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评估大气细颗粒物暴露引起的全球疾病负担的一个综合风险函数 被引量:84
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作者 Richard T.Burnett C.Arden Pope III +21 位作者 Majid Ezzati Casey Olives Stephen S.Lim Sumi Mehta Hwashin H.Shin Gitanjali Singh Bryan Hubbell Michael Brauer H.Ross Anderson Kirk R.Smith John R.Balmes Nigel G.Bruce Haidong Kan Francine Laden Annette Prüss-Ustün Michelle C.Turner Susan M.Gapstur W.Ryan Diver Aaron Cohen 何蓉 张伊人 金泰廙 《环境与职业医学》 CAS 北大核心 2014年第11期898-903,共6页
[背景]评估由于环境空气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)长期暴露引起的疾病负担,需要了解相对风险度(RR)函数的图形和幅度。然而,在世界上很多观察到高PM2.5环境浓度的地方,都缺乏足够的直接证据确定死亡RR函数的图形。[目的]建立可用于全球PM2.... [背景]评估由于环境空气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)长期暴露引起的疾病负担,需要了解相对风险度(RR)函数的图形和幅度。然而,在世界上很多观察到高PM2.5环境浓度的地方,都缺乏足够的直接证据确定死亡RR函数的图形。[目的]建立可用于全球PM2.5暴露范围内成人死因的RR函数:缺血性心脏病(IHD)、脑血管疾病(脑卒中)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和肺癌(LC)。建立急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)发病的RR函数,用于估算〈5岁的儿童中死亡率和健康生活损失年数。[方法]通过整合现有的来自于环境空气污染(AAP)、二手烟草烟雾、家用固体烹饪用燃料和主动吸烟(AS)等研究的RR信息,拟合综合暴露-反应(IER)模型。采用颗粒物质的吸入剂量,通过转化AS暴露来估计全年PM2.5的暴露当量。在估算全球环境PM2.5浓度的基础上,得出各国的人群归因分数(PAFs)。[结果]与以往负担评估中使用的其他7种模型相比,IER模型是一种优越的RR预测方法。在不同国家中,归因于AAP暴露的PAF百分数各不相同,分别为:IHD,2~41;脑卒中,1~43;COPD,〈1~21;LC,〈1~25;ALRI,〈1~38。[结论]我们建立了一种以细颗粒物为基础的RR模型,它通过整合来自不同类型的燃烧所产生颗粒物排放的RR信息,涵盖全球范围的暴露。当获得新的RR信息时,可以对这个模型进行更新。 展开更多
关键词 细颗粒物 环境空气污染 风险函数 全球疾病负担 相对风险 慢性阻塞性肺病 全球环境 缺血性心脏病 颗粒物质 烟草烟雾
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FAIR Principles:Interpretations and Implementation Considerations 被引量:30
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作者 Annika Jacobsen Ricardo de Miranda Azevedo +41 位作者 Nick Juty Dominique Batista Simon Coles Ronald Cornet Melanie Courtot Merce Crosas Michel Dumontier Chris T.Evelo Carole Goble Giancarlo Guizzardi Karsten Kryger Hansen Ali Hasnain Kristina Hettne Jaap Heringa Rob W.W.Hooft Melanie Imming Keith G.Jeffery Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Martijn GKersloot Christine R.Kirkpatrick Tobias Kuhn Ignasi Labastida Barbara Magagna PeterMcQuilton Natalie Meyers Annalisa Montesanti Mirjam van Reisen Philippe Rocca-Serra Robert Pergl Susanna-Assunta Sansone Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Juliane Schneider George Strawn Mark Thompson Andra Waagmeester Tobias Weigel Mark D.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Peter Wittenburg Marco Roos Barend Mons Erik Schultes 《Data Intelligence》 2020年第1期10-29,293-302,322,共31页
The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implem... The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle. 展开更多
关键词 FAIR guiding principles FAIR implementation FAIR convergence FAIR communities choices and challenges
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Preliminary Analysis of Climatic Variation during the Last 39 Years in China 被引量:22
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作者 陈隆勋 邵永宁 +2 位作者 董敏 任阵海 田广生 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1991年第3期279-288,共10页
The preliminary analysis of climatic variation in China during the last 39 years has been made in this paper. The results show that although the global climate is getting warmer, some parts of China are cooling. The ... The preliminary analysis of climatic variation in China during the last 39 years has been made in this paper. The results show that although the global climate is getting warmer, some parts of China are cooling. The warming only occurs in Northeast, North and the west part of Northwest China while the areas between about 35°N and Nanling Mountain, east of the Tibetan Plateau in China are getting cooler. The cooling centers are located in Sichuan, the south part of Shaanxi and the north part of Yunnan respectively. According to the theory of greenhouse effect, there are much precipitation at low and high latitudes and less precipitation in middle latitude. However, the precipitation in the most parts of China has been decreased, especially in North and Northwest China. 展开更多
关键词 Preliminary Analysis of Climatic Variation during the Last 39 Years in China
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Efectiveness of national air pollution control policies on the air quality in metropolitan areas of China 被引量:23
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作者 Shuxiao Wang Jia Xing +2 位作者 Bin Zhao Carey Jang Jiming Hao 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第1期13-22,共10页
Understanding the effectiveness of national air pollution controls is important for control policy design to improve the future air quality in China. This study evaluated the effectiveness of major national control po... Understanding the effectiveness of national air pollution controls is important for control policy design to improve the future air quality in China. This study evaluated the effectiveness of major national control policies implemented recently in China through a modeling analysis. The sulfur dioxide (SO2) control policy during the llth Five Year Plan period (2006-2010) had succeeded in reducing the national SO2 emission in 2010 by 14% from its 2005 level, which correspondingly reduced ambient SO2 and sulfate (SO42-) concentrations by 13%-15% and 8%-10% respectively over east China. The nitrogen oxides (NOx) control policy during the 12th Five Year Plan period (2011-2015) targets the reduction of the national NOx emission in 2015 by 10% on the basis of 2010. The simulation results suggest that such a reduction in NOx emission will reduce the ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrate (NO3-), 1-hr maxima ozone (03) concentrations and total nitrogen deposition by 8%, 3%-14%, 2% and 2%--4%, respectively over east China. The application of new emission standards for power plants will further reduce the NO2, NO3-, 1-hr maxima 03 concentrations and total nitrogen deposition by 2%-4%, 1%-%, 0-2% and 1%-2%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the inter-provincial impacts of emission reduction in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta, which indicated the need to implement joint regional air pollution control. 展开更多
关键词 air pollution control sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides power plant
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Host plants and natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)in China 被引量:22
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作者 Shao-Jian Li Xia Xue +5 位作者 Muhammad Z. Ahmed Shun-Xiang Ren Yu-Zhou Du Jian-Hui Wu Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Bao-Li Qiu 《Insect Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第1期101-120,共20页
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, has been a destructive pest in China for over the past two decades. It is an extremely polyphagous insect, being recorded feeding on hundreds of host plants around the world. ... The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, has been a destructive pest in China for over the past two decades. It is an extremely polyphagous insect, being recorded feeding on hundreds of host plants around the world. Potential host plants and natural enemies of B. tabaci in the south, southeast, middle, north and northwest of China were investigated during the last decade. In total 361 plant species from 89 families were recorded in our surveys. Plants in the families Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and Leguminosae were the preferred host species for B. tabaci, which therefore suffered much damage from this devastating pest due to their high populations. In total, 56 species of parasitoids, 54 species of arthropod predators and seven species of entomopathogenic fungi were recorded in our surveys. Aphelinid parasitoids from Encarsia and Eretrnocerus genera, lady beetles and lacewings in Coleoptera and Neuroptera were found to be the dominant arthropod predators of B. tabaci in China. The varieties of host plant, their distribution and the dominant species of natural enemies of B. tabaci in different regions of China are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Bemisia tabaci China host plant natural enemy SURVEY
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Establishing an Agro-ecological Compensation Mechanism to Promote Agricultural Green Development in China 被引量:11
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作者 JU Xuehai XUE Yinghao +3 位作者 Xl Bin JIN Tuo XU Zhiyu GAO Shangbin 《Journal of Resources and Ecology》 CSCD 2018年第4期426-433,共8页
In recent years, grain production has been rising steadily, and the income of farmers has been in- creasing dramatically, thanks in part to the central government's policy support for agriculture, rural areas and far... In recent years, grain production has been rising steadily, and the income of farmers has been in- creasing dramatically, thanks in part to the central government's policy support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. However, the conventional production mode leads to overconsumption of agricultural resources, increas- ingly challenging ecological environment impacts, and higher costs of agricultural products whose quality falls short of public expectations. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council both put ex- tra emphasis on agricultural supply-side reform, restructuring of the sector, and a shift in the production mode. This paper explains the significance of the agro-ecological compensation mechanism, analyzes the efficacy of China's current agricultural subsidy policies, introduces related experience from developed countries, elaborates options to establish the mechanism, and proposes policy recommendations to accelerate its development. This analysis con- cludes that one of the most important approaches to agricultural green development is to shift the existing subsidy policy from one which aims to ensure the yield by purchasing at a protective price, to a green subsidy which focuses on agro-ecological compensation. 展开更多
关键词 agriculture green development agricultural non-point pollution agro-ecological compensationmechanism: China
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A highly reversible dendrite-free Zn anode via spontaneous galvanic replacement reaction for advanced zinc-iodine batteries 被引量:10
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作者 Yadong Tian Song Chen +3 位作者 Yulong He Qianwu Chen Lili Zhang Jintao Zhang 《Nano Research Energy》 2022年第3期11-17,共7页
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-iodine batteries have received extensive attention due to their inherent advantages such as low cost,flame retardancy and safety.To address the safety concern associated with Zn dendrites,tin... Rechargeable aqueous zinc-iodine batteries have received extensive attention due to their inherent advantages such as low cost,flame retardancy and safety.To address the safety concern associated with Zn dendrites,tin functional layer is introduced to the Zn surface via a spontaneous galvanic replacement reaction.This provides rapid deposition kinetics,thereby achieving the uniform Zn plating/stripping with a low overpotential(13.9 mV)and good stability for over 900 h.Importantly,the coupling of the advanced Zn anode with iodine in Zn-I_(2)battery exhibits a high specific capacity of 196.4 mAh·g^(−1)with high capacity retention(90.7%).This work provides a reliable strategy to regulate the reversible redox of zinc for advanced rechargeable batteries. 展开更多
关键词 tin OVERPOTENTIAL induced deposition effect Zn-I_(2)batteries
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Families of Sordariomycetes 被引量:10
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作者 Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Kevin D.Hyde +38 位作者 E.B.Gareth Jones E.H.C.McKenzie Jayarama D.Bhat Monika C.Dayarathne Shi-Ke Huang Chada Norphanphoun Indunil C.Senanayake Rekhani H.Perera Qiu-Ju Shang Yuanpin Xiao Melvina J.D’souza Sinang Hongsanan Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Dinushani A.Daranagama Sirinapa Konta Ishani D.Goonasekara Wen-Ying Zhuang Rajesh Jeewon Alan J.L.Phillips Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Abdullah M.Al-Sadi Ali H.Bahkali Saranyaphat Boonmee Nattawut Boonyuen Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon Asha J.Dissanayake Jichuan Kang Qi-Rui Li Jian Kui Liu Xing Zhong Liu Zuo-Yi Liu JJennifer Luangsa-ard Ka-Lai Pang Rungtiwa Phookamsak Itthayakorn Promputtha Satinee Suetrong Marc Stadler Tingchi Wen Nalin N.Wijayawardene 《Fungal Diversity》 SCIE 2016年第4期1-317,共317页
Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota that comprises a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci.The class includes many importa... Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota that comprises a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci.The class includes many important plant pathogens,as well as endophytes,saprobes,epiphytes,coprophilous and fungicolous,lichenized or lichenicolous taxa.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats worldwide.This paper reviews the 107 families of the class Sordariomycetes and provides a modified backbone tree based on phylogenetic analysis of four combined loci,with a maximum five representative taxa from each family,where available.This paper brings together for the first time,since Barrs’1990 Prodromus,descriptions,notes on the history,and plates or illustrations of type or representative taxa of each family,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera and a key to these taxa of Sordariomycetes.Delineation of taxa is supported where possible by molecular data.The outline is based on literature to the end of 2015 and the Sordariomycetes now comprises six subclasses,32 orders,105 families and 1331 genera.The family Obryzaceae and Pleurotremataceae are excluded from the class. 展开更多
关键词 Amplistromatales Annulatascales Boliniales Calosphaeriales Chaetosphaeriales Coniochaetales Conioscyphales Cordanales Coronophorales DIAPORTHALES Falcocladiales Glomerellales HYPOCREALES Jobellisiales Koralionastetales Lulworthiales Magnaporthales Melanosporales Meliolales Microascales Ophiostomatales PHYLOGENY Phyllachorales Pisorisporiales Pleurotheciales SORDARIALES Savoryellales Tirisporellales Togniniales Torpedosporales Trichosphaeriales Taxonomy Trichosphaeriales Type species XYLARIALES
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Fungal diversity notes 111-252-taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa 被引量:10
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作者 Hiran A.Ariyawansa Kevin D.Hyde +98 位作者 Subashini C.Jayasiri Bart Buyck K.W.Thilini Chethana Dong Qin Dai Yu Cheng Dai Dinushani A.Daranagama Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Robert Lücking Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad Tuula Niskanen Kasun M.Thambugala Kerstin Voigt Rui Lin Zhao Guo-Jie Li Mingkwan Doilom Saranyaphat Boonmee Zhu L.Yang Qing Cai Yang-Yang Cui Ali H.Bahkali Jie Chen Bao Kai Cui Jia Jia Chen Monika C.Dayarathne Asha J.Dissanayake Anusha H.Ekanayaka Akira Hashimoto Sinang Hongsanan E.B.Gareth Jones Ellen Larsson Wen Jing Li Qi-Rui Li Jian Kui Liu Zong Long Luo Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Ausana Mapook Eric H.C.McKenzie Chada Norphanphoun Sirinapa Konta Ka Lai Pang Rekhani H.Perera Rungtiwa Phookamsak Chayanard Phukhamsakda Umpava Pinruan Emile Randrianjohany Chonticha Singtripop Kazuaki Tanaka Cheng Ming Tian Saowaluck Tibpromma Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Nalin N.Wijayawardene Jin-Feng Zhang Huang Zhang Faten A.Abdel-Aziz Mats Wedin Martin Westberg Joseph F.Ammirati Timur S.Bulgakov Diogo X.Lima Tony M.Callaghan Philipp Callac Cheng-Hao Chang Luis F.Coca Manuela Dal-Forno Veronika Dollhofer Kateřina Fliegerová Katrin Greiner Gareth W.Griffith Hsiao-Man Ho Valerie Hofstetter Rajesh Jeewon Ji Chuan Kang Ting-Chi Wen Paul M.Kirk Ilkka Kytövuori James D.Lawrey Jia Xing Hong Li Zou Yi Liu Xing Zhong Liu Kare Liimatainen H.Thorsten Lumbsch Misato Matsumura Bibiana Moncada Salilaporn Nuankaew Sittiporn Parnmen AndréL.C.M.de Azevedo Santiago Sujinda Sommai Yu Song Carlos A.F.de Souza Cristina M.de Souza-Motta Hong Yan Su Satinee Suetrong Yong Wang Syuan-Fong Wei Ting Chi Wen Hai Sheng Yuan Li Wei Z 《Fungal Diversity》 SCIE 2015年第6期27-274,共248页
This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa,including five new families,20 new genera,and 100 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new families,Ascocylindricaceae,Caryosporace... This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa,including five new families,20 new genera,and 100 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new families,Ascocylindricaceae,Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae(Ascomycota)are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique morphology.The new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria(Amniculicolaceae),Heracleicola,Neodidymella and Pseudomicrosphaeriopsis(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces(Didymosphaeriaceae),Brunneoclavispora,Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium(Halotthiaceae),Lophiohelichrysum(Lophiostomataceae),Galliicola,Populocrescentia and Vagicola(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Ascocylindrica(Ascocylindricaceae),Elongatopedicellata(Roussoellaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria(Latoruaceae)and Pseudomonodictys(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae)are introduced.The newly described species of Dothideomycetes(Ascomycota)are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola(Amniculicolaceae),Flammeascoma lignicola(Anteagloniaceae),Ascocylindrica marina(Ascocylindricaceae),Lembosia xyliae(Asterinaceae),Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola(Botryosphaeriaceae),Caryospora aquatica(Caryosporaceae),Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodidymella thailandicum(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces palmicola(Didymosphaeriaceae),Floricola viticola(Floricolaceae),Brunneoclavispora bambusae,Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica(Halotthiaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria fagi(Latoruaceae),Keissleriella dactylidicola(Lentitheciaceae),Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi(Lophiostomataceae),Aquasubmersa japonica(Lophiotremataceae),Pseudomonodictys tectonae(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae),Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae(Microthyriaceae),Alloleptosphaeria clematidis,Allophaeosphaeria cytisi,Allophaeosphaeria subcylindrospora,Dematiopleospora luzulae,Entodesmium artemisiae,Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria,Loratospora luzulae,Nodulosphaeria senecionis,Ophiosphaerella aquaticus,Populocrescentia forlicesenensis and Vagicola vagans(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Elongatopedicellata lignicola,Roussoella magnatum an 展开更多
关键词 Fungi Taxonomy New genus New species PHYLOGENY
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Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE 被引量:2
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作者 J.A.Carter M.Dunlop +46 位作者 C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期275-298,共24页
The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplane... The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere.Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE mission.Here,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these efforts.Preparations include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community. 展开更多
关键词 MAGNETOSPHERE IONOSPHERE magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE CONJUNCTIONS MISSIONS
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Spectral vegetation indices as the indicator of canopy photosynthetic productivity in a deciduous broadleaf forest 被引量:9
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作者 Hiroyuki Muraoka Hibiki M.Noda +4 位作者 Shin Nagai Takeshi Motohka Taku M.Saitoh Kenlo N.Nasahara Nobuko Saigusa 《Journal of Plant Ecology》 SCIE 2013年第5期393-407,共15页
Aims Understanding of the ecophysiological dynamics of forest canopy photosynthesis and its spatial and temporal scaling is crucial for revealing ecological response to climate change.Combined observations and analyse... Aims Understanding of the ecophysiological dynamics of forest canopy photosynthesis and its spatial and temporal scaling is crucial for revealing ecological response to climate change.Combined observations and analyses of plant ecophysiology and optical remote sensing would enable us to achieve these studies.In order to examine the utility of spectral vegetation indices(VIs)for assessing ecosystem-level photosynthesis,we investigated the relationships between canopy-scale photosynthetic productivity and canopy spectral reflectance over seasons for 5 years in a cool,temperate deciduous broadleaf forest at‘Takayama’super site in central Japan.Methods Daily photosynthetic capacity was assessed by in situ canopy leaf area index(LAI),(LAI×Vcmax[single-leaf photosynthetic capacity]),and the daily maximum rate of gross primary production(GPPmax)was estimated by an ecosystem carbon cycle model.We examined five VIs:normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),enhanced vegetation index(EVI),green–red vegetation index(GRVI),chlorophyll index(CI)and canopy chlorophyll index(CCI),which were obtained by the in situ measurements of canopy spectral reflectance.Important Findings Our in situ observation of leaf and canopy characteristics,which were analyzed by an ecosystem carbon cycling model,revealed that their phenological changes are responsible for seasonal and interannual variations in canopy photosynthesis.Significant correlations were found between the five VIs and canopy photosynthetic capacity over the seasons and years;four of the VIs showed hysteresis-type relationships and only CCI showed rather linear relationship.Among the VIs examined,we applied EVI–GPPmax relationship to EVI data obtained by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to estimate the temporal and spatial variation in GPPmax over central Japan.Our findings would improve the accuracy of satellite-based estimate of forest photosynthetic productivity in fine spatial and temporal resolutions,which are necessary for detecting any response of 展开更多
关键词 canopy photosynthesis deciduous broadleaf forest PHENOLOGY remote sensing vegetation index
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可持续发展情景下丝绸之路沿线国家土地利用及其对陆地碳库影响 被引量:4
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作者 曹敏 田雅 +15 位作者 吴凯 陈旻 陈玉 胡雪 孙中昶 左丽君 林键 骆磊 朱瑞 许振赐 Temenoujka Bandrova Milan Konecny 袁文平 郭华东 林珲 闾国年 《Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第7期740-749,共10页
可持续发展目标(SDGs)呼吁全世界共同采取行动,促进繁荣并保护地球.本研究面向SDGs构建了环境、粮食和经济等可持续发展情景,预测2020~2030年丝绸之路沿线国家的土地利用变化,并分析其对陆地碳库的影响。研究表明:未来土地利用变化及其... 可持续发展目标(SDGs)呼吁全世界共同采取行动,促进繁荣并保护地球.本研究面向SDGs构建了环境、粮食和经济等可持续发展情景,预测2020~2030年丝绸之路沿线国家的土地利用变化,并分析其对陆地碳库的影响。研究表明:未来土地利用变化及其对陆地碳库的影响在不同情景下存在显著差异。在可持续环境情景下,林地得到了有效保护,相较于2020年中国林地碳储量增加了约0.60%;在可持续粮食情景下,耕地流失得到了缓解,尤其在南亚及东南亚地区的耕地面积呈现上升趋势:在可持续经济情景下,城市扩张速度加快,引起的碳损失量最多这项研究有助于推进丝绸之路沿线甚至全球可持续发展进程,为探寻可持续发展路径提供了科学依据。 展开更多
关键词 Sustainable development goals(SDGs) Land-use projection Carbon pool Scenarios System dynamics model Cellular automata
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Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans 被引量:3
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作者 Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM +21 位作者 Kevin ETRENBERTH John FASULLO Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Ricardo LOCARNINI Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Fujiang YU Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Licheng Feng Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey MISHONOV Jim REAGAN Guancheng LI 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第6期963-974,共12页
Changes in ocean heat content(OHC), salinity, and stratification provide critical indicators for changes in Earth’s energy and water cycles. These cycles have been profoundly altered due to the emission of greenhouse... Changes in ocean heat content(OHC), salinity, and stratification provide critical indicators for changes in Earth’s energy and water cycles. These cycles have been profoundly altered due to the emission of greenhouse gasses and other anthropogenic substances by human activities, driving pervasive changes in Earth’s climate system. In 2022, the world’s oceans, as given by OHC, were again the hottest in the historical record and exceeded the previous 2021 record maximum.According to IAP/CAS data, the 0–2000 m OHC in 2022 exceeded that of 2021 by 10.9 ± 8.3 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules = 1021Joules);and according to NCEI/NOAA data, by 9.1 ± 8.7 ZJ. Among seven regions, four basins(the North Pacific, North Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans) recorded their highest OHC since the 1950s. The salinity-contrast index, a quantification of the “salty gets saltier–fresh gets fresher” pattern, also reached its highest level on record in 2022,implying continued amplification of the global hydrological cycle. Regional OHC and salinity changes in 2022 were dominated by a strong La Ni?a event. Global upper-ocean stratification continued its increasing trend and was among the top seven in 2022. 展开更多
关键词 ocean heat content SALINITY STRATIFICATION global warming climate
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New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023 被引量:1
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作者 Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM +31 位作者 Kevin E.TRENBERTH Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Fei ZHENG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG Licheng FENG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey MISHONOV Jim REAGAN Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN Yujing ZHU Wangxu WEI Guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1068-1082,共15页
The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities.In 2023,the sea surface temperature(SST)and upper 2000 m oc... The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities.In 2023,the sea surface temperature(SST)and upper 2000 m ocean heat content(OHC)reached record highs.The 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules=1021 Joules)(updated IAP/CAS data);9±5 ZJ(NCEI/NOAA data).The Tropical Atlantic Ocean,the Mediterranean Sea,and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the 1950s.Associated with the onset of a strong El Niño,the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of~0.23℃ higher than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above 2022 values for the second half of 2023.The density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023. 展开更多
关键词 ocean heat content SALINITY STRATIFICATION global warming CLIMATE
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Variations of δ^(18)O in Precipitation along Vapor Transport Paths 被引量:8
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作者 章新平 刘晶淼 +2 位作者 田立德 何元庆 姚檀栋 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第4期562-572,共11页
Three sampling cross sections along the south path starting from the Tropics through the vapor passage in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the middle-low reaches of the Yangtze River, the north path from West China, via ... Three sampling cross sections along the south path starting from the Tropics through the vapor passage in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the middle-low reaches of the Yangtze River, the north path from West China, via North China, to Japan under the westerlies, and the plateau path from South Asia over the Himalayas to the northern Tibetan Plateau, are set up, based on the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)/WMO global survey network and sampling sites on the Tibetan Plateau. The variations, and the relationship with precipitation and temperature, of the δ18 O in precipitation along the three cross sections are analyzed and compared. Along the south path, the seasonal differences of mean δ18O in precipitation are small at the stations located in the Tropics, but increase markedly from Bangkok towards the north, with the δ18O in the rainy season smaller than in,the dry season. The δ18O values in precipitation fluctuate on the whole, which shows that there are different vapor sources. Along the north path, the seasonal differences of the mean δ18O in precipitation for the stations in the west of Zhengzhou are all greater than in the east of Zhengzhou. During the cold half of the year, the mean δ18O in precipitation reaches its minimum at Urumqi with the lowest temperature due to the wide, cold high pressure over Mongolia, then increases gradually with longitude, and remains at roughly the same level at the stations eastward from Zhengzhou. During the warm half of the year, the δ18O values in precipitation are lower in the east than in the west, markedly influenced by the summer monsoon over East Asia. Along the plateau path, the mean δ18O values in precipitation in the rainy season are correspondingly high in the southern parts of the Indian subcontinent, and then decrease gradually with latitude. A sharp depletion of the stable isotopic compositions in precipitation takes place due to the very strong rainout of the stable isotopic compositions in vapor in the process of lifting over the southern slope 展开更多
关键词 stable isotope vapor transport path TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATION
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Bemisia tabaci: The current situation in the UK and the prospect of developing strategies for eradication using entomopathogens 被引量:8
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作者 Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Lisa F. Blackburn Dominic P. Eyre Raymond J.C. Cannon Judith Miller Phil Northing 《Insect Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第1期1-10,共10页
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) remains a serious threat to crops worldwide. The damaging B-biotype is of specific economic concern because it is an effective vector ... The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) remains a serious threat to crops worldwide. The damaging B-biotype is of specific economic concern because it is an effective vector of over 111 viruses from several fam- ilies, particularly geminiviruses. Bemisia tabaci is regularly intercepted on plants coming into the UK where it is subjected to a policy of eradication. The UK maintains Protective Zone status against this pest. A main pathway of entry of B. tabaci into the Protected Zone involves propagating material, especially Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima). With increased insecticide resistance continuously being recorded, B. tabaci is becoming more difficult to control/eradicate. Recent research involving both entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi is showing much potential for the development of control programs for this pest. Both the nematode Steinernemafeltiae and the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium have been shown to be most effective against second instar B. tabaci. Fine-tuning of the environmental conditions required has also increased their efficacy. The entomopathogens have also shown a high level of compatibility with chemical insecticides, all increasing their potential to be incorporated into control strategies against B. tabaci. 展开更多
关键词 BIOCONTROL entomopathogenic nematodes entomopathogenic fungi insecticide resistance WHITEFLY
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Recent antibacterial agents from biomass derivatives:Characteristics and applications
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作者 Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat Alif Faturahman Hidayat +11 位作者 R.A.Ilyas Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani Nur Izyan Wan Azeele Fahriya Puspita Sari Maya Ismayati Mohammad Irfan Bakshi Zaharaddeen N.Garba M.Hazwan Hussin Witta Kartika Restu Wasrin Syafii Harits Atika Ariyanta Widya Fatriasari 《Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts》 EI CSCD 2024年第3期283-309,共27页
Enhancing awareness of personal cleanliness and antibacterial resistance has intensified the antibacterial substance request on consumable products. Antibacterial agents that have been commercialized nowadays are prod... Enhancing awareness of personal cleanliness and antibacterial resistance has intensified the antibacterial substance request on consumable products. Antibacterial agents that have been commercialized nowadays are produced from inorganic and non-renewable substances. This provides several drawbacks, particularly against health and environmental issues. Therefore, many scientists work on substituting fossil-fuel-based antibacterial agents with natural ones such as from biomass. Biomass derivatives, natural abundances of biopolymers in the world, amount to major compounds including polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitosan) and polyphenol (tannin and lignin) substances which are capable to combat the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. To date, no report focuses on a deep understanding of antibacterial properties derived from biomass and the internal and external factors effects. This work provides that gap because comprehensive knowledge is necessary before applying biomass to the products. The potency of biomass derivatives as antibacterial additives is also summarized. Basic knowledge of antibacterial characteristics to the application in products is highlighted in this review. Besides, the discussion about challenges and future perspectives is also delivered. 展开更多
关键词 ANTIBACTERIAL APPLICATION Biomass derivatives CHALLENGE Future perspectives
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Effects of artificially cultivated biological soil crusts on soil nutrients and biological activities in the Loess Plateau 被引量:7
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作者 YanMin ZHAO QingKe ZHU +4 位作者 Ping LI LeiLei ZHAO LuLu WANG XueLiang ZHENG Huan MA 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2014年第6期742-752,共11页
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) play an important role in the early succession of vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau, China. To evaluate the effects of artificially cultivated BSCs on the soil surface micro-e... Biological soil crusts (BSCs) play an important role in the early succession of vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau, China. To evaluate the effects of artificially cultivated BSCs on the soil surface micro-envir- onment, we obtained natural moss crusts and moss-lichen crusts from the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi province, and subsequently inoculated and cultivated on horizontal and sloping surfaces of loess soil in a greenhouse. The chemical and biological properties of the subsoil under cultivated BSCs were determined after 10 weeks of cul- tivation. The results indicated that BSCs coverage was more than 65% after 10 weeks of cultivation. Moss crust coverage reached 40% after 5 weeks of cultivation. Compared with the control, soil organic matter and available nitrogen contents in moss crust with the horizontal treatments increased by 100.87% and 48.23%, respectively; increased by 67.56% and 52.17% with the sloping treatments, respectively; they also increased in moss-lichen crust with horizontal and sloping treatments, but there was no significant difference. Available phosphorus in cultivated BSCs was reduced, soil pH was lower and cationic exchange capacity was higher in cultivated BSCs than in the control. Alkaline phosphatase, urease and invertase activities were increased in artificially cultivated BSCs, and alkaline phosphatase activity in all cultivated BSCs was obviously higher than that in the control. Numbers of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were increased in the formation process of cultivated BSCs. These results indicate that BSCs could be formed rapidly in short-term cultivation and improve the mi- cro-environment of soil surface, which provides a scientific reference for vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction in the Loess Plateau. China. 展开更多
关键词 biological soil crusts soil nutrient enzyme activity soil microorganism Loess Plateau
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Differential colour-ring loss among Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus) colonies and its consequence on survival estimates
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作者 Anastasios Bounas Giorgos Catsadorakis +3 位作者 Dionyssia Hatzilacou Theodoros Naziridis Jocelyn Champagnon Alain J.Crivelli 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期66-71,共6页
The analysis of bird ringing data often comes with some potential sources of error and bias,as ring wear and/or loss could affect mark-recapture analyses and produce erroneous estimates of survival.Furthermore,ring we... The analysis of bird ringing data often comes with some potential sources of error and bias,as ring wear and/or loss could affect mark-recapture analyses and produce erroneous estimates of survival.Furthermore,ring wear and loss rates may differ between and within species based on the habitat they use or the species’ life-history traits and behaviour as well as the type of the ring.In this study we use resighting data from a long-term double marking experiment to directly estimate the rate of colour-ring loss among different Dalmatian Pelican colonies over time,evaluate any possible factors that could contribute to differential ring loss and assess how it may bias the results of mark-resighting analyses.Based on 14,849 resightings from 1275 individuals and using multi-state continuous-time hidden Markov models(HMMs) we showed that probability of ring loss was markedly different among colonies,ranging from 0.10 to 0.42 within the first year of marking,whereas the cumulative probability of losing a ring after ten years ranged 0.64 to 0.99.These rates are among the highest estimated when compared to previous studies in waterbirds.Our approach assessing the intra-specific variance in ring loss provided several factors potentially involved,such as the use of glue and the fledgling age accuracy and we could further hypothesise the effect of environmental factors.Finally,our results showed that ring loss can be a significant challenge for the assessment of the species’ population dynamics using mark-recapture methods as survival was consistently underestimated when not accounting for ring loss and varied significantly among different colonies. 展开更多
关键词 Bias Capture-mark-recapture Colour-ring Double-marking Hidden Markov models
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Application of nanoparticle tracking analysis for characterising the fate of engineered nanoparticles in sediment-water systems 被引量:6
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作者 Ping Luo Alejandro Roca +6 位作者 Karen Tiede Katie Privett Jiachao Jiang John Pinkstone Guibin Ma Jonathan Veinot Alisatair Boxall 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第2期62-71,共10页
Novel applications of nanotechnology may lead to the release of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs), which result in concerns over their potential environmental hazardous impact. It is essential for the research workers ... Novel applications of nanotechnology may lead to the release of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs), which result in concerns over their potential environmental hazardous impact. It is essential for the research workers to be able to quantitatively characterise ENPs in the environment and subsequently to assist the risk assessment of the ENPs. This study hence explored the application of nanoparticle tracking system(NTA) to quantitatively describe the behaviour of the ENPs in natural sediment-water systems. The NTA allows the measurement of both particle number concentration(PNC) and particle size distribution(PSD) of the ENPs. The developed NTA method was applied to a range of gold and magnetite ENPs with a selection of surface properties. The results showed that the positively-charged ENPs interacted more strongly with the sediment than neutral and negatively-charged ENPs. It was also found that the citrate coated Au ENPs had a higher distribution percentage(53%) than 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid coated Au ENPs(20%) and citrate coated magnetite ENPs(21%). The principles of the electrostatic interactions between hard(and soft) acids and bases(HSAB) are used to explain such behaviours; the hard base coating(i.e. citrate ions) will interact more strongly with hard acid(i.e. magnetite) than soft acid(i.e. gold).The results indicate that NTA is a complementary method to existing approaches to characterise the fate and behaviour of ENPs in natural sediment. 展开更多
关键词 Quantitative characterisation Hard and soft acids and bases Fate of engineered nanoparticles Nanoparticle tracking system Particle number concentration Particle size distribution
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