INTRODUCTIONIn 1976, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa and I, together with a talented group of graduate students andpost-doctoral researchers discovered conducting polymers and the ability to dope these polymers over...INTRODUCTIONIn 1976, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa and I, together with a talented group of graduate students andpost-doctoral researchers discovered conducting polymers and the ability to dope these polymers over the fullrange from insulator to metal. This was particularly exciting because it created a new field of research on theboundary between chemistry and condensed matter physics, and because it created a number of opportunities:展开更多
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-bilayered scaffolds with the same porosity or different ones on the two layers were fabricated,and the porosity effect on in vivo repairing of the osteochondral defect was examined in a comp...Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-bilayered scaffolds with the same porosity or different ones on the two layers were fabricated,and the porosity effect on in vivo repairing of the osteochondral defect was examined in a comparative way for the first time.The constructs of scaffolds and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were implanted into pre-created osteochondral defects in the femoral condyle of New Zealand white rabbits.After 12 weeks,all experimental groups exhibited good cartilage repairing according to macroscopic appearance,cross-section view,haematoxylin and eosin staining,toluidine blue staining,immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction of characteristic genes.The group of 92%porosity in the cartilage layer and 77%porosity in the bone layer resulted in the best efficacy,which was understood by more biomechanical mimicking of the natural cartilage and subchondral bone.This study illustrates unambiguously that cartilage tissue engineering allows for a wide range of scaffold porosity,yet some porosity group is optimal.It is also revealed that the biomechanical matching with the natural composite tissue should be taken into consideration in the design of practical biomaterials,which is especially important for porosities of a multi-compartment scaffold concerning connected tissues.展开更多
Precise nanomedicine has been extensively explored for efficient cancer imaging and targeted cancer therapy, as evidenced by a few breakthroughs in their preclinical and clinical explorations. Here, we demonstrate the...Precise nanomedicine has been extensively explored for efficient cancer imaging and targeted cancer therapy, as evidenced by a few breakthroughs in their preclinical and clinical explorations. Here, we demonstrate the recent advances of intelligent cancer nanomedicine, and discuss the comprehensive understanding of their structure-function relationship for smart and efficient cancer nanomedicine including various imaging and therapeutic applications, as well as nanotoxicity. In particular, a few emerging strategies that have advanced cancer nanomedicine are also highlighted as the emerging focus such as tumor imprisonment, supramolecular chemotherapy, and DNA nanorobot. The challenge and outlook of some scientific and engineering issues are also discussed in future development. We wish to highlight these new progress of precise nanomedicine with the ultimate goal to inspire more successful explorations of intelligent nanoparticles for future clinical translations.展开更多
Research and development of the ideal artificial bone-substitute materials to replace autologous and allogeneic bones for repairing bone defects is still a challenge in clinical orthopedics.Recently,poly(lactic-co-gly...Research and development of the ideal artificial bone-substitute materials to replace autologous and allogeneic bones for repairing bone defects is still a challenge in clinical orthopedics.Recently,poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)-based artificial bone-substitute materials are attracting increasing attention as the benefit of their suitable biocompatibility,degradability,mechanical properties,and capabilities to promote bone regeneration.In this article,we comprehensively review the artificial bone-substitute materials made from PLGA or the composites of PLGA and other organic and inorganic substances,elaborate on their applications for bone regeneration with or without bioactive factors,and prospect the challenges and opportunities in clinical bone regeneration.展开更多
The second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ,1000-1700 nm)window provides a superior optical platform with high resolution,deep penetration and high signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs),which results from the intrinsic low scattering and ...The second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ,1000-1700 nm)window provides a superior optical platform with high resolution,deep penetration and high signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs),which results from the intrinsic low scattering and auto fluorescence in biological tissues.As one of the promising NIR-Ⅱemitting probes,lanthanide based nanoparticles(LnNPs)exhibit high photo stability and chemostability,long photoluminescence lifetimes,low long-term cytotoxicity and narrow emission bandwidths.All these merits have spurred the evolution of related bio-optics and a variety of biomedical applications of LnNPs.This mini-review discusses the most recent advances in both the design-the composition and surface modifications-and the applications of NIR-Ⅱemitting LnNPs in bioimaging,disease diagnosis and therapy.We also summarize the current limits and challenges facing the applications of LnNPs as well as discuss the directions of future development.展开更多
Primary bile acids were reported to augment secretion of chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand16(CXCL16)from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSECs)and trigger natural killer T(NKT)cellbased immunotherapy for liver cancer.Ho...Primary bile acids were reported to augment secretion of chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand16(CXCL16)from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSECs)and trigger natural killer T(NKT)cellbased immunotherapy for liver cancer.However,abundant expression of receptors for primary bile acids across the gastrointestinal tract overwhelms the possibility of using agonists against these receptors for liver cancer control.Taking advantage of the intrinsic property of LSECs in capturing circulating nanoparticles in the circulation,we proposed a strategy using nanoemulsion-loaded obeticholic acid(OCA),a clinically approved selective farnesoid X receptor(FXR)agonist,for precisely manipulating LSECs for triggering NKT cell-mediated liver cancer immunotherapy.The OCA-nanoemulsion(OCA-NE)was prepared via ultrasonic emulsification method,with a diameter of 184 nm and good stability.In vivo biodistribution studies confirmed that the injected OCA-NE mainly accumulated in the liver and especially in LSECs and Kupffer cells.As a result,OCA-NE treatment significantly suppressed hepatic tumor growth in a murine orthotopic H22 tumor model,which performed much better than oral medication of free OCA.Immunologic analysis revealed that the OCA-NE resulted in augmented secretion of CXCL16 and IFN-g,as well as increased NKT cell populations inside the tumor.Overall,our research provides a new evidence for the antitumor effect of receptors for primary bile acids,and should inspire using nanotechnology for precisely manipulating LSECs for liver cancer therapy.展开更多
During past several years,the photovoltaic performances of organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved rapid progress with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)over 18%,demonstrating a great practical application prospect.Th...During past several years,the photovoltaic performances of organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved rapid progress with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)over 18%,demonstrating a great practical application prospect.The development of material science including conjugated polymer donors,oligomer-like organic molecule donors,fused and nonfused ring acceptors,polymer acceptors,single-component organic solar cells and water/alcohol soluble interface materials are the key research topics in OSC field.Herein,the recent progress of these aspects is systematically summarized.Meanwhile,the current problems and future development are also discussed.展开更多
AIM: To prepare chitosan-polyaspartic acid-5-fluorouracil (CTS-Pasp-5Fu) nanoparticles and investigate its anti-carcinoma effect and toxicity. METHODS: CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelatificati...AIM: To prepare chitosan-polyaspartic acid-5-fluorouracil (CTS-Pasp-5Fu) nanoparticles and investigate its anti-carcinoma effect and toxicity. METHODS: CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelatification. Male BABL/c nude mice were injected with SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cell line mass to establish a human gastric carcinoma model. They were randomly allocated into 4 groups: CTS-Pasp-5Fu (containing 5-Fu 1.25 mg/kg), 5-Fu (1.25 mg/kg), CTS-Pasp and normal saline groups. Tumor weight was measured and assay of colony forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM) was performed. The structural change of cells and tissues was observed and the Bax and Bcl-2 genes were detected. RESULTS: Compared with normal saline, the inhibition rates of tumor growth for the CTS-Pasp, 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups were 5.58%, 58.69% and 70.82%, respectively. The tumor inhibition rates for the CTS-Pasp, 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups were 5.09%, 65.3% and 72.79%, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of CFU-GMformation and increase of total bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase in the 5-Fu group, but no change in those of the other three groups. There was no change in white blood cell count and creatinine among the four groups. Pathological section of liver and nephridial tissues showed that the damage in the 5-Fu group was more severe than that in the CTS-Pasp-5Fu group. 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups could both down-regulate the Bcl-2 expression and up-regulate the Bax expression to different extent, and the accommodate effect of CTS-Pasp-5Fu was more obvious than 5-Fu. CONCLUSION: The tumor inhibition rate of CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles is much higher than that of 5-Fu alone.展开更多
A simple strategy for the synthesis of macro-mesoporous carbonaceous monolith materials has been demonstrated through an organic organic self-assembly at the interface of an organic scaffold such as polyurethane(PU)fo...A simple strategy for the synthesis of macro-mesoporous carbonaceous monolith materials has been demonstrated through an organic organic self-assembly at the interface of an organic scaffold such as polyurethane(PU)foam.Hierarchically porous carbonaceous monoliths with cubic(Im m)or hexagonal(p6mm)mesostructure were prepared through evaporation induced self-assembly of the mesostructure on the three-dimensional(3-D)interconnecting struts of the PU foam scaffold.The preparation was carried out by using phenol/formaldehyde resol as a carbon precursor,triblock copolymer F127 as a template for the mesostructure and PU foam as a sacrificial monolithic scaffold.Their hierarchical pore system was macroscopically fabricated with cable-like mesostructured carbonaceous struts.The carbonaceous monoliths exhibit macropores of diameter 100450μm,adjustable uniform mesopores(3.87.5 nm),high surface areas(200870 m2/g),and large pore volumes(0.170.58)cm3/g.Compared with the corresponding evaporation induced self-assembly(EISA)process on a planar substrate,this facile process is a time-saving,labor-saving,space-saving,and highly effi cient pathway for mass production of ordered mesoporous materials.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)or its alloys are widely tested as potential orthopedic implants,particularly as biodegradable alloys for fracture fixation due to their mechanical properties are close to those of bone.Currently,availabl...Magnesium(Mg)or its alloys are widely tested as potential orthopedic implants,particularly as biodegradable alloys for fracture fixation due to their mechanical properties are close to those of bone.Currently,available Mg or its alloys are confronted with challenges in passing regulatory biosafety tests prior to clinical trials due to its fast degradation and associated degradation products.The degradation of Mg is accompanied by the release of Mg ions,the rise of pH and osmolality in surrounding environments.According to the standard of ISO 10993 Part 13,the pH value shall be appropriate to the site of intended use maintaining in an appropriate range.Approaches to overcome these challenges include the selection of adequate alloying elements,proper surface treatment techniques and control of the degradation rate of Mg or its alloys developed as orthopedic implants.To date,Mg or its alloy-based bone implants have not yet been widely used in clinical applications as medical implants.This review critically summarized published methods to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg and its alloys.The current progress on in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility properties of these metals was also reviewed.This review aimed to provide a reference for further research and development(R&D)of biodegradable Mg and its alloys with regard to the evaluation of their corrosion process and biocompatibility and facilitation of their translation to clinical applications.展开更多
Hollow TiO2-x porous microspheres consisted of numerous well-crystalline nanocrystals with superior structural integrity and robust hollow interior were synthesized by a facile sol-gel template-assisted approach and t...Hollow TiO2-x porous microspheres consisted of numerous well-crystalline nanocrystals with superior structural integrity and robust hollow interior were synthesized by a facile sol-gel template-assisted approach and two-step carbonprotected calcination method, together with hydrogenation treatment. They exhibit a uniform diameter of -470 nm with a thin porous wall shell of -50 nm in thickness. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） surface area and pore volume are -19 m2/g and 0.07 crnB/g, respectively. These hollow TiOR_x porous microspheres demonstrated excellent lithium storage performance with stable capacity retention for over 300 cycles （a high capacity of 151 mAh/g can be obtained up to 300 cycles at I C, retaining 81.6% of the initial capacity of 185 mAh/g） and enhanced rate capability even up to 10 C （222, 192, 121, and 92.1 mAh/g at current rates of 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 C, respectively）. The intrinsic increased conductivity of the hydrogenated TiO2 microspheres and their robust hollow structure benefidal for lithium ion-electron diffusion and mitigating the structural strain synergistically contribute to the remarkable improvements in their cycling stability and rate performance.展开更多
Biomedical polymers have been extensively developed for promising applications in a lot of biomedical fields, such as therapeutic medicine delivery, disease detection and diagnosis, biosensing, regenerative medicine, ...Biomedical polymers have been extensively developed for promising applications in a lot of biomedical fields, such as therapeutic medicine delivery, disease detection and diagnosis, biosensing, regenerative medicine, and disease treatment. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the synthesis and application of biomedical polymers, and discuss the comprehensive understanding of their property-function relationship for corresponding biomedical applications. In particular, a few burgeoning bioactive polymers, such as peptide/biomembrane/microorganism/cell-based biomedical polymers, are also introduced and highlighted as the emerging biomaterials for cancer precision therapy. Furthermore, the foreseeable challenges and outlook of the development of more efficient, healthier and safer biomedical polymers are discussed. We wish this systemic and comprehensive review on highlighting frontier progress of biomedical polymers could inspire and promote new breakthrough in fundamental research and clinical translation.展开更多
Nd doped nanoparticles is commonly used as bioimaging agents but presents poor stability. Here, a polymer coating is applied to NaYF4：Nd nanoparticles using a versatile step-by-step coating strategy. The as-synthesiz...Nd doped nanoparticles is commonly used as bioimaging agents but presents poor stability. Here, a polymer coating is applied to NaYF4：Nd nanoparticles using a versatile step-by-step coating strategy. The as-synthesized NaYF_4：Nd@NaLuF_4@SiO_2@PS colloids show good stability in various polar solvent and are very stable in water at least for 6 months. These NaYF_4：Nd@NaLuF_4@SiO_2@PS colloids can exhibit strong down converting photoluminescence when excited by 808 nm lasers. Moreover, these NaYF_4：Nd@NaLuF_4@SiO_2@PS colloids accumulate in liver of mice when used as bio-imaging agents. which exhibit strong fluorescence luminescence in NIR Ⅱ window.展开更多
Pitting is a common type of localized corrosion in passive alloys that can cause rapid failure of material or equipment.In the case of stainless steels,non-metallic inclusions have been identified as the most suscepti...Pitting is a common type of localized corrosion in passive alloys that can cause rapid failure of material or equipment.In the case of stainless steels,non-metallic inclusions have been identified as the most susceptible sites for pitting,and have therefore garnered significant attention.This review critically ex-amines the issue of how inclusions induce pitting,with a particular focus on three mechanisms:sponta-neous dissolution of inclusions,active dissolution of Cr-depleted regions,and propagation of microcracks at the inclusion-matrix interface.While researchers have made significant strides in understanding these mechanisms over the past few decades,many gaps and controversies remain.Details such as the ini-tial driving force of inclusion dissolution and factors affecting Cr-depleted regions require further study.Moreover,some old concepts and methods need to be revised to arrive at more credible conclusions.This review aims to delve deeply into these important issues and provide inspiration for future research.展开更多
The blood–brain barrier(BBB) and the blood–brain tumor barrier(BBTB) prevent drug and nano-drug delivery systems from entering the brain. However, ligand-mediated nano-drug delivery systems have significantly enhanc...The blood–brain barrier(BBB) and the blood–brain tumor barrier(BBTB) prevent drug and nano-drug delivery systems from entering the brain. However, ligand-mediated nano-drug delivery systems have significantly enhanced the therapeutic treatment of glioma. In this study we investigated the mechanism especially the integrity of liposomes and lipid disks while traversing the BBB and BBTB both in vitro and in vivo. Fluorophores(DiO, DiI and DiD) were loaded into liposomes and lipid disks to form F?rster resonance energy transfer(FRET) nano-drug delivery systems. Using brain capillary endothelial cells as a BBB model, we show that liposomes and disks are present in the cytoplasm as their intact forms and traverse the BBB with a ratio of 0.68‰ and 1.67‰, respectively. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells as BBTB model, liposomes and disks remained intact and traversed the BBTB with a ratio of 2.31‰and 8.32‰ at 3 h. Ex vivo imaging and immunohistochemical results revealed that liposomes and disks could traverse the BBB and BBTB in vivo as intact forms. In conclusion, these observations explain in part the mechanism by which nano-drug delivery systems increase the therapeutic treatment of glioma.展开更多
Surgery remains the standard treatment for spinal metastasis.However,uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding poses a significant challenge for adequate surgical resection and compromises surgical outcomes.In this study,w...Surgery remains the standard treatment for spinal metastasis.However,uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding poses a significant challenge for adequate surgical resection and compromises surgical outcomes.In this study,we develop a thrombin(Thr)-loaded nanorobothydrogel hybrid superstructure by incorporating nanorobots into regenerated silk fibroin nanofibril hydrogels.This superstructure with superior thixotropic properties is injected percutaneously and dispersed into the spinal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with easy bleeding characteristics,before spinal surgery in a mouse model.Under near-infrared irradiation,the self-motile nanorobots penetrate into the deep spinal tumor,releasing Thr in a controlled manner.Thr-induced thrombosis effectively blocks the tumor vasculature and reduces bleeding,inhibiting tumor growth and postoperative recurrence with Au nanorod-mediated photothermal therapy.Our minimally invasive treatment platform provides a novel preoperative therapeutic strategy for HCC spinal metastasis effectively controlling intraoperative bleeding and tumor growth,with potentially reduced surgical complications and enhanced operative outcomes.展开更多
Magnetic yolk-shell structured anatase-based microspheres were fabricated through successive and facile sol-gel coating on magnetite particles, followed by annealing treatments. Upon loading with gold nanoparticles, t...Magnetic yolk-shell structured anatase-based microspheres were fabricated through successive and facile sol-gel coating on magnetite particles, followed by annealing treatments. Upon loading with gold nanoparticles, the obtained functional magnetic microspheres as heterogeneous catalysts showed superior performance in catalyzing the epoxidation of styrene with extraordinary high conversion （89.5%） and selectivity （90.8%） towards styrene oxide. It is believed that the construction process of these fascinating materials features many implications for creating other functional nanocomposites.展开更多
In recent years,as a new class of two-dimensional polymer,covalent organic frameworks（COFs） have attracted intensive attention and developed rapidly.This review provides an overview of a type of COFs which can be ut...In recent years,as a new class of two-dimensional polymer,covalent organic frameworks（COFs） have attracted intensive attention and developed rapidly.This review provides an overview of a type of COFs which can be utilized as organic semiconductors.Carefully choosing monomers as the building blocks will bestow different types of semiconducting character on COFs.We summarize the p-type,n-type and ambipolar semiconducting COFs and highlight the effects of π-functional building blocks on the photoconductive behaviors of the semiconducting COFs.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed the transformative impact from the integration of artificial intelligence with organic and polymer synthesis. This synergy offers innovative and intelligent solutions to a range of classic ...Recent years have witnessed the transformative impact from the integration of artificial intelligence with organic and polymer synthesis. This synergy offers innovative and intelligent solutions to a range of classic problems in synthetic chemistry. These exciting advancements include the prediction of molecular property, multi-step retrosynthetic pathway planning, elucidation of the structure-performance relationship of single-step transformation, establishment of the quantitative linkage between polymer structures and their functions, design and optimization of polymerization process, prediction of the structure and sequence of biological macromolecules, as well as automated and intelligent synthesis platforms. Chemists can now explore synthetic chemistry with unprecedented precision and efficiency, creating novel reactions, catalysts, and polymer materials under the datadriven paradigm. Despite these thrilling developments, the field of artificial intelligence(AI) synthetic chemistry is still in its infancy, facing challenges and limitations in terms of data openness, model interpretability, as well as software and hardware support. This review aims to provide an overview of the current progress, key challenges, and future development suggestions in the interdisciplinary field between AI and synthetic chemistry. It is hoped that this overview will offer readers a comprehensive understanding of this emerging field, inspiring and promoting further scientific research and development.展开更多
With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,it is much desired to establish bioimaging techniques to monitor the real-time regeneration efficacy in vivo in a non-invasive way.Herein,we tried m...With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,it is much desired to establish bioimaging techniques to monitor the real-time regeneration efficacy in vivo in a non-invasive way.Herein,we tried magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to evaluate knee cartilage regeneration after implanting a biomaterial scaffold seeded with chondrocytes,namely,matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation(MACI).After summary of the T2 mapping and the T1-related delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI imaging of cartilage(dGEMRIC)in vitro and in vivo in the literature,these two MRI techniques were tried clinically.In this study,18 patients were followed up for 1 year.It was found that there was a significant difference between the regeneration site and the neighboring normal site(control),and the difference gradually diminished with regeneration time up to 1 year according to both the quantitative T1 and T2 MRI methods.We further established the correlation between the quantitative evaluation of MRI and the clinical Lysholm scores for the first time.Hence,the MRI technique was confirmed to be a feasible semiquantitative yet non-invasive way to evaluate the in vivo regeneration of knee articular cartilage.展开更多
基金The copyright of this paper is owned by the Nobel Foundation.
文摘INTRODUCTIONIn 1976, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa and I, together with a talented group of graduate students andpost-doctoral researchers discovered conducting polymers and the ability to dope these polymers over the fullrange from insulator to metal. This was particularly exciting because it created a new field of research on theboundary between chemistry and condensed matter physics, and because it created a number of opportunities:
基金This work was supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(973 Programs No.2009CB930000 and No.2011CB606203)National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21034002,31170925,and 51273046)+1 种基金Science and Technology Developing Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.13XD1401000)Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Program(No.11540702700).
文摘Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-bilayered scaffolds with the same porosity or different ones on the two layers were fabricated,and the porosity effect on in vivo repairing of the osteochondral defect was examined in a comparative way for the first time.The constructs of scaffolds and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were implanted into pre-created osteochondral defects in the femoral condyle of New Zealand white rabbits.After 12 weeks,all experimental groups exhibited good cartilage repairing according to macroscopic appearance,cross-section view,haematoxylin and eosin staining,toluidine blue staining,immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction of characteristic genes.The group of 92%porosity in the cartilage layer and 77%porosity in the bone layer resulted in the best efficacy,which was understood by more biomechanical mimicking of the natural cartilage and subchondral bone.This study illustrates unambiguously that cartilage tissue engineering allows for a wide range of scaffold porosity,yet some porosity group is optimal.It is also revealed that the biomechanical matching with the natural composite tissue should be taken into consideration in the design of practical biomaterials,which is especially important for porosities of a multi-compartment scaffold concerning connected tissues.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11621505, 11435002, 31671016)
文摘Precise nanomedicine has been extensively explored for efficient cancer imaging and targeted cancer therapy, as evidenced by a few breakthroughs in their preclinical and clinical explorations. Here, we demonstrate the recent advances of intelligent cancer nanomedicine, and discuss the comprehensive understanding of their structure-function relationship for smart and efficient cancer nanomedicine including various imaging and therapeutic applications, as well as nanotoxicity. In particular, a few emerging strategies that have advanced cancer nanomedicine are also highlighted as the emerging focus such as tumor imprisonment, supramolecular chemotherapy, and DNA nanorobot. The challenge and outlook of some scientific and engineering issues are also discussed in future development. We wish to highlight these new progress of precise nanomedicine with the ultimate goal to inspire more successful explorations of intelligent nanoparticles for future clinical translations.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51973216,51873207,51803006,and 51833010)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(Grant No.20200404182YY)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2019005)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing(Wuhan University of Technology)(Grant No.2020-KF-5).
文摘Research and development of the ideal artificial bone-substitute materials to replace autologous and allogeneic bones for repairing bone defects is still a challenge in clinical orthopedics.Recently,poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)-based artificial bone-substitute materials are attracting increasing attention as the benefit of their suitable biocompatibility,degradability,mechanical properties,and capabilities to promote bone regeneration.In this article,we comprehensively review the artificial bone-substitute materials made from PLGA or the composites of PLGA and other organic and inorganic substances,elaborate on their applications for bone regeneration with or without bioactive factors,and prospect the challenges and opportunities in clinical bone regeneration.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0207303)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(21725502)+1 种基金Key Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(17JC1400100)Intergovernmental International Cooperation Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19490713100)。
文摘The second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ,1000-1700 nm)window provides a superior optical platform with high resolution,deep penetration and high signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs),which results from the intrinsic low scattering and auto fluorescence in biological tissues.As one of the promising NIR-Ⅱemitting probes,lanthanide based nanoparticles(LnNPs)exhibit high photo stability and chemostability,long photoluminescence lifetimes,low long-term cytotoxicity and narrow emission bandwidths.All these merits have spurred the evolution of related bio-optics and a variety of biomedical applications of LnNPs.This mini-review discusses the most recent advances in both the design-the composition and surface modifications-and the applications of NIR-Ⅱemitting LnNPs in bioimaging,disease diagnosis and therapy.We also summarize the current limits and challenges facing the applications of LnNPs as well as discuss the directions of future development.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51673189,51973215,51833010and 51520105004)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Project 2018ZX09711003-012)+1 种基金the Program of Scientific Development of Jilin Province(20170101100JC,20180520207JH,20190103112JH,China)supported by NIH grant CA198999(USA)
文摘Primary bile acids were reported to augment secretion of chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand16(CXCL16)from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSECs)and trigger natural killer T(NKT)cellbased immunotherapy for liver cancer.However,abundant expression of receptors for primary bile acids across the gastrointestinal tract overwhelms the possibility of using agonists against these receptors for liver cancer control.Taking advantage of the intrinsic property of LSECs in capturing circulating nanoparticles in the circulation,we proposed a strategy using nanoemulsion-loaded obeticholic acid(OCA),a clinically approved selective farnesoid X receptor(FXR)agonist,for precisely manipulating LSECs for triggering NKT cell-mediated liver cancer immunotherapy.The OCA-nanoemulsion(OCA-NE)was prepared via ultrasonic emulsification method,with a diameter of 184 nm and good stability.In vivo biodistribution studies confirmed that the injected OCA-NE mainly accumulated in the liver and especially in LSECs and Kupffer cells.As a result,OCA-NE treatment significantly suppressed hepatic tumor growth in a murine orthotopic H22 tumor model,which performed much better than oral medication of free OCA.Immunologic analysis revealed that the OCA-NE resulted in augmented secretion of CXCL16 and IFN-g,as well as increased NKT cell populations inside the tumor.Overall,our research provides a new evidence for the antitumor effect of receptors for primary bile acids,and should inspire using nanotechnology for precisely manipulating LSECs for liver cancer therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51933001,22109080,21734009,52173174)。
文摘During past several years,the photovoltaic performances of organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved rapid progress with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)over 18%,demonstrating a great practical application prospect.The development of material science including conjugated polymer donors,oligomer-like organic molecule donors,fused and nonfused ring acceptors,polymer acceptors,single-component organic solar cells and water/alcohol soluble interface materials are the key research topics in OSC field.Herein,the recent progress of these aspects is systematically summarized.Meanwhile,the current problems and future development are also discussed.
基金Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, No. 0452nm065
文摘AIM: To prepare chitosan-polyaspartic acid-5-fluorouracil (CTS-Pasp-5Fu) nanoparticles and investigate its anti-carcinoma effect and toxicity. METHODS: CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelatification. Male BABL/c nude mice were injected with SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cell line mass to establish a human gastric carcinoma model. They were randomly allocated into 4 groups: CTS-Pasp-5Fu (containing 5-Fu 1.25 mg/kg), 5-Fu (1.25 mg/kg), CTS-Pasp and normal saline groups. Tumor weight was measured and assay of colony forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM) was performed. The structural change of cells and tissues was observed and the Bax and Bcl-2 genes were detected. RESULTS: Compared with normal saline, the inhibition rates of tumor growth for the CTS-Pasp, 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups were 5.58%, 58.69% and 70.82%, respectively. The tumor inhibition rates for the CTS-Pasp, 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups were 5.09%, 65.3% and 72.79%, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of CFU-GMformation and increase of total bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase in the 5-Fu group, but no change in those of the other three groups. There was no change in white blood cell count and creatinine among the four groups. Pathological section of liver and nephridial tissues showed that the damage in the 5-Fu group was more severe than that in the CTS-Pasp-5Fu group. 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups could both down-regulate the Bcl-2 expression and up-regulate the Bax expression to different extent, and the accommodate effect of CTS-Pasp-5Fu was more obvious than 5-Fu. CONCLUSION: The tumor inhibition rate of CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles is much higher than that of 5-Fu alone.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20721063,20890123,and 20521140450)the State Key Basic Research Program of China(2006CB932302 and 2006CB202502)+1 种基金Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B108)the Graduate Student Innovation Foundation of Fudan University(EYH1615047).
文摘A simple strategy for the synthesis of macro-mesoporous carbonaceous monolith materials has been demonstrated through an organic organic self-assembly at the interface of an organic scaffold such as polyurethane(PU)foam.Hierarchically porous carbonaceous monoliths with cubic(Im m)or hexagonal(p6mm)mesostructure were prepared through evaporation induced self-assembly of the mesostructure on the three-dimensional(3-D)interconnecting struts of the PU foam scaffold.The preparation was carried out by using phenol/formaldehyde resol as a carbon precursor,triblock copolymer F127 as a template for the mesostructure and PU foam as a sacrificial monolithic scaffold.Their hierarchical pore system was macroscopically fabricated with cable-like mesostructured carbonaceous struts.The carbonaceous monoliths exhibit macropores of diameter 100450μm,adjustable uniform mesopores(3.87.5 nm),high surface areas(200870 m2/g),and large pore volumes(0.170.58)cm3/g.Compared with the corresponding evaporation induced self-assembly(EISA)process on a planar substrate,this facile process is a time-saving,labor-saving,space-saving,and highly effi cient pathway for mass production of ordered mesoporous materials.
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Youth 863 Program,Project No.2015AA020935)National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(Project No.51573206)+1 种基金Shenzhen Fundamental Research Foundation(Project No.JCYJ20150731154850925,JCYJ20150521144321001,JSGG20151030140325149,CXZZ20150529144128031)Hong Kong GRF(CUHK No.14140816).
文摘Magnesium(Mg)or its alloys are widely tested as potential orthopedic implants,particularly as biodegradable alloys for fracture fixation due to their mechanical properties are close to those of bone.Currently,available Mg or its alloys are confronted with challenges in passing regulatory biosafety tests prior to clinical trials due to its fast degradation and associated degradation products.The degradation of Mg is accompanied by the release of Mg ions,the rise of pH and osmolality in surrounding environments.According to the standard of ISO 10993 Part 13,the pH value shall be appropriate to the site of intended use maintaining in an appropriate range.Approaches to overcome these challenges include the selection of adequate alloying elements,proper surface treatment techniques and control of the degradation rate of Mg or its alloys developed as orthopedic implants.To date,Mg or its alloy-based bone implants have not yet been widely used in clinical applications as medical implants.This review critically summarized published methods to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg and its alloys.The current progress on in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility properties of these metals was also reviewed.This review aimed to provide a reference for further research and development(R&D)of biodegradable Mg and its alloys with regard to the evaluation of their corrosion process and biocompatibility and facilitation of their translation to clinical applications.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （Nos. 2012CB224805 and 2013CB934104）, Shanghai Sci. ＆ Tech. Committee （No. 14JC1400700）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21210004, 51372041, 51422202 and U1463206）, the innovation program （No. 13ZZ004）, the ＂Shu Guang＂ Project （No. 13SG02） supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Qatar University startup grant # QUSG-CAS-MST-14／15-1, and National Youth Top Talent Support Program of National High-level Personnel of Special Support Program. We extend our appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding the work through the research group project No RGP-227.
文摘Hollow TiO2-x porous microspheres consisted of numerous well-crystalline nanocrystals with superior structural integrity and robust hollow interior were synthesized by a facile sol-gel template-assisted approach and two-step carbonprotected calcination method, together with hydrogenation treatment. They exhibit a uniform diameter of -470 nm with a thin porous wall shell of -50 nm in thickness. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） surface area and pore volume are -19 m2/g and 0.07 crnB/g, respectively. These hollow TiOR_x porous microspheres demonstrated excellent lithium storage performance with stable capacity retention for over 300 cycles （a high capacity of 151 mAh/g can be obtained up to 300 cycles at I C, retaining 81.6% of the initial capacity of 185 mAh/g） and enhanced rate capability even up to 10 C （222, 192, 121, and 92.1 mAh/g at current rates of 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 C, respectively）. The intrinsic increased conductivity of the hydrogenated TiO2 microspheres and their robust hollow structure benefidal for lithium ion-electron diffusion and mitigating the structural strain synergistically contribute to the remarkable improvements in their cycling stability and rate performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52073218, 22135005, 51873162, 51933006,51988102, 52122310, 22075050, 51833008, 51733006, 51733001,52122304)Jiangsu Province Science Foundation for Youths(BK20200241)+3 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20JC1414902, 21511104900)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2017-01-07-00-07-E00062)the National Key Research and Development Program (2021YFA1201200) of Chinathe Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2020C01123)。
文摘Biomedical polymers have been extensively developed for promising applications in a lot of biomedical fields, such as therapeutic medicine delivery, disease detection and diagnosis, biosensing, regenerative medicine, and disease treatment. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the synthesis and application of biomedical polymers, and discuss the comprehensive understanding of their property-function relationship for corresponding biomedical applications. In particular, a few burgeoning bioactive polymers, such as peptide/biomembrane/microorganism/cell-based biomedical polymers, are also introduced and highlighted as the emerging biomaterials for cancer precision therapy. Furthermore, the foreseeable challenges and outlook of the development of more efficient, healthier and safer biomedical polymers are discussed. We wish this systemic and comprehensive review on highlighting frontier progress of biomedical polymers could inspire and promote new breakthrough in fundamental research and clinical translation.
基金Project supported by the State Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB931800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21231004,21375024)
文摘Nd doped nanoparticles is commonly used as bioimaging agents but presents poor stability. Here, a polymer coating is applied to NaYF4：Nd nanoparticles using a versatile step-by-step coating strategy. The as-synthesized NaYF_4：Nd@NaLuF_4@SiO_2@PS colloids show good stability in various polar solvent and are very stable in water at least for 6 months. These NaYF_4：Nd@NaLuF_4@SiO_2@PS colloids can exhibit strong down converting photoluminescence when excited by 808 nm lasers. Moreover, these NaYF_4：Nd@NaLuF_4@SiO_2@PS colloids accumulate in liver of mice when used as bio-imaging agents. which exhibit strong fluorescence luminescence in NIR Ⅱ window.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271053 and 52271096)'the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.23QA1400500)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001).
文摘Pitting is a common type of localized corrosion in passive alloys that can cause rapid failure of material or equipment.In the case of stainless steels,non-metallic inclusions have been identified as the most susceptible sites for pitting,and have therefore garnered significant attention.This review critically ex-amines the issue of how inclusions induce pitting,with a particular focus on three mechanisms:sponta-neous dissolution of inclusions,active dissolution of Cr-depleted regions,and propagation of microcracks at the inclusion-matrix interface.While researchers have made significant strides in understanding these mechanisms over the past few decades,many gaps and controversies remain.Details such as the ini-tial driving force of inclusion dissolution and factors affecting Cr-depleted regions require further study.Moreover,some old concepts and methods need to be revised to arrive at more credible conclusions.This review aims to delve deeply into these important issues and provide inspiration for future research.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (No.2017M611464)National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2013CB932500)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81773657, 81690263 and 81473149)Shanghai Education Commission Major Project (2017-01-07-00-07E00052)Shanghai International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (No. 16430723800)
文摘The blood–brain barrier(BBB) and the blood–brain tumor barrier(BBTB) prevent drug and nano-drug delivery systems from entering the brain. However, ligand-mediated nano-drug delivery systems have significantly enhanced the therapeutic treatment of glioma. In this study we investigated the mechanism especially the integrity of liposomes and lipid disks while traversing the BBB and BBTB both in vitro and in vivo. Fluorophores(DiO, DiI and DiD) were loaded into liposomes and lipid disks to form F?rster resonance energy transfer(FRET) nano-drug delivery systems. Using brain capillary endothelial cells as a BBB model, we show that liposomes and disks are present in the cytoplasm as their intact forms and traverse the BBB with a ratio of 0.68‰ and 1.67‰, respectively. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells as BBTB model, liposomes and disks remained intact and traversed the BBTB with a ratio of 2.31‰and 8.32‰ at 3 h. Ex vivo imaging and immunohistochemical results revealed that liposomes and disks could traverse the BBB and BBTB in vivo as intact forms. In conclusion, these observations explain in part the mechanism by which nano-drug delivery systems increase the therapeutic treatment of glioma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52103171,82172738,82272457,22305044)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730638)+3 种基金“Technology Innovation Action Plan”of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21S11902700)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21ZR1412300),Shanghai Science and Technology program(23Y31900202,23010502600)Shanghai“Rising Stars of Medical Talent”Youth Development Program(Youth Medical Talents-Specialist Program,[2020]087)Medical Engineering fund of Fudan University(yg2023-27).
文摘Surgery remains the standard treatment for spinal metastasis.However,uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding poses a significant challenge for adequate surgical resection and compromises surgical outcomes.In this study,we develop a thrombin(Thr)-loaded nanorobothydrogel hybrid superstructure by incorporating nanorobots into regenerated silk fibroin nanofibril hydrogels.This superstructure with superior thixotropic properties is injected percutaneously and dispersed into the spinal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with easy bleeding characteristics,before spinal surgery in a mouse model.Under near-infrared irradiation,the self-motile nanorobots penetrate into the deep spinal tumor,releasing Thr in a controlled manner.Thr-induced thrombosis effectively blocks the tumor vasculature and reduces bleeding,inhibiting tumor growth and postoperative recurrence with Au nanorod-mediated photothermal therapy.Our minimally invasive treatment platform provides a novel preoperative therapeutic strategy for HCC spinal metastasis effectively controlling intraoperative bleeding and tumor growth,with potentially reduced surgical complications and enhanced operative outcomes.
文摘Magnetic yolk-shell structured anatase-based microspheres were fabricated through successive and facile sol-gel coating on magnetite particles, followed by annealing treatments. Upon loading with gold nanoparticles, the obtained functional magnetic microspheres as heterogeneous catalysts showed superior performance in catalyzing the epoxidation of styrene with extraordinary high conversion （89.5%） and selectivity （90.8%） towards styrene oxide. It is believed that the construction process of these fascinating materials features many implications for creating other functional nanocomposites.
基金the support from National Program for Thousand Young Talents of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21544001)Fudan University
文摘In recent years,as a new class of two-dimensional polymer,covalent organic frameworks（COFs） have attracted intensive attention and developed rapidly.This review provides an overview of a type of COFs which can be utilized as organic semiconductors.Carefully choosing monomers as the building blocks will bestow different types of semiconducting character on COFs.We summarize the p-type,n-type and ambipolar semiconducting COFs and highlight the effects of π-functional building blocks on the photoconductive behaviors of the semiconducting COFs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22393890, You SL22393891 and 22031006,Luo S+16 种基金2203300, Pei J22371052, Chen M21991132, 21925102,92056118, and 22331003, Zhang WB22331002 and 22125101, Lu H22071004, Mo F22393892 and 22071249, Liao K22122109 and22271253, Hong X)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1205103, Pei J2020YFA0908100 and 2023YFF1204401, Zhang WB2022YFA1504301, Hong X)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LDQ23B020002, Hong X)the Starry Night Science Fund of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study (SNZJU-SIAS-006, Hong X)the CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team (JCTD-2021-11, Hong X)Shenzhen Medical Research Fund (B2302037, Zhang WB)Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMSCXXM-202006, Zhang WB)the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers (Chen M)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations and National Science&Technology Fundamental Resource Investigation Program of China (2023YFA1500008, Luo S)。
文摘Recent years have witnessed the transformative impact from the integration of artificial intelligence with organic and polymer synthesis. This synergy offers innovative and intelligent solutions to a range of classic problems in synthetic chemistry. These exciting advancements include the prediction of molecular property, multi-step retrosynthetic pathway planning, elucidation of the structure-performance relationship of single-step transformation, establishment of the quantitative linkage between polymer structures and their functions, design and optimization of polymerization process, prediction of the structure and sequence of biological macromolecules, as well as automated and intelligent synthesis platforms. Chemists can now explore synthetic chemistry with unprecedented precision and efficiency, creating novel reactions, catalysts, and polymer materials under the datadriven paradigm. Despite these thrilling developments, the field of artificial intelligence(AI) synthetic chemistry is still in its infancy, facing challenges and limitations in terms of data openness, model interpretability, as well as software and hardware support. This review aims to provide an overview of the current progress, key challenges, and future development suggestions in the interdisciplinary field between AI and synthetic chemistry. It is hoped that this overview will offer readers a comprehensive understanding of this emerging field, inspiring and promoting further scientific research and development.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2018YFC1105900,2016YFC1100300 and 2016YFC1103203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.21961160721).
文摘With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,it is much desired to establish bioimaging techniques to monitor the real-time regeneration efficacy in vivo in a non-invasive way.Herein,we tried magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to evaluate knee cartilage regeneration after implanting a biomaterial scaffold seeded with chondrocytes,namely,matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation(MACI).After summary of the T2 mapping and the T1-related delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI imaging of cartilage(dGEMRIC)in vitro and in vivo in the literature,these two MRI techniques were tried clinically.In this study,18 patients were followed up for 1 year.It was found that there was a significant difference between the regeneration site and the neighboring normal site(control),and the difference gradually diminished with regeneration time up to 1 year according to both the quantitative T1 and T2 MRI methods.We further established the correlation between the quantitative evaluation of MRI and the clinical Lysholm scores for the first time.Hence,the MRI technique was confirmed to be a feasible semiquantitative yet non-invasive way to evaluate the in vivo regeneration of knee articular cartilage.
