The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors （ICMJE） believes that there is an ethical obligation to responsibly share data generated by interventional clinical trials because participants have put themsel...The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors （ICMJE） believes that there is an ethical obligation to responsibly share data generated by interventional clinical trials because participants have put themselves at risk. In a growing consensus, many funders around the world - foundations, government agencies, and industry - now mandate data sharing. Here, we outline ICMJE＇s proposed requirements to help meet this obligation. We encourage feedback on the proposed requirements. Anyone can provide feedback at www. icmje.org by April 18, 2016.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to develop a comprehensive instrument for evaluating and ranking clinical practice guidelines,named Scientific,Transparent and Applicable Rankings tool(STAR),and test its reliability,validi...Background:This study aimed to develop a comprehensive instrument for evaluating and ranking clinical practice guidelines,named Scientific,Transparent and Applicable Rankings tool(STAR),and test its reliability,validity,and usability.Methods:This study set up a multidisciplinary working group including guideline methodologists,statisticians,journal editors,clinicians,and other experts.Scoping review,Delphi methods,and hierarchical analysis were used to develop the STAR tool.We evaluated the instrument’s intrinsic and interrater reliability,content and criterion validity,and usability.Results:STAR contained 39 items grouped into 11 domains.The mean intrinsic reliability of the domains,indicated by Cronbach’sαcoefficient,was 0.588(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.414,0.762).Interrater reliability as assessed with Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 0.774(95%CI:0.740,0.807)for methodological evaluators and 0.618(95%CI:0.587,0.648)for clinical evaluators.The overall content validity index was 0.905.Pearson’s r correlation for criterion validity was 0.885(95%CI:0.804,0.932).The mean usability score of the items was 4.6 and the median time spent to evaluate each guideline was 20 min.Conclusion:The instrument performed well in terms of reliability,validity,and efficiency,and can be used for comprehensively evaluating and ranking guidelines.展开更多
On behalf of all at High Power Laser Science and Engineering we would like to congratulate the team at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory(LLNL)on demonstrating fusion ignition at the National Ignition Facility.Thi...On behalf of all at High Power Laser Science and Engineering we would like to congratulate the team at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory(LLNL)on demonstrating fusion ignition at the National Ignition Facility.This major scientific achievement was realized on the 5 December 2022 at the LLNL and announced at a press briefing on the 13 December 2022 by the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration.This was a historic milestone and the culmination of decades of effort.展开更多
Intelligence is an attribute of human beings,it is an understanding,analyzing and decision-making process based on people’s perception of the world.Intelligence is enhanced by the interactions among different human b...Intelligence is an attribute of human beings,it is an understanding,analyzing and decision-making process based on people’s perception of the world.Intelligence is enhanced by the interactions among different human beings and the physical world,and becomes the driving force for the development of our traditional society consisting of a physical space and a human social space.The rules of our traditional society are also formed and developed during such interactions.展开更多
“In order to stimulate and encourage women’s commitment to science and technology,some fundamental improvements and changes in our outlook for women in science must be stressed.One is that the traditional roles of w...“In order to stimulate and encourage women’s commitment to science and technology,some fundamental improvements and changes in our outlook for women in science must be stressed.One is that the traditional roles of wife and mother and the role of dedicated scientist are actually compatible.The other is the professional acceptance of women scientists and engineers.”展开更多
With profound sadness,we announce the passing of Professor Joseph Wan-yee Lau(Figure 1),an esteemed Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a distinguished expert in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery,mor...With profound sadness,we announce the passing of Professor Joseph Wan-yee Lau(Figure 1),an esteemed Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a distinguished expert in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery,more importantly to us a senior editorial board of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition on February 7,2024.Professor Lau left us in Hong Kong due to illness at the age of 76,just before the Chinese New Year.Professor Lau has been a giant figure in the field,whose contributions were unparalleled.His leadership in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery earned him a revered place both in China as well as around the globe.He was the founder of the Liver Transplant Center and the Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research Group at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.Internationally,he was the first to propose the liver segment-based liver resection,a groundbreaking approach that has significantly influenced the radical resection of liver cancer,hilar cholangiocarcinoma,and split liver transplantation.His efforts unified the nomenclature for liver anatomy and resection surgery worldwide.He was the first to introduce yttrium-90 microspheres[selective internal radiation therapy(SIRT)]in the treatment of primary and secondary liver cancer.展开更多
Phytohormones regulate numerous aspects of plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. At least seven groups of phytohormones have been well characterized, including abscisic acid...Phytohormones regulate numerous aspects of plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. At least seven groups of phytohormones have been well characterized, including abscisic acid （ABA）, auxin, brassinosteroid （BR）, cytokinin （CK）, ethylene, gibberellin （GA）, and jasmonate （JA）. Hormone research in the past dec- ades has focused on elucidating signal transduction pathways from hormone perception to response and such effort has been well paid off by recent discoveries of almost all recep- tors for major classes of plant hormones.展开更多
In this issue of Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines （CJNM）, we are pleased to publish two comprehensive and timely review articles [1-2] addressing the registration regulation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM...In this issue of Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines （CJNM）, we are pleased to publish two comprehensive and timely review articles [1-2] addressing the registration regulation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, a critical issue in the development, regulation, and internationalization of TCM.展开更多
From the early roots of modern urology to today,genitourinary(GU)cancers have been an important part of the fields of urology and cancer biology.As medical science has advanced,newer clinical and basic viewpoints have...From the early roots of modern urology to today,genitourinary(GU)cancers have been an important part of the fields of urology and cancer biology.As medical science has advanced,newer clinical and basic viewpoints have impacted the thinking and practice in this important field.As such,GU oncology has been consistently seen as an area of rapid evolution both in biological understanding and clinical care.GU cancers continue to rise in incidence worldwide.Moreover,they represent a significant portion of cancer mortality in Asia and the western world.These facts have been met with some of the boldest and most important advances in cancer biology and therapy that have reshaped this field.展开更多
With the coming of the new year 2020,we are pleased to invite you to join us in celebrating the birth of a new plant science journal,Plant Communications,by reading this editorial.Together with Cell Press,a well-known...With the coming of the new year 2020,we are pleased to invite you to join us in celebrating the birth of a new plant science journal,Plant Communications,by reading this editorial.Together with Cell Press,a well-known life science publisher,we are launching Plant Communications as an open access journal sister to Molecular Plant,one of the leading plant science journals,which has published cutting-edge research for 12 years along with continuously improved services to the global plant science community.展开更多
With a goal of establishing a leading-edge international journal and an influential platform for researchers investigating physical principles,technologies,and applications of the emerging field of high energy density...With a goal of establishing a leading-edge international journal and an influential platform for researchers investigating physical principles,technologies,and applications of the emerging field of high energy density science,we initiated the new journal,Matter and Radiation at Extremes(MRE)in 2016.MRE has been and will be dedicated to report extreme states of matter and radiation and the related science,technology,and applications,including drivers(lasers,pulsed power,accelerators),modeling tools,targets,and diagnostics that are employed to produce,understand,and diagnose these conditions in the laboratory.展开更多
This paper will discuss the difference between genre fiction and mainstream fiction, the difference between science fiction and other fields of genre fiction, and in particular, the philosophical use of science fictio...This paper will discuss the difference between genre fiction and mainstream fiction, the difference between science fiction and other fields of genre fiction, and in particular, the philosophical use of science fiction in our search for a better world. All genres used to be called ″romance″ to distinguish them from ″true″ novels. There were arguments about it in Hawthorne’s The House of Seven Gables and in a heated exchange between H.G. Wells and Henry James. I will talk about this difference. All genre fiction pays attention to the external world, but science fiction is the only one of them that looks forward by being grounded in the present. Is science fiction really a genre? There are some doubts. Science fiction is not about science per se, but about the philosophy of science:the study of the external world and its relation to man. It is ideal for ″thought experiments.″ By exploring possible futures, we cannot only examine our present world, but can see ways in which it can be improved. Hence, science fiction is the search for, if not utopia, then at least a better world. This paper will also discuss the ideas of Kim Stanley Robinson, Ursula K. Le Guin, and others in their search for a better future.展开更多
Rice is the most widely consumed cereal for more than half of the world＇s population, especially in Asian countries. In addition to its utmost economic importance as a staple food crop, rice has become an ideal model...Rice is the most widely consumed cereal for more than half of the world＇s population, especially in Asian countries. In addition to its utmost economic importance as a staple food crop, rice has become an ideal model species for biologi- cal research of monocot crop plants, because of the avail- ability of whole-genome sequences for both indica and ialJonica subspecies,展开更多
Stem cells possess the remarkable ability of extensive self-renewal and differentiation into specific celllineages,and they play essential roles in development and adult tissue homeostasis.Due to their criticalimporta...Stem cells possess the remarkable ability of extensive self-renewal and differentiation into specific celllineages,and they play essential roles in development and adult tissue homeostasis.Due to their criticalimportance in normal physiology and the promise for use in regenerative medicine to treat a variety ofdiseases,stem cells have attracted extensive research interest in recent years.As China's premium in-ternational journal with a broad scope in cell and molecular biology,Cell Research has witnessed moreand more submissions on stem cell research.Indeed,along with the traditional strengths of the journal inmolecular immunology,cancer biology,and plant molecular physiology,stem cell research has graduallyand naturally evolved into a new growth point of Cell Research.Reflecting the growing interest of bothour readers and authors in this exciting and expanding field,we are pleased to present this Special Issueon Stem Cell Research.展开更多
Resident income inequality has widened drastically within a short timeframe in the process of transition. From a static point of view, there is a combination of three factors underpinning the widening of the resident ...Resident income inequality has widened drastically within a short timeframe in the process of transition. From a static point of view, there is a combination of three factors underpinning the widening of the resident income gap. Such factors include a) the variation in quantity of factors of production accumulated during the planned economy era; b) the difference between localities in respect of starting points at different historical stages along their varying paths of evolution; c) the illegal and abnormal income stemming from institutional loopholes and policy deficiencies. From a dynamic point of view, there are three root causes underlying resident income gap expansion. Firstly, the privileged group has been continuing to benefit from an increasingly large share of institutional transition returns by exerting influence over the path of evolution; secondly, the underprivileged group has lost their ability to capture income on a sustainable basis due to the lack of a mechanism to express their interests; thirdly, public policies are not designed or enforced well enough to regulate income inequality. Given the significant effects of excess income disparity on economic performance and social stability, it is thus imperative to hold the income gap in check in light of the societal reality of the transitional stage.展开更多
Transparency Ecosystemfor Research and Journals inMedicine(TERM)Working Group summarized the essential recommendations that should be considered to review and publish a high-quality guideline.These recommendations fro...Transparency Ecosystemfor Research and Journals inMedicine(TERM)Working Group summarized the essential recommendations that should be considered to review and publish a high-quality guideline.These recommendations fromeditors and reviewers included the 10 components of essential requirements:systematic review of existing relevant guidelines,guideline registration,guideline protocol,stakeholders,conflicts of interest,clinical questions,systematic reviews,recommendation consensus,guideline reporting,and external review.TERMWorking Group abbreviates them as PAGE(essential requirements for Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs),recommends guideline authors,editors,and peer reviewers use them for high-quality guidelines.展开更多
A Peruvian native,Dr.Velarde earned her medical degree from the New York University School of Medicine in New York and went on to complete her residency training in Internal Medicine at Columbia Presbyterian Medical C...A Peruvian native,Dr.Velarde earned her medical degree from the New York University School of Medicine in New York and went on to complete her residency training in Internal Medicine at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center and Cardiovascular Disease fellowship training at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York and Boston University.Dr.Gladys P.Velarde is Associate Professor of Medicine/Cardiology at The University of Florida,Jacksonville where she directs the Women’s Cardiovascular Health Program and is Director of the Cardiovascular Disease Fellowship training program.展开更多
Africa＇s largest bay and an the Gulf of Guinea has d＇Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, important international shipping channel, coastal countries including Liberia, Cote Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon, and Sa...Africa＇s largest bay and an the Gulf of Guinea has d＇Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, important international shipping channel, coastal countries including Liberia, Cote Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon, and Sao Tome and Principe. In a broader sense, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone and Mall can also be considered as coastal states of the Guinea Gulf. In the 21st century, the security situation in the region has been intricate, with intertwined traditional and non-traditional security issues and the involvement of multiple external forces.展开更多
As sessile organisms, the growth and productivity of land plants are continuously confronted with a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. As a consequence, land plants have evolved a set of perception and signaling ...As sessile organisms, the growth and productivity of land plants are continuously confronted with a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. As a consequence, land plants have evolved a set of perception and signaling mechanisms to respond or adapt to adverse environmental conditions via regulation of transcription and gene expression, finetuning protein translation, modification and degradation,展开更多
文摘The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors （ICMJE） believes that there is an ethical obligation to responsibly share data generated by interventional clinical trials because participants have put themselves at risk. In a growing consensus, many funders around the world - foundations, government agencies, and industry - now mandate data sharing. Here, we outline ICMJE＇s proposed requirements to help meet this obligation. We encourage feedback on the proposed requirements. Anyone can provide feedback at www. icmje.org by April 18, 2016.
基金funded by China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202206180007)funded by China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202206180006).
文摘Background:This study aimed to develop a comprehensive instrument for evaluating and ranking clinical practice guidelines,named Scientific,Transparent and Applicable Rankings tool(STAR),and test its reliability,validity,and usability.Methods:This study set up a multidisciplinary working group including guideline methodologists,statisticians,journal editors,clinicians,and other experts.Scoping review,Delphi methods,and hierarchical analysis were used to develop the STAR tool.We evaluated the instrument’s intrinsic and interrater reliability,content and criterion validity,and usability.Results:STAR contained 39 items grouped into 11 domains.The mean intrinsic reliability of the domains,indicated by Cronbach’sαcoefficient,was 0.588(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.414,0.762).Interrater reliability as assessed with Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 0.774(95%CI:0.740,0.807)for methodological evaluators and 0.618(95%CI:0.587,0.648)for clinical evaluators.The overall content validity index was 0.905.Pearson’s r correlation for criterion validity was 0.885(95%CI:0.804,0.932).The mean usability score of the items was 4.6 and the median time spent to evaluate each guideline was 20 min.Conclusion:The instrument performed well in terms of reliability,validity,and efficiency,and can be used for comprehensively evaluating and ranking guidelines.
文摘On behalf of all at High Power Laser Science and Engineering we would like to congratulate the team at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory(LLNL)on demonstrating fusion ignition at the National Ignition Facility.This major scientific achievement was realized on the 5 December 2022 at the LLNL and announced at a press briefing on the 13 December 2022 by the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration.This was a historic milestone and the culmination of decades of effort.
文摘Intelligence is an attribute of human beings,it is an understanding,analyzing and decision-making process based on people’s perception of the world.Intelligence is enhanced by the interactions among different human beings and the physical world,and becomes the driving force for the development of our traditional society consisting of a physical space and a human social space.The rules of our traditional society are also formed and developed during such interactions.
文摘“In order to stimulate and encourage women’s commitment to science and technology,some fundamental improvements and changes in our outlook for women in science must be stressed.One is that the traditional roles of wife and mother and the role of dedicated scientist are actually compatible.The other is the professional acceptance of women scientists and engineers.”
文摘With profound sadness,we announce the passing of Professor Joseph Wan-yee Lau(Figure 1),an esteemed Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a distinguished expert in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery,more importantly to us a senior editorial board of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition on February 7,2024.Professor Lau left us in Hong Kong due to illness at the age of 76,just before the Chinese New Year.Professor Lau has been a giant figure in the field,whose contributions were unparalleled.His leadership in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery earned him a revered place both in China as well as around the globe.He was the founder of the Liver Transplant Center and the Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research Group at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.Internationally,he was the first to propose the liver segment-based liver resection,a groundbreaking approach that has significantly influenced the radical resection of liver cancer,hilar cholangiocarcinoma,and split liver transplantation.His efforts unified the nomenclature for liver anatomy and resection surgery worldwide.He was the first to introduce yttrium-90 microspheres[selective internal radiation therapy(SIRT)]in the treatment of primary and secondary liver cancer.
文摘Phytohormones regulate numerous aspects of plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. At least seven groups of phytohormones have been well characterized, including abscisic acid （ABA）, auxin, brassinosteroid （BR）, cytokinin （CK）, ethylene, gibberellin （GA）, and jasmonate （JA）. Hormone research in the past dec- ades has focused on elucidating signal transduction pathways from hormone perception to response and such effort has been well paid off by recent discoveries of almost all recep- tors for major classes of plant hormones.
文摘In this issue of Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines （CJNM）, we are pleased to publish two comprehensive and timely review articles [1-2] addressing the registration regulation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, a critical issue in the development, regulation, and internationalization of TCM.
文摘From the early roots of modern urology to today,genitourinary(GU)cancers have been an important part of the fields of urology and cancer biology.As medical science has advanced,newer clinical and basic viewpoints have impacted the thinking and practice in this important field.As such,GU oncology has been consistently seen as an area of rapid evolution both in biological understanding and clinical care.GU cancers continue to rise in incidence worldwide.Moreover,they represent a significant portion of cancer mortality in Asia and the western world.These facts have been met with some of the boldest and most important advances in cancer biology and therapy that have reshaped this field.
文摘With the coming of the new year 2020,we are pleased to invite you to join us in celebrating the birth of a new plant science journal,Plant Communications,by reading this editorial.Together with Cell Press,a well-known life science publisher,we are launching Plant Communications as an open access journal sister to Molecular Plant,one of the leading plant science journals,which has published cutting-edge research for 12 years along with continuously improved services to the global plant science community.
文摘With a goal of establishing a leading-edge international journal and an influential platform for researchers investigating physical principles,technologies,and applications of the emerging field of high energy density science,we initiated the new journal,Matter and Radiation at Extremes(MRE)in 2016.MRE has been and will be dedicated to report extreme states of matter and radiation and the related science,technology,and applications,including drivers(lasers,pulsed power,accelerators),modeling tools,targets,and diagnostics that are employed to produce,understand,and diagnose these conditions in the laboratory.
文摘This paper will discuss the difference between genre fiction and mainstream fiction, the difference between science fiction and other fields of genre fiction, and in particular, the philosophical use of science fiction in our search for a better world. All genres used to be called ″romance″ to distinguish them from ″true″ novels. There were arguments about it in Hawthorne’s The House of Seven Gables and in a heated exchange between H.G. Wells and Henry James. I will talk about this difference. All genre fiction pays attention to the external world, but science fiction is the only one of them that looks forward by being grounded in the present. Is science fiction really a genre? There are some doubts. Science fiction is not about science per se, but about the philosophy of science:the study of the external world and its relation to man. It is ideal for ″thought experiments.″ By exploring possible futures, we cannot only examine our present world, but can see ways in which it can be improved. Hence, science fiction is the search for, if not utopia, then at least a better world. This paper will also discuss the ideas of Kim Stanley Robinson, Ursula K. Le Guin, and others in their search for a better future.
文摘Rice is the most widely consumed cereal for more than half of the world＇s population, especially in Asian countries. In addition to its utmost economic importance as a staple food crop, rice has become an ideal model species for biologi- cal research of monocot crop plants, because of the avail- ability of whole-genome sequences for both indica and ialJonica subspecies,
文摘Stem cells possess the remarkable ability of extensive self-renewal and differentiation into specific celllineages,and they play essential roles in development and adult tissue homeostasis.Due to their criticalimportance in normal physiology and the promise for use in regenerative medicine to treat a variety ofdiseases,stem cells have attracted extensive research interest in recent years.As China's premium in-ternational journal with a broad scope in cell and molecular biology,Cell Research has witnessed moreand more submissions on stem cell research.Indeed,along with the traditional strengths of the journal inmolecular immunology,cancer biology,and plant molecular physiology,stem cell research has graduallyand naturally evolved into a new growth point of Cell Research.Reflecting the growing interest of bothour readers and authors in this exciting and expanding field,we are pleased to present this Special Issueon Stem Cell Research.
文摘Resident income inequality has widened drastically within a short timeframe in the process of transition. From a static point of view, there is a combination of three factors underpinning the widening of the resident income gap. Such factors include a) the variation in quantity of factors of production accumulated during the planned economy era; b) the difference between localities in respect of starting points at different historical stages along their varying paths of evolution; c) the illegal and abnormal income stemming from institutional loopholes and policy deficiencies. From a dynamic point of view, there are three root causes underlying resident income gap expansion. Firstly, the privileged group has been continuing to benefit from an increasingly large share of institutional transition returns by exerting influence over the path of evolution; secondly, the underprivileged group has lost their ability to capture income on a sustainable basis due to the lack of a mechanism to express their interests; thirdly, public policies are not designed or enforced well enough to regulate income inequality. Given the significant effects of excess income disparity on economic performance and social stability, it is thus imperative to hold the income gap in check in light of the societal reality of the transitional stage.
基金supported by the Foundation of Chinese Medical Association Publishing House.
文摘Transparency Ecosystemfor Research and Journals inMedicine(TERM)Working Group summarized the essential recommendations that should be considered to review and publish a high-quality guideline.These recommendations fromeditors and reviewers included the 10 components of essential requirements:systematic review of existing relevant guidelines,guideline registration,guideline protocol,stakeholders,conflicts of interest,clinical questions,systematic reviews,recommendation consensus,guideline reporting,and external review.TERMWorking Group abbreviates them as PAGE(essential requirements for Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs),recommends guideline authors,editors,and peer reviewers use them for high-quality guidelines.
文摘A Peruvian native,Dr.Velarde earned her medical degree from the New York University School of Medicine in New York and went on to complete her residency training in Internal Medicine at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center and Cardiovascular Disease fellowship training at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York and Boston University.Dr.Gladys P.Velarde is Associate Professor of Medicine/Cardiology at The University of Florida,Jacksonville where she directs the Women’s Cardiovascular Health Program and is Director of the Cardiovascular Disease Fellowship training program.
基金a result of the China-Africa Joint Research and Exchange Program project "Security Situation in the Gulf of Guinea and Military Activities of External Countries"
文摘Africa＇s largest bay and an the Gulf of Guinea has d＇Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, important international shipping channel, coastal countries including Liberia, Cote Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon, and Sao Tome and Principe. In a broader sense, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone and Mall can also be considered as coastal states of the Guinea Gulf. In the 21st century, the security situation in the region has been intricate, with intertwined traditional and non-traditional security issues and the involvement of multiple external forces.
文摘As sessile organisms, the growth and productivity of land plants are continuously confronted with a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. As a consequence, land plants have evolved a set of perception and signaling mechanisms to respond or adapt to adverse environmental conditions via regulation of transcription and gene expression, finetuning protein translation, modification and degradation,
