The aryl hydrocarbon receptor （AhR） was discovered almost 30 years ago as a specific binding site for the halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD）, an environmental t...The aryl hydrocarbon receptor （AhR） was discovered almost 30 years ago as a specific binding site for the halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD）, an environmental toxin （as reviewed in [1]）. Within the last decade, AhR was found to have a basic helixloop-helix and function as a ligand-activated transcription factor.展开更多
The realization of an interoperable and scalable virtual platform, currently known as the “metaverse,” is inevitable, but many technological challenges need to be overcome first. With the metaverse still in a nascen...The realization of an interoperable and scalable virtual platform, currently known as the “metaverse,” is inevitable, but many technological challenges need to be overcome first. With the metaverse still in a nascent phase, research currently indicates that building a new 3D social environment capable of interoperable avatars and digital transactions will represent most of the initial investment in time and capital. The return on investment, however, is worth the financial risk for firms like Meta, Google, and Apple. While the current virtual space of the metaverse is worth $6.30 billion, that is expected to grow to $84.09 billion by the end of 2028. But the creation of an entire alternate virtual universe of 3D avatars, objects, and otherworldly cityscapes calls for a new development pipeline and workflow. Existing 3D modeling and digital twin processes, already well-established in industry and gaming, will be ported to support the need to architect and furnish this new digital world. The current development pipeline, however, is cumbersome, expensive and limited in output capacity. This paper proposes a new and innovative immersive development pipeline leveraging the recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) for 3D model creation and optimization. The previous reliance on 3D modeling software to create assets and then import into a game engine can be replaced with nearly instantaneous content creation with AI. While AI art generators like DALL-E 2 and DeepAI have been used for 2D asset creation, when combined with game engine technology, such as Unreal Engine 5 and virtualized geometry systems like Nanite, a new process for creating nearly unlimited content for immersive reality is possible. New processes and workflows, such as those proposed here, will revolutionize content creation and pave the way for Web 3.0, the metaverse and a truly 3D social environment.展开更多
Objective To study the effects of chronic fluoride exposure on spatial learning and memory and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K),protein kinase B (Akt),and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in ...Objective To study the effects of chronic fluoride exposure on spatial learning and memory and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K),protein kinase B (Akt),and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in hippocampus of second offspring(F2 generation) rats.展开更多
The biokinetics of Cu in Daphnia magna, including dissolved uptake, assimilation and efflux, has been determined using a gamma 67^Cu radiotracer methodology. However, this gamma emitting radioisotope is not readily av...The biokinetics of Cu in Daphnia magna, including dissolved uptake, assimilation and efflux, has been determined using a gamma 67^Cu radiotracer methodology. However, this gamma emitting radioisotope is not readily available due to its very short half-life. In the present study, we employed a stable isotope tracer （65^Cu） to determine the Cu biokinetics and compared our results to those determined using 67^Cu. The dissolved uptake rate constant of 65^Cu was 3.36 L/（g.day）, which is higher than that of 67^Cu （1.32 L/（g.day））. With increasing food concentrations from 2×10^4 to 1×10^5 cells/mL, the Cu assimilation efficiency （AE） decreased from 46% to 11%, compared to a decrease from 27% to 16% when determined using 67^Cu. The effiux of Cu from Daphnia magna was quantified following both dissolved and dietary uptake. The efflux of waterborne Cu was comparable to that of dietborne Cu and the effiux rate constant （0.32-0.52 day^-l） was higher than that determined by 67^Cu （0.19-0.20 day^-1）. By considering different water properties and handling procedure between the two experiments, we believe that these differences are reasonable. Overall, this study demonstrated that the enriched stable isotope tracer technique is a powerful tool to investigate metal bioavailability and maybe a good alternative to radioactive measurements.展开更多
By constructing proper coupling operators for the integro-differential type Markov generator, we establish the existence of a successful coupling for a class of stochastic differential equations driven by Levy process...By constructing proper coupling operators for the integro-differential type Markov generator, we establish the existence of a successful coupling for a class of stochastic differential equations driven by Levy processes. Our result implies a new Liouville theorem for space-time bounded harmonic functions with respect to the underlying Markov semigroups, and it is sharp for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes driven by s-stable Levy processes.展开更多
AIM: To explore an efficient, practical and objective quantitative method to evaluate the retinal neovascularization in mouse model of oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6J mice were explored in O...AIM: To explore an efficient, practical and objective quantitative method to evaluate the retinal neovascularization in mouse model of oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6J mice were explored in OIR model procedure. Eyes were removed for different staining methods including: (1) HE staining; (2) immunohistochemistry with Griffonia Simplicifolia Lectin (GSL); (3) Immunofluorescence with FITC labeled CD31 antibody; (4) Two-step immunofluorescence with purified-CD31 antibody; (5) FITC-Dextran perfusion combined with two-step purified-CD31immunofluorescence. Images of the retinal vasculature were analyzed by imaging software. ' RESULTS: GSL immunohistochemistry could clearly demonstrate the deep and superficial capillary beds. FITC labeled CD31 Immunofluorescence was blurring with high fluorescence background which was hard to distinguish retinal neovascularization in some area. Excellent detail of neovascularization and preexistent retinal vessels was provided in two-step Purified-CD31 immunofluorescence group. CONCLUSION: GSL immunohistochemistry can clearly demonstrate neovascularization tufts in deep and superficial capillary beds. Immunofluorescence of specific antigen CD31 on vascular endothelium can selectively label the neovascularization of mouse retina. When combined with computer analysis software, it is an effective and objective quantitative method to evaluate the retinal neovascularization in OIR mouse model.展开更多
A high order finite difference scheme for solving the Regularised Long Wave(RLW) equation, based on the high order Pade approximation and Lax-Wendroff type timediscretization, was developed in this paper. Some numeric...A high order finite difference scheme for solving the Regularised Long Wave(RLW) equation, based on the high order Pade approximation and Lax-Wendroff type timediscretization, was developed in this paper. Some numerical examples, including the propagation of asingle soliton, the interaction of double solitary waves and the temporal evolution of a Maxwellianinitial pulse, were studied to test the accuracy, efficiency and conservation property of thescheme. Compared with the results based on finite element methods, the scheme is proven successful.展开更多
By using the Lagrange interpolation formula and the technology of signature of equality, a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature scheme is proposed, where an original signer delegates his (her) signing power to ...By using the Lagrange interpolation formula and the technology of signature of equality, a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature scheme is proposed, where an original signer delegates his (her) signing power to a proxy, who generates a nominative signature on behalf of the original signer and only k or more active verifiers in the n nominees (verifiers) nominated by the proxy signer can verify the signature signed by the proxy. If necessary, these (k or more) active nominees (verifiers) can prove its validity to a third party. In this scheme, the secret shares are generated and en- crypted by the original signer. At the same time, the ciphertexts of the secret shares are used as parts of the signature. Then, the secret shares need not be sent to the nominees (verifiers) secretly. The ordinary nominative proxy signature can be viewed as a (1, 1) threshold nominative proxy signature. The ordinary nominative proxy signature can be viewed as a special case of a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature. According to the security analysis of this paper, it is found that our scheme is secure against a proxy signing key forgery attack and existential forgery on an adaptive chosen message attack.展开更多
Let G be arbitrary finite group,define H G· (t;p +,p) to be the generating function of G-wreath double Hurwitz numbers.We prove that H G· (t;p +,p) satisfies a differential equation called the colored cutand...Let G be arbitrary finite group,define H G· (t;p +,p) to be the generating function of G-wreath double Hurwitz numbers.We prove that H G· (t;p +,p) satisfies a differential equation called the colored cutand-join equation.Furthermore,H G·(t;p +,p) is a product of several copies of tau functions of the 2-Toda hierarchy,in independent variables.These generalize the corresponding results for ordinary Hurwitz numbers.展开更多
In this paper,we continue to study the normality of a family of meromorphic functions without simple zeros and simple poles such that their derivatives omit a given holomorphic function.Such a family in general is not...In this paper,we continue to study the normality of a family of meromorphic functions without simple zeros and simple poles such that their derivatives omit a given holomorphic function.Such a family in general is not normal at the zeros of the omitted function.Our main result is the characterization of the non-normal sequences,and hence some known results are its corollaries.展开更多
In the past decades, various neural network models have been developed for modeling the behavior of human brain or performing problem-solving through simulating the behavior of human brain. The recurrent neural networ...In the past decades, various neural network models have been developed for modeling the behavior of human brain or performing problem-solving through simulating the behavior of human brain. The recurrent neural networks are the type of neural networks to model or simulate associative memory behavior of human being. A recurrent neural network （RNN） can be generally formalized as a dynamic system associated with two fundamental operators： one is the nonlinear activation operator deduced from the input-output properties of the involved neurons, and the other is the synaptic connections （a matrix） among the neurons. Through carefully examining properties of various activation functions used, we introduce a novel type of monotone operators, the uniformly pseudo-projectionanti-monotone （UPPAM） operators, to unify the various RNN models appeared in the literature. We develop a unified encoding and stability theory for the UPPAM network model when the time is discrete. The established model and theory not only unify but also jointly generalize the most known results of RNNs. The approach has lunched a visible step towards establishment of a unified mathematical theory of recurrent neural networks.展开更多
There is nothing more fundamental than the genome for the existence and maintenance of all living beings. The importance of the genome is increasingly appreciated as recent discoveries have revealed that changes in th...There is nothing more fundamental than the genome for the existence and maintenance of all living beings. The importance of the genome is increasingly appreciated as recent discoveries have revealed that changes in the human genome, regardless of being inherited or induced, can result in diseases that either significantly shorten lives （as seen in cancer） or dramatically affect the quality of lives （often seen in neurodegenerative diseases）. Therefore, maintaining genome integrity is critical for not only the continuation of a species in evolution （although mutations may be occasionally beneficial during evolution） but also for longevity and general health.展开更多
Objective To investigate the expression of mRNA and proteins ofβ-catenin,TCF-4(ICAT)and Wnt signaling pathway-related genes in the monocytic differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells induced by a new ster...Objective To investigate the expression of mRNA and proteins ofβ-catenin,TCF-4(ICAT)and Wnt signaling pathway-related genes in the monocytic differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells induced by a new steroidal drug NSC67657.Methods Wright’s staining andα-NBE staining were used to observe the differentiation of HL-60 cells after 5 days of展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress（ERS）-mediated apoptosis in athero-scle-rotic calcification of diabetic apolipoprotein E gene knocked-out(ApoE-/-)mice.Methods 6-week old male ApoE-/-...Objective To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress（ERS）-mediated apoptosis in athero-scle-rotic calcification of diabetic apolipoprotein E gene knocked-out(ApoE-/-)mice.Methods 6-week old male ApoE-/- mice were first rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（STZ）for 5展开更多
We derive some residual-type a posteriori error estimates for the local CO discontinuous Galerkin （LCDG） approximations （[31]） of the Kirchhoff bending plate clamped on the boundary. The estimator is both reliable...We derive some residual-type a posteriori error estimates for the local CO discontinuous Galerkin （LCDG） approximations （[31]） of the Kirchhoff bending plate clamped on the boundary. The estimator is both reliable and efficient with respect to the moment-field approximation error in an energy norm. Some numerical experiments are reported to demonstrate theoretical results.展开更多
Objective To predict the epitopes of the spike protein of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)and to analyze the mutation characteristics of this protein.Methods The gene sequences of 2019-nCoV was downloaded from GenBan...Objective To predict the epitopes of the spike protein of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)and to analyze the mutation characteristics of this protein.Methods The gene sequences of 2019-nCoV was downloaded from GenBank and Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data database(as of March 4,2020).ClustalW,MEGA 7.0,Immune Epitope Database and other software were used for predicting potential B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte epitopes of spike protein.展开更多
文摘The aryl hydrocarbon receptor （AhR） was discovered almost 30 years ago as a specific binding site for the halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD）, an environmental toxin （as reviewed in [1]）. Within the last decade, AhR was found to have a basic helixloop-helix and function as a ligand-activated transcription factor.
文摘The realization of an interoperable and scalable virtual platform, currently known as the “metaverse,” is inevitable, but many technological challenges need to be overcome first. With the metaverse still in a nascent phase, research currently indicates that building a new 3D social environment capable of interoperable avatars and digital transactions will represent most of the initial investment in time and capital. The return on investment, however, is worth the financial risk for firms like Meta, Google, and Apple. While the current virtual space of the metaverse is worth $6.30 billion, that is expected to grow to $84.09 billion by the end of 2028. But the creation of an entire alternate virtual universe of 3D avatars, objects, and otherworldly cityscapes calls for a new development pipeline and workflow. Existing 3D modeling and digital twin processes, already well-established in industry and gaming, will be ported to support the need to architect and furnish this new digital world. The current development pipeline, however, is cumbersome, expensive and limited in output capacity. This paper proposes a new and innovative immersive development pipeline leveraging the recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) for 3D model creation and optimization. The previous reliance on 3D modeling software to create assets and then import into a game engine can be replaced with nearly instantaneous content creation with AI. While AI art generators like DALL-E 2 and DeepAI have been used for 2D asset creation, when combined with game engine technology, such as Unreal Engine 5 and virtualized geometry systems like Nanite, a new process for creating nearly unlimited content for immersive reality is possible. New processes and workflows, such as those proposed here, will revolutionize content creation and pave the way for Web 3.0, the metaverse and a truly 3D social environment.
文摘Objective To study the effects of chronic fluoride exposure on spatial learning and memory and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K),protein kinase B (Akt),and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in hippocampus of second offspring(F2 generation) rats.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China "Water Environmental Quality Evolution and Water Quality Criteria in Lakes" (No.2008CB418201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40871215)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No. 8092019)
文摘The biokinetics of Cu in Daphnia magna, including dissolved uptake, assimilation and efflux, has been determined using a gamma 67^Cu radiotracer methodology. However, this gamma emitting radioisotope is not readily available due to its very short half-life. In the present study, we employed a stable isotope tracer （65^Cu） to determine the Cu biokinetics and compared our results to those determined using 67^Cu. The dissolved uptake rate constant of 65^Cu was 3.36 L/（g.day）, which is higher than that of 67^Cu （1.32 L/（g.day））. With increasing food concentrations from 2×10^4 to 1×10^5 cells/mL, the Cu assimilation efficiency （AE） decreased from 46% to 11%, compared to a decrease from 27% to 16% when determined using 67^Cu. The effiux of Cu from Daphnia magna was quantified following both dissolved and dietary uptake. The efflux of waterborne Cu was comparable to that of dietborne Cu and the effiux rate constant （0.32-0.52 day^-l） was higher than that determined by 67^Cu （0.19-0.20 day^-1）. By considering different water properties and handling procedure between the two experiments, we believe that these differences are reasonable. Overall, this study demonstrated that the enriched stable isotope tracer technique is a powerful tool to investigate metal bioavailability and maybe a good alternative to radioactive measurements.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11126350)the Programme of Excellent Young Talents in Universities of Fujian(Grant Nos.JA10058,JA11051)
文摘By constructing proper coupling operators for the integro-differential type Markov generator, we establish the existence of a successful coupling for a class of stochastic differential equations driven by Levy processes. Our result implies a new Liouville theorem for space-time bounded harmonic functions with respect to the underlying Markov semigroups, and it is sharp for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes driven by s-stable Levy processes.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30973899)
文摘AIM: To explore an efficient, practical and objective quantitative method to evaluate the retinal neovascularization in mouse model of oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6J mice were explored in OIR model procedure. Eyes were removed for different staining methods including: (1) HE staining; (2) immunohistochemistry with Griffonia Simplicifolia Lectin (GSL); (3) Immunofluorescence with FITC labeled CD31 antibody; (4) Two-step immunofluorescence with purified-CD31 antibody; (5) FITC-Dextran perfusion combined with two-step purified-CD31immunofluorescence. Images of the retinal vasculature were analyzed by imaging software. ' RESULTS: GSL immunohistochemistry could clearly demonstrate the deep and superficial capillary beds. FITC labeled CD31 Immunofluorescence was blurring with high fluorescence background which was hard to distinguish retinal neovascularization in some area. Excellent detail of neovascularization and preexistent retinal vessels was provided in two-step Purified-CD31 immunofluorescence group. CONCLUSION: GSL immunohistochemistry can clearly demonstrate neovascularization tufts in deep and superficial capillary beds. Immunofluorescence of specific antigen CD31 on vascular endothelium can selectively label the neovascularization of mouse retina. When combined with computer analysis software, it is an effective and objective quantitative method to evaluate the retinal neovascularization in OIR mouse model.
文摘A high order finite difference scheme for solving the Regularised Long Wave(RLW) equation, based on the high order Pade approximation and Lax-Wendroff type timediscretization, was developed in this paper. Some numerical examples, including the propagation of asingle soliton, the interaction of double solitary waves and the temporal evolution of a Maxwellianinitial pulse, were studied to test the accuracy, efficiency and conservation property of thescheme. Compared with the results based on finite element methods, the scheme is proven successful.
基金Projects 60473028 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and 2006XXJ17 by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhengzhou Universityof Light Industry
文摘By using the Lagrange interpolation formula and the technology of signature of equality, a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature scheme is proposed, where an original signer delegates his (her) signing power to a proxy, who generates a nominative signature on behalf of the original signer and only k or more active verifiers in the n nominees (verifiers) nominated by the proxy signer can verify the signature signed by the proxy. If necessary, these (k or more) active nominees (verifiers) can prove its validity to a third party. In this scheme, the secret shares are generated and en- crypted by the original signer. At the same time, the ciphertexts of the secret shares are used as parts of the signature. Then, the secret shares need not be sent to the nominees (verifiers) secretly. The ordinary nominative proxy signature can be viewed as a (1, 1) threshold nominative proxy signature. The ordinary nominative proxy signature can be viewed as a special case of a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature. According to the security analysis of this paper, it is found that our scheme is secure against a proxy signing key forgery attack and existential forgery on an adaptive chosen message attack.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10425101,10631050)National Basic Research Program of China(973Project)(Grant No.2006cB805905)
文摘Let G be arbitrary finite group,define H G· (t;p +,p) to be the generating function of G-wreath double Hurwitz numbers.We prove that H G· (t;p +,p) satisfies a differential equation called the colored cutand-join equation.Furthermore,H G·(t;p +,p) is a product of several copies of tau functions of the 2-Toda hierarchy,in independent variables.These generalize the corresponding results for ordinary Hurwitz numbers.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11171045)
文摘In this paper,we continue to study the normality of a family of meromorphic functions without simple zeros and simple poles such that their derivatives omit a given holomorphic function.Such a family in general is not normal at the zeros of the omitted function.Our main result is the characterization of the non-normal sequences,and hence some known results are its corollaries.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （Grant No. 2007CB311002）, the National Nature Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 61075054） and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （Grant No. xjj20100087）
文摘In the past decades, various neural network models have been developed for modeling the behavior of human brain or performing problem-solving through simulating the behavior of human brain. The recurrent neural networks are the type of neural networks to model or simulate associative memory behavior of human being. A recurrent neural network （RNN） can be generally formalized as a dynamic system associated with two fundamental operators： one is the nonlinear activation operator deduced from the input-output properties of the involved neurons, and the other is the synaptic connections （a matrix） among the neurons. Through carefully examining properties of various activation functions used, we introduce a novel type of monotone operators, the uniformly pseudo-projectionanti-monotone （UPPAM） operators, to unify the various RNN models appeared in the literature. We develop a unified encoding and stability theory for the UPPAM network model when the time is discrete. The established model and theory not only unify but also jointly generalize the most known results of RNNs. The approach has lunched a visible step towards establishment of a unified mathematical theory of recurrent neural networks.
文摘There is nothing more fundamental than the genome for the existence and maintenance of all living beings. The importance of the genome is increasingly appreciated as recent discoveries have revealed that changes in the human genome, regardless of being inherited or induced, can result in diseases that either significantly shorten lives （as seen in cancer） or dramatically affect the quality of lives （often seen in neurodegenerative diseases）. Therefore, maintaining genome integrity is critical for not only the continuation of a species in evolution （although mutations may be occasionally beneficial during evolution） but also for longevity and general health.
文摘Objective To investigate the expression of mRNA and proteins ofβ-catenin,TCF-4(ICAT)and Wnt signaling pathway-related genes in the monocytic differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells induced by a new steroidal drug NSC67657.Methods Wright’s staining andα-NBE staining were used to observe the differentiation of HL-60 cells after 5 days of
文摘Objective To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress（ERS）-mediated apoptosis in athero-scle-rotic calcification of diabetic apolipoprotein E gene knocked-out(ApoE-/-)mice.Methods 6-week old male ApoE-/- mice were first rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（STZ）for 5
文摘We derive some residual-type a posteriori error estimates for the local CO discontinuous Galerkin （LCDG） approximations （[31]） of the Kirchhoff bending plate clamped on the boundary. The estimator is both reliable and efficient with respect to the moment-field approximation error in an energy norm. Some numerical experiments are reported to demonstrate theoretical results.
文摘Objective To predict the epitopes of the spike protein of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)and to analyze the mutation characteristics of this protein.Methods The gene sequences of 2019-nCoV was downloaded from GenBank and Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data database(as of March 4,2020).ClustalW,MEGA 7.0,Immune Epitope Database and other software were used for predicting potential B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte epitopes of spike protein.
