Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection,a major public health problem,causes acute and chronic hepatitis that is often complicated by liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The pathogenic mechanisms of HBV-related liv...Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection,a major public health problem,causes acute and chronic hepatitis that is often complicated by liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The pathogenic mechanisms of HBV-related liver disease are not well understood,and the current licensed therapies are not effective in permanently clearing virus from the circulation.In recent years,the role of micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in HBV infection has attracted great interest.Cellular miRNAs can influence HBV replication directly by binding to HBV transcripts and indirectly by targeting cellular factors relevant to the HBV life cycle.They are also involved in the regulation of cellular genes and signaling pathways that have critical roles in HBV pathogenesis.HBV infection,in turn,can trigger changes in cellular miRNA expression that are associated with distinctive miRNA expression profiles depending on the phase of liver disease.These alterations in miRNA expression have been linked to disease progression and hepatocarcinogenesis.We provide here an up to date review regarding the field of miRNAs and HBV interplay and highlight the potential utility of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the management of HBV-related liver disease.展开更多
We report on the structural,magnetic,and magnetocaloric properties of EuRhO_(3) powders.The oxidation states of Eu and Rh ions were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It is found that the Eu ions are ...We report on the structural,magnetic,and magnetocaloric properties of EuRhO_(3) powders.The oxidation states of Eu and Rh ions were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It is found that the Eu ions are mainly in the divalent oxidation state while the Rh ions have+4 state.EuRhO_(3) powders are found to be antiferromagnetic with a second order magnetic transition at Neel temperature(T_(N)=2.9 K).Analysis of the magnetic susceptibility versus temperature data in terms of the Curie=Weiss law:(χ=C/(T-θ_(W))) for T>T_(N),yields θ_(W)=-3.1 K and effective magne tic moment μ_(ff)^(exp),which is close to the theoretical value μ_(eff)^(theo).The magnetic entropy change(-Δ_(SM)),was determined by em ploying the thermodynam ic Maxwell's relation.At μ_0H=5 T and near T_(N),ΔS_(M)^(Max) and relative cooling power(RCP) exhibit large values of 33.7 J/(kg·K) and 238 J/kg,respectively.The large magnitude of-Δ_(SM) and RCP show that the EuRhO_(3) compound could be a potential candidate to be used in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.展开更多
Various characterisation techniques were used to study the composition of the glass series 55-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-2Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-(43-x) Na<sub>...Various characterisation techniques were used to study the composition of the glass series 55-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-2Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-(43-x) Na<sub>2</sub>O-xPbO (with 8 ≤ x ≤ 38;mole %) in terms of chemical durability, IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The change in the dissolution rate as a function of time when the studied glasses were kept submerged in distilled water at 90°C for 20 days showed an improvement in the chemical durability when Na<sub>2</sub>O content was substituted to PbO content. IR spectroscopy revealed a structural change from ultraphosphate groups to pyrophosphate, orthophosphate and probably ring metaphosphate groups. SEM revealed the existence of two phases: a vitreous phase and a crystalline phase. The presence of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, even in small amounts, seems to play an important role in the formation of crystallites in the glass network. The improved chemical durability is attributed to the replacement of the easily hydrated Na-O-P and P-O-P bonds by covalent and resistant Pb-O-P bands. Both the increase in PbO content and in the Pb + Cr/P ratio causes an increase in the number of covalent Pb-O-P and Cr-O-P bonds, making the glass structure more rigid. The increase of the covalent Pb-O-P bands leads to a clear evolution of the structure and chemical resistance, caused by grain-boundary resistance as a result of glass crystallisation. The IR spectra indicate that the increase in PbO content favours the formation of isolated PO<sup>3-</sup>4</sub> orthophosphate groups at the expense of pyrophosphate groups. The radical change in the structure from ultraphosphate groups to pyrophosphate and orthophosphate groups seems to be the cause of the formation of crystallites. The existence of crystallites in these glasses results in a marked improvement in their chemical durability. However, when the crystallites exceed a certain limit, the equilibrium between the glass bath and these crystallites is no longer maintained;we notice, once, a dec展开更多
Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world caused by several species of the genus Brucella.The disease,eradicated in many developed countries,is a re-emerging neglected zoonosis endemic in several...Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world caused by several species of the genus Brucella.The disease,eradicated in many developed countries,is a re-emerging neglected zoonosis endemic in several zones especially in the Mediterranean region,impacting on human health and livestock production.A One Health approach could address brucellosis control in Morocco but scarcity of reliable epidemiological data,as well as underreporting,hinders the implementation of sustainable control strategies.Surveillance and control policies implemented by the Moroccan government in domestic animals(cattle and small ruminants)in the last few decades are assessed for disease impact.This study considers the origins of animal brucellosis in Morocco and the potential for emergence of brucellosis during a shift from extensive to intensive livestock production.展开更多
Hypoxic hepatitis, also known as ischemic hepatitis, is characterized by acute hepatocellular injury due to inadequate oxygen delivery to the liver. Celiac trunk stenosis can lead to hepatic ischemia and subsequent li...Hypoxic hepatitis, also known as ischemic hepatitis, is characterized by acute hepatocellular injury due to inadequate oxygen delivery to the liver. Celiac trunk stenosis can lead to hepatic ischemia and subsequent liver damage. We present the case of an 81-year-old patient with a history of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, hypothyroidism, and biliary lithiasis, who developed hypoxic hepatitis secondary to Dunbar syndrome and a stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery. The patient improved symptoms and liver function tests with conservative management, including intravenous fluids and supportive care. Long-term management involved continued antiplatelet therapy and statins, with consideration of further interventions for celiac trunk stenosis. This case underscores the importance of recognizing Dunbar syndrome as well as superior mesentery trunk stenosis as a potential cause of hypoxic hepatitis. It highlights the need for multidisciplinary management in such cases.展开更多
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multifactorial autoimmune disease characterised by its clinical polymorphism and its course in flares. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of pregnancy on ...Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multifactorial autoimmune disease characterised by its clinical polymorphism and its course in flares. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of pregnancy on lupus and vice versa. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted over a period of 14 years from 2002 to 2015. We included cases of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with pregnancy followed at the obstetrics and gynecology department “C” of the Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca. Results: The mean age of our parturients was 31.4 years. All our patients were known to have lupus and were followed up. Pregnancy was terminated in six (20%) cases. We noted one (3%) case of intrauterine fetal death, four (13%) cases of intrauterine growth retardation, and five (16%) cases of prematurity. Lupus flare during pregnancy occurred in 16 (52%) cases, including one (3%) patient who developed superimposed pre-eclampsia, had a renal relapse in the third trimester requiring an abortion at 32 weeks of gestation with three sessions of hemodialysis, and another patient who developed eclampsia. Conclusion: A better understanding of the aggravating factors and compatible treatments has led to a more widespread authorization of pregnancy.展开更多
Phytoremediation is a green emerging technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. Mechanisms used to remediate soils contaminated by heavy metal are: phytoextraction, phytostabilisation, phytovola...Phytoremediation is a green emerging technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. Mechanisms used to remediate soils contaminated by heavy metal are: phytoextraction, phytostabilisation, phytovolatilization and rhizofiltration. The two first mechanisms are the most reliable. Many factors influence the choice of the suitable phytoremediation strategy for soil decontamination. It depends on soil properties, heavy metal levels and characteristics, plant species and climatic conditions. The present review discusses factors affecting heavy metals uptake by plant species, the different phytoremediation strategies of heavy metal contaminated soils and the advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation and each of its mechanisms.展开更多
Background: Hypothalamic hamartoma is a rare non-neoplastic lesion, typically identified in early childhood during investigations for precocious puberty and/or gelastic seizures. However, cases of diagnosis even earli...Background: Hypothalamic hamartoma is a rare non-neoplastic lesion, typically identified in early childhood during investigations for precocious puberty and/or gelastic seizures. However, cases of diagnosis even earlier or during fetal development have been documented. Case Presentation: A newborn girl was diagnosed with hydrocephalus during pregnancy. An MRI revealed a large oval hypothalamic process, which suggested a hypothalamic hamartoma. At the age of 2, she experienced alternating crying and laughing seizures, followed by a decrease in visual acuity. Due to involvement of the optic pathways, surgery was not performed and she underwent antiepileptic medicines and gamma knife radiotherapy. At the age of 5 years and 3 months, she presented with breast development and laboratory tests confirmed central precocious puberty. Quarterly injections of GnRH agonists have since been administered with favorable results. Conclusion: Early-diagnosed hypothalamic hamartomas require close monitoring, by an experienced multidisciplinary, to promptly detect and treat potential complications, especially precocious puberty, and prevent any undesirable impact on final height.展开更多
Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are a well-defined entity in the kidney or central nervous system of infants or children. However, soft-tissue involvement is uncommon. It’s an exceptional neonatal tumor of soft tissue. The ima...Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are a well-defined entity in the kidney or central nervous system of infants or children. However, soft-tissue involvement is uncommon. It’s an exceptional neonatal tumor of soft tissue. The imaging characteristics of this tumor are not specific. Biopsy allows diagnosis;the histomorphological characteristics of rhabdoid tumors, their immunoreactivity to epithelial markers and vimentin, and the INI-1 loss are important tools for diagnosis. RT tumors are aggressive and have a rapidly fatal clinical course in most cases. Despite multidisciplinary therapy, the survival rate is very low. We report a rare case occurring in a male neonate who presents at birth with a voluminous right axillary mass. A CT scan showed a well-limited tumor mass with lobulated contours. An ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed on day 8, showing the morphology and immunoprofile of RT. The mass showed rapid growth. The child was admitted for respiratory distress at 3 weeks. A thoraco-abdominal CT showed an increase in the size of the mass with the appearance of multiple lymph nodes and pleural, hepatic, and renal metastases. The child died two days later.展开更多
The present study evaluated calcined Mg/Al layered double hydroxide(CLDH)availability for the removal of fluoride from local groundwaters.The Mg/Al layered double hydroxide(LDH)was synthesized by coprecipitation metho...The present study evaluated calcined Mg/Al layered double hydroxide(CLDH)availability for the removal of fluoride from local groundwaters.The Mg/Al layered double hydroxide(LDH)was synthesized by coprecipitation method and characterized by XRD,FT-IR and TGA-TDA analyses.Batch defluoridation experiments were performed under various conditions such as calcination,solution pH,contact time,temperature,material dosage and reuse.Experimental results indicate that fluoride removal strongly increased after calcination of the LDH up to 600℃.The maximum fluoride removal was obtained at solution pH of 6.85.Kinetics of fluoride removal followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model.The rise in solution temperature strongly enhances the removal efficiency.The adsorption mechanism involved surface adsorption,ion exchange interaction and original LDH structure reconstruction by rehydration of mixed metal oxides and concomitant intercalation of fluoride ions into the interlayer region.The optimum dosages required to meet the national standard for drinking water quality were found to be 0.29 and 0.8 g/L,respectively,for Bejaad and Settat goundwaters.A decrease in the fluoride uptake with increasing the number of regeneration cycles was observed.展开更多
This paper deals with detecting fetal electrocardiogram FECG signals from single-channel abdominal lead.It is based on the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)combined with advanced mathematical methods,such as Independe...This paper deals with detecting fetal electrocardiogram FECG signals from single-channel abdominal lead.It is based on the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)combined with advanced mathematical methods,such as Independent Component Analysis(ICA),Singular Value Decomposition(SVD),and a dimension-reduction technique like Nonnegative Matrix Factorization(NMF).Due to the highly disproportionate frequency of the fetus’s heart rate compared to the mother’s,the time-scale representation clearly distinguishes the fetal electrical activity in terms of energy.Furthermore,we can disentangle the various components of fetal ECG,which serve as inputs to the CNN model to optimize the actual FECG signal,denoted by FECGr,which is recovered using the SVD-ICA process.The findings demonstrate the efficiency of this innovative approach,which may be deployed in real-time.展开更多
Amiodarone chlorhydrate is a diiodated benzofuran derivative used to treat cardiac rhythm abnormalities. Hepatotoxicity is a relatively uncommon side effect of amiodarone and symptomatic hepatic dysfunction occurs in... Amiodarone chlorhydrate is a diiodated benzofuran derivative used to treat cardiac rhythm abnormalities. Hepatotoxicity is a relatively uncommon side effect of amiodarone and symptomatic hepatic dysfunction occurs in less than 1% to 3% of patients taking amiodarone. We report here on an unusual case of amiodarone-induced hepatotoxicity. A 29 year old woman with normal liver function was given amiodarone intravenously to treat her atrial fibrillation. She developed acute toxic hepatitis after 24 h. The intravenous form of amiodarone was immediately avoided and replaced by the oral form, using conventional loading doses as soon as the deranged liver function tests had normalized, without recurrence of the hepatitis. These observations show that the occurrence of acute hepatic impairment with intravenous amiodarone does not necessarily preclude the use of this drug by mouth and the necessity of monitoring the hepatic function of patients treated with amiodarone.展开更多
This paper investigates the problem of controlling half-vehicle semi-active suspension system involving a magnetorheological(MR)damper.This features a hysteretic behavior that is presently captured through the nonline...This paper investigates the problem of controlling half-vehicle semi-active suspension system involving a magnetorheological(MR)damper.This features a hysteretic behavior that is presently captured through the nonlinear Bouc-Wen model.The control objective is to regulate well the heave and the pitch motions of the chassis despite the road irregularities.The difficulty of the control problem lies in the nonlinearity of the system model,the uncertainty of some of its parameters,and the inaccessibility to measurements of the hysteresis internal state variables.Using Lyapunov control design tools,we design two observers to get online estimates of the hysteresis internal states and a stabilizing adaptive state-feedback regulator.The whole adaptive controller is formally shown to meet the desired control objectives.This theoretical result is confirmed by several simulations demonstrating the supremacy of the latter compared to the skyhook control and passive suspension.展开更多
The satisfaction rate of desired velocity in the case of a mixture of fast and slow vehicles is studied by using a cellular automaton method. It is found that at low density the satisfaction rate depends on the maxima...The satisfaction rate of desired velocity in the case of a mixture of fast and slow vehicles is studied by using a cellular automaton method. It is found that at low density the satisfaction rate depends on the maximal velocity. However, the behavior of the satisfaction rate as a function of the coefficient of variance is independent of the maximal velocity. This is in good agreement with empirical results obtained by Lipshtat [Phys. Rev. E 79 066110 （2009）]. Furthermore, our numerical result demonstrates that at low density the satisfaction rate takes higher values, whereas the coefficient of variance is close to zero. The coefficient of variance increases with increasing density, while the satisfaction rate decreases to zero. Moreover, we have also shown that, at low density the coefficient variance depends strongly on the probability of overtaking.展开更多
Soil erosion by water is one of the major threats to soils in the north of Morocco;soil erosion not only decreases agricultural productivity, but also reduces the water availability. In the current study, Oued El Makh...Soil erosion by water is one of the major threats to soils in the north of Morocco;soil erosion not only decreases agricultural productivity, but also reduces the water availability. In the current study, Oued El Makhazine watershed is selected to estimate annual soil loss using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS). GIS data layers including, rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management (C) and conservation practice (P) factors are computed to determine their effects on average annual soil loss in the area. The resultant map of annual soil erosion shows a maximum soil loss of 735 t·h<sup>-1</sup>·y<sup>-1</sup>, about 65.25% (1575 km<sup>2</sup>), of the watershed ranges between 0 and 95 t·h<sup>-1</sup>·y<sup>-1</sup>. Higher soil losses are observed at higher LS factor area. The spatial erosion maps generate with USLE method, remote sensing and GIS can serve as effective inputs in deriving strategies for land planning and management in the environmentally sensitive mountainous areas.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determinants of Internet addiction among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca,Morocco.Methods:This was a cross-sectional stud...Objective:This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determinants of Internet addiction among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca,Morocco.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted among students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Casablanca between October and March 2020.An online questionnaire was administered to students to collect data and internet addiction was assessed by the Young questionnaire.A score threshold≥50 was adopted to define addiction.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with internet addiction.Results:Out of a total of 4093 FMPC students enrolled in the 2020-2021 academic year,506 agreed to participate in this study,including 303 females and 203 males.The mean addiction score assessed on the Young scale was(49.08±16.11).The prevalence of Internet addiction was 44.5%(225/506,95% CI:40% to 49%).Multiple regression analysis showed that being older than 20 years(OR=0.17,95% CI:0.40 to 0.64),being female(OR=1.70,95% CI:1.04 to 2.78),being in the dissertation year(6th year)(OR=5.17,95% CI:2.23 to 11.44),having a history of psychiatric consultation(OR=2.64,95% CI:1.34 to 5.21),having divorced parents(OR=2.64,95% CI:1.05 to 5.87),use of sleeping medication(OR=2.9,95% CI:1.05 to 3.70),sleep disorders(OR=2.06,95% CI:1.25 to 3.79),sleep deprivation(OR=2.26,95% CI:1.39 to 3.65),excessive daytime sleepiness(OR=5.39,95% CI:2.19 to 13.24),anxiety disorders(OR=1.47,95% CI:1.18 to 2.30),duration of internet connection(>4 h)(OR=11.43,95% CI:4.85 to 27.66),and having frequent conflicts with parents(OR=2.37,95% CI:1.49 to 3.79)and friends(OR=0.26,95% CI:0.11 to 0.65)were independently associated with internet addiction.Conclusion:The prevalence of Internet addiction among medical students in Casablanca remains high.Targeted action on the determinants would be of great value in prevention.展开更多
Ticks induce huge production and economic losses in the livestock industry and create serious environmental, animal and human health problems. The study was carried out to characterize tick species and determine the p...Ticks induce huge production and economic losses in the livestock industry and create serious environmental, animal and human health problems. The study was carried out to characterize tick species and determine the prevalence of tick infestation and tick-borne diseases in cattle in Cameroon. Tick and blood samples were collected from a total of 742 animals and analyzed to determine the type of tick and haemoparasites using standard procedures. Overall, four tick species namely Amblyomma variegatum (75.09%), Rhipicephalus microplus (19.43%), Rhipicephalus decoloratus (0.88%) and Hyalomma marginatum (0.18%) and six blood disease agents including Anapalasma marginale (11.29%), Ehrlichia ruminantium (3.52%), Babesia bovis (1.32%), Babesia major (0.44%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (0.29%) and Dermatophilus congolensis (3.37%). Various co-infections were recorded and the predominant associations were Amblyomma variegatum-Rhipicephalus microplus (4.06%) and Amblyomma variegatum-Hyalomma marginatum (0.36%);Anaplasma-Ehrlichia (12%), Anaplasma-Dematophylus (8%), Babesia-Anaplasma-Ehrlichia (14%) and Babesia-Anaplasma-Ehrlichia-Dermato-phylus (5%). Breed, sex, age and locality significantly influenced the rate of tick infestation while locality, breed and age significantly influenced the detection of blood disease agents in the study.展开更多
The synthesis for glasses series xFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-(45-x)PbO-55P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 20;mol%) carried out in a temperature (1050 ± ...The synthesis for glasses series xFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-(45-x)PbO-55P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 20;mol%) carried out in a temperature (1050 ± 10)°C, leads to obtaining transparent glasses, brown in color and with a non-hygroscopic appearance. The study of glasses dissolution rate, immersed in distilled water at 90°C for 24 days, indicates a considerable chemical durability. The increase in the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content in the vitreous network to the detriment of PbO is a favorable factor for the chemical durability improvement. Different techniques have been used such as X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, DSC, SEM and density for the study of these glasses. These techniques have led to establish correlations between chemical and structural properties. Thus the results obtained confirmed the creation of P-O-M bonds (M = Pb, Fe) with a strongly covalent nature to the detriment of the hydrated P-O-P bonds and led to the formation, mainly, of pyrophosphate groups. The low melting point of Pb-O makes it possible to play an important role, at the same time, on the viscosity, on the equilibrium between the vitreous bath and the crystallites formed. The dissolution rate obtained is 100 times smaller than that of silicate glasses used as an alternative form for the vitrification of radioactive waste.展开更多
The prevalence of oral candidiasis has increased over recent years in patients with the compromised general condition. There are a large number of plant species that have been traditionally used for oral diseases by t...The prevalence of oral candidiasis has increased over recent years in patients with the compromised general condition. There are a large number of plant species that have been traditionally used for oral diseases by the Moroccan population. These species could provide a source for discovering new active principles of natural origin against Candida albicans involved in the appearance of candidiasis infections. Information was acquired using the electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. In the first part, this review presents the medicinal plants used by the Moroccan population for the treatment of oral disorders (Toothaches, gingivitis, ulcers, stomatitis, abscesses, ...). The second part describes different studies regarding the antifungal activity of essential oils and organic extracts of some Moroccan species against Candida albicans. Inhibition zone diameter (IZD), Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of essential oils and plant’s extracts were noted. The third part concerns Moroccan plants with the antifungal activity that can be used in medical and agricultural fields. Several species of Moroccan plant proved their effectiveness against Candida albicans and can be used for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Further research should be undertaken in the future to investigate the toxicity of essential oils and plant extracts with antifungal properties for clinical use. This review provided an update on Moroccan plants presenting antifungal activity and especially those active against Candida albicans.展开更多
Aim: The oral cavity has the particularity to host multiple hard and soft tissues, in this paper, we will discuss the current therapies that lead to cell differentiation by regenerative therapies and the future altern...Aim: The oral cavity has the particularity to host multiple hard and soft tissues, in this paper, we will discuss the current therapies that lead to cell differentiation by regenerative therapies and the future alternatives proposed by medicinal plants and all the regenerative potential of these different tissues. Material and Methods: A detailed review of the literature through the various search engines: Scopus, PubMed, google scholar, Cochrane, etc., uses the selected keywords to explore the effect of the regenerative potential of several medicinal plants. Results: Through our research, we have proceeded to sort different medicinal plants, according to their repairing and regenerative potential on the different tissues of the oral cavity. Conclusion: Future studies are conceivable to explore the opportunities and potential provided by medicinal plants in the field of regenerative dentistry.展开更多
文摘Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection,a major public health problem,causes acute and chronic hepatitis that is often complicated by liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The pathogenic mechanisms of HBV-related liver disease are not well understood,and the current licensed therapies are not effective in permanently clearing virus from the circulation.In recent years,the role of micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in HBV infection has attracted great interest.Cellular miRNAs can influence HBV replication directly by binding to HBV transcripts and indirectly by targeting cellular factors relevant to the HBV life cycle.They are also involved in the regulation of cellular genes and signaling pathways that have critical roles in HBV pathogenesis.HBV infection,in turn,can trigger changes in cellular miRNA expression that are associated with distinctive miRNA expression profiles depending on the phase of liver disease.These alterations in miRNA expression have been linked to disease progression and hepatocarcinogenesis.We provide here an up to date review regarding the field of miRNAs and HBV interplay and highlight the potential utility of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the management of HBV-related liver disease.
文摘We report on the structural,magnetic,and magnetocaloric properties of EuRhO_(3) powders.The oxidation states of Eu and Rh ions were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It is found that the Eu ions are mainly in the divalent oxidation state while the Rh ions have+4 state.EuRhO_(3) powders are found to be antiferromagnetic with a second order magnetic transition at Neel temperature(T_(N)=2.9 K).Analysis of the magnetic susceptibility versus temperature data in terms of the Curie=Weiss law:(χ=C/(T-θ_(W))) for T>T_(N),yields θ_(W)=-3.1 K and effective magne tic moment μ_(ff)^(exp),which is close to the theoretical value μ_(eff)^(theo).The magnetic entropy change(-Δ_(SM)),was determined by em ploying the thermodynam ic Maxwell's relation.At μ_0H=5 T and near T_(N),ΔS_(M)^(Max) and relative cooling power(RCP) exhibit large values of 33.7 J/(kg·K) and 238 J/kg,respectively.The large magnitude of-Δ_(SM) and RCP show that the EuRhO_(3) compound could be a potential candidate to be used in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.
文摘Various characterisation techniques were used to study the composition of the glass series 55-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-2Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-(43-x) Na<sub>2</sub>O-xPbO (with 8 ≤ x ≤ 38;mole %) in terms of chemical durability, IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The change in the dissolution rate as a function of time when the studied glasses were kept submerged in distilled water at 90°C for 20 days showed an improvement in the chemical durability when Na<sub>2</sub>O content was substituted to PbO content. IR spectroscopy revealed a structural change from ultraphosphate groups to pyrophosphate, orthophosphate and probably ring metaphosphate groups. SEM revealed the existence of two phases: a vitreous phase and a crystalline phase. The presence of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, even in small amounts, seems to play an important role in the formation of crystallites in the glass network. The improved chemical durability is attributed to the replacement of the easily hydrated Na-O-P and P-O-P bonds by covalent and resistant Pb-O-P bands. Both the increase in PbO content and in the Pb + Cr/P ratio causes an increase in the number of covalent Pb-O-P and Cr-O-P bonds, making the glass structure more rigid. The increase of the covalent Pb-O-P bands leads to a clear evolution of the structure and chemical resistance, caused by grain-boundary resistance as a result of glass crystallisation. The IR spectra indicate that the increase in PbO content favours the formation of isolated PO<sup>3-</sup>4</sub> orthophosphate groups at the expense of pyrophosphate groups. The radical change in the structure from ultraphosphate groups to pyrophosphate and orthophosphate groups seems to be the cause of the formation of crystallites. The existence of crystallites in these glasses results in a marked improvement in their chemical durability. However, when the crystallites exceed a certain limit, the equilibrium between the glass bath and these crystallites is no longer maintained;we notice, once, a dec
基金This research has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program(FP7/2007–2013)under grant agreement n°221948,ICONZ(Integrated control of Neglected Zoonoses).The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission.Special thanks to Ian Maudlin for his thorough edit of the review.
文摘Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world caused by several species of the genus Brucella.The disease,eradicated in many developed countries,is a re-emerging neglected zoonosis endemic in several zones especially in the Mediterranean region,impacting on human health and livestock production.A One Health approach could address brucellosis control in Morocco but scarcity of reliable epidemiological data,as well as underreporting,hinders the implementation of sustainable control strategies.Surveillance and control policies implemented by the Moroccan government in domestic animals(cattle and small ruminants)in the last few decades are assessed for disease impact.This study considers the origins of animal brucellosis in Morocco and the potential for emergence of brucellosis during a shift from extensive to intensive livestock production.
文摘Hypoxic hepatitis, also known as ischemic hepatitis, is characterized by acute hepatocellular injury due to inadequate oxygen delivery to the liver. Celiac trunk stenosis can lead to hepatic ischemia and subsequent liver damage. We present the case of an 81-year-old patient with a history of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, hypothyroidism, and biliary lithiasis, who developed hypoxic hepatitis secondary to Dunbar syndrome and a stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery. The patient improved symptoms and liver function tests with conservative management, including intravenous fluids and supportive care. Long-term management involved continued antiplatelet therapy and statins, with consideration of further interventions for celiac trunk stenosis. This case underscores the importance of recognizing Dunbar syndrome as well as superior mesentery trunk stenosis as a potential cause of hypoxic hepatitis. It highlights the need for multidisciplinary management in such cases.
文摘Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multifactorial autoimmune disease characterised by its clinical polymorphism and its course in flares. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of pregnancy on lupus and vice versa. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted over a period of 14 years from 2002 to 2015. We included cases of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with pregnancy followed at the obstetrics and gynecology department “C” of the Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca. Results: The mean age of our parturients was 31.4 years. All our patients were known to have lupus and were followed up. Pregnancy was terminated in six (20%) cases. We noted one (3%) case of intrauterine fetal death, four (13%) cases of intrauterine growth retardation, and five (16%) cases of prematurity. Lupus flare during pregnancy occurred in 16 (52%) cases, including one (3%) patient who developed superimposed pre-eclampsia, had a renal relapse in the third trimester requiring an abortion at 32 weeks of gestation with three sessions of hemodialysis, and another patient who developed eclampsia. Conclusion: A better understanding of the aggravating factors and compatible treatments has led to a more widespread authorization of pregnancy.
文摘Phytoremediation is a green emerging technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. Mechanisms used to remediate soils contaminated by heavy metal are: phytoextraction, phytostabilisation, phytovolatilization and rhizofiltration. The two first mechanisms are the most reliable. Many factors influence the choice of the suitable phytoremediation strategy for soil decontamination. It depends on soil properties, heavy metal levels and characteristics, plant species and climatic conditions. The present review discusses factors affecting heavy metals uptake by plant species, the different phytoremediation strategies of heavy metal contaminated soils and the advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation and each of its mechanisms.
文摘Background: Hypothalamic hamartoma is a rare non-neoplastic lesion, typically identified in early childhood during investigations for precocious puberty and/or gelastic seizures. However, cases of diagnosis even earlier or during fetal development have been documented. Case Presentation: A newborn girl was diagnosed with hydrocephalus during pregnancy. An MRI revealed a large oval hypothalamic process, which suggested a hypothalamic hamartoma. At the age of 2, she experienced alternating crying and laughing seizures, followed by a decrease in visual acuity. Due to involvement of the optic pathways, surgery was not performed and she underwent antiepileptic medicines and gamma knife radiotherapy. At the age of 5 years and 3 months, she presented with breast development and laboratory tests confirmed central precocious puberty. Quarterly injections of GnRH agonists have since been administered with favorable results. Conclusion: Early-diagnosed hypothalamic hamartomas require close monitoring, by an experienced multidisciplinary, to promptly detect and treat potential complications, especially precocious puberty, and prevent any undesirable impact on final height.
文摘Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are a well-defined entity in the kidney or central nervous system of infants or children. However, soft-tissue involvement is uncommon. It’s an exceptional neonatal tumor of soft tissue. The imaging characteristics of this tumor are not specific. Biopsy allows diagnosis;the histomorphological characteristics of rhabdoid tumors, their immunoreactivity to epithelial markers and vimentin, and the INI-1 loss are important tools for diagnosis. RT tumors are aggressive and have a rapidly fatal clinical course in most cases. Despite multidisciplinary therapy, the survival rate is very low. We report a rare case occurring in a male neonate who presents at birth with a voluminous right axillary mass. A CT scan showed a well-limited tumor mass with lobulated contours. An ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed on day 8, showing the morphology and immunoprofile of RT. The mass showed rapid growth. The child was admitted for respiratory distress at 3 weeks. A thoraco-abdominal CT showed an increase in the size of the mass with the appearance of multiple lymph nodes and pleural, hepatic, and renal metastases. The child died two days later.
文摘The present study evaluated calcined Mg/Al layered double hydroxide(CLDH)availability for the removal of fluoride from local groundwaters.The Mg/Al layered double hydroxide(LDH)was synthesized by coprecipitation method and characterized by XRD,FT-IR and TGA-TDA analyses.Batch defluoridation experiments were performed under various conditions such as calcination,solution pH,contact time,temperature,material dosage and reuse.Experimental results indicate that fluoride removal strongly increased after calcination of the LDH up to 600℃.The maximum fluoride removal was obtained at solution pH of 6.85.Kinetics of fluoride removal followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model.The rise in solution temperature strongly enhances the removal efficiency.The adsorption mechanism involved surface adsorption,ion exchange interaction and original LDH structure reconstruction by rehydration of mixed metal oxides and concomitant intercalation of fluoride ions into the interlayer region.The optimum dosages required to meet the national standard for drinking water quality were found to be 0.29 and 0.8 g/L,respectively,for Bejaad and Settat goundwaters.A decrease in the fluoride uptake with increasing the number of regeneration cycles was observed.
文摘This paper deals with detecting fetal electrocardiogram FECG signals from single-channel abdominal lead.It is based on the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)combined with advanced mathematical methods,such as Independent Component Analysis(ICA),Singular Value Decomposition(SVD),and a dimension-reduction technique like Nonnegative Matrix Factorization(NMF).Due to the highly disproportionate frequency of the fetus’s heart rate compared to the mother’s,the time-scale representation clearly distinguishes the fetal electrical activity in terms of energy.Furthermore,we can disentangle the various components of fetal ECG,which serve as inputs to the CNN model to optimize the actual FECG signal,denoted by FECGr,which is recovered using the SVD-ICA process.The findings demonstrate the efficiency of this innovative approach,which may be deployed in real-time.
文摘 Amiodarone chlorhydrate is a diiodated benzofuran derivative used to treat cardiac rhythm abnormalities. Hepatotoxicity is a relatively uncommon side effect of amiodarone and symptomatic hepatic dysfunction occurs in less than 1% to 3% of patients taking amiodarone. We report here on an unusual case of amiodarone-induced hepatotoxicity. A 29 year old woman with normal liver function was given amiodarone intravenously to treat her atrial fibrillation. She developed acute toxic hepatitis after 24 h. The intravenous form of amiodarone was immediately avoided and replaced by the oral form, using conventional loading doses as soon as the deranged liver function tests had normalized, without recurrence of the hepatitis. These observations show that the occurrence of acute hepatic impairment with intravenous amiodarone does not necessarily preclude the use of this drug by mouth and the necessity of monitoring the hepatic function of patients treated with amiodarone.
文摘This paper investigates the problem of controlling half-vehicle semi-active suspension system involving a magnetorheological(MR)damper.This features a hysteretic behavior that is presently captured through the nonlinear Bouc-Wen model.The control objective is to regulate well the heave and the pitch motions of the chassis despite the road irregularities.The difficulty of the control problem lies in the nonlinearity of the system model,the uncertainty of some of its parameters,and the inaccessibility to measurements of the hysteresis internal state variables.Using Lyapunov control design tools,we design two observers to get online estimates of the hysteresis internal states and a stabilizing adaptive state-feedback regulator.The whole adaptive controller is formally shown to meet the desired control objectives.This theoretical result is confirmed by several simulations demonstrating the supremacy of the latter compared to the skyhook control and passive suspension.
文摘The satisfaction rate of desired velocity in the case of a mixture of fast and slow vehicles is studied by using a cellular automaton method. It is found that at low density the satisfaction rate depends on the maximal velocity. However, the behavior of the satisfaction rate as a function of the coefficient of variance is independent of the maximal velocity. This is in good agreement with empirical results obtained by Lipshtat [Phys. Rev. E 79 066110 （2009）]. Furthermore, our numerical result demonstrates that at low density the satisfaction rate takes higher values, whereas the coefficient of variance is close to zero. The coefficient of variance increases with increasing density, while the satisfaction rate decreases to zero. Moreover, we have also shown that, at low density the coefficient variance depends strongly on the probability of overtaking.
文摘Soil erosion by water is one of the major threats to soils in the north of Morocco;soil erosion not only decreases agricultural productivity, but also reduces the water availability. In the current study, Oued El Makhazine watershed is selected to estimate annual soil loss using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS). GIS data layers including, rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management (C) and conservation practice (P) factors are computed to determine their effects on average annual soil loss in the area. The resultant map of annual soil erosion shows a maximum soil loss of 735 t·h<sup>-1</sup>·y<sup>-1</sup>, about 65.25% (1575 km<sup>2</sup>), of the watershed ranges between 0 and 95 t·h<sup>-1</sup>·y<sup>-1</sup>. Higher soil losses are observed at higher LS factor area. The spatial erosion maps generate with USLE method, remote sensing and GIS can serve as effective inputs in deriving strategies for land planning and management in the environmentally sensitive mountainous areas.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determinants of Internet addiction among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca,Morocco.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted among students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Casablanca between October and March 2020.An online questionnaire was administered to students to collect data and internet addiction was assessed by the Young questionnaire.A score threshold≥50 was adopted to define addiction.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with internet addiction.Results:Out of a total of 4093 FMPC students enrolled in the 2020-2021 academic year,506 agreed to participate in this study,including 303 females and 203 males.The mean addiction score assessed on the Young scale was(49.08±16.11).The prevalence of Internet addiction was 44.5%(225/506,95% CI:40% to 49%).Multiple regression analysis showed that being older than 20 years(OR=0.17,95% CI:0.40 to 0.64),being female(OR=1.70,95% CI:1.04 to 2.78),being in the dissertation year(6th year)(OR=5.17,95% CI:2.23 to 11.44),having a history of psychiatric consultation(OR=2.64,95% CI:1.34 to 5.21),having divorced parents(OR=2.64,95% CI:1.05 to 5.87),use of sleeping medication(OR=2.9,95% CI:1.05 to 3.70),sleep disorders(OR=2.06,95% CI:1.25 to 3.79),sleep deprivation(OR=2.26,95% CI:1.39 to 3.65),excessive daytime sleepiness(OR=5.39,95% CI:2.19 to 13.24),anxiety disorders(OR=1.47,95% CI:1.18 to 2.30),duration of internet connection(>4 h)(OR=11.43,95% CI:4.85 to 27.66),and having frequent conflicts with parents(OR=2.37,95% CI:1.49 to 3.79)and friends(OR=0.26,95% CI:0.11 to 0.65)were independently associated with internet addiction.Conclusion:The prevalence of Internet addiction among medical students in Casablanca remains high.Targeted action on the determinants would be of great value in prevention.
文摘Ticks induce huge production and economic losses in the livestock industry and create serious environmental, animal and human health problems. The study was carried out to characterize tick species and determine the prevalence of tick infestation and tick-borne diseases in cattle in Cameroon. Tick and blood samples were collected from a total of 742 animals and analyzed to determine the type of tick and haemoparasites using standard procedures. Overall, four tick species namely Amblyomma variegatum (75.09%), Rhipicephalus microplus (19.43%), Rhipicephalus decoloratus (0.88%) and Hyalomma marginatum (0.18%) and six blood disease agents including Anapalasma marginale (11.29%), Ehrlichia ruminantium (3.52%), Babesia bovis (1.32%), Babesia major (0.44%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (0.29%) and Dermatophilus congolensis (3.37%). Various co-infections were recorded and the predominant associations were Amblyomma variegatum-Rhipicephalus microplus (4.06%) and Amblyomma variegatum-Hyalomma marginatum (0.36%);Anaplasma-Ehrlichia (12%), Anaplasma-Dematophylus (8%), Babesia-Anaplasma-Ehrlichia (14%) and Babesia-Anaplasma-Ehrlichia-Dermato-phylus (5%). Breed, sex, age and locality significantly influenced the rate of tick infestation while locality, breed and age significantly influenced the detection of blood disease agents in the study.
文摘The synthesis for glasses series xFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-(45-x)PbO-55P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 20;mol%) carried out in a temperature (1050 ± 10)°C, leads to obtaining transparent glasses, brown in color and with a non-hygroscopic appearance. The study of glasses dissolution rate, immersed in distilled water at 90°C for 24 days, indicates a considerable chemical durability. The increase in the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content in the vitreous network to the detriment of PbO is a favorable factor for the chemical durability improvement. Different techniques have been used such as X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, DSC, SEM and density for the study of these glasses. These techniques have led to establish correlations between chemical and structural properties. Thus the results obtained confirmed the creation of P-O-M bonds (M = Pb, Fe) with a strongly covalent nature to the detriment of the hydrated P-O-P bonds and led to the formation, mainly, of pyrophosphate groups. The low melting point of Pb-O makes it possible to play an important role, at the same time, on the viscosity, on the equilibrium between the vitreous bath and the crystallites formed. The dissolution rate obtained is 100 times smaller than that of silicate glasses used as an alternative form for the vitrification of radioactive waste.
文摘The prevalence of oral candidiasis has increased over recent years in patients with the compromised general condition. There are a large number of plant species that have been traditionally used for oral diseases by the Moroccan population. These species could provide a source for discovering new active principles of natural origin against Candida albicans involved in the appearance of candidiasis infections. Information was acquired using the electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. In the first part, this review presents the medicinal plants used by the Moroccan population for the treatment of oral disorders (Toothaches, gingivitis, ulcers, stomatitis, abscesses, ...). The second part describes different studies regarding the antifungal activity of essential oils and organic extracts of some Moroccan species against Candida albicans. Inhibition zone diameter (IZD), Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of essential oils and plant’s extracts were noted. The third part concerns Moroccan plants with the antifungal activity that can be used in medical and agricultural fields. Several species of Moroccan plant proved their effectiveness against Candida albicans and can be used for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Further research should be undertaken in the future to investigate the toxicity of essential oils and plant extracts with antifungal properties for clinical use. This review provided an update on Moroccan plants presenting antifungal activity and especially those active against Candida albicans.
文摘Aim: The oral cavity has the particularity to host multiple hard and soft tissues, in this paper, we will discuss the current therapies that lead to cell differentiation by regenerative therapies and the future alternatives proposed by medicinal plants and all the regenerative potential of these different tissues. Material and Methods: A detailed review of the literature through the various search engines: Scopus, PubMed, google scholar, Cochrane, etc., uses the selected keywords to explore the effect of the regenerative potential of several medicinal plants. Results: Through our research, we have proceeded to sort different medicinal plants, according to their repairing and regenerative potential on the different tissues of the oral cavity. Conclusion: Future studies are conceivable to explore the opportunities and potential provided by medicinal plants in the field of regenerative dentistry.
