Hemolymphangioma of the pancreas is a very rare benign tumor. There were only five reports of this disease until March 2008. Herein, we report a case of hemolymphangioma of the pancreas with gastrointestinal bleeding ...Hemolymphangioma of the pancreas is a very rare benign tumor. There were only five reports of this disease until March 2008. Herein, we report a case of hemolymphangioma of the pancreas with gastrointestinal bleeding due to duodenal invasion. A 53-year-old man had been admitted a referral hospital because of severe anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding in December 2005. He was then transferred to our institute with a diagnosis of a tumor of the head of the pancreas with duodenal invasion in January 2006. No abnormalities were revealed except for anemia in laboratory data including CEA and CA19-9. Gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed bleeding at the duodenum. Computed tomography also demonstrated a heterogenous mass at the pancreatic head and suspected invasion to the duodenal wall. Ultrasonography showed a huge mass at the pancreatic head with a mixture of high and low echoic areas. Pylorous-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. The pancreatic tumor was soft and had invaded to the duodenum. The pathological diagnosis was a hemolymphangioma of the pancreas invaded to the duodenum. His postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged on the 26th d after surgery. Hemolymphangioma of the pancreas is a very rare benign tumor. In a literature review until March 2008, we found five case reports. Major symptoms are abdominal pain and distension due to the enlarged tumor. However, we experienced a case of hemolymphangioma of the pancreas with gastrointestinal bleeding due to invasion to the duodenum. This disease is a very rare entity, but should be considered when patients have gastrointestinal bleeding.展开更多
Recently,nanocellulose and its applications gain high attraction in both research and industrial areas due to its attractive properties such as excellent mechanical properties,high surface area,rich hydroxyl groups fo...Recently,nanocellulose and its applications gain high attraction in both research and industrial areas due to its attractive properties such as excellent mechanical properties,high surface area,rich hydroxyl groups for modification,and natural properties with 100%environmental friendliness.In this review,the background of nanocellulose originated from lignocellulosic biomass and the typical extraction methods and general applications are summarized,in which the nanocellulose extraction methods related to ball milling are mainly introduced.Also,an outlook on its future is given.It is expected to provide guidance on the effective extraction of nanocellulose from biomass and its most possible applications in the future.展开更多
A solid oxygen carrier is usually applied in a chemical looping conversion process to transfer oxygen from the gaseous oxygen source to the fuel,which can avoid the direct contact of these two reactants and hence decr...A solid oxygen carrier is usually applied in a chemical looping conversion process to transfer oxygen from the gaseous oxygen source to the fuel,which can avoid the direct contact of these two reactants and hence decrease the energy penalty of separation.Among the solid oxygen carriers,iron-based oxygen carrier is an attractive option due to its inherent properties of low cost and environmentally-friendly.Several processes such as chemical looping combustion(CLC),chemical looping gasification(CLG),chemical looping reforming(CLR),and chemical looping hydrogen generation(CLHG)have been proposed and investigated based on the iron-based oxygen carrier.In this review,the relevant researches on the iron-based oxygen carrier are summarized,which include the characteristics of iron oxides,the preparations of the iron-based oxygen carrier based on the iron ores and some other low-cost iron contained materials,and their applications in the continuous operated chemical looping conversion processes.It is expected to provide a better understanding for the development and utilization of iron-based oxygen carrier in the practical chemical looping processes.展开更多
Direct electrolytic splitting of seawater for the production of H2 using ocean energy is a promising technology that can help achieve carbon neutrality.However,owing to the high concentrations of chlorine ions in seaw...Direct electrolytic splitting of seawater for the production of H2 using ocean energy is a promising technology that can help achieve carbon neutrality.However,owing to the high concentrations of chlorine ions in seawater,the chlorine evolution reaction always competes with the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode,and chloride corrosion occurs on both the anode and cathode.Thus,effective electrocatalysts with high selectivity toward the OER and excellent resistance to chloride corrosion should be developed.In this critical review,we focus on the prospects of state-of-the-art metal-oxide electrocatalysts,including noble metal oxides,non-noble metal oxides and their compounds,and spinel-and perovskite-type oxides,for seawater splitting.We elucidate their chemical properties,excellent OER selectivity,outstanding anti-chlorine-corrosion performance,and reaction mechanisms.In particular,we review metal oxides that operate at high current densities,near industrial application levels,based on special catalyst design strategies.展开更多
This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa,including five new families,20 new genera,and 100 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new families,Ascocylindricaceae,Caryosporace...This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa,including five new families,20 new genera,and 100 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new families,Ascocylindricaceae,Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae(Ascomycota)are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique morphology.The new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria(Amniculicolaceae),Heracleicola,Neodidymella and Pseudomicrosphaeriopsis(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces(Didymosphaeriaceae),Brunneoclavispora,Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium(Halotthiaceae),Lophiohelichrysum(Lophiostomataceae),Galliicola,Populocrescentia and Vagicola(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Ascocylindrica(Ascocylindricaceae),Elongatopedicellata(Roussoellaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria(Latoruaceae)and Pseudomonodictys(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae)are introduced.The newly described species of Dothideomycetes(Ascomycota)are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola(Amniculicolaceae),Flammeascoma lignicola(Anteagloniaceae),Ascocylindrica marina(Ascocylindricaceae),Lembosia xyliae(Asterinaceae),Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola(Botryosphaeriaceae),Caryospora aquatica(Caryosporaceae),Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodidymella thailandicum(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces palmicola(Didymosphaeriaceae),Floricola viticola(Floricolaceae),Brunneoclavispora bambusae,Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica(Halotthiaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria fagi(Latoruaceae),Keissleriella dactylidicola(Lentitheciaceae),Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi(Lophiostomataceae),Aquasubmersa japonica(Lophiotremataceae),Pseudomonodictys tectonae(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae),Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae(Microthyriaceae),Alloleptosphaeria clematidis,Allophaeosphaeria cytisi,Allophaeosphaeria subcylindrospora,Dematiopleospora luzulae,Entodesmium artemisiae,Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria,Loratospora luzulae,Nodulosphaeria senecionis,Ophiosphaerella aquaticus,Populocrescentia forlicesenensis and Vagicola vagans(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Elongatopedicellata lignicola,Roussoella magnatum an展开更多
Among various electrocatalysts,high entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted great attention due to the distinctive designing concept and unique properties with captivating electrocatalytic activity and stability.To date...Among various electrocatalysts,high entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted great attention due to the distinctive designing concept and unique properties with captivating electrocatalytic activity and stability.To date,HEMs have been a new family of advanced electrocatalysts in the research field of water electrolysis.In this work,the structural features and synthesis strategies of high entropy catalysts are reviewed,especially,their performances for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water electrolysis are presented,in which the crucial roles of structure,composition,multisites synergy,and“four core effects”for enhancing catalytic activity,stability,and resistance of electrochemical corrosion are introduced.Besides,the design tactics,main challenges,and future prospects of HEM-based electrocatalysts for HER and OER are discussed.It is expected to provide valuable information for the development of low-cost efficient HEM-based electrocatalysts in the field of water electrolysis.展开更多
Recent advances in the management of lupus nephritis, together with earlier renal biopsy and selective use of aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, have contribut-ed to a favorable outcome in children and adolescents ...Recent advances in the management of lupus nephritis, together with earlier renal biopsy and selective use of aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, have contribut-ed to a favorable outcome in children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）. Neverthe-less, we believe that a more effective and less toxic treatment is needed to attain an optimal control of the activity of lupus nephritis. Recent published papers and our experiences regarding treatment of young patients with lupus nephritis using calcineurin inhibitors are re-viewed. Although it has been reported that intermittent monthly pulses of intravenous cyclophosphamide （IVCY） are effective for preserving renal function in adult pa-tients, CPA is a potent immunosuppressive agent thatinduces severe toxicity, including myelo- and gonadal toxicity, and increases the risk of secondary malig-nancy. Thus, treatment for controlling lupus nephritis activity, especially in children and adolescents, remains challenging. Cyclosporine A （CsA） and tacrolimus （Tac） are T-cell-specific calcineurin inhibitors that prevent the activation of helper T cells, thereby inhibiting thetranscription of the early activation genes of interleu-kin （IL）-2 and suppressing T cell-induced activation of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Therefore, both drugs, which we believe may be less cytotoxic, are attractive therapeutic options for young patients with lupus nephritis. Recently, a multidrug regimen of prednisolone （PDN）, Tac, and mycophenolate mofetile （MMF） has been found effective and relatively safe in adult lupus nephritis. Since the mechanisms of action of MMF and Tac are probably complementary, multidrug therapy for lupus nephritis may be useful. We propose as an alternative to IVCY, a multidrug therapy with mizoribine, which acts very similarly to MMF, and Tac, which has a different mode of action, combined with PDN for pediatric-onset lupus nephritis. We also believe that a multidrug therapy including CsA and Tac may bean attra展开更多
Thermochemical conversion of fuels via pyrolysis/carbonization,cracking,gasification and combustion has to involve a number of individual reactions called attribution reactions to form an intercorrelated reaction netw...Thermochemical conversion of fuels via pyrolysis/carbonization,cracking,gasification and combustion has to involve a number of individual reactions called attribution reactions to form an intercorrelated reaction network for any conversion process.By separating one or some attribution reactions from the others to decouple their interactions existing in the reaction network,the so-called reaction decoupling enables a better understanding of the complex thermal conversion process and further the optimization of the conditions for attribution reactions as well as the entire conversion process to realize advanced performances.The dual bed conversion and two-stage conversion are the two representative types of fuel conversion technologies developed in recent years based on reaction decoupling.Many technical advantages have been proven for such decoupling fuel conversion technologies,such as poly-generation of products,low-cost production of high-grade products,elimination of undesirable products or pollutants,easy operation and control,and so on.The treated fuels with decoupling conversion technologies mainly include solid biomass and coal,as well as liquid petroleum oil.This paper is devoted to reiteration of the reaction decoupling concept and further to reviewing the research,developments and successful applications of several decoupling fuel conversion technologies of two such types by using fluidized bed as their major reactors.展开更多
AIM: To clarify the usefulness of a new method for performing a pancreaticojejunostomy by using a fast-absorbable suture material irradiated polyglactin 910, and a temporary stent tube for a narrow pancreatic duct wit...AIM: To clarify the usefulness of a new method for performing a pancreaticojejunostomy by using a fast-absorbable suture material irradiated polyglactin 910, and a temporary stent tube for a narrow pancreatic duct with a soft pancreatic texture.METHODS: Among 63 consecutive patients with soft pancreas undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy from 2003 to 2006, 35 patients were treated with a new reconstructive method. Briefly, after the pancreatic transaction, a stent tube was inserted into the lumen of the pancreatic duct and ligated with it by a fast-absorbable suture. Another tip of the stent tube was introduced into the intestinal lumen at the jejunal limb, where a purse-string suture was made by another fast-absorbable suture to roughly fix the tube. The pancreaticojejunostomy was completed by ligating two fast-absorbable sutures to approximate the ductal end and the jejunal mucosa, and by adding a rough anastomosis between the pancreatic parenchyma and the seromuscular layer of the jejunum. The initial surgical results with this method were retrospectively compared with those of the 28 patients treated with conventional duct-to-mucosa anastomosis.RESULTS: The incidences of postoperative morbidity including pancreatic fistula were comparable between the two groups (new; 3%-17% vs conventional; 7%-14% according to the definitions). There was no mortality and re-admission. Late complications were also rarely seen.CONCLUSION: A pancreaticojejunostomy using an irradiated polyglactin 910 suture material and a temporary stent is easy to perform and is feasible even in cases with a narrow pancreatic duct and a normal soft pancreas.展开更多
A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar cells.The control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the mai...A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar cells.The control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of PSMs.In this work,we adopted a solid-liquid two-step film formation technique,which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovskite films.This method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods,which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform,large-area perovskite film.Furthermore,modification of the NiO_(x)/perovskite buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovskite crystallization.As a result,a large-area perovskite film possessing larger grains,fewer pinholes,and reduced defects could be achieved.The inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm^(2)(10×10 cm^(2)substrate)achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56%and significantly improved stability.This method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication.展开更多
This paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa,including one new family,10 new genera,and 76 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new family,Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced...This paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa,including one new family,10 new genera,and 76 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new family,Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced based on its distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes and its unique morphology.The family is sister to Biatriosporaceae and Roussoellaceae.The new genera are Allophaeosphaeria(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Amphibambusa(Amphisphaeriaceae),Brunneomycosphaerella(Capnodiales genera incertae cedis),Chaetocapnodium(Capnodiaceae),Flammeascoma(Anteagloniaceae),Multiseptospora(Pleosporales genera incertae cedis),Neogaeumannomyces(Magnaporthaceae),Palmiascoma(Bambusicolaceae),Paralecia(Squamarinaceae)and Sarimanas(Melanommataceae).The newly described species are the Ascomycota Aliquandostipite manochii,Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis,A.muriformia,Alternaria cesenica,Amphibambusa bambusicola,Amphisphaeria sorbi,Annulohypoxylon thailandicum,Atrotorquata spartii,Brunneomycosphaerella laburni,Byssosphaeria musae,Camarosporium aborescentis,C.aureum,C.frutexensis,Chaetocapnodium siamensis,Chaetothyrium agathis,Colletotrichum sedi,Conicomyces pseudotransvaalensis,Cytospora berberidis,C.sibiraeae,Diaporthe thunbergiicola,Diatrype palmicola,Dictyosporium aquaticum,D.meiosporum,D.thailandicum,Didymella cirsii,Dinemasporium nelloi,Flammeascoma bambusae,Kalmusia italica,K.spartii,Keissleriella sparticola,Lauriomyces synnematicus,Leptosphaeria ebuli,Lophiostoma pseudodictyosporium,L.ravennicum,Lophiotrema eburnoides,Montagnula graminicola,Multiseptospora thailandica,Myrothecium macrosporum,Natantispora unipolaris,Neogaeumannomyces bambusicola,Neosetophoma clematidis,N.italica,Oxydothis atypica,Palmiascoma gregariascomum,Paraconiothyrium nelloi,P.thysanolaenae,Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola,Paralecia pratorum,Paraphaeosphaeria spartii,Pestalotiopsis digitalis,P.dracontomelon,P.italiana,Phaeoisaria pseudoclematidis,Phragmocapnias philippinensis,Pseudocamarosporium cotinae,Pseudocercospora tamarindi,Pseudotrichia rubriostiolata,P.thailandic展开更多
This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic papers where materials are examined,described and novel combinations are proposed where necessary to improve our traditional species concepts and provide updates on their ...This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic papers where materials are examined,described and novel combinations are proposed where necessary to improve our traditional species concepts and provide updates on their classification.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets(rDNA,TEF-a,RBP2 and b-Tubulin)to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic position of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are being proposed,we apply an integrative approach(morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable).Notes on 125 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including eight new genera,101 new species,two new combinations,one neotype,four reference specimens,new host or distribution records for eight species and one alternative morphs.The new genera introduced in this paper are Alloarthopyrenia,Arundellina,Camarosporioides,Neomassaria,Neomassarina,Neotruncatella,Paracapsulospora and Pseudophaeosphaeria.The new species are Alfaria spartii,Alloarthopyrenia italica,Anthostomella ravenna,An.thailandica,Arthrinium paraphaeospermum,Arundellina typhae,Aspergillus koreanus,Asterina cynometrae,Bertiella ellipsoidea,Blastophorum aquaticum,Cainia globosa,Camarosporioides phragmitis,Ceramothyrium menglunense,Chaetosphaeronema achilleae,Chlamydotubeufia helicospora,Ciliochorella phanericola,Clavulinopsis aurantiaca,Colletotrichum insertae,Comoclathris italica,Coronophora myricoides,Cortinarius fulvescentoideus,Co.nymphatus,Co.pseudobulliardioides,Co.tenuifulvescens,Cunninghamella gigacellularis,Cyathus pyristriatus,Cytospora cotini,Dematiopleospora alliariae,De.cirsii,Diaporthe aseana,Di.garethjonesii,Distoseptispora multiseptata,Dis.tectonae,Dis.tectonigena,Dothiora buxi,Emericellopsis persica,Gloniopsis calami,Helicoma guttulatum,Helvella floriforma,H.oblongispora,Hermatomyces subiculosa,Juncaceicola italica,Lactarius dirkii,Lentithecium展开更多
Amorphous high-entropy materials with abundant defects,coordinatively unsaturated sites,and loosely bonded atoms could exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance.However,how to fabricate such ma-terials with nanos...Amorphous high-entropy materials with abundant defects,coordinatively unsaturated sites,and loosely bonded atoms could exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance.However,how to fabricate such ma-terials with nanostructure as well as amorphous structure is still full of challenges.In this work,high-entropy metal organic framework(HE-MOF)is employed as the self-sacrificial template to fabricate FeCoNiCuMnP x high-entropy phosphide/carbon(HEP/C)composites.The obtained composite shows a het-erostructured fusiform morphology,in which the HEP is encapsulated by a carbon layer,revealing high electron conductivity as well as rich catalytic active sites for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Beside,it is found that there is a short-range ordered crystal structure in the amorphous phase,which is bene-ficial for revealing high OER catalytic activity as well as good stability.As a result,the optimum HEP/C composite shows an overpotential 239 mV@10 mA cm^(−2)with a small Tafel slope of 72.5 mV dec^(−1) for catalyzing OER in alkaline solution.展开更多
Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states com...Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states comprising important plant pathogens.They are also endophytes,epiphytes,fungicolous,lichenized,or lichenicolous fungi.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the world.We accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae,Bambusicolaceae,Biatriosporaceae,Lichenoconiaceae,Muyocopronaceae,Paranectriellaceae,Roussoellaceae,Salsugineaceae,Seynesiopeltidaceae and Thyridariaceae introduced in this paper.Each family is provided with a description and notes,including asexual and asexual states,and if more than one genus is included,the type genus is also characterized.Each family is provided with at least one figure-plate,usually illustrating the type genus,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera,and a key to these genera.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders,including the novel orders,Dyfrolomycetales,Lichenoconiales,Lichenotheliales,Monoblastiales,Natipusillales,Phaeotrichales and Strigulales.The paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light.It is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.展开更多
Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference specimens.Awide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa ar...Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference specimens.Awide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed.In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora(Testudinaceae),Camporesia(Xylariaceae),Clematidis,Crassiparies(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Farasanispora,Longiostiolum(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Multilocularia(Parabambusicolaceae),Neophaeocryptopus(Dothideaceae),Parameliola(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),and Towyspora(Lentitheciaceae)are introduced.Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis,Aniptodera aquibella,Annulohypoxylon albidiscum,Astrocystis thailandica,Camporesia sambuci,Clematidis italica,Colletotrichum menispermi,C.quinquefoliae,Comoclathris pimpinellae,Crassiparies quadrisporus,Cytospora salicicola,Diatrype thailandica,Dothiorella rhamni,Durotheca macrostroma,Farasanispora avicenniae,Halorosellinia rhizophorae,Humicola koreana,Hypoxylon lilloi,Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae,Lindgomyces okinawaensis,Longiostiolum tectonae,Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum,Moelleriella phukhiaoensis,M.pongdueatensis,Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi,Multilocularia bambusae,Multiseptospora thysanolaenae,Neophaeocryptopus cytisi,Ocellularia arachchigei,O.ratnapurensis,Ochronectria thailandica,Ophiocordyceps karstii,Parameliola acaciae,P.dimocarpi,Parastagonospora cumpignensis,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Polyplosphaeria thailandica,Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis,Psiloglonium macrosporum,Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus,Rosellinia chiangmaiensis,Saccothecium rubi,Seimatosporium pseudocornii,S.pseudorosae,Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari.New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis(sexual morph described and illus trated)and Pseudocamarosporium pini.Descriptions,illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea,Cryptovalsa ampelina,Dothiorella vidmadera,Ophiocordyceps formosana,Petrakia echinata,Phragmoporthe conformis and Pse展开更多
Coal is the primary fossil fuel most used in the world for the electricity generation, iron making, and cement/concrete and chemical production. However, utilization of coal also results in emissions of CO_2, SO_x, NO...Coal is the primary fossil fuel most used in the world for the electricity generation, iron making, and cement/concrete and chemical production. However, utilization of coal also results in emissions of CO_2, SO_x, NO_x and other noxious compounds. The development of clean coal technology(CCT) is a main issue to maintain a clean environment. CCT in Japan is considered the highest level in the world. In this review, the developing CCTs in Japan including high efficiency combustion technologies, advanced gasification technologies, CO_2 recovery and utilization technologies, and flue gas cleaning technologies are introduced and discussed. It is expected to provide some new view-of-points for CCT development.展开更多
In this study, the main purpose is to develop low-cost catalysts with high activity and stability for high quality syngas production via steam reforming of biomass tar in biomass gasification process. The calcined was...In this study, the main purpose is to develop low-cost catalysts with high activity and stability for high quality syngas production via steam reforming of biomass tar in biomass gasification process. The calcined waste scallop shell（CS） supported copper（Cu） catalysts are prepared for steam reforming of biomass tar. The prepared Cu supported on CS catalysts exhibit higher catalytic activity than those on commercial CaO and Al;O;. Characterization results indicate that Cu/CS has a strong interaction between Cu and CaO in CS support, resulting in the formation of calcium copper oxide phase which could stabilize Cu species and provide new active sites for the tar reforming. In addition, the strong basicity of CS support and other inorganic elements contained in CS support could enhance the activity of Cu/CS. The addition of a small amount of Co is found to be able to stabilize the catalytic activity of Cu/CS catalysts,making them reusable after regeneration without any loss of their activities.展开更多
Stool antigen tests(SATs)are noninvasive diagnostic modules for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.Two types of SATs exist for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection,one based on enzyme immunoassay(EIA)and another on...Stool antigen tests(SATs)are noninvasive diagnostic modules for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.Two types of SATs exist for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection,one based on enzyme immunoassay(EIA)and another on immunochromatography(ICA).SATs do not require expensive chemical agents or specified equipment;hence,they are less expensive compared with the urea breath test.Both European and Japanese guidelines have shown that EIA-based SATs using monoclonal antibodies are useful for primary diagnosis as well as for the assessment of eradication therapy.ICA-based tests do not require particular equipment and are therefore useful in developing countries.SATs are also useful for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection in children and post gastric surgery patients.SATs performed via EIA can assess H.pylori infection in a large number of subjects,almost as well as serology.Thus,SATs would be useful or detecting current infection in such a survey to identify and eradicate H.pylori infection.The accuracy of SATs is lower when the stool samples are unformed or watery,because H.pylorispecific antigens in the stool samples are diluted.Temperature and the interval between stool sample collection and measurement also affect the results of SATs.The choice of test kit depends on the sensitivity and specificity in each region and the circumstances of each patient.展开更多
Mn-Co mixed oxides were electrodeposited on Cu nanowires generated on Cu foam(CF)and used for effectively catalytic oxidation of toluene.The physical and chemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterize...Mn-Co mixed oxides were electrodeposited on Cu nanowires generated on Cu foam(CF)and used for effectively catalytic oxidation of toluene.The physical and chemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by SEM,TEM,XRD,H_(2)-TPR,O_(2)-TPD and XPS.It is found that the Mn-Co mixed metal oxides were uniformly coated on the Cu nanowires by the electrochemical method,whose Mn/Co ratio can be tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of Mn/Co in the initial solution for the electrodeposition.The intimate contact between Mn and Co nanocrystals was found by HRTEM,which is important for realizing synergetic effects on improving catalytic activity.Meanwhile,the formation of the active surface oxygen species and the increase of the active species of Mn^(4+)and Co^(3+)were considered to make significant contribution to the catalytic oxidation of toluene.Mn-Co mixed metal oxide catalysts exhibited higher performance than the single metal oxide,and especially 0.10Mn-0.01Co/CF catalyst with the Mn/Co molar ratio of 10:1 in the initial solution for the electrodeposition achieved the highest catalytic activity with a low toluene conversion temperature(T_(90%))of 251℃,and displayed excellent catalytic stability even in the presence of water vapor.It is expected that such a simply-electrodeposited mixed metal oxides based catalysts could be applied for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in a practical process.展开更多
文摘Hemolymphangioma of the pancreas is a very rare benign tumor. There were only five reports of this disease until March 2008. Herein, we report a case of hemolymphangioma of the pancreas with gastrointestinal bleeding due to duodenal invasion. A 53-year-old man had been admitted a referral hospital because of severe anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding in December 2005. He was then transferred to our institute with a diagnosis of a tumor of the head of the pancreas with duodenal invasion in January 2006. No abnormalities were revealed except for anemia in laboratory data including CEA and CA19-9. Gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed bleeding at the duodenum. Computed tomography also demonstrated a heterogenous mass at the pancreatic head and suspected invasion to the duodenal wall. Ultrasonography showed a huge mass at the pancreatic head with a mixture of high and low echoic areas. Pylorous-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. The pancreatic tumor was soft and had invaded to the duodenum. The pathological diagnosis was a hemolymphangioma of the pancreas invaded to the duodenum. His postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged on the 26th d after surgery. Hemolymphangioma of the pancreas is a very rare benign tumor. In a literature review until March 2008, we found five case reports. Major symptoms are abdominal pain and distension due to the enlarged tumor. However, we experienced a case of hemolymphangioma of the pancreas with gastrointestinal bleeding due to invasion to the duodenum. This disease is a very rare entity, but should be considered when patients have gastrointestinal bleeding.
文摘Recently,nanocellulose and its applications gain high attraction in both research and industrial areas due to its attractive properties such as excellent mechanical properties,high surface area,rich hydroxyl groups for modification,and natural properties with 100%environmental friendliness.In this review,the background of nanocellulose originated from lignocellulosic biomass and the typical extraction methods and general applications are summarized,in which the nanocellulose extraction methods related to ball milling are mainly introduced.Also,an outlook on its future is given.It is expected to provide guidance on the effective extraction of nanocellulose from biomass and its most possible applications in the future.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,no.21506241,U1710101)Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology(Taiyuan University of Technology)the China Scholarship Council.
文摘A solid oxygen carrier is usually applied in a chemical looping conversion process to transfer oxygen from the gaseous oxygen source to the fuel,which can avoid the direct contact of these two reactants and hence decrease the energy penalty of separation.Among the solid oxygen carriers,iron-based oxygen carrier is an attractive option due to its inherent properties of low cost and environmentally-friendly.Several processes such as chemical looping combustion(CLC),chemical looping gasification(CLG),chemical looping reforming(CLR),and chemical looping hydrogen generation(CLHG)have been proposed and investigated based on the iron-based oxygen carrier.In this review,the relevant researches on the iron-based oxygen carrier are summarized,which include the characteristics of iron oxides,the preparations of the iron-based oxygen carrier based on the iron ores and some other low-cost iron contained materials,and their applications in the continuous operated chemical looping conversion processes.It is expected to provide a better understanding for the development and utilization of iron-based oxygen carrier in the practical chemical looping processes.
基金This work is supported by ZiQoo Chemical Co.Ltd.,Japan,and Hydrogen Energy Systems Society of Japan.Chen and Feng gratefully acknowledge the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council,China.Kitiphatpiboon gratefully acknowledges MEXT of Japan for the scholarship,Japan.
文摘Direct electrolytic splitting of seawater for the production of H2 using ocean energy is a promising technology that can help achieve carbon neutrality.However,owing to the high concentrations of chlorine ions in seawater,the chlorine evolution reaction always competes with the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode,and chloride corrosion occurs on both the anode and cathode.Thus,effective electrocatalysts with high selectivity toward the OER and excellent resistance to chloride corrosion should be developed.In this critical review,we focus on the prospects of state-of-the-art metal-oxide electrocatalysts,including noble metal oxides,non-noble metal oxides and their compounds,and spinel-and perovskite-type oxides,for seawater splitting.We elucidate their chemical properties,excellent OER selectivity,outstanding anti-chlorine-corrosion performance,and reaction mechanisms.In particular,we review metal oxides that operate at high current densities,near industrial application levels,based on special catalyst design strategies.
文摘This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa,including five new families,20 new genera,and 100 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new families,Ascocylindricaceae,Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae(Ascomycota)are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique morphology.The new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria(Amniculicolaceae),Heracleicola,Neodidymella and Pseudomicrosphaeriopsis(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces(Didymosphaeriaceae),Brunneoclavispora,Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium(Halotthiaceae),Lophiohelichrysum(Lophiostomataceae),Galliicola,Populocrescentia and Vagicola(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Ascocylindrica(Ascocylindricaceae),Elongatopedicellata(Roussoellaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria(Latoruaceae)and Pseudomonodictys(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae)are introduced.The newly described species of Dothideomycetes(Ascomycota)are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola(Amniculicolaceae),Flammeascoma lignicola(Anteagloniaceae),Ascocylindrica marina(Ascocylindricaceae),Lembosia xyliae(Asterinaceae),Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola(Botryosphaeriaceae),Caryospora aquatica(Caryosporaceae),Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodidymella thailandicum(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces palmicola(Didymosphaeriaceae),Floricola viticola(Floricolaceae),Brunneoclavispora bambusae,Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica(Halotthiaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria fagi(Latoruaceae),Keissleriella dactylidicola(Lentitheciaceae),Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi(Lophiostomataceae),Aquasubmersa japonica(Lophiotremataceae),Pseudomonodictys tectonae(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae),Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae(Microthyriaceae),Alloleptosphaeria clematidis,Allophaeosphaeria cytisi,Allophaeosphaeria subcylindrospora,Dematiopleospora luzulae,Entodesmium artemisiae,Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria,Loratospora luzulae,Nodulosphaeria senecionis,Ophiosphaerella aquaticus,Populocrescentia forlicesenensis and Vagicola vagans(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Elongatopedicellata lignicola,Roussoella magnatum an
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(NO.202300410433)ZiQoo Chemical Co.Ltd,Japan.We also appreciate Mr Lijie Hou of the Shiyanjia Lab(www.shiyanjia.com)for providing the supporting materials.
文摘Among various electrocatalysts,high entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted great attention due to the distinctive designing concept and unique properties with captivating electrocatalytic activity and stability.To date,HEMs have been a new family of advanced electrocatalysts in the research field of water electrolysis.In this work,the structural features and synthesis strategies of high entropy catalysts are reviewed,especially,their performances for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water electrolysis are presented,in which the crucial roles of structure,composition,multisites synergy,and“four core effects”for enhancing catalytic activity,stability,and resistance of electrochemical corrosion are introduced.Besides,the design tactics,main challenges,and future prospects of HEM-based electrocatalysts for HER and OER are discussed.It is expected to provide valuable information for the development of low-cost efficient HEM-based electrocatalysts in the field of water electrolysis.
文摘Recent advances in the management of lupus nephritis, together with earlier renal biopsy and selective use of aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, have contribut-ed to a favorable outcome in children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）. Neverthe-less, we believe that a more effective and less toxic treatment is needed to attain an optimal control of the activity of lupus nephritis. Recent published papers and our experiences regarding treatment of young patients with lupus nephritis using calcineurin inhibitors are re-viewed. Although it has been reported that intermittent monthly pulses of intravenous cyclophosphamide （IVCY） are effective for preserving renal function in adult pa-tients, CPA is a potent immunosuppressive agent thatinduces severe toxicity, including myelo- and gonadal toxicity, and increases the risk of secondary malig-nancy. Thus, treatment for controlling lupus nephritis activity, especially in children and adolescents, remains challenging. Cyclosporine A （CsA） and tacrolimus （Tac） are T-cell-specific calcineurin inhibitors that prevent the activation of helper T cells, thereby inhibiting thetranscription of the early activation genes of interleu-kin （IL）-2 and suppressing T cell-induced activation of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Therefore, both drugs, which we believe may be less cytotoxic, are attractive therapeutic options for young patients with lupus nephritis. Recently, a multidrug regimen of prednisolone （PDN）, Tac, and mycophenolate mofetile （MMF） has been found effective and relatively safe in adult lupus nephritis. Since the mechanisms of action of MMF and Tac are probably complementary, multidrug therapy for lupus nephritis may be useful. We propose as an alternative to IVCY, a multidrug therapy with mizoribine, which acts very similarly to MMF, and Tac, which has a different mode of action, combined with PDN for pediatric-onset lupus nephritis. We also believe that a multidrug therapy including CsA and Tac may bean attra
基金The authors are grateful to financial support of the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB744303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91534125).
文摘Thermochemical conversion of fuels via pyrolysis/carbonization,cracking,gasification and combustion has to involve a number of individual reactions called attribution reactions to form an intercorrelated reaction network for any conversion process.By separating one or some attribution reactions from the others to decouple their interactions existing in the reaction network,the so-called reaction decoupling enables a better understanding of the complex thermal conversion process and further the optimization of the conditions for attribution reactions as well as the entire conversion process to realize advanced performances.The dual bed conversion and two-stage conversion are the two representative types of fuel conversion technologies developed in recent years based on reaction decoupling.Many technical advantages have been proven for such decoupling fuel conversion technologies,such as poly-generation of products,low-cost production of high-grade products,elimination of undesirable products or pollutants,easy operation and control,and so on.The treated fuels with decoupling conversion technologies mainly include solid biomass and coal,as well as liquid petroleum oil.This paper is devoted to reiteration of the reaction decoupling concept and further to reviewing the research,developments and successful applications of several decoupling fuel conversion technologies of two such types by using fluidized bed as their major reactors.
文摘AIM: To clarify the usefulness of a new method for performing a pancreaticojejunostomy by using a fast-absorbable suture material irradiated polyglactin 910, and a temporary stent tube for a narrow pancreatic duct with a soft pancreatic texture.METHODS: Among 63 consecutive patients with soft pancreas undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy from 2003 to 2006, 35 patients were treated with a new reconstructive method. Briefly, after the pancreatic transaction, a stent tube was inserted into the lumen of the pancreatic duct and ligated with it by a fast-absorbable suture. Another tip of the stent tube was introduced into the intestinal lumen at the jejunal limb, where a purse-string suture was made by another fast-absorbable suture to roughly fix the tube. The pancreaticojejunostomy was completed by ligating two fast-absorbable sutures to approximate the ductal end and the jejunal mucosa, and by adding a rough anastomosis between the pancreatic parenchyma and the seromuscular layer of the jejunum. The initial surgical results with this method were retrospectively compared with those of the 28 patients treated with conventional duct-to-mucosa anastomosis.RESULTS: The incidences of postoperative morbidity including pancreatic fistula were comparable between the two groups (new; 3%-17% vs conventional; 7%-14% according to the definitions). There was no mortality and re-admission. Late complications were also rarely seen.CONCLUSION: A pancreaticojejunostomy using an irradiated polyglactin 910 suture material and a temporary stent is easy to perform and is feasible even in cases with a narrow pancreatic duct and a normal soft pancreas.
基金the financial support from Shanxi Province Science and Technology Department(20201101012,202101060301016)the support from the APRC Grant of the City University of Hong Kong(9380086)+5 种基金the TCFS Grant(GHP/018/20SZ)MRP Grant(MRP/040/21X)from the Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kongthe Green Tech Fund(202020164)from the Environment and Ecology Bureau of Hong Kongthe GRF grants(11307621,11316422)from the Research Grants Council of Hong KongGuangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2019B030302007)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials(2019B121205002).
文摘A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar cells.The control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of PSMs.In this work,we adopted a solid-liquid two-step film formation technique,which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovskite films.This method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods,which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform,large-area perovskite film.Furthermore,modification of the NiO_(x)/perovskite buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovskite crystallization.As a result,a large-area perovskite film possessing larger grains,fewer pinholes,and reduced defects could be achieved.The inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm^(2)(10×10 cm^(2)substrate)achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56%and significantly improved stability.This method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication.
基金The research was supported by 1)Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.KSCX2-EW-Z-9).K.Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,25440199)for financial support.This project was supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Saudi Arabia.This project was also supported by NSTIP strategic technologies program,number(12-BIO2840-02)in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.B.Buyck and V.Hofstetter acknowledge the ATM“Emergences”(Dirs.P.Janvier&S.Peigné)from the National museum of natural history,Paris,for financial support related to sequencing as well as travel expenses in Madagascar.Overseas travel of B.Buyck was funded by the ATM research program“Etat et structure phylogénétique de la biodiversitéactuelle et fossile”of the Paris’Museum.(director Ph.Janvier)S.Adamčík acknowledges funding by his national Slovak Project VEGA 02/0075/14.B.D.Shenoy acknowledges funding to visit Mae Fah Luang University,Chiang Rai under Indo-Thailand bilateral programme(THAI-1205).The Lewis family is warmly thanked for their generous hospitality,offering excellent and very agreeable working and field condition.K.Wisitrassameewong and A.Verbeken were financially supported by the joint doctorate program of the“Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds Gent University”(BOF),Gent University.This research was also financial supported by The Biodiversity and Training Program(BRT R 149009)and Interaction Laboratory(BMIT),National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)Khlong Luang,Pathum Thani 12120,Thailand.Thanks are extended to the Thailand Research Fund grant(BRG 5580009)under the research grant entitled“Taxonomy,Phylogeny and Biochemistry of Thai Basidiomycetes”for financial support.J.Chen and R.L.Zhao would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:31000013,31360014 and 31470152).Uwe Braun,Walter Jaklitsch,Tom May,Marc Stadler and Jo Taylor,are thanks for commenting on some parts of the manuscript.Shaun Pennycook is
文摘This paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa,including one new family,10 new genera,and 76 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new family,Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced based on its distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes and its unique morphology.The family is sister to Biatriosporaceae and Roussoellaceae.The new genera are Allophaeosphaeria(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Amphibambusa(Amphisphaeriaceae),Brunneomycosphaerella(Capnodiales genera incertae cedis),Chaetocapnodium(Capnodiaceae),Flammeascoma(Anteagloniaceae),Multiseptospora(Pleosporales genera incertae cedis),Neogaeumannomyces(Magnaporthaceae),Palmiascoma(Bambusicolaceae),Paralecia(Squamarinaceae)and Sarimanas(Melanommataceae).The newly described species are the Ascomycota Aliquandostipite manochii,Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis,A.muriformia,Alternaria cesenica,Amphibambusa bambusicola,Amphisphaeria sorbi,Annulohypoxylon thailandicum,Atrotorquata spartii,Brunneomycosphaerella laburni,Byssosphaeria musae,Camarosporium aborescentis,C.aureum,C.frutexensis,Chaetocapnodium siamensis,Chaetothyrium agathis,Colletotrichum sedi,Conicomyces pseudotransvaalensis,Cytospora berberidis,C.sibiraeae,Diaporthe thunbergiicola,Diatrype palmicola,Dictyosporium aquaticum,D.meiosporum,D.thailandicum,Didymella cirsii,Dinemasporium nelloi,Flammeascoma bambusae,Kalmusia italica,K.spartii,Keissleriella sparticola,Lauriomyces synnematicus,Leptosphaeria ebuli,Lophiostoma pseudodictyosporium,L.ravennicum,Lophiotrema eburnoides,Montagnula graminicola,Multiseptospora thailandica,Myrothecium macrosporum,Natantispora unipolaris,Neogaeumannomyces bambusicola,Neosetophoma clematidis,N.italica,Oxydothis atypica,Palmiascoma gregariascomum,Paraconiothyrium nelloi,P.thysanolaenae,Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola,Paralecia pratorum,Paraphaeosphaeria spartii,Pestalotiopsis digitalis,P.dracontomelon,P.italiana,Phaeoisaria pseudoclematidis,Phragmocapnias philippinensis,Pseudocamarosporium cotinae,Pseudocercospora tamarindi,Pseudotrichia rubriostiolata,P.thailandic
基金K.D.Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund grant no RSA5980068 entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Project Number 2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.Financial support by the German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)and the Thai Royal Golden Ph.D.Jubilee-Industry program(RGJ)for a joint TRF-DAAD PPP(2012-2014)academic exchange grant to K.D.Hyde and M.Stadler,and the RGJ for a personal grant to B.Thongbai(No.Ph.D/0138/2553 in 4.S.MF/53/A.3)is gratefully acknowledged.Chayanard Phukhamsakda(PHD/0020/2557)acknowledges the The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program under the Thailand Research Fund.Mingkwan Doilom acknowledges the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2)under the Thailand Research Fund.Ausana Mapook is grateful to Research and Researchers for Industries(RRI)PHD57I0012.Rungtiwa Phookamsak sincerely appreciates The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD/0090/2551 in 4.S.MF/51/A.1)under the Thailand Research Fund for financial support.Qi Zhao thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31360015)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams,and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX2-EW-Z-9 and KIB2016002)+2 种基金KNAR acknowledges support from the University Grants Commission(UGC),India,in the form of a Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship(Grant No.F.14-2(SC)/2009(SA-III)(and the permissions given to him for collecting agaric specimens from the forests of Kerala by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests,Government of Kerala(WL12-4042/2009 dated 05-08-2009)This Project was funded by the National Plan for Science,Technology and Innovation(MAARIFAH),King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Award Number(12-BIO2840-02)B.K.Cui thanked for the finance by the Fundamental Resear
文摘This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic papers where materials are examined,described and novel combinations are proposed where necessary to improve our traditional species concepts and provide updates on their classification.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets(rDNA,TEF-a,RBP2 and b-Tubulin)to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic position of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are being proposed,we apply an integrative approach(morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable).Notes on 125 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including eight new genera,101 new species,two new combinations,one neotype,four reference specimens,new host or distribution records for eight species and one alternative morphs.The new genera introduced in this paper are Alloarthopyrenia,Arundellina,Camarosporioides,Neomassaria,Neomassarina,Neotruncatella,Paracapsulospora and Pseudophaeosphaeria.The new species are Alfaria spartii,Alloarthopyrenia italica,Anthostomella ravenna,An.thailandica,Arthrinium paraphaeospermum,Arundellina typhae,Aspergillus koreanus,Asterina cynometrae,Bertiella ellipsoidea,Blastophorum aquaticum,Cainia globosa,Camarosporioides phragmitis,Ceramothyrium menglunense,Chaetosphaeronema achilleae,Chlamydotubeufia helicospora,Ciliochorella phanericola,Clavulinopsis aurantiaca,Colletotrichum insertae,Comoclathris italica,Coronophora myricoides,Cortinarius fulvescentoideus,Co.nymphatus,Co.pseudobulliardioides,Co.tenuifulvescens,Cunninghamella gigacellularis,Cyathus pyristriatus,Cytospora cotini,Dematiopleospora alliariae,De.cirsii,Diaporthe aseana,Di.garethjonesii,Distoseptispora multiseptata,Dis.tectonae,Dis.tectonigena,Dothiora buxi,Emericellopsis persica,Gloniopsis calami,Helicoma guttulatum,Helvella floriforma,H.oblongispora,Hermatomyces subiculosa,Juncaceicola italica,Lactarius dirkii,Lentithecium
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.202300410433)the College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training(No.2022cxcy029),ChinaHirosaki University,Japan,are appreciated.
文摘Amorphous high-entropy materials with abundant defects,coordinatively unsaturated sites,and loosely bonded atoms could exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance.However,how to fabricate such ma-terials with nanostructure as well as amorphous structure is still full of challenges.In this work,high-entropy metal organic framework(HE-MOF)is employed as the self-sacrificial template to fabricate FeCoNiCuMnP x high-entropy phosphide/carbon(HEP/C)composites.The obtained composite shows a het-erostructured fusiform morphology,in which the HEP is encapsulated by a carbon layer,revealing high electron conductivity as well as rich catalytic active sites for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Beside,it is found that there is a short-range ordered crystal structure in the amorphous phase,which is bene-ficial for revealing high OER catalytic activity as well as good stability.As a result,the optimum HEP/C composite shows an overpotential 239 mV@10 mA cm^(−2)with a small Tafel slope of 72.5 mV dec^(−1) for catalyzing OER in alkaline solution.
基金We also thank Siriporn Luesuwan for arranging the loan of specimens from various herbaria.A.Ariyawansa and J.C Kang are grateful to the International collaboration plan of Science and Technology at Guizhou Province(contract No.[2012]7006)the construction of innovation talent team of Science and Technology at Guizhou Province(contract No.[2012]4007)+10 种基金China.D.J.Bhat is thankful to MFU for a Visiting Professorship during the tenure of which this paper was finalized.D.L.Hawksworth contributed to this work while in receipt of support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(CGL2011-25003)Haixia Wu would like to thank the Grant for Essential Scientific Research of National Non-profit Institute to funds for research(No.CAFYBB2007002)thanks Xiaoming Chen,Ying Feng and Chen Hang(The Research Institute of Resource Insects,Chinese Academy of Forestry,China)for their valuable help.Jian-Kui Liu would like to thank Manfred Binder for providing valuable suggestions and kind assistance on phylogenetic analysisWe would like to thank MFU grant No.56101020032 for funding to study taxonomy and phylogeny of selected families of DothideomycetesJiye Yan and Xinghong Li would like to thank CARS-30 for funds.K.Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,25440199)for financial supportK.L.Pang would like to thank National Science Council of Taiwan for financial support(NSC101-2621-B-019-001-MY3).L.Muggia is grateful to the Austrian Science Foundation for financial support(FWF,P24114-B16 and Herta-Firnberg Project T481-B20)M.Doilom would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee(RGJ)Ph.D.Program grant No.Ph.D./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2MP Nelsen and R Lücking are grateful to the NSF(DEB 0715660“Neotropical Epiphytic Microlichens-An Innovative Inventory of a Highly Diverse yet Little Known Group of Symbiotic Organisms”DEB 0717476“Systematics of Dothideomycetes”)MP Nelsen also acknowledges a Brown Family Fellowship through the Field Museum,a Wi
文摘Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states comprising important plant pathogens.They are also endophytes,epiphytes,fungicolous,lichenized,or lichenicolous fungi.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the world.We accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae,Bambusicolaceae,Biatriosporaceae,Lichenoconiaceae,Muyocopronaceae,Paranectriellaceae,Roussoellaceae,Salsugineaceae,Seynesiopeltidaceae and Thyridariaceae introduced in this paper.Each family is provided with a description and notes,including asexual and asexual states,and if more than one genus is included,the type genus is also characterized.Each family is provided with at least one figure-plate,usually illustrating the type genus,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera,and a key to these genera.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders,including the novel orders,Dyfrolomycetales,Lichenoconiales,Lichenotheliales,Monoblastiales,Natipusillales,Phaeotrichales and Strigulales.The paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light.It is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30770013,No.31500013,No.31000013,No.31360014,No.31470152)the Special Program of Basic Science of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2012FY111600)the Technology of and International Cooperation Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2009DFA31160)of the People’s Republic of China,and the opening funding of State key Laboratory of Mycology,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences for funding。
文摘Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference specimens.Awide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed.In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora(Testudinaceae),Camporesia(Xylariaceae),Clematidis,Crassiparies(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Farasanispora,Longiostiolum(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Multilocularia(Parabambusicolaceae),Neophaeocryptopus(Dothideaceae),Parameliola(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),and Towyspora(Lentitheciaceae)are introduced.Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis,Aniptodera aquibella,Annulohypoxylon albidiscum,Astrocystis thailandica,Camporesia sambuci,Clematidis italica,Colletotrichum menispermi,C.quinquefoliae,Comoclathris pimpinellae,Crassiparies quadrisporus,Cytospora salicicola,Diatrype thailandica,Dothiorella rhamni,Durotheca macrostroma,Farasanispora avicenniae,Halorosellinia rhizophorae,Humicola koreana,Hypoxylon lilloi,Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae,Lindgomyces okinawaensis,Longiostiolum tectonae,Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum,Moelleriella phukhiaoensis,M.pongdueatensis,Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi,Multilocularia bambusae,Multiseptospora thysanolaenae,Neophaeocryptopus cytisi,Ocellularia arachchigei,O.ratnapurensis,Ochronectria thailandica,Ophiocordyceps karstii,Parameliola acaciae,P.dimocarpi,Parastagonospora cumpignensis,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Polyplosphaeria thailandica,Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis,Psiloglonium macrosporum,Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus,Rosellinia chiangmaiensis,Saccothecium rubi,Seimatosporium pseudocornii,S.pseudorosae,Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari.New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis(sexual morph described and illus trated)and Pseudocamarosporium pini.Descriptions,illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea,Cryptovalsa ampelina,Dothiorella vidmadera,Ophiocordyceps formosana,Petrakia echinata,Phragmoporthe conformis and Pse
文摘Coal is the primary fossil fuel most used in the world for the electricity generation, iron making, and cement/concrete and chemical production. However, utilization of coal also results in emissions of CO_2, SO_x, NO_x and other noxious compounds. The development of clean coal technology(CCT) is a main issue to maintain a clean environment. CCT in Japan is considered the highest level in the world. In this review, the developing CCTs in Japan including high efficiency combustion technologies, advanced gasification technologies, CO_2 recovery and utilization technologies, and flue gas cleaning technologies are introduced and discussed. It is expected to provide some new view-of-points for CCT development.
基金supported by Aomori City Government,Japan and the International Joint Research Project of Shanxi Province(No.2015081051 and 2015081052),Chinathe scholarship from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT)of Japanresearch fund for Ph.D.course student from Hirosaki University
文摘In this study, the main purpose is to develop low-cost catalysts with high activity and stability for high quality syngas production via steam reforming of biomass tar in biomass gasification process. The calcined waste scallop shell（CS） supported copper（Cu） catalysts are prepared for steam reforming of biomass tar. The prepared Cu supported on CS catalysts exhibit higher catalytic activity than those on commercial CaO and Al;O;. Characterization results indicate that Cu/CS has a strong interaction between Cu and CaO in CS support, resulting in the formation of calcium copper oxide phase which could stabilize Cu species and provide new active sites for the tar reforming. In addition, the strong basicity of CS support and other inorganic elements contained in CS support could enhance the activity of Cu/CS. The addition of a small amount of Co is found to be able to stabilize the catalytic activity of Cu/CS catalysts,making them reusable after regeneration without any loss of their activities.
文摘Stool antigen tests(SATs)are noninvasive diagnostic modules for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.Two types of SATs exist for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection,one based on enzyme immunoassay(EIA)and another on immunochromatography(ICA).SATs do not require expensive chemical agents or specified equipment;hence,they are less expensive compared with the urea breath test.Both European and Japanese guidelines have shown that EIA-based SATs using monoclonal antibodies are useful for primary diagnosis as well as for the assessment of eradication therapy.ICA-based tests do not require particular equipment and are therefore useful in developing countries.SATs are also useful for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection in children and post gastric surgery patients.SATs performed via EIA can assess H.pylori infection in a large number of subjects,almost as well as serology.Thus,SATs would be useful or detecting current infection in such a survey to identify and eradicate H.pylori infection.The accuracy of SATs is lower when the stool samples are unformed or watery,because H.pylorispecific antigens in the stool samples are diluted.Temperature and the interval between stool sample collection and measurement also affect the results of SATs.The choice of test kit depends on the sensitivity and specificity in each region and the circumstances of each patient.
文摘Mn-Co mixed oxides were electrodeposited on Cu nanowires generated on Cu foam(CF)and used for effectively catalytic oxidation of toluene.The physical and chemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by SEM,TEM,XRD,H_(2)-TPR,O_(2)-TPD and XPS.It is found that the Mn-Co mixed metal oxides were uniformly coated on the Cu nanowires by the electrochemical method,whose Mn/Co ratio can be tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of Mn/Co in the initial solution for the electrodeposition.The intimate contact between Mn and Co nanocrystals was found by HRTEM,which is important for realizing synergetic effects on improving catalytic activity.Meanwhile,the formation of the active surface oxygen species and the increase of the active species of Mn^(4+)and Co^(3+)were considered to make significant contribution to the catalytic oxidation of toluene.Mn-Co mixed metal oxide catalysts exhibited higher performance than the single metal oxide,and especially 0.10Mn-0.01Co/CF catalyst with the Mn/Co molar ratio of 10:1 in the initial solution for the electrodeposition achieved the highest catalytic activity with a low toluene conversion temperature(T_(90%))of 251℃,and displayed excellent catalytic stability even in the presence of water vapor.It is expected that such a simply-electrodeposited mixed metal oxides based catalysts could be applied for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in a practical process.
