Aim: To investigate the spatial and temporal expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in mouse and rat epididymis during postnatal period. Methods: The epididymal sections from different postnatal days were stain...Aim: To investigate the spatial and temporal expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in mouse and rat epididymis during postnatal period. Methods: The epididymal sections from different postnatal days were stained for GCNF by the indirect immunofluorescence technique and digital photographs were taken by a Carl Zeiss confocal microscope. Results: GCNF was first detected on day 12 in mouse epididymis and day 14 in rat epididymis. The highest expression of GCNF was observed on day 35 in both mouse and rat epididymis. In adults, GCNF exhibited a region-specific expression pattern, i.e., it was expressed predominantly in the initial segment, caput and proximal corpus of rat epididymis and was abundant in the proximal corpus of mouse epididymis. GCNF could be found in the nuclei of the principal, apical, narrow, clear and halo cells. Conclusion: GCNF may play an important role in epididymal differentiation and development and in sperm maturation.展开更多
Aim: To study the effect of smoking on the semen quality in infertile men in Shandong Province, China. Methods:Adult non-drinker males attending the infertility clinic, including 110 non-smokers and 191 smokers, were ...Aim: To study the effect of smoking on the semen quality in infertile men in Shandong Province, China. Methods:Adult non-drinker males attending the infertility clinic, including 110 non-smokers and 191 smokers, were recruited forthe study. Sixty-one fertile, non-smoker and non-drinker males, who had one or more children, served as the controls.The smokers were divided into subgroups according to the amount and duration of smoking. Semen parameters (semenvolume and sperm density, viability, motility, and morphology) were examined and seminal plasma contents of Zn,Cu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) determined. Results: The semen volume and acidity, and the sperm density,viability and forward progression, as well as the seminal plasma contents of Zn, Cu and SOD were much lower in themedium, heavy and long-term smokers than in the non-smokers ( P < 0.01). The sperm density, viability and forwardprogression, and the seminal plasma Zn, Cu and SOD levels were negatively correlated with the amount and duration ofcigarette smoking (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Medium, heavy and long-term smoking adversely affected the semenquality in a population of men visiting the infertility clinic in Shandong, China.展开更多
Objective The investigate the effect of polypeptide isolated from Chlamys Farreri (PCF) on Hela cells damaged by ultraviolet(UV). Methods The suspension of Hela epithelia cells (5 × 10^8/mL ) cultured for 24 ...Objective The investigate the effect of polypeptide isolated from Chlamys Farreri (PCF) on Hela cells damaged by ultraviolet(UV). Methods The suspension of Hela epithelia cells (5 × 10^8/mL ) cultured for 24 hours were prepared and 1 mL of it was put into each hole of 24-hole plates. Some Hela cells were randomly divided into six groups: control group (C), modal group(M), 5 g/L PCF group, 10 g/L PCF group, 20 g/L PC Fgroup and 10 g/L Vitamin-C (Vc) group. After incubation with RPMI-1640, PCF, Vitamin C, respectively, for 10minutes, the cells were exposed to UVA ( irradiation intensity: 3650 μ/cm^2 ), with the exception of the mice in C group. Some other Hela cells were divided into another six groups, they were treated almost the same as above, but irradiated by UVB ( irradiation intensity: 7.15 ×10^-5 J/cm^2). The intracellular free calcium (Ca^2+ ), apoptosis and cell death rate were measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by biochemical assays. Results The apoptosis and cell death rate were decreased and the contents of intracellular Ca^2+ and activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as well as the activities of GSH-px, SOD,CAT increased and the MDA decreased by the action of PCF. Conclusion It is suggested that PCF could protect the cells from the damage caused by UVA and UVB by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes.展开更多
Aim: To investigate the stage-specific localization of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and β3 during spermatogenesis in adult human testis. Methods: The localization of TGFβ1 and β3 was investigated by immunoh...Aim: To investigate the stage-specific localization of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and β3 during spermatogenesis in adult human testis. Methods: The localization of TGFβ1 and β3 was investigated by immunohis tochemical staining method employing specific polyclonal antibodies. Results: Both TGFβ1 and β3 and their recep tors were preponderant in the Leydig celis. TGFβ1 could not be detected in the seminiferous tubules. TGFβ3 and TGFβ-Receptor (R) I were mainly seen in the elongated spermatids, while TGFβ-RⅡ in the pachytene spermatocytes and weak in the spermatogonia, spermatids and Sertoli celis. Only TGFβ-RⅡ was detected in the Sertoli celis. TGFβ3, TGFβ-RⅠ and TGFβ-RⅡ showed a staining pattern dependent upon the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. Conclusion: TGFβ isoforms and their receptors are present in the somatic and germ celis of the adult human testis, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of spermatogenesis.展开更多
Aim: To assess the spatial and temporal expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in male mouse germ cells during postnatal development and in sperm before and after capacitation. Methods: The indirect immun-ofluo...Aim: To assess the spatial and temporal expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in male mouse germ cells during postnatal development and in sperm before and after capacitation. Methods: The indirect immun-ofluorescence method with anti-GCNF antiserum was used to investigate the GCNF expression in mice at day 8, 10, 14, 17, 20, 28, 35, 70, and 420 after birth and in sperm before and after capacitation. Results: With the proceeding of spermatogenesis, GCNF was first detected in the nuclei of spermatogonia and a few early stage primary sperma-tocytes at day 8, which was increased gradually at day 10 to 14 inclusive. From day 17 to day 20, the GCNF was concentrated in round spermatids, while both spermatogonia and early stage primary spermatocytes became GCNF negative. From day 28 until day 420, strong GCNF expression was shown in round spermatids and pachytene spermatocytes, while spermatogonia, early primary spermatocytes and elongating spermatids were all GCNF negative. In addition, it was also found that GCNF was localized on the acrosomal cap region of spermatozoa and there was a big change in GCNF expression during capacitation, from 98 % GCNF positive before capacitation to about 20 % positive following capacitation. The localization of GCNF in caput and cauda spermatozoa was similar. Conclusion: GCNF may play important roles in spermatogenesis, capacitation and fertilization.展开更多
To observe the histological and immunohistochemical changes caused by of Traditional Chinese Medicine——Mianbu Fang (Immunological Infertility Healing Mixture) in testis and epididymus of male mice with immunologic...To observe the histological and immunohistochemical changes caused by of Traditional Chinese Medicine——Mianbu Fang (Immunological Infertility Healing Mixture) in testis and epididymus of male mice with immunological infertility induced by antisperm antibody (AsAb). Materials & Methods Models of mice with immunological infertility were used by injection of mice sperm. These mice were treated with Mianbu Ⅰ, Mianbu Ⅱ or Prednisone Acetates. The characteristics on histology and immunohistochemistry of mice were analyzed. Results High level of AsAb was detected in serum and seminal vesicle plasma of model mice after treatment. Immune compounds mostly deposited in limiting membrane of seminiferous tubules, spermatogonium and epithelia of epididymis ducts. The number of spermatogenic cells per convoluted seminiferous tubule decreased. However, the Chinese medicine could significantly reduce the level of AsAb, or even eliminate the antibodies and clear out the immune compounds and increase the number of spermatogenic cells of seminiferous tubules. Conclusion Chinese Medicine Mianbu Ⅰand Ⅱ can regulate, absorb and clear out circulation and partial AsAb, as well as immunological compound. Hence, they can increase the number of spermatogenic cells of seminiferous tubules and increase the pregnancy of mice.展开更多
Objective: To study the transforming growth factor β receptor Ⅱ (TGFβ-R Ⅱ) expression in experimental cryptorchidism and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells in rats. Methods: The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was ...Objective: To study the transforming growth factor β receptor Ⅱ (TGFβ-R Ⅱ) expression in experimental cryptorchidism and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells in rats. Methods: The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was detected by means of the terminal deoxynucleotldyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end lableling method (TUNEL) and the TGFβ-R Ⅱ expression was observed with the immunohistochemistry SABC methods. Results: There was a significant increase in the TGFβ-R Ⅱ expression in unilateral undescended testes (UUTs) compared with that in contralateral descended testes (CDTs, P<0.01). However, there was a significant and time-dependent increase in the mean apoptotic index in UUTs than in CDTs. Conclusion: TGFβ-R Ⅱ may play an important role in spermatogenic cell apoptosis.展开更多
文摘Aim: To investigate the spatial and temporal expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in mouse and rat epididymis during postnatal period. Methods: The epididymal sections from different postnatal days were stained for GCNF by the indirect immunofluorescence technique and digital photographs were taken by a Carl Zeiss confocal microscope. Results: GCNF was first detected on day 12 in mouse epididymis and day 14 in rat epididymis. The highest expression of GCNF was observed on day 35 in both mouse and rat epididymis. In adults, GCNF exhibited a region-specific expression pattern, i.e., it was expressed predominantly in the initial segment, caput and proximal corpus of rat epididymis and was abundant in the proximal corpus of mouse epididymis. GCNF could be found in the nuclei of the principal, apical, narrow, clear and halo cells. Conclusion: GCNF may play an important role in epididymal differentiation and development and in sperm maturation.
文摘Aim: To study the effect of smoking on the semen quality in infertile men in Shandong Province, China. Methods:Adult non-drinker males attending the infertility clinic, including 110 non-smokers and 191 smokers, were recruited forthe study. Sixty-one fertile, non-smoker and non-drinker males, who had one or more children, served as the controls.The smokers were divided into subgroups according to the amount and duration of smoking. Semen parameters (semenvolume and sperm density, viability, motility, and morphology) were examined and seminal plasma contents of Zn,Cu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) determined. Results: The semen volume and acidity, and the sperm density,viability and forward progression, as well as the seminal plasma contents of Zn, Cu and SOD were much lower in themedium, heavy and long-term smokers than in the non-smokers ( P < 0.01). The sperm density, viability and forwardprogression, and the seminal plasma Zn, Cu and SOD levels were negatively correlated with the amount and duration ofcigarette smoking (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Medium, heavy and long-term smoking adversely affected the semenquality in a population of men visiting the infertility clinic in Shandong, China.
文摘Objective The investigate the effect of polypeptide isolated from Chlamys Farreri (PCF) on Hela cells damaged by ultraviolet(UV). Methods The suspension of Hela epithelia cells (5 × 10^8/mL ) cultured for 24 hours were prepared and 1 mL of it was put into each hole of 24-hole plates. Some Hela cells were randomly divided into six groups: control group (C), modal group(M), 5 g/L PCF group, 10 g/L PCF group, 20 g/L PC Fgroup and 10 g/L Vitamin-C (Vc) group. After incubation with RPMI-1640, PCF, Vitamin C, respectively, for 10minutes, the cells were exposed to UVA ( irradiation intensity: 3650 μ/cm^2 ), with the exception of the mice in C group. Some other Hela cells were divided into another six groups, they were treated almost the same as above, but irradiated by UVB ( irradiation intensity: 7.15 ×10^-5 J/cm^2). The intracellular free calcium (Ca^2+ ), apoptosis and cell death rate were measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by biochemical assays. Results The apoptosis and cell death rate were decreased and the contents of intracellular Ca^2+ and activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as well as the activities of GSH-px, SOD,CAT increased and the MDA decreased by the action of PCF. Conclusion It is suggested that PCF could protect the cells from the damage caused by UVA and UVB by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
文摘Aim: To investigate the stage-specific localization of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and β3 during spermatogenesis in adult human testis. Methods: The localization of TGFβ1 and β3 was investigated by immunohis tochemical staining method employing specific polyclonal antibodies. Results: Both TGFβ1 and β3 and their recep tors were preponderant in the Leydig celis. TGFβ1 could not be detected in the seminiferous tubules. TGFβ3 and TGFβ-Receptor (R) I were mainly seen in the elongated spermatids, while TGFβ-RⅡ in the pachytene spermatocytes and weak in the spermatogonia, spermatids and Sertoli celis. Only TGFβ-RⅡ was detected in the Sertoli celis. TGFβ3, TGFβ-RⅠ and TGFβ-RⅡ showed a staining pattern dependent upon the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. Conclusion: TGFβ isoforms and their receptors are present in the somatic and germ celis of the adult human testis, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of spermatogenesis.
文摘Aim: To assess the spatial and temporal expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in male mouse germ cells during postnatal development and in sperm before and after capacitation. Methods: The indirect immun-ofluorescence method with anti-GCNF antiserum was used to investigate the GCNF expression in mice at day 8, 10, 14, 17, 20, 28, 35, 70, and 420 after birth and in sperm before and after capacitation. Results: With the proceeding of spermatogenesis, GCNF was first detected in the nuclei of spermatogonia and a few early stage primary sperma-tocytes at day 8, which was increased gradually at day 10 to 14 inclusive. From day 17 to day 20, the GCNF was concentrated in round spermatids, while both spermatogonia and early stage primary spermatocytes became GCNF negative. From day 28 until day 420, strong GCNF expression was shown in round spermatids and pachytene spermatocytes, while spermatogonia, early primary spermatocytes and elongating spermatids were all GCNF negative. In addition, it was also found that GCNF was localized on the acrosomal cap region of spermatozoa and there was a big change in GCNF expression during capacitation, from 98 % GCNF positive before capacitation to about 20 % positive following capacitation. The localization of GCNF in caput and cauda spermatozoa was similar. Conclusion: GCNF may play important roles in spermatogenesis, capacitation and fertilization.
文摘To observe the histological and immunohistochemical changes caused by of Traditional Chinese Medicine——Mianbu Fang (Immunological Infertility Healing Mixture) in testis and epididymus of male mice with immunological infertility induced by antisperm antibody (AsAb). Materials & Methods Models of mice with immunological infertility were used by injection of mice sperm. These mice were treated with Mianbu Ⅰ, Mianbu Ⅱ or Prednisone Acetates. The characteristics on histology and immunohistochemistry of mice were analyzed. Results High level of AsAb was detected in serum and seminal vesicle plasma of model mice after treatment. Immune compounds mostly deposited in limiting membrane of seminiferous tubules, spermatogonium and epithelia of epididymis ducts. The number of spermatogenic cells per convoluted seminiferous tubule decreased. However, the Chinese medicine could significantly reduce the level of AsAb, or even eliminate the antibodies and clear out the immune compounds and increase the number of spermatogenic cells of seminiferous tubules. Conclusion Chinese Medicine Mianbu Ⅰand Ⅱ can regulate, absorb and clear out circulation and partial AsAb, as well as immunological compound. Hence, they can increase the number of spermatogenic cells of seminiferous tubules and increase the pregnancy of mice.
文摘Objective: To study the transforming growth factor β receptor Ⅱ (TGFβ-R Ⅱ) expression in experimental cryptorchidism and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells in rats. Methods: The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was detected by means of the terminal deoxynucleotldyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end lableling method (TUNEL) and the TGFβ-R Ⅱ expression was observed with the immunohistochemistry SABC methods. Results: There was a significant increase in the TGFβ-R Ⅱ expression in unilateral undescended testes (UUTs) compared with that in contralateral descended testes (CDTs, P<0.01). However, there was a significant and time-dependent increase in the mean apoptotic index in UUTs than in CDTs. Conclusion: TGFβ-R Ⅱ may play an important role in spermatogenic cell apoptosis.
