Vernacular buildings are known for their localized passive settings to provide comfortable indoor environment without air conditioning systems.One alternative is the consistent ground temperature over the year that ea...Vernacular buildings are known for their localized passive settings to provide comfortable indoor environment without air conditioning systems.One alternative is the consistent ground temperature over the year that earth-sheltered envelopes take the benefit;however,ensuring annual indoor comfort might be challenging.Thus,this research monitors the indoor thermal indicators of 22 earth-sheltered buildings in Meymand,Iran with a warmdry climate.Furthermore,the observations are used to validate the simulation results through two outdoor and indoor environmental parameters,air temperature and relative humidity during the hottest period of the year.Findings indicated that the main thermal comfort differences among case studies were mainly due to their architectural layouts where the associated variables including length,width,height,orientation,window-to-wall ratio,and shading depth were optimized through a linkage between Ladybug-tools and Genetic Algorithm(GA)concerning adaptive thermal comfort model definition and could enhance the annual thermal comfort by 31%.展开更多
A courtyard is an architectural design element which is often known as microclimate modifiers and is responsible to increase the indoor occupant comfort in traditional architecture. The aim of this study is to conduct...A courtyard is an architectural design element which is often known as microclimate modifiers and is responsible to increase the indoor occupant comfort in traditional architecture. The aim of this study is to conduct a parametric evaluation of courtyard design variants in a residential building of different climates with a focus on indoor thermal comfort and utility costs. A brute-force approach is applied to generate a wide range of design alternatives and the simulation workflow is conducted by Grasshopper together with the environmental plugins Ladybug and Honeybee. The main study objective is the evaluation of the occupant thermal comfort in an air-conditioned residential building, energy load, and cost analysis, derived from different design variables including courtyard geometry, window-to-wall ratio, envelope materials, heating, and cooling set-point dead-bands, and building geographical location. Furthermore, a Deep Learning model is developed using the inputs and outputs of the simulation and analysis to transform the outcomes into the algorithmic and tangible environment feasible for predictive applications. The results suggest that regarding the thermal loads, costs, and indoor thermal comfort index (PMV), there are high correlations between the outdoor weather variation and dead-band ranges, while in extreme climates such as Singapore, courtyard spaces might not be efficient enough as expected. Finally, the highly accurate deep learning model is also developed, delivering superior predictive capabilities for the thermal comfort and utility costs of the courtyard designs.展开更多
文摘Vernacular buildings are known for their localized passive settings to provide comfortable indoor environment without air conditioning systems.One alternative is the consistent ground temperature over the year that earth-sheltered envelopes take the benefit;however,ensuring annual indoor comfort might be challenging.Thus,this research monitors the indoor thermal indicators of 22 earth-sheltered buildings in Meymand,Iran with a warmdry climate.Furthermore,the observations are used to validate the simulation results through two outdoor and indoor environmental parameters,air temperature and relative humidity during the hottest period of the year.Findings indicated that the main thermal comfort differences among case studies were mainly due to their architectural layouts where the associated variables including length,width,height,orientation,window-to-wall ratio,and shading depth were optimized through a linkage between Ladybug-tools and Genetic Algorithm(GA)concerning adaptive thermal comfort model definition and could enhance the annual thermal comfort by 31%.
文摘A courtyard is an architectural design element which is often known as microclimate modifiers and is responsible to increase the indoor occupant comfort in traditional architecture. The aim of this study is to conduct a parametric evaluation of courtyard design variants in a residential building of different climates with a focus on indoor thermal comfort and utility costs. A brute-force approach is applied to generate a wide range of design alternatives and the simulation workflow is conducted by Grasshopper together with the environmental plugins Ladybug and Honeybee. The main study objective is the evaluation of the occupant thermal comfort in an air-conditioned residential building, energy load, and cost analysis, derived from different design variables including courtyard geometry, window-to-wall ratio, envelope materials, heating, and cooling set-point dead-bands, and building geographical location. Furthermore, a Deep Learning model is developed using the inputs and outputs of the simulation and analysis to transform the outcomes into the algorithmic and tangible environment feasible for predictive applications. The results suggest that regarding the thermal loads, costs, and indoor thermal comfort index (PMV), there are high correlations between the outdoor weather variation and dead-band ranges, while in extreme climates such as Singapore, courtyard spaces might not be efficient enough as expected. Finally, the highly accurate deep learning model is also developed, delivering superior predictive capabilities for the thermal comfort and utility costs of the courtyard designs.
