found that suppression of mir-21 in metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells significantly reduced invasion and lung metastasis. Consistent with this, ectopic expression of TPM1 remarkably reduced cell invasion. Furthermore, we identified two additional direct mir-21 targets, programmed cell death 4 （PDCD4） and maspin, both of which have been implicated in invasion and metastasis. Like TPM1, PDCD4 and maspin also reduced invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, the expression of PDCD4 and maspin inversely correlated with mir-21 expression in human breast tumor specimens, indicating the potential regulation of PDCD4 and maspin by mir-21 in these tumors. Taken together, the results suggest that, as an oncogenic miRNA, mir-21 has a role not only in tumor growth but also in invasion and tumor metastasis by targeting multiple tumor/metastasis suppressor genes. Therefore, suppression of mir-21 may provide a novel approach for the treatment of advanced cancers.展开更多
Calculations of the impact of friction and wear on energy consumption,economic expenditure,and CO2 emissions are presented on a global scale.This impact study covers the four main energy consuming sectors:transportati...Calculations of the impact of friction and wear on energy consumption,economic expenditure,and CO2 emissions are presented on a global scale.This impact study covers the four main energy consuming sectors:transportation,manufacturing,power generation,and residential.Previously published four case studies on passenger cars,trucks and buses,paper machines and the mining industry were included in our detailed calculations as reference data in our current analyses.The following can be concluded:-In total,～23％ (119 EJ) of the world's total energy consumption originates from tribological contacts.Of that 20％ (103 EJ) is used to overcome friction and 3％ (16 EJ) is used to remanufacture worn parts and spare equipment due to wear and wear-related failures.-By taking advantage of the new surface,materials,and lubrication technologies for friction reduction and wear protection in vehicles,machinery and other equipment worldwide,energy losses due to friction and wear could potentially be reduced by 40％ in the long term (15 years)and by 18％ in the short term (8 years).On global scale,these savings would amount to 1.4％ of the GDP annually and 8.7％ of the total energy consumption in the long term.-The largest short term energy savings are envisioned in transportation (25％) and in the power generation (20％) while the potential savings in the manufacturing and residential sectors are estimated to be ～10％.In the longer terms,the savings would be 55％,40％,25％,and 20％,respectively.-Implementing advanced tribological technologies can also reduce the CO2 emissions globally by as much as 1,460 MtCO2 and result in 450,000 million Euros cost savings in the short term.In the longer term,the reduction can be 3,140 MtCO2 and the cost savings 970,000 million Euros.Fifty years ago,wear and wear-related failures were a major concern for UK industry and their mitigation was considered to be the major contributor to potential economic savings by as much as 95％ in ten years by the development and deployment of new展开更多
This article reviews the progress made in CO2 separation and capture research and engineering. Various technologies, such as absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation, are thoroughly discussed. New concepts such...This article reviews the progress made in CO2 separation and capture research and engineering. Various technologies, such as absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation, are thoroughly discussed. New concepts such as chemical-looping combustion and hydrate-based separation are also introduced briefly. Future directions are suggested. Sequestration methods, such as forestation, ocean fertilization and mineral carbonation techniques are also covered. Underground injection and direct ocean dump are not covered.展开更多
A very active area of materials research is to devise methods that use machine learning to automatically extract predictive models from existing materials data.While prior examples have demonstrated successful models ...A very active area of materials research is to devise methods that use machine learning to automatically extract predictive models from existing materials data.While prior examples have demonstrated successful models for some applications,many more applications exist where machine learning can make a strong impact.To enable faster development of machine-learning-based models for such applications,we have created a framework capable of being applied to a broad range of materials data.Our method works by using a chemically diverse list of attributes,which we demonstrate are suitable for describing a wide variety of properties,and a novel method for partitioning the data set into groups of similar materials to boost the predictive accuracy.In this manuscript,we demonstrate how this new method can be used to predict diverse properties of crystalline and amorphous materials,such as band gap energy and glass-forming ability.展开更多
The Open Quantum Materials Database(OQMD)is a high-throughput database currently consisting of nearly 300,000 density functional theory(DFT)total energy calculations of compounds from the Inorganic Crystal Structure D...The Open Quantum Materials Database(OQMD)is a high-throughput database currently consisting of nearly 300,000 density functional theory(DFT)total energy calculations of compounds from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database(ICSD)and decorations of commonly occurring crystal structures.To maximise the impact of these data,the entire database is being made available,without restrictions,at www.oqmd.org/download.In this paper,we outline the structure and contents of the database,and then use it to evaluate the accuracy of the calculations therein by comparing DFT predictions with experimental measurements for the stability of all elemental ground-state structures and 1,670 experimental formation energies of compounds.This represents the largest comparison between DFT and experimental formation energies to date.The apparent mean absolute error between experimental measurements and our calculations is 0.096 eV/atom.In order to estimate how much error to attribute to the DFT calculations,we also examine deviation between different experimental measurements themselves where multiple sources are available,and find a surprisingly large mean absolute error of 0.082 eV/atom.Hence,we suggest that a significant fraction of the error between DFT and experimental formation energies may be attributed to experimental uncertainties.Finally,we evaluate the stability of compounds in the OQMD(including compounds obtained from the ICSD as well as hypothetical structures),which allows us to predict the existence of~3,200 new compounds that have not been experimentally characterised and uncover trends in material discovery,based on historical data available within the ICSD.展开更多
Task scheduling is an integrated component of computing. With the emergence of Grid and ubiquitous computing, new challenges appear in task scheduling based on properties such as security, quality of service, and lack...Task scheduling is an integrated component of computing. With the emergence of Grid and ubiquitous computing, new challenges appear in task scheduling based on properties such as security, quality of service, and lack of central control within distributed administrative domains. A Grid task scheduling framework must be able to deal with these issues. One of the goals of Grid task scheduling is to achieve high system throughput while matching applications with the available computing resources. This matching of resources in a non-deterministically shared heterogeneous environment leads to concerns over Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper a novel QoS guided task scheduling algorithm for Grid computing is introduced. The proposed novel algorithm is based on a general adaptive scheduling heuristics that includes QoS guidance.The algorithm is evaluated within a simulated Grid environment. The experimental results show that the new QoS guided Min-Min heuristic can lead to significant performance gain for a variety of applications. The approach is compared with others based on the quality of the prediction formulated by inaccurate information.展开更多
The disinfection of drinking water is an important public health service that generates high quality, safe and palatable tap water. The disinfection of drinking water to reduce waterborne disease was an outstanding pu...The disinfection of drinking water is an important public health service that generates high quality, safe and palatable tap water. The disinfection of drinking water to reduce waterborne disease was an outstanding public health achievement of the 20 th century.An unintended consequence is the reaction of disinfectants with natural organic matter,anthropogenic contaminants and bromide/iodide to form disinfection by-products（DBPs）.A large number of DBPs are cytotoxic, neurotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Epidemiological studies demonstrated low but significant associations between disinfected drinking water and adverse health effects. The distribution of DBPs in disinfected waters has been well defined by advances in high precision analytical chemistry. Progress in the analytical biology and toxicology of DBPs has been forthcoming.The objective of this review was to provide a detailed presentation of the methodology for the quantitative, comparative analyses on the induction of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of103 DBPs using an identical analytical biological platform and endpoints. A single Chinese hamster ovary cell line was employed in the assays. The data presented are derived from papers published in the literature as well as additional new data and represent the largest direct quantitative comparison on the toxic potency of both regulated and emerging DBPs.These data may form the foundation of novel research to define the major forcing agents of DBP-mediated toxicity in disinfected water and may play an important role in achieving the goal of making safe drinking water better.展开更多
Wnt signaling transduces evolutionarily conserved pathways which play important roles in initiating and regulating a diverse range of cellular activities,including cell proliferation,calcium homeostasis,and cell polar...Wnt signaling transduces evolutionarily conserved pathways which play important roles in initiating and regulating a diverse range of cellular activities,including cell proliferation,calcium homeostasis,and cell polarity.The role of Wnt signaling in controlling cell proliferation and stem cell self-renewal is primarily carried out through the canonical pathway,which is the best-characterized the multiple Wnt signaling branches.The past 10 years has seen a rapid expansion in our understanding of the complexity of this pathway,as many new components of Wnt signaling have been identified and linked to signaling regulation,stem cell functions,and adult tissue homeostasis.Additionally,a substantial body of evidence links Wnt signaling to tumorigenesis of cancer types and implicates it in the development of cancer drug resistance.Thus,a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dysregulation of Wnt signaling precedes the development and progression of human cancer may hasten the development of pathway inhibitors to augment current therapy.This review summarizes and synthesizes our current knowledge of the canonical Wnt pathway in development and disease.We begin with an overview of the components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and delve into the role this pathway has been shown to play in stemness,tumorigenesis,and cancer drug resistance.Ultimately,we hope to present an organized collection of evidence implicating Wnt signaling in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance to facilitate the pursuit of Wnt pathway modulators that may improve outcomes of cancers in which Wnt signaling contributes to aggressive disease and/or treatment resistance.展开更多
Propelled partly by the Materials Genome Initiative,and partly by the algorithmic developments and the resounding successes of data-driven efforts in other domains,informatics strategies are beginning to take shape wi...Propelled partly by the Materials Genome Initiative,and partly by the algorithmic developments and the resounding successes of data-driven efforts in other domains,informatics strategies are beginning to take shape within materials science.These approaches lead to surrogate machine learning models that enable rapid predictions based purely on past data rather than by direct experimentation or by computations/simulations in which fundamental equations are explicitly solved.Data-centric informatics methods are becoming useful to determine material properties that are hard to measure or compute using traditional methods—due to the cost,time or effort involved—but for which reliable data either already exists or can be generated for at least a subset of the critical cases.Predictions are typically interpolative,involving fingerprinting a material numerically first,and then following a mapping(established via a learning algorithm)between the fingerprint and the property of interest.Fingerprints,also referred to as“descriptors”,may be of many types and scales,as dictated by the application domain and needs.Predictions may also be extrapolative—extending into new materials spaces—provided prediction uncertainties are properly taken into account.This article attempts to provide an overview of some of the recent successful data-driven“materials informatics”strategies undertaken in the last decade,with particular emphasis on the fingerprint or descriptor choices.The review also identifies some challenges the community is facing and those that should be overcome in the near future.展开更多
Computer vision techniques, in conjunction with acquisition through remote cameras and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), offer promising non-contact solutions to civil infrastructure condition assessment. The ultimate ...Computer vision techniques, in conjunction with acquisition through remote cameras and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), offer promising non-contact solutions to civil infrastructure condition assessment. The ultimate goal of such a system is to automatically and robustly convert the image or video data into actionable information. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in computer vision techniques as they apply to the problem of civil infrastructure condition assessment. In particular, relevant research in the fields of computer vision, machine learning, and structural engineering is presented. The work reviewed is classified into two types: inspection applications and monitoring applications. The inspection applications reviewed include identifying context such as structural components, characterizing local and global visible damage, and detecting changes from a reference image. The monitoring applications discussed include static measurement of strain and displacement, as well as dynamic measurement of displacement for modal analysis. Subsequently, some of the key challenges that persist toward the goal of automated vision-based civil infrastructure and monitoring are presented. The paper concludes with ongoing work aimed at addressing some of these stated challenges.展开更多
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins(BMPs)are a group of signaling molecules that belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor-b(TGF-b)superfamily of proteins.Initially discovered for their ability to induce bone formation,BMPs a...Bone Morphogenetic Proteins(BMPs)are a group of signaling molecules that belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor-b(TGF-b)superfamily of proteins.Initially discovered for their ability to induce bone formation,BMPs are now known to play crucial roles in all organ systems.BMPs are important in embryogenesis and development,and also in maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis.Mouse knockout models of various components of the BMP signaling pathway result in embryonic lethality or marked defects,highlighting the essential functions of BMPs.In this review,we first outline the basic aspects of BMP signaling and then focus on genetically manipulated mouse knockout models that have helped elucidate the role of BMPs in development.A significant portion of this review is devoted to the prominent human pathologies associated with dysregulated BMP signaling.展开更多
MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs, which are capable of silencing gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we report that miR-205 is significantly underexpressed in b...MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs, which are capable of silencing gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we report that miR-205 is significantly underexpressed in breast tumor compared to the matched normal breast tissue. Similarly, breast cancer cell lines, including MCF-7 and MDA-MB- 231, express a lower level miR-205 than the non-malignant MCF-10A cells. Of interest, ectopic expression of miR-205 significantly inhibits cell proliferation and anchorage independent growth, as well as cell invasion. Furthermore, miR- 205 was shown to suppress lung metastasis in an animal model. Finally, western blot combined with the luciferase reporter assays demonstrate that ErbB3 and vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A） are direct targets for miR-205, and this miR-205-mediated suppression is likely through the direct interaction with the putative miR-205 binding site in the 3＇-untranslated region （3＇-UTR） of ErbB3 and VEGF-A. Together, these results suggest that miR- 205 is a tumor suppressor in breast cancer.展开更多
In plant development, the flowering transition and inflorescence architecture are modulated by two homol- ogous proteins, FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT） and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 （TFL1）. The florigen FT promotes the transitio...In plant development, the flowering transition and inflorescence architecture are modulated by two homol- ogous proteins, FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT） and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 （TFL1）. The florigen FT promotes the transition to reproductive development and flowering, while TFL1 represses this transition. Despite their importance to plant adaptation and crop improvement and their extensive study by the plant community, the molecular mechanisms controlling the opposing actions of FT and TFL1 have remained mysterious. Recent studies in multiple species have unveiled diverse roles of the FT/TFL 1 gene family in developmental processes other than flowering regulation. In addition, the striking evolution of FT homologs into flowering repressors has occurred independently in several species during the evolution of flowering plants. These reports indicate that the FT/TFL1 gene family is a major target of evolution in nature. Here, we comprehen- sively survey the conserved and diverse functions of the FTITFL1 gene family throughout the plant kingdom, summarize new findings regarding the unique evolution of FT in multiple species, and highlight recent work elucidating the molecular mechanisms of these proteins.展开更多
基金Supported in part by National Key Basic Research Program of China (2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11335008,11425524, 11625523, 11635010, 11735014, 11822506, 11935018)+18 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Large-Scale Scientific Facility Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS (U1532257, U1532258, U1732263)CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Science (QYZDJ-SSW-SLH003, QYZDJ-SSW-SLH040)100 Talents Program of CASCAS PIFIthe Thousand Talents Program of ChinaIN-PAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyGerman Research Foundation DFG under Contracts NosCollaborative Research Center CRC 1044, FOR 2359Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, ItalyKoninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (KNAW) (530-4CDP03)Ministry of Development of Turkey (DPT2006K-120470)National Science and Technology fundThe Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden) (2016.0157)The Swedish Research CouncilU. S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER41374, DESC-0010118, DE-SC-0012069)University of Groningen (Ru G) and the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung Gmb H (GSI), Darmstadtthe Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (14.W03.31.0026).
文摘There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like XYZ states at BESⅢ and B factories, and the observation of an intriguing proton-antiproton threshold enhancement and the possibly related X(1835) meson state at BESⅢ, as well as the threshold measurements of charm mesons and charm baryons. We present a detailed survey of the important topics in tau-charm physics and hadron physics that can be further explored at BESⅢ during the remaining operation period of BEPCⅡ. This survey will help in the optimization of the data-taking plan over the coming years, and provides physics motivation for the possible upgrade of BEPCⅡ to higher luminosity.
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs that target protein-coding mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. Our previous studies suggest that mir-21 functions as an oncogene and has a role in tumorigenesis, in part through regulation of the tumor suppressor gene tropomyosin 1 （TPM1）. Given that TPM1 has been implicated in cell migration, in this study we further investigated the role of mir-21 in cell invasion and tumor metastasis. We found that suppression of mir-21 in metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells significantly reduced invasion and lung metastasis. Consistent with this, ectopic expression of TPM1 remarkably reduced cell invasion. Furthermore, we identified two additional direct mir-21 targets, programmed cell death 4 （PDCD4） and maspin, both of which have been implicated in invasion and metastasis. Like TPM1, PDCD4 and maspin also reduced invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, the expression of PDCD4 and maspin inversely correlated with mir-21 expression in human breast tumor specimens, indicating the potential regulation of PDCD4 and maspin by mir-21 in these tumors. Taken together, the results suggest that, as an oncogenic miRNA, mir-21 has a role not only in tumor growth but also in invasion and tumor metastasis by targeting multiple tumor/metastasis suppressor genes. Therefore, suppression of mir-21 may provide a novel approach for the treatment of advanced cancers.
文摘Calculations of the impact of friction and wear on energy consumption,economic expenditure,and CO2 emissions are presented on a global scale.This impact study covers the four main energy consuming sectors:transportation,manufacturing,power generation,and residential.Previously published four case studies on passenger cars,trucks and buses,paper machines and the mining industry were included in our detailed calculations as reference data in our current analyses.The following can be concluded:-In total,～23％ (119 EJ) of the world's total energy consumption originates from tribological contacts.Of that 20％ (103 EJ) is used to overcome friction and 3％ (16 EJ) is used to remanufacture worn parts and spare equipment due to wear and wear-related failures.-By taking advantage of the new surface,materials,and lubrication technologies for friction reduction and wear protection in vehicles,machinery and other equipment worldwide,energy losses due to friction and wear could potentially be reduced by 40％ in the long term (15 years)and by 18％ in the short term (8 years).On global scale,these savings would amount to 1.4％ of the GDP annually and 8.7％ of the total energy consumption in the long term.-The largest short term energy savings are envisioned in transportation (25％) and in the power generation (20％) while the potential savings in the manufacturing and residential sectors are estimated to be ～10％.In the longer terms,the savings would be 55％,40％,25％,and 20％,respectively.-Implementing advanced tribological technologies can also reduce the CO2 emissions globally by as much as 1,460 MtCO2 and result in 450,000 million Euros cost savings in the short term.In the longer term,the reduction can be 3,140 MtCO2 and the cost savings 970,000 million Euros.Fifty years ago,wear and wear-related failures were a major concern for UK industry and their mitigation was considered to be the major contributor to potential economic savings by as much as 95％ in ten years by the development and deployment of new
文摘This article reviews the progress made in CO2 separation and capture research and engineering. Various technologies, such as absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation, are thoroughly discussed. New concepts such as chemical-looping combustion and hydrate-based separation are also introduced briefly. Future directions are suggested. Sequestration methods, such as forestation, ocean fertilization and mineral carbonation techniques are also covered. Underground injection and direct ocean dump are not covered.
基金supported in part by the following grants:DARPA SIMPLEX award N66001-15-C-4036NSF awards IIS-1343639+3 种基金CCF-1409601DOE award DESC0007456AFOSR award FA9550-12-1-0458supported by the Department of Defense(DoD)through the National Defense Science&Engineering Graduate Fellowship(NDSEG)Program.
文摘A very active area of materials research is to devise methods that use machine learning to automatically extract predictive models from existing materials data.While prior examples have demonstrated successful models for some applications,many more applications exist where machine learning can make a strong impact.To enable faster development of machine-learning-based models for such applications,we have created a framework capable of being applied to a broad range of materials data.Our method works by using a chemically diverse list of attributes,which we demonstrate are suitable for describing a wide variety of properties,and a novel method for partitioning the data set into groups of similar materials to boost the predictive accuracy.In this manuscript,we demonstrate how this new method can be used to predict diverse properties of crystalline and amorphous materials,such as band gap energy and glass-forming ability.
基金the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC00010543(JWD)the Ford-Boeing-Northwestern Alliance(JES)+2 种基金support by DOE under Grant No.DE-FG02-07ER46433(BM and AT)The Dow Chemical Company(MA)and the National Science Foundation under grant DRL-1348800(CW)supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231.
文摘The Open Quantum Materials Database(OQMD)is a high-throughput database currently consisting of nearly 300,000 density functional theory(DFT)total energy calculations of compounds from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database(ICSD)and decorations of commonly occurring crystal structures.To maximise the impact of these data,the entire database is being made available,without restrictions,at www.oqmd.org/download.In this paper,we outline the structure and contents of the database,and then use it to evaluate the accuracy of the calculations therein by comparing DFT predictions with experimental measurements for the stability of all elemental ground-state structures and 1,670 experimental formation energies of compounds.This represents the largest comparison between DFT and experimental formation energies to date.The apparent mean absolute error between experimental measurements and our calculations is 0.096 eV/atom.In order to estimate how much error to attribute to the DFT calculations,we also examine deviation between different experimental measurements themselves where multiple sources are available,and find a surprisingly large mean absolute error of 0.082 eV/atom.Hence,we suggest that a significant fraction of the error between DFT and experimental formation energies may be attributed to experimental uncertainties.Finally,we evaluate the stability of compounds in the OQMD(including compounds obtained from the ICSD as well as hypothetical structures),which allows us to predict the existence of~3,200 new compounds that have not been experimentally characterised and uncover trends in material discovery,based on historical data available within the ICSD.
文摘Task scheduling is an integrated component of computing. With the emergence of Grid and ubiquitous computing, new challenges appear in task scheduling based on properties such as security, quality of service, and lack of central control within distributed administrative domains. A Grid task scheduling framework must be able to deal with these issues. One of the goals of Grid task scheduling is to achieve high system throughput while matching applications with the available computing resources. This matching of resources in a non-deterministically shared heterogeneous environment leads to concerns over Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper a novel QoS guided task scheduling algorithm for Grid computing is introduced. The proposed novel algorithm is based on a general adaptive scheduling heuristics that includes QoS guidance.The algorithm is evaluated within a simulated Grid environment. The experimental results show that the new QoS guided Min-Min heuristic can lead to significant performance gain for a variety of applications. The approach is compared with others based on the quality of the prediction formulated by inaccurate information.
文摘The disinfection of drinking water is an important public health service that generates high quality, safe and palatable tap water. The disinfection of drinking water to reduce waterborne disease was an outstanding public health achievement of the 20 th century.An unintended consequence is the reaction of disinfectants with natural organic matter,anthropogenic contaminants and bromide/iodide to form disinfection by-products（DBPs）.A large number of DBPs are cytotoxic, neurotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Epidemiological studies demonstrated low but significant associations between disinfected drinking water and adverse health effects. The distribution of DBPs in disinfected waters has been well defined by advances in high precision analytical chemistry. Progress in the analytical biology and toxicology of DBPs has been forthcoming.The objective of this review was to provide a detailed presentation of the methodology for the quantitative, comparative analyses on the induction of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of103 DBPs using an identical analytical biological platform and endpoints. A single Chinese hamster ovary cell line was employed in the assays. The data presented are derived from papers published in the literature as well as additional new data and represent the largest direct quantitative comparison on the toxic potency of both regulated and emerging DBPs.These data may form the foundation of novel research to define the major forcing agents of DBP-mediated toxicity in disinfected water and may play an important role in achieving the goal of making safe drinking water better.
基金The authors’research efforts were supported in part by research grants from the NIH(AT004418 to TCH)the 973 Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of China(#2011CB707900 to TCH)+1 种基金the Scoliosis Research Society(to MJL),MKM was a recipient of Howard Hughes Medical Institute Medical Research FellowshipCS was a recipient of the Pritzker Summer Research Fellowship funded through a NIH T-35 training grant(NIDDK).
文摘Wnt signaling transduces evolutionarily conserved pathways which play important roles in initiating and regulating a diverse range of cellular activities,including cell proliferation,calcium homeostasis,and cell polarity.The role of Wnt signaling in controlling cell proliferation and stem cell self-renewal is primarily carried out through the canonical pathway,which is the best-characterized the multiple Wnt signaling branches.The past 10 years has seen a rapid expansion in our understanding of the complexity of this pathway,as many new components of Wnt signaling have been identified and linked to signaling regulation,stem cell functions,and adult tissue homeostasis.Additionally,a substantial body of evidence links Wnt signaling to tumorigenesis of cancer types and implicates it in the development of cancer drug resistance.Thus,a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dysregulation of Wnt signaling precedes the development and progression of human cancer may hasten the development of pathway inhibitors to augment current therapy.This review summarizes and synthesizes our current knowledge of the canonical Wnt pathway in development and disease.We begin with an overview of the components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and delve into the role this pathway has been shown to play in stemness,tumorigenesis,and cancer drug resistance.Ultimately,we hope to present an organized collection of evidence implicating Wnt signaling in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance to facilitate the pursuit of Wnt pathway modulators that may improve outcomes of cancers in which Wnt signaling contributes to aggressive disease and/or treatment resistance.
基金financial support from several grants from the Office of Naval Research that allowed them to explore many applications of machine learning within materials science,including N00014-14-1-0098,N00014-16-1-2580,and N00014-10-1-0944.
文摘Propelled partly by the Materials Genome Initiative,and partly by the algorithmic developments and the resounding successes of data-driven efforts in other domains,informatics strategies are beginning to take shape within materials science.These approaches lead to surrogate machine learning models that enable rapid predictions based purely on past data rather than by direct experimentation or by computations/simulations in which fundamental equations are explicitly solved.Data-centric informatics methods are becoming useful to determine material properties that are hard to measure or compute using traditional methods—due to the cost,time or effort involved—but for which reliable data either already exists or can be generated for at least a subset of the critical cases.Predictions are typically interpolative,involving fingerprinting a material numerically first,and then following a mapping(established via a learning algorithm)between the fingerprint and the property of interest.Fingerprints,also referred to as“descriptors”,may be of many types and scales,as dictated by the application domain and needs.Predictions may also be extrapolative—extending into new materials spaces—provided prediction uncertainties are properly taken into account.This article attempts to provide an overview of some of the recent successful data-driven“materials informatics”strategies undertaken in the last decade,with particular emphasis on the fingerprint or descriptor choices.The review also identifies some challenges the community is facing and those that should be overcome in the near future.
基金supported in part by funding from the US Army Corps of Engineers under a project entitled ‘‘Cybermodeling: A Digital Surrogate Approach for Optimal Risk-Based Operations and Infrastructure” (W912HZ-17-2-0024)
文摘Computer vision techniques, in conjunction with acquisition through remote cameras and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), offer promising non-contact solutions to civil infrastructure condition assessment. The ultimate goal of such a system is to automatically and robustly convert the image or video data into actionable information. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in computer vision techniques as they apply to the problem of civil infrastructure condition assessment. In particular, relevant research in the fields of computer vision, machine learning, and structural engineering is presented. The work reviewed is classified into two types: inspection applications and monitoring applications. The inspection applications reviewed include identifying context such as structural components, characterizing local and global visible damage, and detecting changes from a reference image. The monitoring applications discussed include static measurement of strain and displacement, as well as dynamic measurement of displacement for modal analysis. Subsequently, some of the key challenges that persist toward the goal of automated vision-based civil infrastructure and monitoring are presented. The paper concludes with ongoing work aimed at addressing some of these stated challenges.
基金The reported work was in part supported by research grants from the National Institutes of Health(AR50142 and AR054381 to RCH and HHL)RW,JG,and OI were recipients of the Pritzker Summer Research Fellowship funded through a NIH T-35 training grant(NIDDK).AH was a recipient of the Urban Leadership Fellowship from Miami University.
文摘Bone Morphogenetic Proteins(BMPs)are a group of signaling molecules that belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor-b(TGF-b)superfamily of proteins.Initially discovered for their ability to induce bone formation,BMPs are now known to play crucial roles in all organ systems.BMPs are important in embryogenesis and development,and also in maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis.Mouse knockout models of various components of the BMP signaling pathway result in embryonic lethality or marked defects,highlighting the essential functions of BMPs.In this review,we first outline the basic aspects of BMP signaling and then focus on genetically manipulated mouse knockout models that have helped elucidate the role of BMPs in development.A significant portion of this review is devoted to the prominent human pathologies associated with dysregulated BMP signaling.
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs, which are capable of silencing gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we report that miR-205 is significantly underexpressed in breast tumor compared to the matched normal breast tissue. Similarly, breast cancer cell lines, including MCF-7 and MDA-MB- 231, express a lower level miR-205 than the non-malignant MCF-10A cells. Of interest, ectopic expression of miR-205 significantly inhibits cell proliferation and anchorage independent growth, as well as cell invasion. Furthermore, miR- 205 was shown to suppress lung metastasis in an animal model. Finally, western blot combined with the luciferase reporter assays demonstrate that ErbB3 and vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A） are direct targets for miR-205, and this miR-205-mediated suppression is likely through the direct interaction with the putative miR-205 binding site in the 3＇-untranslated region （3＇-UTR） of ErbB3 and VEGF-A. Together, these results suggest that miR- 205 is a tumor suppressor in breast cancer.
文摘In plant development, the flowering transition and inflorescence architecture are modulated by two homol- ogous proteins, FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT） and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 （TFL1）. The florigen FT promotes the transition to reproductive development and flowering, while TFL1 represses this transition. Despite their importance to plant adaptation and crop improvement and their extensive study by the plant community, the molecular mechanisms controlling the opposing actions of FT and TFL1 have remained mysterious. Recent studies in multiple species have unveiled diverse roles of the FT/TFL 1 gene family in developmental processes other than flowering regulation. In addition, the striking evolution of FT homologs into flowering repressors has occurred independently in several species during the evolution of flowering plants. These reports indicate that the FT/TFL1 gene family is a major target of evolution in nature. Here, we comprehen- sively survey the conserved and diverse functions of the FTITFL1 gene family throughout the plant kingdom, summarize new findings regarding the unique evolution of FT in multiple species, and highlight recent work elucidating the molecular mechanisms of these proteins.
