The paper presents the findings of an experimental study on the microwave synthesis (MW) of inulin acetateand its possible application as bio-additive in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The obtained inulin acetate has bee...The paper presents the findings of an experimental study on the microwave synthesis (MW) of inulin acetateand its possible application as bio-additive in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The obtained inulin acetate has beenidentified and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Advantages of the MW compared with the conventionalsynthesis were defined. In order to evaluate possible application of the product as bio-based additive forpolymers, effect of the inulin ester on PVC behavior and characteristics has been investigated by differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC) and deformation upon extension. Experimental results show that in concentrationrange up to 30.0 wt. % the inulin ester influences positively the properties of PVC causing effect similar toplasticizing one. At concentration over 30 wt.% the ester shows more specific behavior, which will be furtherinvestigated. Conclusions about potential application of MW synthesized inulin acetate as bio-based additive forPVC have been drawn.展开更多
The formation of secondary Ln（III） solid phases （e.g., Nd2（CO3）3 and Sm2（CO3）3） was studied as a function of the humic acid concentration in 0.1 mol/L NaClO4 aqueous solution in the neutral pH range （5–6.5）...The formation of secondary Ln（III） solid phases （e.g., Nd2（CO3）3 and Sm2（CO3）3） was studied as a function of the humic acid concentration in 0.1 mol/L NaClO4 aqueous solution in the neutral pH range （5–6.5）. The solid phases under investigation were prepared by alkaline precipitation under 100% CO2 atmosphere and characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR-FTIR）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy （TRLFS）, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible （DR-UV-Vis）, Raman spectroscopy, and solubility measurements. The spectroscopic data obtained indicated that Nd2（CO3）3 and Sm2（CO3）3 were stable and remained the solubility limiting solid phases even in the presence of increased humic acid concentration （0.5 g/L） in solution. Upon base addition in the Ln（III）-HA system, decomplexation of the previously formed Ln（III）-humate complexes and precipitation of two distinct phases occurred, the inorganic （Ln2（CO3）3） and the organic phase （HA）, which was adsorbed on the particle surface of the former. Nevertheless, humic acid affected the particle size of the solid phases. Increasing humic acid concentration resulted in decreasing crystallite size of the Nd2（CO3）3 and increasing crystallite size of the Sm2（CO3）3 solid phase, and affected inversely the solubility of the solid phases. However, this impact on the solid phase properties was expected to be of minor relevance regarding the chemical behavior and migration of trivalent lanthanides and actinides in the geosphere.展开更多
Many practical systems in natural and social sciences can be described by dynamical networks. Day by day we have measured and accumulated huge amounts of data from these networks, which can be used by us to further ou...Many practical systems in natural and social sciences can be described by dynamical networks. Day by day we have measured and accumulated huge amounts of data from these networks, which can be used by us to further our understanding of the world. The structures of the networks producing these data are often unknown. Consequently, understanding the structures of these networks from available data turns to be one of the central issues in interdisciplinary fields, which is called the network recon- struction problem. In this paper, we considered problems of network reconstructions using partially available data and some situations where data availabilities are not sufficient for conventional network reconstructions. Furthermore, we proposed to infer subnetwork with data of the subnetwork available only and other nodes of the entire network hidden; to depict group-group interactions in networks with averages of groups of node variables available; and to perform network reconstructions with known data of node variables only when networks are driven by both unknown internal fast-varying noises and unknown external slowly-varying signals. All these situations are expected to be common in practical systems and the methods and results may be useful for real world applications.展开更多
文摘The paper presents the findings of an experimental study on the microwave synthesis (MW) of inulin acetateand its possible application as bio-additive in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The obtained inulin acetate has beenidentified and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Advantages of the MW compared with the conventionalsynthesis were defined. In order to evaluate possible application of the product as bio-based additive forpolymers, effect of the inulin ester on PVC behavior and characteristics has been investigated by differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC) and deformation upon extension. Experimental results show that in concentrationrange up to 30.0 wt. % the inulin ester influences positively the properties of PVC causing effect similar toplasticizing one. At concentration over 30 wt.% the ester shows more specific behavior, which will be furtherinvestigated. Conclusions about potential application of MW synthesized inulin acetate as bio-based additive forPVC have been drawn.
基金Project supported by the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation (ΠΕΝΕΚ/ΕΝΙΣΧ/0308/05 and ΠΡΟΣΒΑΣΗ/ΕΡΥΕΞ/0308/02)
文摘The formation of secondary Ln（III） solid phases （e.g., Nd2（CO3）3 and Sm2（CO3）3） was studied as a function of the humic acid concentration in 0.1 mol/L NaClO4 aqueous solution in the neutral pH range （5–6.5）. The solid phases under investigation were prepared by alkaline precipitation under 100% CO2 atmosphere and characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR-FTIR）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy （TRLFS）, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible （DR-UV-Vis）, Raman spectroscopy, and solubility measurements. The spectroscopic data obtained indicated that Nd2（CO3）3 and Sm2（CO3）3 were stable and remained the solubility limiting solid phases even in the presence of increased humic acid concentration （0.5 g/L） in solution. Upon base addition in the Ln（III）-HA system, decomplexation of the previously formed Ln（III）-humate complexes and precipitation of two distinct phases occurred, the inorganic （Ln2（CO3）3） and the organic phase （HA）, which was adsorbed on the particle surface of the former. Nevertheless, humic acid affected the particle size of the solid phases. Increasing humic acid concentration resulted in decreasing crystallite size of the Nd2（CO3）3 and increasing crystallite size of the Sm2（CO3）3 solid phase, and affected inversely the solubility of the solid phases. However, this impact on the solid phase properties was expected to be of minor relevance regarding the chemical behavior and migration of trivalent lanthanides and actinides in the geosphere.
文摘Many practical systems in natural and social sciences can be described by dynamical networks. Day by day we have measured and accumulated huge amounts of data from these networks, which can be used by us to further our understanding of the world. The structures of the networks producing these data are often unknown. Consequently, understanding the structures of these networks from available data turns to be one of the central issues in interdisciplinary fields, which is called the network recon- struction problem. In this paper, we considered problems of network reconstructions using partially available data and some situations where data availabilities are not sufficient for conventional network reconstructions. Furthermore, we proposed to infer subnetwork with data of the subnetwork available only and other nodes of the entire network hidden; to depict group-group interactions in networks with averages of groups of node variables available; and to perform network reconstructions with known data of node variables only when networks are driven by both unknown internal fast-varying noises and unknown external slowly-varying signals. All these situations are expected to be common in practical systems and the methods and results may be useful for real world applications.
