There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like XYZ states at BESⅢ and B fac...There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like XYZ states at BESⅢ and B factories, and the observation of an intriguing proton-antiproton threshold enhancement and the possibly related X(1835) meson state at BESⅢ, as well as the threshold measurements of charm mesons and charm baryons. We present a detailed survey of the important topics in tau-charm physics and hadron physics that can be further explored at BESⅢ during the remaining operation period of BEPCⅡ. This survey will help in the optimization of the data-taking plan over the coming years, and provides physics motivation for the possible upgrade of BEPCⅡ to higher luminosity.展开更多
From 2011 to 2014, the BESIII experiment collected about 5 fb^-1 data at center-of-mass energies around 4 GeV for the studies of the charmonium-like and higher excited charmonium states. By analyzing the di-muon proce...From 2011 to 2014, the BESIII experiment collected about 5 fb^-1 data at center-of-mass energies around 4 GeV for the studies of the charmonium-like and higher excited charmonium states. By analyzing the di-muon process e＋e- →yma/Fsμ^＋μ^-, the center-of-mass energies of the data samples are measured with a precision of 0.8 MeV. The center-of-mass energy is found to be stable for most of the time during data taking.展开更多
The clinical success of cancer immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has refocused attention on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)across cancer types.The outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer patients ha...The clinical success of cancer immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has refocused attention on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)across cancer types.The outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer patients has been linked to the quality and magnitude of T cell,NK cell,and more recently,B cell responses within the tumor microenvironment.State-of-the-art single-cell analysis of TIL gene expression profiles and clonality has revealed a remarkable degree of cellular heterogeneity and distinct patterns of immune activation and exhaustion.Many of these states are conserved across tumor types,in line with the broad responses observed clinically.Despite this homology,not all cancer types with similar TIL landscapes respond similarly to immunotherapy,highlighting the complexity of the underlying tumor-immune interactions.This observation is further confounded by the strong prognostic benefit of TILs observed for tumor types that have so far respond poorly to immunotherapy.Thus,while a holistic view of lymphocyte infiltration and dysfunction on a single-cell level is emerging,the search for response and prognostic biomarkers is just beginning.Within this review,we discuss recent advances in the understanding of TIL biology,their prognostic benefit,and their predictive value for therapy.展开更多
Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is an imaging technique which provides tissue contrast by the measurement of diffusion properties of water molecules within tissues. Diffusion is expressed in an app...Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is an imaging technique which provides tissue contrast by the measurement of diffusion properties of water molecules within tissues. Diffusion is expressed in an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which reflects the diffusion properties unique to each type of tissue. DWI has been originally used in neuroradiology. More recently, DWI has increasingly been used in addition to conventional unenhanced and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in other parts of the body. The reason for this delay was a number of technical problems inherent to the technique, making DWI very sensitive to artifacts, which had to be overcome. With assessment of ADC values, DWI proved to be helpful in characterization of focal liver lesions. However, DWI should always be used in conjunction to conventional MRI since there is considerable overlap between ADC values of benign and malignant lesions. DWI is useful in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver and detection of liver metastases in oncological patients. In addition, DWI is a promising tool in the prediction of tumor responsiveness to chemotherapy and the follow-up of oncological patients after treatment, as DWI may be capable of detecting recurrent disease earlier than conventional imaging.This review focuses on the most common applications of DWI in the liver.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography （CEUS） using SonoVue in the detection of liver metastases in patients with known extrahepatic primary tumors versus the combined gold standard comprising CT, MRI a...AIM： To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography （CEUS） using SonoVue in the detection of liver metastases in patients with known extrahepatic primary tumors versus the combined gold standard comprising CT, MRI and clinical/histological data. METHODS： It is an international multicenter study, and there were 12 centres and 125 patients （64 males, 61 females, aged 59 ± 11 years） involved, with 102 patients per protocol. Primary tumors were colorectal in 35%, breast in 27%, pancreatic in 17% and others in 21%. CEUS using SonoVue was employed with a Iow-mechanical-index technique and contrast-specific software using Siemens Elegra, Philips HDI 5000 and Acuson Sequoia; continuous scanning for at least five minutes. RESULTS： CEUS with SonoVue increased significantly the number of focal liver lesions detected versus unenhanced sonography. In 31.4% of the patients, more lesions were found after contrast enhancement. The total numbers of lesions detected were comparable with CEUS （55）, triple-phase spiral CT （61） and HRI with a liverspecific contrast agent （53）. Accuracy of detection of metastatic disease （i.e. at least one metastatic lesion） was significantly higher for CEUS （91.2%） than for unenhanced sonography （81.4%） and was similar to that of triple-phase spiral CT （89.2 %）. In 53 patients whose CEUS examination was negative, a follow-up examination 3-6 months later confirmed the absence of metastatic lesions in 50 patients （94.4%）. CONCLUSION： CEUS is proved to be reliable in the detection of liver metastases in patients with known extrahepatic primary tumors and suspected liver lesions.展开更多
Using a dedicated data sample taken in 2018 on the J/ψpeak,we perform a detailed study of the trigger efficiencies of the BESIII detector.The efficiencies are determined from three representative physics processes,na...Using a dedicated data sample taken in 2018 on the J/ψpeak,we perform a detailed study of the trigger efficiencies of the BESIII detector.The efficiencies are determined from three representative physics processes,namely Bhabha scattering,dimuon production and generic hadronic events with charged particles.The combined efficiency of all active triggers approaches 100%in most cases,with uncertainties small enough not to affect most physics analyses.展开更多
China is playing an increasing role in global climate change mitigation,and local authorities need more city-specifc information on the emissions trends and patterns when designing low-carbon policies.This study provi...China is playing an increasing role in global climate change mitigation,and local authorities need more city-specifc information on the emissions trends and patterns when designing low-carbon policies.This study provides the most comprehensive COemission inventories of 287 Chinese cities from 2001 to2019.The emission inventories are compiled for 47 economic sectors and include energy-related emissions for 17 types of fossil fuels and process-related emissions from cement production.We further investigate the state of the emission peak in each city and reveal hidden driving forces.The results show that38 cities have proactively peaked their emissions for at least fve years and another 21 cities also have emission decline,but passively.The 38 proactively peaked cities achieved emission decline mainly by effciency improvements and structural changes in energy use,while the 21 passively emission declined cities reduced emissions at the cost of economic recession or population loss.We propose that those passively emission declined cities need to face up to the reasons that caused the emission to decline,and fully exploit the opportunities provided by industrial innovation and green investment brought by low-carbon targets to achieve economic recovery and carbon mitigation goals.Proactively peaked cities need to seek strategies to maintain the downward trend in emissions and avoid an emission rebound and thus provide successful models for cities with still growing emissions to achieve an emission peak.展开更多
The product of the ∧0/b （-B/0） differential production cross-section and the branching fraction of the decay ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-（-B/0→ J/ψ-K＊（892）0）is measured as a function of the beauty hadron transverse mome...The product of the ∧0/b （-B/0） differential production cross-section and the branching fraction of the decay ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-（-B/0→ J/ψ-K＊（892）0）is measured as a function of the beauty hadron transverse momentum, PT, and rapidity, y. The kinematic region of the measurements is pT〈20 GeV/c and 2.0 〈g〈4.5.The measurements use a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb-1 collected by the LHCb detector in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies √s=7 TeV in 2011 and √s=8 TeV in 2012. Based on previous LHCb results of the fragmentation fraction ratio,f∧0/b/fd,the branching fraction of the decay ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-is measured to be B（∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-）=（3.17±0.04±0.07±0.34＋0.45/-0.28）×10-4,where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, the third is due to the uncertainty on the branching fraction of the decay -B/0 →J/ψ-K＊（892）0,and the fourth is due to the knowledge of f∧0/b/fd.The sum of the asymmetries in the production and decay between ∧0/b and ∧0/bis also measured as a function of PT and y.The previously published branching fraction of ∧0/b→ J/ψ pπ-,relative to that of ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-,is updated. The branching fractions of ∧0/b→P＋c（→ J/ψp）K-are determined.展开更多
AIM:To review the current literature for the specificclinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).METHODS:A systematical review for clinical characteri...AIM:To review the current literature for the specificclinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).METHODS:A systematical review for clinical characteristics of IBD in PSC was performed by conducting a broad search for"primary sclerosing cholangitis"in Pubmed."Clinical characteristics"were specified into five predefined subthemes:epidemiology of IBD in PSC,characteristics of IBD in PSC(i.e.,location,disease behavior),risk of colorectal cancer development,IBD recurrence and de novo disease after liver transplantation for PSC,and safety and complications after proctocolectomy with ileal pouchanal anastomosis.Papers were selected for inclusion based on their relevance to the subthemes,and were reviewed by two independent reviewers.Only full papers relevant to PSC-IBD were included.Additionally the references of recent reviews for PSC(<5 years old)were scrutinized for relevant articles.RESULTS:Initial literature search for PSC yielded 4704results.After careful review 65 papers,comprising a total of 11406 PSC-IBD patients,were selected and divided according to subtheme.Four manuscripts overlapped and were included in two subthemes.Prevalence of IBD in PSC shows a large variance,ranging from 46.5%to 98.7%with ulcerative colitis(UC)being the most common type(>75%).The highest IBD rates in PSC are found in papers reviewing both endoscopic and histological data for IBD diagnosis.Although IBD in PSC is found to be a quiescent disease,pancolitis occurs often,with rates varying from 35%to 95%.Both backwash ileitis and rectal sparing are observed infrequently.The development of dysplasia or colorectal carcinoma is increased in PSC-IBD;the cumulative 10 years risk varying between 0%and11%.Exacerbation of IBD is common after liver transplantation for PSC and de novo disease is seen in1.3%to 31.3%of PSC-IBD patients.The risk for development of pouchitis in PSC-IBD is found to besignificant,affecting 13.8%to 90%of the patients after proctocolectomy with ileo anal-po展开更多
AIM:To assess and correlate the lipid content of various organs in obese subjects and in persons with a normal body weight.METHODS:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a previously validated gradient echo magnetic reso...AIM:To assess and correlate the lipid content of various organs in obese subjects and in persons with a normal body weight.METHODS:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a previously validated gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging method with Dixon's two point technique were used in this study to quantify fat in liver,pancreas as well as kidney.RESULTS:In 36 volunteers with body mass index(BMI) ranging from 20.0 to 42.9 kg/m2,the median fat content of liver,pancreas and kidney was 2.3%(interquartile range:0.2%-7.8%),2.7%(1.0%-6.5%) and 0.7%(0.1%-1.4%),respectively.BMI and subcutaneous fat correlated significantly with liver and pancreas fat content.We show for the first time the significant correlation of liver and pancreas fat content in healthy controls(r = 0.43,P < 0.01).These observations are related to body weight as measured by BMI and the amount of subcutaneous fat.Kidney fat content is very low and correlates with none of the other fat depots.CONCLUSION:Renal lipid accumulation,unlike the coupled accumulations of fat in liver and pancreas,is not observed in obese subjects.Unlike suggestions made in previous studies,renal lipid accumulation appears not to be involved in the pathogenesis of renal disease in humans.展开更多
This article reviews recent advances in surgical techniques and adjuvant therapies for colorectal cancer, including total mesorectal excision, the resection of liver and lung metastasis and advances in chemoradiation ...This article reviews recent advances in surgical techniques and adjuvant therapies for colorectal cancer, including total mesorectal excision, the resection of liver and lung metastasis and advances in chemoradiation and foreshadows some interventions that may lie just beyond the frontier. In particular, little is known about the intracellular and extracellular cascades that may influence colorectal cancer cell adhesion and metastasis. Although the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinases and focal adhesion associated proteins in response to integrin-mediated cell matrix binding ("outside in integrin signaling") is well described, the stimulation of cell adhesion by intracellular signals activated by pressure prior to adhesion represents a different signal paradigm. However, several studies have suggested that increased pressure and shear stress activate cancer cell adhesion. Further studies of the pathways that regulate integrin-driven cancer cell adhesion may identify ways to disrupt these signals or block integrin-mediated adhesion so that adhesion and eventual metastasis can be prevented in the future.展开更多
A fundamental aspect of society is the exchange and discussion of opinions between individuals, occurring in situations as varied as company boardrooms, elementary school classrooms and online social media. After a ve...A fundamental aspect of society is the exchange and discussion of opinions between individuals, occurring in situations as varied as company boardrooms, elementary school classrooms and online social media. After a very brief introduction to the established results of the most fundamental opinion dynamics models, which seek to mathematically capture observed social phenomena, a brief discussion follows on several recent themes pursued by the authors building on the fundamental ideas. In the first theme, we study the way an individual′s self-confidence can develop through contributing to discussions on a sequence of topics, reaching a consensus in each case,where the consensus value to some degree reflects the contribution of that individual to the conclusion. During this process, the individuals in the network and the way they interact can change. The second theme introduces a novel discrete-time model of opinion dynamics to study how discrepancies between an individual′s expressed and private opinions can arise due to stubbornness and a pressure to conform to a social norm. It is also shown that a few extremists can create "pluralistic ignorance", where people believe there is majority support for a position but in fact the position is privately rejected by the majority. Last, we consider a group of individuals discussing a collection of logically related topics. In particular, we identify that for topics whose logical interdependencies take on a cascade structure,disagreement in opinions can occur if individuals have competing and/or heterogeneous views on how the topics are related, i.e., the logical interdependence structure varies between individuals.展开更多
Inter-individual heterogeneity in drug response is a serious problem that affects the patient＇s wellbeing and poses enormous clinical and financial burdens on a societal level. Pharmacogenomics has been at the forefr...Inter-individual heterogeneity in drug response is a serious problem that affects the patient＇s wellbeing and poses enormous clinical and financial burdens on a societal level. Pharmacogenomics has been at the forefront of research into the impact of individual genetic background on drug response variability or drug toxicity, and recently the gut microbiome, which has also been called the second genome, has been recog- nized as an important player in this respect. Moreover, the microbiome is a very attractive target for improving drug efficacy and safety due to the opportunities to manipulate its composition. Pharmacomicrobiomics is an emerging field that investigates the interplay of microbiome variation and drugs response and disposi- tion （absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion）. In this review, we provide a historical overview and examine current state-of-the-art knowledge on the complex interactions between gut microbiome, host and drugs. We argue that combining pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics will provide an important foundation for making major advances in personalized medicine.展开更多
Objective: European lung cancer screening studies using computed tomography(CT) have shown that a management protocol based on measuring lung nodule volume and volume doubling time(VDT) is more specific for early lung...Objective: European lung cancer screening studies using computed tomography(CT) have shown that a management protocol based on measuring lung nodule volume and volume doubling time(VDT) is more specific for early lung cancer detection than a diameter-based protocol. However, whether this also applies to a Chinese population is unclear. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of a volume-based protocol with a diameter-based protocol for lung cancer detection and optimize the nodule management criteria for a Chinese population.Methods: This study has a population-based, prospective cohort design and includes 4000 participants from the Hexi district of Tianjin, China. Participants will undergo low-dose chest CT at baseline and after 1 year. Initially, detected lung nodules will be evaluated for diameter and managed according to a routine diameter-based protocol(Clinical Practice Guideline in Oncology for Lung Cancer Screening, Version 2.2018). Subsequently, lung nodules will be evaluated for volume and management will be simulated according to a volume-based protocol and VDT(a European lung nodule management protocol). Participants will be followed up for 4 years to evaluate lung cancer incidence and mortality. The primary outcome is the diagnostic performance of the European volume-based protocol compared to diameter-based management regarding lung nodules detected using low-dose CT.Results: The diagnostic performance of volume-and diameter-based management for lung nodules in a Chinese population will be estimated and compared.Conclusions: Through the study, we expect to improve the management of lung nodules and early detection of lung cancer in Chinese populations.展开更多
China’s high ambitions to reach peak CO_(2) emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 make carbon mitigation an urgent issue with widespread societal consequences.To develop an achievable roadmap and an effecti...China’s high ambitions to reach peak CO_(2) emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 make carbon mitigation an urgent issue with widespread societal consequences.To develop an achievable roadmap and an effective portfolio of climate policies,it is essential that a clear picture of the magnitude and uncertainty of China’s current carbon balance is available,at both national and regional levels.展开更多
AIM： To investigate whether the small bowel transit time （SBTT） influences the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy （CE）. METHODS： Six hundred and ninety-one consecutive CE procedures collected in a database we...AIM： To investigate whether the small bowel transit time （SBTT） influences the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy （CE）. METHODS： Six hundred and ninety-one consecutive CE procedures collected in a database were analyzed. SBTT and CE findings were recorded. A running mean for the SBl-I- was calculated and correlated to the diagnostic yield with a Spearman＇s correlation test. Subgroup anal- yses were performed for the various indications for the procedure. RESULTS： There was a positive correlation between the diagnostic yield and SBT1- （Spearman＇s rho 0.58, P 〈 0.01）. Positive correlations between diagnostic yield and SB-FI-were found for the indication obscure gastro- intestinal bleeding （r = 0.54, P 〈 0.01）, for polyposis and carcinoid combined （r = 0.56, P 〈 0.01） and for the other indications （r = 0.90, P 〈0.01）, but not for suspected Crohn＇s disease （r = -0.40） CONCLUSION： The diagnostic yield in small bowel capsule endoscopy is positively correlated with the small bowel transit time. This is true for all indications except for suspected Crohn＇s disease.展开更多
Biliary cholesterol secretion is a process important for 2 major disease complexes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cholesterol gallstone disease. With respect to cardiovascular disease, biliary cholesterol...Biliary cholesterol secretion is a process important for 2 major disease complexes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cholesterol gallstone disease. With respect to cardiovascular disease, biliary cholesterol secretion is regarded as the f inal step for the elimination of cholesterol originating from cholesterol-laden macrophage foam cells in the vessel wall in a pathway named reverse cholesterol transport. On the other hand, cholesterol hypersecretion into the bile is considered the main pathophysiological determinant of cholesterol gallstone formation. This review summarizes current knowledge on the origins of cholesterol secreted into the bile as well as the relevant processes and transporters involved. Next to the established ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediating the biliary secretion of bile acids (ABCB11), phospholipids (ABCB4) and cholesterol (ABCG5/G8), special attention is given to emerging proteins that modulate or mediate biliary cholesterol secretion. In this regard, the potential impact of the phosphatidylserine flippase ATPase class Ⅰ type 8B member 1, the Niemann Pick C1-like protein 1 that mediatescholesterol absorption and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake receptor, scavenger receptor class B type Ⅰ, is discussed.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,although a promising candidate of next-generation energy storage devices,are hindered by some bottlenecks in their roadmap toward commercialization.The key challenges include solving the ...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,although a promising candidate of next-generation energy storage devices,are hindered by some bottlenecks in their roadmap toward commercialization.The key challenges include solving the issues such as low utilization of active materials,poor cyclic stability,poor rate performance,and unsatisfactory Coulombic efficiency due to the inherent poor electrical and ionic conductivity of sulfur and its discharged products(e.g.,Li2S2 and Li_(2)S),dissolution and migration of polysulfide ions in the electrolyte,unstable solid electrolyte interphase and dendritic growth on an odes,and volume change in both cathodes and anodes.Owing to the high specific surface area,pore volume,low density,good chemical stability,and particularly multimodal pore sizes,hierarchical porous carbon(HPC)mate rials have received considerable attention for circumventing the above pro blems in Li-S batteries.Herein,recent progress made in the synthetic methods and deployment of HPC materials for various components including sulfur cathodes,separators and interlayers,and lithium anodes in Li-S batteries is presented and summarized.More importantly,the correlation between the structures(pore volume,specific surface area,degree of pores,and heteroatom-doping)of HPC and the electrochemical performances of Li-S batteries is elaborated.Finally,a discussion on the challenges and future perspectives associated with HPCs for Li-S batteries is provided.展开更多
Using e^(+)e^(−)annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^(−1)taken at the center-of-mass energy√s=3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector,a joint amplitude analysis is performed on the decays...Using e^(+)e^(−)annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^(−1)taken at the center-of-mass energy√s=3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector,a joint amplitude analysis is performed on the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η).The fit fractions of individual components are obtained,and large interferences among the dominant components of the decays D^(0)→a_(1)(1260)π,D^(0)→π(1300)π,D^(0)→ρ(770)ρ(770),and D^(0)→2(ππ)_(S)are observed in both channels.With the obtained amplitude model,the CP-even fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are determined to be(75.2±1.1_(stat).±1.5_(syst.))%and(68.9±1.5_(stat).±2.4_(syst.))%,respectively.The branching fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are measured to be(0.688±0.010_(stat.)±0.010_(syst.))%and(0.951±0.025_(stat.)±0.021_(syst.))%,respectively.The amplitude analysis provides an important model for the binning strategy in measuring the strong phase parameters of D^(0)→4πwhen used to determine the CKM angleγ(ϕ_(3))via the B^(−)→DK^(−)decay.展开更多
基金Supported in part by National Key Basic Research Program of China (2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11335008,11425524, 11625523, 11635010, 11735014, 11822506, 11935018)+18 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Large-Scale Scientific Facility Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS (U1532257, U1532258, U1732263)CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Science (QYZDJ-SSW-SLH003, QYZDJ-SSW-SLH040)100 Talents Program of CASCAS PIFIthe Thousand Talents Program of ChinaIN-PAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyGerman Research Foundation DFG under Contracts NosCollaborative Research Center CRC 1044, FOR 2359Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, ItalyKoninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (KNAW) (530-4CDP03)Ministry of Development of Turkey (DPT2006K-120470)National Science and Technology fundThe Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden) (2016.0157)The Swedish Research CouncilU. S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER41374, DESC-0010118, DE-SC-0012069)University of Groningen (Ru G) and the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung Gmb H (GSI), Darmstadtthe Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (14.W03.31.0026).
文摘There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like XYZ states at BESⅢ and B factories, and the observation of an intriguing proton-antiproton threshold enhancement and the possibly related X(1835) meson state at BESⅢ, as well as the threshold measurements of charm mesons and charm baryons. We present a detailed survey of the important topics in tau-charm physics and hadron physics that can be further explored at BESⅢ during the remaining operation period of BEPCⅡ. This survey will help in the optimization of the data-taking plan over the coming years, and provides physics motivation for the possible upgrade of BEPCⅡ to higher luminosity.
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11125525,11235011.11322544,11335008,11425524,Y61137005C)+7 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program,CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP),Collaborative Innovation Center for Particles and Interactions(CICPI),Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of NSFC and CAS(11179007,U1232201,U1332201),CAS(KJCX2-YW-N29,KJCX2-YWN45),100 Talents Program of CASNational 1000 Talents Program of China,INPACShanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,German Research Foundation DFG(Collaborative Research Center CRC-1044)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,Italy,Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)Russian Foundation for Basic Research(14-07-91152)Swedish Research Council,U.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-04ER41291,DE-FG02-05ER41374,DE-FG02-94ER40823,DESC0010118)U.S.National Science Foundation,University of Groningen(RuG)and Helniholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH(GSI),DarmstadtWCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘From 2011 to 2014, the BESIII experiment collected about 5 fb^-1 data at center-of-mass energies around 4 GeV for the studies of the charmonium-like and higher excited charmonium states. By analyzing the di-muon process e＋e- →yma/Fsμ^＋μ^-, the center-of-mass energies of the data samples are measured with a precision of 0.8 MeV. The center-of-mass energy is found to be stable for most of the time during data taking.
文摘The clinical success of cancer immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has refocused attention on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)across cancer types.The outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer patients has been linked to the quality and magnitude of T cell,NK cell,and more recently,B cell responses within the tumor microenvironment.State-of-the-art single-cell analysis of TIL gene expression profiles and clonality has revealed a remarkable degree of cellular heterogeneity and distinct patterns of immune activation and exhaustion.Many of these states are conserved across tumor types,in line with the broad responses observed clinically.Despite this homology,not all cancer types with similar TIL landscapes respond similarly to immunotherapy,highlighting the complexity of the underlying tumor-immune interactions.This observation is further confounded by the strong prognostic benefit of TILs observed for tumor types that have so far respond poorly to immunotherapy.Thus,while a holistic view of lymphocyte infiltration and dysfunction on a single-cell level is emerging,the search for response and prognostic biomarkers is just beginning.Within this review,we discuss recent advances in the understanding of TIL biology,their prognostic benefit,and their predictive value for therapy.
文摘Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is an imaging technique which provides tissue contrast by the measurement of diffusion properties of water molecules within tissues. Diffusion is expressed in an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which reflects the diffusion properties unique to each type of tissue. DWI has been originally used in neuroradiology. More recently, DWI has increasingly been used in addition to conventional unenhanced and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in other parts of the body. The reason for this delay was a number of technical problems inherent to the technique, making DWI very sensitive to artifacts, which had to be overcome. With assessment of ADC values, DWI proved to be helpful in characterization of focal liver lesions. However, DWI should always be used in conjunction to conventional MRI since there is considerable overlap between ADC values of benign and malignant lesions. DWI is useful in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver and detection of liver metastases in oncological patients. In addition, DWI is a promising tool in the prediction of tumor responsiveness to chemotherapy and the follow-up of oncological patients after treatment, as DWI may be capable of detecting recurrent disease earlier than conventional imaging.This review focuses on the most common applications of DWI in the liver.
文摘AIM： To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography （CEUS） using SonoVue in the detection of liver metastases in patients with known extrahepatic primary tumors versus the combined gold standard comprising CT, MRI and clinical/histological data. METHODS： It is an international multicenter study, and there were 12 centres and 125 patients （64 males, 61 females, aged 59 ± 11 years） involved, with 102 patients per protocol. Primary tumors were colorectal in 35%, breast in 27%, pancreatic in 17% and others in 21%. CEUS using SonoVue was employed with a Iow-mechanical-index technique and contrast-specific software using Siemens Elegra, Philips HDI 5000 and Acuson Sequoia; continuous scanning for at least five minutes. RESULTS： CEUS with SonoVue increased significantly the number of focal liver lesions detected versus unenhanced sonography. In 31.4% of the patients, more lesions were found after contrast enhancement. The total numbers of lesions detected were comparable with CEUS （55）, triple-phase spiral CT （61） and HRI with a liverspecific contrast agent （53）. Accuracy of detection of metastatic disease （i.e. at least one metastatic lesion） was significantly higher for CEUS （91.2%） than for unenhanced sonography （81.4%） and was similar to that of triple-phase spiral CT （89.2 %）. In 53 patients whose CEUS examination was negative, a follow-up examination 3-6 months later confirmed the absence of metastatic lesions in 50 patients （94.4%）. CONCLUSION： CEUS is proved to be reliable in the detection of liver metastases in patients with known extrahepatic primary tumors and suspected liver lesions.
基金Supported in part by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11625523,11635010,11735014,11822506,11835012,11935015,11935016,11935018,11961141012)+15 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility ProgramJoint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(U 1732263,U 1832207)CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDJ-SSWSLH003,QYZDJ-SSW-SLH040)100 Talents Program of CASINPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyERC(758462)German Research Foundation DFG under Contracts Nos.Collaborative Research Center CRC 1044,FOR 2359Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,ItalyMinistry of Development o f Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Science and Technology fundOlle Engkvist Foundation(200-0605)STFC(United Kingdom)The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(Sweden)(2016.0157)The Royal Society,UK(DH140054,DH160214)The Swedish Research CouncilU.S.Department of Energy(DEFG02-05ER41374,DE-SC-0012069)。
文摘Using a dedicated data sample taken in 2018 on the J/ψpeak,we perform a detailed study of the trigger efficiencies of the BESIII detector.The efficiencies are determined from three representative physics processes,namely Bhabha scattering,dimuon production and generic hadronic events with charged particles.The combined efficiency of all active triggers approaches 100%in most cases,with uncertainties small enough not to affect most physics analyses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72140001 and 41921005)Shandong Provincial Science Fund for Excellent Youth Scholars(ZR2021YQ27)+1 种基金the National Social Science Fund of China(21ZDA065)the Natural Environment Research Council(2021GRIP02COP-AQ)。
文摘China is playing an increasing role in global climate change mitigation,and local authorities need more city-specifc information on the emissions trends and patterns when designing low-carbon policies.This study provides the most comprehensive COemission inventories of 287 Chinese cities from 2001 to2019.The emission inventories are compiled for 47 economic sectors and include energy-related emissions for 17 types of fossil fuels and process-related emissions from cement production.We further investigate the state of the emission peak in each city and reveal hidden driving forces.The results show that38 cities have proactively peaked their emissions for at least fve years and another 21 cities also have emission decline,but passively.The 38 proactively peaked cities achieved emission decline mainly by effciency improvements and structural changes in energy use,while the 21 passively emission declined cities reduced emissions at the cost of economic recession or population loss.We propose that those passively emission declined cities need to face up to the reasons that caused the emission to decline,and fully exploit the opportunities provided by industrial innovation and green investment brought by low-carbon targets to achieve economic recovery and carbon mitigation goals.Proactively peaked cities need to seek strategies to maintain the downward trend in emissions and avoid an emission rebound and thus provide successful models for cities with still growing emissions to achieve an emission peak.
基金Supported by CERN and national agencies:CAPES,CNPq,FAPERJ and FINEP(Brazil)NSFC(China)+17 种基金CNRS/IN2P3(France)BMBF,DFG,HGF and MPG(Germany)INFN(Italy)FOM and NWO(The Netherlands)MNi SW and NCN(Poland)MEN/IFA(Romania)Min ES and FANO(Russia)Min ECo(Spain)SNSF and SER(Switzerland)NASU(Ukraine)STFC(United Kingdom)NSF(USA)supported by IN2P3(France),KIT and BMBF(Germany),INFN(Italy),NWOSURF(The Netherlands),PIC(Spain),Grid PP(United Kingdom)support from EPLANET,Marie Sk lodowska-Curie ActionsERC(European Union),Conseil général de Haute-Savoie,Labex ENIGMASS and OCEVU,RégionAuvergne(France),RFBR(Russia),Xunta GalGENCAT(Spain),Royal Society and Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851(United Kingdom)
文摘The product of the ∧0/b （-B/0） differential production cross-section and the branching fraction of the decay ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-（-B/0→ J/ψ-K＊（892）0）is measured as a function of the beauty hadron transverse momentum, PT, and rapidity, y. The kinematic region of the measurements is pT〈20 GeV/c and 2.0 〈g〈4.5.The measurements use a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb-1 collected by the LHCb detector in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies √s=7 TeV in 2011 and √s=8 TeV in 2012. Based on previous LHCb results of the fragmentation fraction ratio,f∧0/b/fd,the branching fraction of the decay ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-is measured to be B（∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-）=（3.17±0.04±0.07±0.34＋0.45/-0.28）×10-4,where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, the third is due to the uncertainty on the branching fraction of the decay -B/0 →J/ψ-K＊（892）0,and the fourth is due to the knowledge of f∧0/b/fd.The sum of the asymmetries in the production and decay between ∧0/b and ∧0/bis also measured as a function of PT and y.The previously published branching fraction of ∧0/b→ J/ψ pπ-,relative to that of ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-,is updated. The branching fractions of ∧0/b→P＋c（→ J/ψp）K-are determined.
基金Supported by Partners Seeking a Cure and a VIDI grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research,No.016.136.308(to Weersma RK)
文摘AIM:To review the current literature for the specificclinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).METHODS:A systematical review for clinical characteristics of IBD in PSC was performed by conducting a broad search for"primary sclerosing cholangitis"in Pubmed."Clinical characteristics"were specified into five predefined subthemes:epidemiology of IBD in PSC,characteristics of IBD in PSC(i.e.,location,disease behavior),risk of colorectal cancer development,IBD recurrence and de novo disease after liver transplantation for PSC,and safety and complications after proctocolectomy with ileal pouchanal anastomosis.Papers were selected for inclusion based on their relevance to the subthemes,and were reviewed by two independent reviewers.Only full papers relevant to PSC-IBD were included.Additionally the references of recent reviews for PSC(<5 years old)were scrutinized for relevant articles.RESULTS:Initial literature search for PSC yielded 4704results.After careful review 65 papers,comprising a total of 11406 PSC-IBD patients,were selected and divided according to subtheme.Four manuscripts overlapped and were included in two subthemes.Prevalence of IBD in PSC shows a large variance,ranging from 46.5%to 98.7%with ulcerative colitis(UC)being the most common type(>75%).The highest IBD rates in PSC are found in papers reviewing both endoscopic and histological data for IBD diagnosis.Although IBD in PSC is found to be a quiescent disease,pancolitis occurs often,with rates varying from 35%to 95%.Both backwash ileitis and rectal sparing are observed infrequently.The development of dysplasia or colorectal carcinoma is increased in PSC-IBD;the cumulative 10 years risk varying between 0%and11%.Exacerbation of IBD is common after liver transplantation for PSC and de novo disease is seen in1.3%to 31.3%of PSC-IBD patients.The risk for development of pouchitis in PSC-IBD is found to besignificant,affecting 13.8%to 90%of the patients after proctocolectomy with ileo anal-po
文摘AIM:To assess and correlate the lipid content of various organs in obese subjects and in persons with a normal body weight.METHODS:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a previously validated gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging method with Dixon's two point technique were used in this study to quantify fat in liver,pancreas as well as kidney.RESULTS:In 36 volunteers with body mass index(BMI) ranging from 20.0 to 42.9 kg/m2,the median fat content of liver,pancreas and kidney was 2.3%(interquartile range:0.2%-7.8%),2.7%(1.0%-6.5%) and 0.7%(0.1%-1.4%),respectively.BMI and subcutaneous fat correlated significantly with liver and pancreas fat content.We show for the first time the significant correlation of liver and pancreas fat content in healthy controls(r = 0.43,P < 0.01).These observations are related to body weight as measured by BMI and the amount of subcutaneous fat.Kidney fat content is very low and correlates with none of the other fat depots.CONCLUSION:Renal lipid accumulation,unlike the coupled accumulations of fat in liver and pancreas,is not observed in obese subjects.Unlike suggestions made in previous studies,renal lipid accumulation appears not to be involved in the pathogenesis of renal disease in humans.
文摘This article reviews recent advances in surgical techniques and adjuvant therapies for colorectal cancer, including total mesorectal excision, the resection of liver and lung metastasis and advances in chemoradiation and foreshadows some interventions that may lie just beyond the frontier. In particular, little is known about the intracellular and extracellular cascades that may influence colorectal cancer cell adhesion and metastasis. Although the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinases and focal adhesion associated proteins in response to integrin-mediated cell matrix binding ("outside in integrin signaling") is well described, the stimulation of cell adhesion by intracellular signals activated by pressure prior to adhesion represents a different signal paradigm. However, several studies have suggested that increased pressure and shear stress activate cancer cell adhesion. Further studies of the pathways that regulate integrin-driven cancer cell adhesion may identify ways to disrupt these signals or block integrin-mediated adhesion so that adhesion and eventual metastasis can be prevented in the future.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) (No. DP-160104500) and Data61-CSIRO, Australiasupported in part by the European Research Council (No. ERC-CoG-771687)the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (No. NWO-vidi-14134)
文摘A fundamental aspect of society is the exchange and discussion of opinions between individuals, occurring in situations as varied as company boardrooms, elementary school classrooms and online social media. After a very brief introduction to the established results of the most fundamental opinion dynamics models, which seek to mathematically capture observed social phenomena, a brief discussion follows on several recent themes pursued by the authors building on the fundamental ideas. In the first theme, we study the way an individual′s self-confidence can develop through contributing to discussions on a sequence of topics, reaching a consensus in each case,where the consensus value to some degree reflects the contribution of that individual to the conclusion. During this process, the individuals in the network and the way they interact can change. The second theme introduces a novel discrete-time model of opinion dynamics to study how discrepancies between an individual′s expressed and private opinions can arise due to stubbornness and a pressure to conform to a social norm. It is also shown that a few extremists can create "pluralistic ignorance", where people believe there is majority support for a position but in fact the position is privately rejected by the majority. Last, we consider a group of individuals discussing a collection of logically related topics. In particular, we identify that for topics whose logical interdependencies take on a cascade structure,disagreement in opinions can occur if individuals have competing and/or heterogeneous views on how the topics are related, i.e., the logical interdependence structure varies between individuals.
文摘Inter-individual heterogeneity in drug response is a serious problem that affects the patient＇s wellbeing and poses enormous clinical and financial burdens on a societal level. Pharmacogenomics has been at the forefront of research into the impact of individual genetic background on drug response variability or drug toxicity, and recently the gut microbiome, which has also been called the second genome, has been recog- nized as an important player in this respect. Moreover, the microbiome is a very attractive target for improving drug efficacy and safety due to the opportunities to manipulate its composition. Pharmacomicrobiomics is an emerging field that investigates the interplay of microbiome variation and drugs response and disposi- tion （absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion）. In this review, we provide a historical overview and examine current state-of-the-art knowledge on the complex interactions between gut microbiome, host and drugs. We argue that combining pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics will provide an important foundation for making major advances in personalized medicine.
基金a part of NELCIN-B3 project. The NELCIN-B3 project is funded by The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Grant No. PSA_SA_BD_01)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China+1 种基金National Key R & D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFE0103000)the financial support from China Scholarship Council (CSC file No. 201708340072)
文摘Objective: European lung cancer screening studies using computed tomography(CT) have shown that a management protocol based on measuring lung nodule volume and volume doubling time(VDT) is more specific for early lung cancer detection than a diameter-based protocol. However, whether this also applies to a Chinese population is unclear. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of a volume-based protocol with a diameter-based protocol for lung cancer detection and optimize the nodule management criteria for a Chinese population.Methods: This study has a population-based, prospective cohort design and includes 4000 participants from the Hexi district of Tianjin, China. Participants will undergo low-dose chest CT at baseline and after 1 year. Initially, detected lung nodules will be evaluated for diameter and managed according to a routine diameter-based protocol(Clinical Practice Guideline in Oncology for Lung Cancer Screening, Version 2.2018). Subsequently, lung nodules will be evaluated for volume and management will be simulated according to a volume-based protocol and VDT(a European lung nodule management protocol). Participants will be followed up for 4 years to evaluate lung cancer incidence and mortality. The primary outcome is the diagnostic performance of the European volume-based protocol compared to diameter-based management regarding lung nodules detected using low-dose CT.Results: The diagnostic performance of volume-and diameter-based management for lung nodules in a Chinese population will be estimated and compared.Conclusions: Through the study, we expect to improve the management of lung nodules and early detection of lung cancer in Chinese populations.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2018YFA0606001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977404)。
文摘China’s high ambitions to reach peak CO_(2) emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 make carbon mitigation an urgent issue with widespread societal consequences.To develop an achievable roadmap and an effective portfolio of climate policies,it is essential that a clear picture of the magnitude and uncertainty of China’s current carbon balance is available,at both national and regional levels.
基金Supported by A clinical fellow grant(90700281)from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research(NWO)
文摘AIM： To investigate whether the small bowel transit time （SBTT） influences the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy （CE）. METHODS： Six hundred and ninety-one consecutive CE procedures collected in a database were analyzed. SBTT and CE findings were recorded. A running mean for the SBl-I- was calculated and correlated to the diagnostic yield with a Spearman＇s correlation test. Subgroup anal- yses were performed for the various indications for the procedure. RESULTS： There was a positive correlation between the diagnostic yield and SBT1- （Spearman＇s rho 0.58, P 〈 0.01）. Positive correlations between diagnostic yield and SB-FI-were found for the indication obscure gastro- intestinal bleeding （r = 0.54, P 〈 0.01）, for polyposis and carcinoid combined （r = 0.56, P 〈 0.01） and for the other indications （r = 0.90, P 〈0.01）, but not for suspected Crohn＇s disease （r = -0.40） CONCLUSION： The diagnostic yield in small bowel capsule endoscopy is positively correlated with the small bowel transit time. This is true for all indications except for suspected Crohn＇s disease.
基金Supported by A grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientif ic Research (NWO, VIDI Grant 917-56-358)
文摘Biliary cholesterol secretion is a process important for 2 major disease complexes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cholesterol gallstone disease. With respect to cardiovascular disease, biliary cholesterol secretion is regarded as the f inal step for the elimination of cholesterol originating from cholesterol-laden macrophage foam cells in the vessel wall in a pathway named reverse cholesterol transport. On the other hand, cholesterol hypersecretion into the bile is considered the main pathophysiological determinant of cholesterol gallstone formation. This review summarizes current knowledge on the origins of cholesterol secreted into the bile as well as the relevant processes and transporters involved. Next to the established ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediating the biliary secretion of bile acids (ABCB11), phospholipids (ABCB4) and cholesterol (ABCG5/G8), special attention is given to emerging proteins that modulate or mediate biliary cholesterol secretion. In this regard, the potential impact of the phosphatidylserine flippase ATPase class Ⅰ type 8B member 1, the Niemann Pick C1-like protein 1 that mediatescholesterol absorption and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake receptor, scavenger receptor class B type Ⅰ, is discussed.
基金Yinyu Xiang is very grateful to the China Scholarship Council(CSC:No.201806950083)for his PhD scholarship。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,although a promising candidate of next-generation energy storage devices,are hindered by some bottlenecks in their roadmap toward commercialization.The key challenges include solving the issues such as low utilization of active materials,poor cyclic stability,poor rate performance,and unsatisfactory Coulombic efficiency due to the inherent poor electrical and ionic conductivity of sulfur and its discharged products(e.g.,Li2S2 and Li_(2)S),dissolution and migration of polysulfide ions in the electrolyte,unstable solid electrolyte interphase and dendritic growth on an odes,and volume change in both cathodes and anodes.Owing to the high specific surface area,pore volume,low density,good chemical stability,and particularly multimodal pore sizes,hierarchical porous carbon(HPC)mate rials have received considerable attention for circumventing the above pro blems in Li-S batteries.Herein,recent progress made in the synthetic methods and deployment of HPC materials for various components including sulfur cathodes,separators and interlayers,and lithium anodes in Li-S batteries is presented and summarized.More importantly,the correlation between the structures(pore volume,specific surface area,degree of pores,and heteroatom-doping)of HPC and the electrochemical performances of Li-S batteries is elaborated.Finally,a discussion on the challenges and future perspectives associated with HPCs for Li-S batteries is provided.
基金Supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0406300,2020YFA0406400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11625523,11635010,11735014,11835012,11935015,11935016,11935018,11961141012,12025502,12035009,12035013,12061131003,12105276,12122509,12192260,12192261,12192262,12192263,12192264,12192265,12221005,12225509,12235017)+15 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(U1732263,U1832103,U1832207,U2032111)CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SLH003,QYZDJ-SSW-SLH040)100 Talents Program of CASThe Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics(INPAC)and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement(894790)German Research Foundation DFG(455635585),Collaborative Research Center CRC 1044,FOR5327,GRK 2149Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,ItalyMinistry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2022R1A2C1092335)National Science and Technology fund of MongoliaNational Science Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation of Thailand(B16F640076)Polish National Science Centre(2019/35/O/ST2/02907)The Swedish Research CouncilU.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-05ER41374)。
文摘Using e^(+)e^(−)annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^(−1)taken at the center-of-mass energy√s=3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector,a joint amplitude analysis is performed on the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η).The fit fractions of individual components are obtained,and large interferences among the dominant components of the decays D^(0)→a_(1)(1260)π,D^(0)→π(1300)π,D^(0)→ρ(770)ρ(770),and D^(0)→2(ππ)_(S)are observed in both channels.With the obtained amplitude model,the CP-even fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are determined to be(75.2±1.1_(stat).±1.5_(syst.))%and(68.9±1.5_(stat).±2.4_(syst.))%,respectively.The branching fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are measured to be(0.688±0.010_(stat.)±0.010_(syst.))%and(0.951±0.025_(stat.)±0.021_(syst.))%,respectively.The amplitude analysis provides an important model for the binning strategy in measuring the strong phase parameters of D^(0)→4πwhen used to determine the CKM angleγ(ϕ_(3))via the B^(−)→DK^(−)decay.
