In January 2013,a severe fog and haze event(FHE)of strong intensity,long duration,and extensive coverage occurred in eastern China.The present study investigates meteorological conditions for this FHE by diagnosing bo...In January 2013,a severe fog and haze event(FHE)of strong intensity,long duration,and extensive coverage occurred in eastern China.The present study investigates meteorological conditions for this FHE by diagnosing both its atmospheric background fields and daily evolution in January 2013.The results show that a weak East Asian winter monsoon existed in January2013.Over eastern China,the anomalous southerly winds in the middle and lower troposphere are favorable for more water vapor transported to eastern China.An anomalous high at 500 hPa suppresses convection.The weakened surface winds are favorable for the fog and haze concentrating in eastern China.The reduction of the vertical shear of horizontal winds weakens the synoptic disturbances and vertical mixing of atmosphere.The anomalous inversion in near-surface increases the stability of surface air.All these meteorological background fields in January 2013 were conducive to the maintenance and development of fog and haze over eastern China.The diagnosis of the daily evolution of the FHE shows that the surface wind velocity and the vertical shear of horizontal winds in the middle and lower troposphere can exert dynamic effects on fog and haze.The larger(smaller)they are,the weaker(stronger)the fog and haze are.The thermodynamic effects include stratification instability in middle and lower troposphere and the inversion and dew-point deficit in near-surface.The larger(smaller)the stratification instability and the inversion are,the stronger(weaker)the fog and haze are.Meanwhile,the smaller(larger)the dewpoint deficit is,the stronger(weaker)the fog and haze are.Based on the meteorological factors,a multi-variate linear regression model is set up.The model results show that the dynamic and thermodynamic effects on the variance of the fog and haze evolution are almost the same.The contribution of the meteorological factors to the variance of the daily fog and haze evolution reaches 0.68,which explains more than 2/3 of the variance.展开更多
ENSO induces coherent climate anomalies over the Indo-western Pacific, but these anomalies outlast SST anomalies of the equatorial Pacific by a season, with major effects on the Asian summer monsoon. This review provi...ENSO induces coherent climate anomalies over the Indo-western Pacific, but these anomalies outlast SST anomalies of the equatorial Pacific by a season, with major effects on the Asian summer monsoon. This review provides historical accounts of major milestones and synthesizes recent advances in the endeavor to understand summer variability over the Indo-Northwest Pacific region. Specifically, a large-scale anomalous anticyclone （AAC） is a recurrent pattern in post-E1 Nifio summers, spanning the tropical Northwest Pacific and North Indian oceans. Regarding the ocean memory that anchors the summer AAC, competing hypotheses emphasize either SST cooling in the easterly trade wind regime of the Northwest Pacific or SST warming in the westerly monsoon regime of the North Indian Ocean. Our synthesis reveals a coupled ocean- atmosphere mode that builds on both mechanisms in a two-stage evolution. In spring, when the northeast trades prevail, the AAC and Northwest Pacific cooling are coupled via wind-evaporation-SST feedback. The Northwest Pacific cooling persists to trigger a summer feedback that arises from the interaction of the AAC and North Indian Ocean warming, enabled by the westerly monsoon wind regime. This Indo-western Pacific ocean capacitor （IPOC） effect explains why E1 Nifio stages its last act over the monsoonal Indo-Northwest Pacific and casts the Indian Ocean warming and AAC in leading roles. The IPOC displays interdecadal modulations by the ENSO variance cycle, significantly correlated with ENSO at the turn of the 20th century and after the 1970s, but not in between. Outstanding issues, including future climate projections, are also discussed.展开更多
An eddy-permitting, quasi-global oceanic general circulation model, LICOM (LASG/IAP (State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physi...An eddy-permitting, quasi-global oceanic general circulation model, LICOM (LASG/IAP (State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Climate System Ocean Model), with a uniform grid of 0.5? × 0.5? is established. Forced by wind stresses from Hellerman and Rosenstain (1983), a 40-yr integration is conducted with sea surface temperature and salinity being restored to the Levitus 94 datasets. The evaluation of the annual mean climatology of the LICOM control run shows that the large-scale circulation can be well reproduced. A comparison between the LICOM control run and a parallel integration of L30T63, which has the same framework but a coarse resolution, is also made to con?rm the impact of resolution on the model performance. On account of the reduction of horizontal viscosity with the enhancement of the horizontal resolution, LICOM improves the simulation with respect to not only the intensity of the large scale circulations, but also the magnitude and structure of the Equatorial Undercurrent and South Equatorial Current. Taking advantage of the ?ne grid size, the pathway of the Indonesian Through?ow (ITF) is better represented in LICOM than in L30T63. The transport of ITF in LICOM is more convergent in the upper layer. As a consequence, the Indian Ocean tends to get warmer in LICOM. The poleward heat transports for both the global and individual basins are also signi?cantly improved in LICOM. A decomposed analysis indicates that the transport due to the barotropic gyre, which primarily stands for the barotropic e?ect of the western boundary currents, plays a crucial role in making the di?erence.展开更多
Through analyzing the yearly average data obtained from 123 regular meteorological observatories located in the Tibetan Plateau (T-P), this article studies the characteristics of climate change in T-P in the last 40 y...Through analyzing the yearly average data obtained from 123 regular meteorological observatories located in the Tibetan Plateau (T-P), this article studies the characteristics of climate change in T-P in the last 40 years. Prom the distribution of the linear trend, it can be concluded that the southeastern part of T-P becomes warmer and wetter, with an obvious increase of rainfall. The same characteristics are found in the southwestern part of T-P, but the shift is smaller. In the middle of T-P, temperature and humidity obviously increase with the center of the increase in Bangoin-Amdo. The south of the Tarim Basin also exhibits the same tendency. The reason for this area being humid is that it gets less sunshine and milder wind. The northeastern part of T-P turns warmer and drier. Qaidam Basin and its western and southern areas are the center of this shift, in which the living environment is deteriorating. Analyzing the characteristics of the regional average time series, it can be found that in the mid-1970s, a significant sudden change occurred to annual rainfall, yearly average snow-accumulation days and surface pressure in the eastern part of T-P. In the mid-1980s, another evident climatic jump happened to yearly average temperature, total cloud amount, surface pressure, relative humidity, and sunshine duration in the same area. That is, in the mid 1980s, the plateau experienced a climatic jump that is featured by the increase of temperature, snow-accumulation days, relative humidity, surface pressure, and by the decrease of sunshine duration and total cloud amount. The sudden climatic change of temperature in T-P is later than that of the global-mean temperature. Prom this paper it can be seen that in the middle of the 1980s, a climatic jump from warm-dry to warm-wet occurred in T-P.展开更多
Recent advances in studies on the interaction between the East Asian monsoon and the ENSO cycle are reviewed in this paper. Through the recent studies, not only have the responding features and processes of the East A...Recent advances in studies on the interaction between the East Asian monsoon and the ENSO cycle are reviewed in this paper. Through the recent studies, not only have the responding features and processes of the East Asian winter and summer monsoon circulation anomalies and summer rainfall anomalies in East Asia to the ENSO cycle during its different stages been understood further, but also have the thermal and dynamic effects of the tropical \vestern Pacific on the ENSO cycle been deeply analyzed from the observational facts and dynamic theories. The results of observational and theoretical studies showed that the dynamical effect of the atmospheric circulation and zonai wind anomalies in the lower troposphere over the tropical western Pacific on the ENSO cycle may be through the excitation of the equatorial oceanic Kelvin wave and Rossby waves in the equatorial Pacific. These studies demonstrated further that the ENSO cycle originates from the tropical western Pacific. Moreover, these recent studies also showed that the atmospheric circulation and zonai wind anomalies over the tropical western Pacific not only result from the air-sea interaction over the tropical western Pacific, but are also greatly influenced by the East Asian winter and summer monsoons. Additionally, the scientific problems in the interaction between the Asian monsoon and the ENSO cycle which should be studied further in the near future are also pointed out in this paper.展开更多
A striking climate warming over the Ti- betan Plateau during the last decades has been re- vealed by many studies, but evidence linking it to human activity is insufficient. By using historical ob- servations, here we...A striking climate warming over the Ti- betan Plateau during the last decades has been re- vealed by many studies, but evidence linking it to human activity is insufficient. By using historical ob- servations, here we show that the in situ climate warming is accompanied by a distinct decreasing trend of the diurnal range of surface air temperature. The ERA40 reanalysis further indicates that there seems to be a coherent warming trend near the tro- popause but a cooling trend in the lower stratosphere. Moreover, all these features can be reproduced in two coupled climate models forced by observed CO2 concentration of the 20th century but cannot be pro- duced by the fixed external conditions before the industrial revolution. These suggest that the recent climate warming over the Tibetan Plateau primarily results from the increasing anthropogenic green- house gases emissions, and impacts of the increased greenhouse gases emissions upon the climate change in the plateau are probably more serious than the rest of the world.展开更多
A new North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the NAOI, is defined as the differences of normalized sea level pressures regionally zonal-averaged over a broad range of longitudes 80°W-30°E. A comprehensive c...A new North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the NAOI, is defined as the differences of normalized sea level pressures regionally zonal-averaged over a broad range of longitudes 80°W-30°E. A comprehensive comparison of six NAO indices indicates that the new NAOI provides a more faithful representation of the spatial-temporal variability associated with the NAO on all timescales. A very high signal-to-noise ratio for the NAOI exists for all seasons, and the life cycle represented by the NAOI describes well the seasonal migration for action centers of the NAO. The NAOI captures a larger fraction of the variance of sea level pressure over the North Atlantic sector (20°-90°N, 80°W-30°E), on average 10% more than any other NAO index. There are quite different relationships between the NAOI and surface air temperature during winter and summer. A novel feature, however, is that the NAOI is significantly negative correlated with surface air temperature over the North Atlantic Ocean between 10°-25°N and 70°-30°W, whether in winter or summer. From 1873, the NAOI exhibits strong interannual and decadal variability. Its interannual variability of the twelve calendar months is obviously phase-locked with the seasonal cycle. Moreover, the annual NAOI exhibits a clearer decadal variability in amplitude than the winter NAOI. An upward trend is found in the annual NAOI between the 1870s and 1910s, while the other winter NAO indices fail to show this tendency. The annual NAOI exhibits a strongly positive epoch of 50 years between 1896 and 1950. After 1950, the variability of the annual NAOI is very similar to that of the winter NAO indices.展开更多
Rare earth elements(REE)include the lanthanide series elements(La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy.Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,and Lu)plus Sc and Y.Currently these metals have become very critical to several modern technologies ranging fro...Rare earth elements(REE)include the lanthanide series elements(La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy.Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,and Lu)plus Sc and Y.Currently these metals have become very critical to several modern technologies ranging from cell phones and televisions to LED light bulbs and wind turbines.This article summarizes the occurrence of these metals in the Earth’s crust,their mineralogy,different types of deposits both on land and oceans from the standpoint of the new data with more examples from the Indian subcontinent.In addition to their utility to understand the formation of the major Earth reservoirs.multi-faceted updates on the applications of REE in agriculture and medicine including new emerging ones are presented.Environmental hazards including human health issues due to REE mining and large-scale dumping of e-waste containing significant concentrations of REE are summarized.New strategies for the future supply of REE including recent developments in the extraction of REE from coal fired ash and recycling from e-waste are presented.Recent developments in individual REE separation technologies in both metallurgical and recycling operations have been highlighted.An outline of the analytical methods for their precise and accurate determinations required in all these studies,such as,Xray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS),instrumental neutron activation analysis(INAA),inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES),glow discharge mass spectrometry(GD-MS),inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(including ICP-MS,ICP-TOF-MS,HR-ICP-MS with laser ablation as well as solution nebulization)and other instrumental techniques,in different types of materials are presented.展开更多
In this paper, an objective technique for estimating the tropical cyclone （TC） precipitation from station observations is proposed. Based on a comparison between the Original Objective Method （OOM） and the Expert ...In this paper, an objective technique for estimating the tropical cyclone （TC） precipitation from station observations is proposed. Based on a comparison between the Original Objective Method （OOM） and the Expert Subjective Method （ESM）, the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique （OSAT） for partitioning TC precipitation was developed by analyzing the western North Pacific （WNP） TC historical track and the daily precipitation datasets. Being an objective way of the ESM, OSAT overcomes the main problems in OOM, by changing two fixed parameters in OOM, the thresholds for the distance of the absolute TC precipitation （D0） and the TC size （D1）, into variable parameters.Case verification for OSAT was also carried out by applying CMORPH （Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique） daily precipitation measurements, which is NOAA＇s combined satellite precipitation measurement system. This indicates that OSAT is capable of distinguishing simultaneous TC precipitation rain-belts from those associated with different TCs or with middle-latitude weather systems.展开更多
Impacts of the MJO on winter rainfall and circulation in China are investigated using a real-time multivariate MJO index.Composite results using the daily rainfall anomalies and "rainy day" anomalies accordi...Impacts of the MJO on winter rainfall and circulation in China are investigated using a real-time multivariate MJO index.Composite results using the daily rainfall anomalies and "rainy day" anomalies according to eight different MJO phases show that the MJO has considerable influence on winter rainfall in China. Rainfall anomalies show systematic and substantial changes(enhanced/suppressed) in the Yangtze River Basin and South China with the eastward propagation of the MJO convective center from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific.When the MJO is in phase 2 and 3(MJO convective center is located over the Indian Ocean),rainfall probability is significantly enhanced.While in phase 6 and 7(MJO convective center is over the western Pacific),rainfall probability is significantly reduced. MJO in winter influences the rainfall in China mainly through modulating the circulation in the subtropics and mid-high latitudes.For the subtropics,MJO influences the northward moisture transport coming from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea by modulating the southern trough of the Bay of Bengal and the western Pacific subtropical high.For the mid-high latitudes,the propagation of the low frequency perturbations associated with the eastward-propagating MJO convection modulate the circulation in the mid-high latitudes,e.g.the East Asian winter monsoon and the low trough over central Asia.展开更多
Coupled ocean-atmospheric general circulation models are the only tools to quantitatively simulate the climate system. Since the end of the 1980s, a group of scientists in the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelin...Coupled ocean-atmospheric general circulation models are the only tools to quantitatively simulate the climate system. Since the end of the 1980s, a group of scientists in the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), have been working to develop a global OGCM and a global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation modei (CGCM). Prom the original flux anomaly-coupling modei developed in the beginning of the 1990s to the latest directly-coupling modei, LASG scientists have developed four global coupled GCMs. This study summarizes the development history of these models and describes the third and fourth coupled GCMs and selected applications. Strengths and weaknesses of these models are highlighted.展开更多
This study mainly introduces the development of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model： Grid-point Version 2 （FGOALS-g2） and the preliminary evaluations of its performances based on re- sults from t...This study mainly introduces the development of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model： Grid-point Version 2 （FGOALS-g2） and the preliminary evaluations of its performances based on re- sults from the pre-industrial control run and four members of historical runs according to the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5） experiment design. The results suggest that many obvi- ous improvements have been achieved by the FGOALS-g2 compared with the previous version, FGOALS-gl, including its climatological mean states, climate variability, and 20th century surface temperature evolution. For example, FGOALS-g2 better simulates the frequency of tropical land precipitation, East Asian Monsoon precipitation and its seasonal cycle, MJO and ENSO, which are closely related to the updated cumulus parameterization scheme, as well as the alleviation of uncertainties in some key parameters in shallow and deep convection schemes, cloud fraction, cloud macro/microphysical processes and the boundary layer scheme in its atmospheric model. The annual cycle of sea surface temperature along the equator in the Pacific is significantly improved in the new version. The sea ice salinity simulation is one of the unique characteristics of FGOALS-g2, although it is somehow inconsistent with empirical observations in the Antarctic.展开更多
Projections of future precipitation change over China are studied based on the output of a global AGCM, ECHAM5, with a high resolution of T319 （equivalent to 40 km）. Evaluation of the model’s performance in simulat...Projections of future precipitation change over China are studied based on the output of a global AGCM, ECHAM5, with a high resolution of T319 （equivalent to 40 km）. Evaluation of the model’s performance in simulating present-day precipitation shows encouraging results. The spatial distributions of both mean and extreme precipitation, especially the locations of main precipitation centers, are reproduced reasonably. The simulated annual cycle of precipitation is close to the observed. The performance of the model over eastern China is generally better than that over western China. A weakness of the model is the overestimation of precipitation over northern and western China. Analyses on the potential change in precipitation projected under the A1B scenario show that both annual mean precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation would increase significantly over southeastern China. The percentage increase in extreme precipitation is larger than that of mean precipitation. Meanwhile, decreases in mean and extreme precipitation are evident over the southern Tibetan Plateau. For precipitation days, extreme precipitation days are projected to increase over all of China. Both consecutive dry days over northern China and consecutive wet days over southern China would decrease.展开更多
Using the observed daily temperatures from 756 stations in China during the period from 1951 to 2009 extensive and persistent extreme cold events (EPECEs) were defined according to the following three steps:1) a stati...Using the observed daily temperatures from 756 stations in China during the period from 1951 to 2009 extensive and persistent extreme cold events (EPECEs) were defined according to the following three steps:1) a station was defined as an extreme cold station (ECS) if the observed temperature was lower than its 10th percentile threshold;2) an extensive extreme cold event was determined to be present if the approximated area occupied by the ECSs was more than 10% of the total area of China (83rd percentile) on its starting day and the maximum area occupied by the ECSs was at least 20% of the total area of China (96th percentile);and 3) an EPECE was determined to be present if the extensive extreme cold event lasted for at least for eight days.52 EPECEs were identified in this manner,and these identification results were also verified using other reliable data.On the basis of cluster analysis,five types of EPECEs were classified according to the spatial distribution of ECSs at their most extensive time over the course of the EPECE.展开更多
A fast version of the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics （LASG）/Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP） climate system model is briefly documented. Th...A fast version of the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics （LASG）/Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP） climate system model is briefly documented. The fast coupled model employs a low resolution version of the atmospheric component Grid Atmospheric Model of IAP/LASG （GAMIL）, with the other parts of the model, namely an oceanic component LASG/IAP Climate Ocean Model （LICOM）, land component Common Land Model （CLM）, and sea ice component from National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model （NCAR CCSM2）, as the same as in the standard version of LASG/IAP Flexible Global Ocean Atmosphere Land System model （FGOALS_g）. The parameterizations of physical and dynamical processes of the atmospheric component in the fast version are identical to the standard version, although some parameter values are different. However, by virtue of reduced horizontal resolution and increased time-step of the most time-consuming atmospheric component, it runs faster by a factor of 3 and can serve as a useful tool for longterm and large-ensemble integrations. A 1000-year control simulation of the present-day climate has been completed without flux adjustments. The final 600 years of this simulation has virtually no trends in global mean sea surface temperatures and is recommended for internal variability studies. Several aspects of the control simulation＇s mean climate and variability are evaluated against the observational or reanalysis data. The strengths and weaknesses of the control simulation are evaluated. The mean atmospheric circulation is well simulated, except in high latitudes. The Asian-Australian monsoonal meridional cell shows realistic features, however, an artificial rainfall center is located to the eastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau persists throughout the year. The mean bias of SST resembles that of the standard version, appearing as a ＂double ITCZ＂ （Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone） associated展开更多
The Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP) in SW China is interpreted to be associated with an ancient mantle plume. Most of the constraints on the role of mantle plume in the generation of the Emeishan flood basalts w...The Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP) in SW China is interpreted to be associated with an ancient mantle plume. Most of the constraints on the role of mantle plume in the generation of the Emeishan flood basalts were provided by geological and geochemical methods, but the geophysical investigation is very limited. In order to better understand the deep structure and features of ELIP, we have studied the crustal velocity structure using the data acquired from the Lijiang-Panzhihua-Qingzhen wide-angle seismic profile. This profile crosses the three sub-zones of the ELIP(the inner, intermediate, and outer zones), divided based on the differential erosion and uplift of the Maokou limestone. The results provided by the active source seismic experiment demonstrate:(1) The average depth of the crystalline basement along the profile is about 2 km.(2) The middle crust in the Inner Zone is characterized by high-velocity anomalies, with the average velocity of 6.2-6.6 km/s, which is about 0.1– 0.2 km/s higher than the normal one. The velocity of the lower crust in the inner zone is 6.9-7.2 km/s, higher than those observed in the intermediate and outer zones(6.7-7.0 km/s). Relatively low velocity anomalies appear in the upper, middle and lower crusts near the junction of the inner zone and intermediate zone, probably due to the effect of the Xiaojiang fault(XJF).(3) The average velocity of the crust is comparatively low on both sides of XJF, especially on the east side, and the average velocity of the consolidated continental crust is also low there. This may suggest that the XJF extends at least down to 40 km deep, even beyond through the crust.(4) The depth to the Moho discontinuity decrease gradually from 47-53 km in the inner zone, via 42-50 km in the intermediate zone to 38-42 km in the outer zone. In the inner zone, the Moho uplifts locally and the(consolidated) crust is characterized by high-velocity anomalies, which are likely related to intensive magma intrusion and underplating associated with melting of plum展开更多
A box model of the interhemispheric thermohaline circulation （THC） in atmosphere-ocean for global climate is considered. By using the generalized variational iteration method, the approximate solution of a simplifie...A box model of the interhemispheric thermohaline circulation （THC） in atmosphere-ocean for global climate is considered. By using the generalized variational iteration method, the approximate solution of a simplified nonlinear model is studied. The generalized variational iteration method is an analytic method, and the obtained analytic solution can be operated sequentially. The authors also diversify qualitative and quantitative behaviors for corresponding physical quantities.展开更多
A pair of northeast-southwest-tilted mid-tropospheric ridges and troughs on the continental scale was observed to be the key circulation feature common among wintertime extensive and persistent low tempera-ture events...A pair of northeast-southwest-tilted mid-tropospheric ridges and troughs on the continental scale was observed to be the key circulation feature common among wintertime extensive and persistent low tempera-ture events (EPLTE) in China.During the persistence of such anomalous circulations,the split flow over the inner Asian continent and the influent flow over the southeast-ern coast of China correspond well to the expanded and amplified Siberian high with tightened sea level pressure gradients and hence,a strong,cold advection over south-eastern China.The western Pacific subtropical high tends to expand northward during the early stages of most EPLTEs.展开更多
A coupled system of the interdecadal sea-air oscillator model is studied. The E1 Nifio-southem oscillation （ENSO） atmospheric physics oscillation is an abnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific ocean-atmo...A coupled system of the interdecadal sea-air oscillator model is studied. The E1 Nifio-southem oscillation （ENSO） atmospheric physics oscillation is an abnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions. The oscillator model is involved with the variations of both the eastern and western Pacific anomaly pat- terns. This paper proposes an ENSO atmospheric physics model using a method of the perturbation theory. The aim is to create an asymptotic solving method for the ENSO model. Employing the perturbed method, the asymptotic solution of corresponding problem is obtained, and the asymptotic behaviour of the solution is studied. Thus we can obtain the prognoses of the sea surface temperature anomaly and related physical quantities.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41221064)the International S&T Cooperation Project othe Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2009-DFA21430)
文摘In January 2013,a severe fog and haze event(FHE)of strong intensity,long duration,and extensive coverage occurred in eastern China.The present study investigates meteorological conditions for this FHE by diagnosing both its atmospheric background fields and daily evolution in January 2013.The results show that a weak East Asian winter monsoon existed in January2013.Over eastern China,the anomalous southerly winds in the middle and lower troposphere are favorable for more water vapor transported to eastern China.An anomalous high at 500 hPa suppresses convection.The weakened surface winds are favorable for the fog and haze concentrating in eastern China.The reduction of the vertical shear of horizontal winds weakens the synoptic disturbances and vertical mixing of atmosphere.The anomalous inversion in near-surface increases the stability of surface air.All these meteorological background fields in January 2013 were conducive to the maintenance and development of fog and haze over eastern China.The diagnosis of the daily evolution of the FHE shows that the surface wind velocity and the vertical shear of horizontal winds in the middle and lower troposphere can exert dynamic effects on fog and haze.The larger(smaller)they are,the weaker(stronger)the fog and haze are.The thermodynamic effects include stratification instability in middle and lower troposphere and the inversion and dew-point deficit in near-surface.The larger(smaller)the stratification instability and the inversion are,the stronger(weaker)the fog and haze are.Meanwhile,the smaller(larger)the dewpoint deficit is,the stronger(weaker)the fog and haze are.Based on the meteorological factors,a multi-variate linear regression model is set up.The model results show that the dynamic and thermodynamic effects on the variance of the fog and haze evolution are almost the same.The contribution of the meteorological factors to the variance of the daily fog and haze evolution reaches 0.68,which explains more than 2/3 of the variance.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB 955600)the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA11010103)+1 种基金the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund 2-1503 of the Japanese Ministry of Environment, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25287120 and for Young Scientists 15H05466the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41205049, 41275081, 41425019, 41525019, 41521005)
文摘ENSO induces coherent climate anomalies over the Indo-western Pacific, but these anomalies outlast SST anomalies of the equatorial Pacific by a season, with major effects on the Asian summer monsoon. This review provides historical accounts of major milestones and synthesizes recent advances in the endeavor to understand summer variability over the Indo-Northwest Pacific region. Specifically, a large-scale anomalous anticyclone （AAC） is a recurrent pattern in post-E1 Nifio summers, spanning the tropical Northwest Pacific and North Indian oceans. Regarding the ocean memory that anchors the summer AAC, competing hypotheses emphasize either SST cooling in the easterly trade wind regime of the Northwest Pacific or SST warming in the westerly monsoon regime of the North Indian Ocean. Our synthesis reveals a coupled ocean- atmosphere mode that builds on both mechanisms in a two-stage evolution. In spring, when the northeast trades prevail, the AAC and Northwest Pacific cooling are coupled via wind-evaporation-SST feedback. The Northwest Pacific cooling persists to trigger a summer feedback that arises from the interaction of the AAC and North Indian Ocean warming, enabled by the westerly monsoon wind regime. This Indo-western Pacific ocean capacitor （IPOC） effect explains why E1 Nifio stages its last act over the monsoonal Indo-Northwest Pacific and casts the Indian Ocean warming and AAC in leading roles. The IPOC displays interdecadal modulations by the ENSO variance cycle, significantly correlated with ENSO at the turn of the 20th century and after the 1970s, but not in between. Outstanding issues, including future climate projections, are also discussed.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences "Innovation Program" (Grant No. ZKCX2-SW-210) the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (Grant No.ZKCX2-SW-210)+1 种基金 the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (Grant G 1999043808 , G2000078502) the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 40233031 , 40231004.
文摘An eddy-permitting, quasi-global oceanic general circulation model, LICOM (LASG/IAP (State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Climate System Ocean Model), with a uniform grid of 0.5? × 0.5? is established. Forced by wind stresses from Hellerman and Rosenstain (1983), a 40-yr integration is conducted with sea surface temperature and salinity being restored to the Levitus 94 datasets. The evaluation of the annual mean climatology of the LICOM control run shows that the large-scale circulation can be well reproduced. A comparison between the LICOM control run and a parallel integration of L30T63, which has the same framework but a coarse resolution, is also made to con?rm the impact of resolution on the model performance. On account of the reduction of horizontal viscosity with the enhancement of the horizontal resolution, LICOM improves the simulation with respect to not only the intensity of the large scale circulations, but also the magnitude and structure of the Equatorial Undercurrent and South Equatorial Current. Taking advantage of the ?ne grid size, the pathway of the Indonesian Through?ow (ITF) is better represented in LICOM than in L30T63. The transport of ITF in LICOM is more convergent in the upper layer. As a consequence, the Indian Ocean tends to get warmer in LICOM. The poleward heat transports for both the global and individual basins are also signi?cantly improved in LICOM. A decomposed analysis indicates that the transport due to the barotropic gyre, which primarily stands for the barotropic e?ect of the western boundary currents, plays a crucial role in making the di?erence.
文摘Through analyzing the yearly average data obtained from 123 regular meteorological observatories located in the Tibetan Plateau (T-P), this article studies the characteristics of climate change in T-P in the last 40 years. Prom the distribution of the linear trend, it can be concluded that the southeastern part of T-P becomes warmer and wetter, with an obvious increase of rainfall. The same characteristics are found in the southwestern part of T-P, but the shift is smaller. In the middle of T-P, temperature and humidity obviously increase with the center of the increase in Bangoin-Amdo. The south of the Tarim Basin also exhibits the same tendency. The reason for this area being humid is that it gets less sunshine and milder wind. The northeastern part of T-P turns warmer and drier. Qaidam Basin and its western and southern areas are the center of this shift, in which the living environment is deteriorating. Analyzing the characteristics of the regional average time series, it can be found that in the mid-1970s, a significant sudden change occurred to annual rainfall, yearly average snow-accumulation days and surface pressure in the eastern part of T-P. In the mid-1980s, another evident climatic jump happened to yearly average temperature, total cloud amount, surface pressure, relative humidity, and sunshine duration in the same area. That is, in the mid 1980s, the plateau experienced a climatic jump that is featured by the increase of temperature, snow-accumulation days, relative humidity, surface pressure, and by the decrease of sunshine duration and total cloud amount. The sudden climatic change of temperature in T-P is later than that of the global-mean temperature. Prom this paper it can be seen that in the middle of the 1980s, a climatic jump from warm-dry to warm-wet occurred in T-P.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40231005)the Progran for Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX3-SW-218,KZCX2-SW-210).
文摘Recent advances in studies on the interaction between the East Asian monsoon and the ENSO cycle are reviewed in this paper. Through the recent studies, not only have the responding features and processes of the East Asian winter and summer monsoon circulation anomalies and summer rainfall anomalies in East Asia to the ENSO cycle during its different stages been understood further, but also have the thermal and dynamic effects of the tropical \vestern Pacific on the ENSO cycle been deeply analyzed from the observational facts and dynamic theories. The results of observational and theoretical studies showed that the dynamical effect of the atmospheric circulation and zonai wind anomalies in the lower troposphere over the tropical western Pacific on the ENSO cycle may be through the excitation of the equatorial oceanic Kelvin wave and Rossby waves in the equatorial Pacific. These studies demonstrated further that the ENSO cycle originates from the tropical western Pacific. Moreover, these recent studies also showed that the atmospheric circulation and zonai wind anomalies over the tropical western Pacific not only result from the air-sea interaction over the tropical western Pacific, but are also greatly influenced by the East Asian winter and summer monsoons. Additionally, the scientific problems in the interaction between the Asian monsoon and the ENSO cycle which should be studied further in the near future are also pointed out in this paper.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 40523001, 40405016 ＆ 40475027） Climate Change Special Project of China Meteorological Administration （Grant No. CCSF2005-2-QH37）.
文摘A striking climate warming over the Ti- betan Plateau during the last decades has been re- vealed by many studies, but evidence linking it to human activity is insufficient. By using historical ob- servations, here we show that the in situ climate warming is accompanied by a distinct decreasing trend of the diurnal range of surface air temperature. The ERA40 reanalysis further indicates that there seems to be a coherent warming trend near the tro- popause but a cooling trend in the lower stratosphere. Moreover, all these features can be reproduced in two coupled climate models forced by observed CO2 concentration of the 20th century but cannot be pro- duced by the fixed external conditions before the industrial revolution. These suggest that the recent climate warming over the Tibetan Plateau primarily results from the increasing anthropogenic green- house gases emissions, and impacts of the increased greenhouse gases emissions upon the climate change in the plateau are probably more serious than the rest of the world.
基金supported jointly by the NOAA Arctic Research,CAS Project ZKCX2-SW-210the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40275025)
文摘A new North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the NAOI, is defined as the differences of normalized sea level pressures regionally zonal-averaged over a broad range of longitudes 80°W-30°E. A comprehensive comparison of six NAO indices indicates that the new NAOI provides a more faithful representation of the spatial-temporal variability associated with the NAO on all timescales. A very high signal-to-noise ratio for the NAOI exists for all seasons, and the life cycle represented by the NAOI describes well the seasonal migration for action centers of the NAO. The NAOI captures a larger fraction of the variance of sea level pressure over the North Atlantic sector (20°-90°N, 80°W-30°E), on average 10% more than any other NAO index. There are quite different relationships between the NAOI and surface air temperature during winter and summer. A novel feature, however, is that the NAOI is significantly negative correlated with surface air temperature over the North Atlantic Ocean between 10°-25°N and 70°-30°W, whether in winter or summer. From 1873, the NAOI exhibits strong interannual and decadal variability. Its interannual variability of the twelve calendar months is obviously phase-locked with the seasonal cycle. Moreover, the annual NAOI exhibits a clearer decadal variability in amplitude than the winter NAOI. An upward trend is found in the annual NAOI between the 1870s and 1910s, while the other winter NAO indices fail to show this tendency. The annual NAOI exhibits a strongly positive epoch of 50 years between 1896 and 1950. After 1950, the variability of the annual NAOI is very similar to that of the winter NAO indices.
文摘Rare earth elements(REE)include the lanthanide series elements(La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy.Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,and Lu)plus Sc and Y.Currently these metals have become very critical to several modern technologies ranging from cell phones and televisions to LED light bulbs and wind turbines.This article summarizes the occurrence of these metals in the Earth’s crust,their mineralogy,different types of deposits both on land and oceans from the standpoint of the new data with more examples from the Indian subcontinent.In addition to their utility to understand the formation of the major Earth reservoirs.multi-faceted updates on the applications of REE in agriculture and medicine including new emerging ones are presented.Environmental hazards including human health issues due to REE mining and large-scale dumping of e-waste containing significant concentrations of REE are summarized.New strategies for the future supply of REE including recent developments in the extraction of REE from coal fired ash and recycling from e-waste are presented.Recent developments in individual REE separation technologies in both metallurgical and recycling operations have been highlighted.An outline of the analytical methods for their precise and accurate determinations required in all these studies,such as,Xray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS),instrumental neutron activation analysis(INAA),inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES),glow discharge mass spectrometry(GD-MS),inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(including ICP-MS,ICP-TOF-MS,HR-ICP-MS with laser ablation as well as solution nebulization)and other instrumental techniques,in different types of materials are presented.
文摘In this paper, an objective technique for estimating the tropical cyclone （TC） precipitation from station observations is proposed. Based on a comparison between the Original Objective Method （OOM） and the Expert Subjective Method （ESM）, the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique （OSAT） for partitioning TC precipitation was developed by analyzing the western North Pacific （WNP） TC historical track and the daily precipitation datasets. Being an objective way of the ESM, OSAT overcomes the main problems in OOM, by changing two fixed parameters in OOM, the thresholds for the distance of the absolute TC precipitation （D0） and the TC size （D1）, into variable parameters.Case verification for OSAT was also carried out by applying CMORPH （Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique） daily precipitation measurements, which is NOAA＇s combined satellite precipitation measurement system. This indicates that OSAT is capable of distinguishing simultaneous TC precipitation rain-belts from those associated with different TCs or with middle-latitude weather systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40905035)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,Grant No.2010CB428606)+2 种基金the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation of China(GYHY200806004)the Science Foundation of China(U0833602)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China under Grant Nos.2009BAC51B00 and 2007BAC29B04.
文摘Impacts of the MJO on winter rainfall and circulation in China are investigated using a real-time multivariate MJO index.Composite results using the daily rainfall anomalies and "rainy day" anomalies according to eight different MJO phases show that the MJO has considerable influence on winter rainfall in China. Rainfall anomalies show systematic and substantial changes(enhanced/suppressed) in the Yangtze River Basin and South China with the eastward propagation of the MJO convective center from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific.When the MJO is in phase 2 and 3(MJO convective center is located over the Indian Ocean),rainfall probability is significantly enhanced.While in phase 6 and 7(MJO convective center is over the western Pacific),rainfall probability is significantly reduced. MJO in winter influences the rainfall in China mainly through modulating the circulation in the subtropics and mid-high latitudes.For the subtropics,MJO influences the northward moisture transport coming from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea by modulating the southern trough of the Bay of Bengal and the western Pacific subtropical high.For the mid-high latitudes,the propagation of the low frequency perturbations associated with the eastward-propagating MJO convection modulate the circulation in the mid-high latitudes,e.g.the East Asian winter monsoon and the low trough over central Asia.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)“Innovation Program”(ZKCX2-SW-210)State Key Project(G2000078502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40231004,40221503,and 40023001).
文摘Coupled ocean-atmospheric general circulation models are the only tools to quantitatively simulate the climate system. Since the end of the 1980s, a group of scientists in the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), have been working to develop a global OGCM and a global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation modei (CGCM). Prom the original flux anomaly-coupling modei developed in the beginning of the 1990s to the latest directly-coupling modei, LASG scientists have developed four global coupled GCMs. This study summarizes the development history of these models and describes the third and fourth coupled GCMs and selected applications. Strengths and weaknesses of these models are highlighted.
基金supported by the National"863"Project(Grant No.2010AA012304)the"973"Project(Grant No.2010CB951904)+1 种基金the China Meteorological Administration R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare(meteorology)(Grant No.GYHY201006014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40923002 and 41005053)
文摘This study mainly introduces the development of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model： Grid-point Version 2 （FGOALS-g2） and the preliminary evaluations of its performances based on re- sults from the pre-industrial control run and four members of historical runs according to the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5） experiment design. The results suggest that many obvi- ous improvements have been achieved by the FGOALS-g2 compared with the previous version, FGOALS-gl, including its climatological mean states, climate variability, and 20th century surface temperature evolution. For example, FGOALS-g2 better simulates the frequency of tropical land precipitation, East Asian Monsoon precipitation and its seasonal cycle, MJO and ENSO, which are closely related to the updated cumulus parameterization scheme, as well as the alleviation of uncertainties in some key parameters in shallow and deep convection schemes, cloud fraction, cloud macro/microphysical processes and the boundary layer scheme in its atmospheric model. The annual cycle of sea surface temperature along the equator in the Pacific is significantly improved in the new version. The sea ice salinity simulation is one of the unique characteristics of FGOALS-g2, although it is somehow inconsistent with empirical observations in the Antarctic.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program(Grant No. 2007BAC29B03)China-UK-Swiss Adaptingto Climate Change in China Project (ACCC)-Climate Sciencethe National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40890054)
文摘Projections of future precipitation change over China are studied based on the output of a global AGCM, ECHAM5, with a high resolution of T319 （equivalent to 40 km）. Evaluation of the model’s performance in simulating present-day precipitation shows encouraging results. The spatial distributions of both mean and extreme precipitation, especially the locations of main precipitation centers, are reproduced reasonably. The simulated annual cycle of precipitation is close to the observed. The performance of the model over eastern China is generally better than that over western China. A weakness of the model is the overestimation of precipitation over northern and western China. Analyses on the potential change in precipitation projected under the A1B scenario show that both annual mean precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation would increase significantly over southeastern China. The percentage increase in extreme precipitation is larger than that of mean precipitation. Meanwhile, decreases in mean and extreme precipitation are evident over the southern Tibetan Plateau. For precipitation days, extreme precipitation days are projected to increase over all of China. Both consecutive dry days over northern China and consecutive wet days over southern China would decrease.
基金supportedby the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2009BAC51B02)the Special Funds for Meteorology Scientific Research on Public Cause (Grant No. GYHY201106015)
文摘Using the observed daily temperatures from 756 stations in China during the period from 1951 to 2009 extensive and persistent extreme cold events (EPECEs) were defined according to the following three steps:1) a station was defined as an extreme cold station (ECS) if the observed temperature was lower than its 10th percentile threshold;2) an extensive extreme cold event was determined to be present if the approximated area occupied by the ECSs was more than 10% of the total area of China (83rd percentile) on its starting day and the maximum area occupied by the ECSs was at least 20% of the total area of China (96th percentile);and 3) an EPECE was determined to be present if the extensive extreme cold event lasted for at least for eight days.52 EPECEs were identified in this manner,and these identification results were also verified using other reliable data.On the basis of cluster analysis,five types of EPECEs were classified according to the spatial distribution of ECSs at their most extensive time over the course of the EPECE.
基金Acknowledgements. This work was jointly supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences through the International Partnership Creative Group entitled ＂The Climate System Model Development and Application Studies＂, the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China （973 Program） under Grant No. 2005CB321703, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 40675050, 40221503, 40625014）. The long-term integration of the coupled model was finished on the Lenovo DeepComp 6800 supercomputer at the Supercomputing Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the IBM SP690 at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The authors appreciate the contribution of Drs. R. C. Yu, Y. Q. Yu, H. L. Liu, W. P. Zheng, J. Li, X. G Xin, and Mrs. H. Wan, H. M. Li in the model development and validations.
文摘A fast version of the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics （LASG）/Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP） climate system model is briefly documented. The fast coupled model employs a low resolution version of the atmospheric component Grid Atmospheric Model of IAP/LASG （GAMIL）, with the other parts of the model, namely an oceanic component LASG/IAP Climate Ocean Model （LICOM）, land component Common Land Model （CLM）, and sea ice component from National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model （NCAR CCSM2）, as the same as in the standard version of LASG/IAP Flexible Global Ocean Atmosphere Land System model （FGOALS_g）. The parameterizations of physical and dynamical processes of the atmospheric component in the fast version are identical to the standard version, although some parameter values are different. However, by virtue of reduced horizontal resolution and increased time-step of the most time-consuming atmospheric component, it runs faster by a factor of 3 and can serve as a useful tool for longterm and large-ensemble integrations. A 1000-year control simulation of the present-day climate has been completed without flux adjustments. The final 600 years of this simulation has virtually no trends in global mean sea surface temperatures and is recommended for internal variability studies. Several aspects of the control simulation＇s mean climate and variability are evaluated against the observational or reanalysis data. The strengths and weaknesses of the control simulation are evaluated. The mean atmospheric circulation is well simulated, except in high latitudes. The Asian-Australian monsoonal meridional cell shows realistic features, however, an artificial rainfall center is located to the eastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau persists throughout the year. The mean bias of SST resembles that of the standard version, appearing as a ＂double ITCZ＂ （Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone） associated
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB808904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.41274070,41474068)
文摘The Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP) in SW China is interpreted to be associated with an ancient mantle plume. Most of the constraints on the role of mantle plume in the generation of the Emeishan flood basalts were provided by geological and geochemical methods, but the geophysical investigation is very limited. In order to better understand the deep structure and features of ELIP, we have studied the crustal velocity structure using the data acquired from the Lijiang-Panzhihua-Qingzhen wide-angle seismic profile. This profile crosses the three sub-zones of the ELIP(the inner, intermediate, and outer zones), divided based on the differential erosion and uplift of the Maokou limestone. The results provided by the active source seismic experiment demonstrate:(1) The average depth of the crystalline basement along the profile is about 2 km.(2) The middle crust in the Inner Zone is characterized by high-velocity anomalies, with the average velocity of 6.2-6.6 km/s, which is about 0.1– 0.2 km/s higher than the normal one. The velocity of the lower crust in the inner zone is 6.9-7.2 km/s, higher than those observed in the intermediate and outer zones(6.7-7.0 km/s). Relatively low velocity anomalies appear in the upper, middle and lower crusts near the junction of the inner zone and intermediate zone, probably due to the effect of the Xiaojiang fault(XJF).(3) The average velocity of the crust is comparatively low on both sides of XJF, especially on the east side, and the average velocity of the consolidated continental crust is also low there. This may suggest that the XJF extends at least down to 40 km deep, even beyond through the crust.(4) The depth to the Moho discontinuity decrease gradually from 47-53 km in the inner zone, via 42-50 km in the intermediate zone to 38-42 km in the outer zone. In the inner zone, the Moho uplifts locally and the(consolidated) crust is characterized by high-velocity anomalies, which are likely related to intensive magma intrusion and underplating associated with melting of plum
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 40576012 and 90111011, the State Key Development Program for Basics Research of China under Grant No. 2004CB418304, the Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. KZCX3-SW-221 and in part by E- Institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission under Grant No. E03004.
文摘A box model of the interhemispheric thermohaline circulation （THC） in atmosphere-ocean for global climate is considered. By using the generalized variational iteration method, the approximate solution of a simplified nonlinear model is studied. The generalized variational iteration method is an analytic method, and the obtained analytic solution can be operated sequentially. The authors also diversify qualitative and quantitative behaviors for corresponding physical quantities.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (Grant No.2009BAC51B02)
文摘A pair of northeast-southwest-tilted mid-tropospheric ridges and troughs on the continental scale was observed to be the key circulation feature common among wintertime extensive and persistent low tempera-ture events (EPLTE) in China.During the persistence of such anomalous circulations,the split flow over the inner Asian continent and the influent flow over the southeast-ern coast of China correspond well to the expanded and amplified Siberian high with tightened sea level pressure gradients and hence,a strong,cold advection over south-eastern China.The western Pacific subtropical high tends to expand northward during the early stages of most EPLTEs.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40876010)Key Direction in Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-Q03-08)+2 种基金Research and Development Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (No. GYHY200806010)LASG State Key Laboratory Special Fund, Foundation of E-Institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No.E03004)Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Fujian Province (No.JA10288)
文摘A coupled system of the interdecadal sea-air oscillator model is studied. The E1 Nifio-southem oscillation （ENSO） atmospheric physics oscillation is an abnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions. The oscillator model is involved with the variations of both the eastern and western Pacific anomaly pat- terns. This paper proposes an ENSO atmospheric physics model using a method of the perturbation theory. The aim is to create an asymptotic solving method for the ENSO model. Employing the perturbed method, the asymptotic solution of corresponding problem is obtained, and the asymptotic behaviour of the solution is studied. Thus we can obtain the prognoses of the sea surface temperature anomaly and related physical quantities.
