Over the past few years, three photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants, two of which led to observable in creases in photos yn thesis and biomass yield. However, most of the experiments were carried...Over the past few years, three photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants, two of which led to observable in creases in photos yn thesis and biomass yield. However, most of the experiments were carried out using Arabidopsis under controlled environmental conditions, and the increases were only observed under low-light and short-day conditions. In this study, we designed a new photorespiratory bypass (called GOC bypass), characterized by no reducing equivalents being produced during a complete oxidation of glycolate into CO2 catalyzed by three rice-self-originating enzymes, i.e., glycolate oxidase, oxalate oxidase, and catalase. We successfully established this bypass in rice chloroplasts using a multi-gene assembly and transformation system. Transgenic rice plants carrying GOC bypass (GOC plants) showed significant increases in photosynthesis efficiency, biomass yield, and nitrogen content, as well as several other CO2-enriched phe no types under both greenhouse and field conditions .Grain yield of GOC plants varied depending on seeding season and was increased significantly in the spring. We further demonstrated that GOC plants had significant advantages under high-light conditions and that the improvements in GOC plants resulted primarily from a photosynthetic CO2-concentrating effect rather than from improved energy balance. Taken together, our results reveal that engineering a newly designed chloroplastic photorespiratory bypass could increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield of rice plants grown in field conditions, particularly under high light.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine(CM)improving pregnancy outcomes after surgery for endometriosis-associated infertility.Methods:A multicenter,randomized,doubleblind placebo parallel co...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine(CM)improving pregnancy outcomes after surgery for endometriosis-associated infertility.Methods:A multicenter,randomized,doubleblind placebo parallel controlled clinical trial was designed.A total of 202 patients who had laparoscopy for endometriosis-associated infertility with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome were included and randomly divided into the CM treatment group and placebo control group at a ratio of 1:1 using a central block randomization from May 2014 to September 2017,101 patients in each group.The two groups received continuous intervention at 1–5 days after surgery,for 6 menstrual cycles.Before ovulation,the CM group was treated Huoxue Xiaoyi Granule(活血消异颗粒);after ovulation,Bushen Zhuyun Granule(补肾助孕颗粒)was involved.The control group was treated with placebo.Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed every menstrual cycle during the treatment,and female hormone levels in the follicular and luteal phases were measured during the 1 st,3 rd and 6 th menstrual cycles.The analysis was continued until pregnancy.The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate and pregnancy outcome,and the secondary outcomes were follicular development and endometrial receptivity.Safety evaluations were performed before and after treatment.Results:(1)Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates:the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates of the CM group were significantly higher than those of the placebo group[44.6%(45/101)vs.29.7%(30/101),34.7%(35/101)vs.20.8%(21/101),both P<0.05].(2)Follicle development:the incidence of dominant follicles,rate of cumulative cycle ovulation,and rate of cumulative cycle mature follicle ovulation were significantly higher in the CM group than those in the placebo group[93.8%(350/373)vs.89.5%(341/381),80.4%(275/342)vs.69.1%(253/366),65.8%(181/275)vs 56.1%(142/253),P<0.05 or P<0.01]).The incidence of cumulative cycle luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome was significantly lower in the CM group tha展开更多
As immunotherapy has gained increasing interest as a new foundation for cancer therapy,some atypical response patterns,such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression,have garnered the attention of physicians.Pseudopro...As immunotherapy has gained increasing interest as a new foundation for cancer therapy,some atypical response patterns,such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression,have garnered the attention of physicians.Pseudoprogression is a phenomenon in which an initial increase in tumor size is observed or new lesions appear,followed by a decrease in tumor burden;this phenomenon can benefit patients receiving immunotherapy but often leads to premature discontinuation of treatment owing to the false judgment of progression.Accurately recognizing pseudoprogression is also a challenge for physicians.Because of the extensive attention on pseudoprogression,significant progress has been made.Some new criteria for immunotherapy,such as irRC,iRECIST and imRECIST,were proposed to accurately evaluate the response to immunotherapy.Many new detection indexes,such as ctDNA and IL-8,have also been used to identify pseudoprogression.In this review,the definition,evaluation criteria,mechanism,monitoring,management and prognosis of pseudoprogression are summarized,and diagnostic and treatment processes for patients with progression but with a suspicion of pseudoprogression are proposed;these processes could be helpful for physicians in clinical practice and enhances the understanding of pseudoprogression.展开更多
Objective: To elucidate the role and prognostic significance of lymphocyte activation-gene-3(LAG-3) in soft tissue sarcoma(STS).Methods: The expression of LAG-3 in patient and matched normal blood samples was analyzed...Objective: To elucidate the role and prognostic significance of lymphocyte activation-gene-3(LAG-3) in soft tissue sarcoma(STS).Methods: The expression of LAG-3 in patient and matched normal blood samples was analyzed by flow cytometry. The localization and prognostic values of LAG-3^+ cells in 163 STS patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of tumor-infiltrating CD3^+ T, CD4^+ T, and CD8^+ T cells and their role in the prognosis of STS were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The effect of LAG-3 blockade was evaluated in an immunocompetent MCA205 fibrosarcoma mouse model.Results: Peripheral CD8^+ and CD4^+ T cells from STS patients expressed higher levels of LAG-3 than those from healthy donors.LAG-3 expression in STS was significantly associated with a poor clinical outcome(P = 0.038) and was correlated with high pathological grade(P < 0.001), advanced tumor stage(P = 0.016). Additionally, LAG-3 expression was highly correlated with CD8^+ T-cell infiltration(r = 0.7034, P < 0.001). LAG-3 was expressed in murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and its blockade decreased tumor growth and enhanced secretion of interferon-gamma by CD8^+ and CD4^+ T cells.Conclusions: LAG-3 blockade may be a promising strategy to improve the effects of targeted therapy in STS.展开更多
Dear Editor,Globally,gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the second highest contributor to cancer deaths after lung cancer(Murray et al.,2012).Despite improved success with treatment of early stage g...Dear Editor,Globally,gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the second highest contributor to cancer deaths after lung cancer(Murray et al.,2012).Despite improved success with treatment of early stage gastric cancer(Fuse et al.,2016),the five-year survival rate of advanced staged gastric cancer patients is still low.The aggressive growth characteristics of the tumor and metastasis are key factors responsible for poor overall survival in these patients(Ozkan et al.,2005).Therefore,investigation of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the aggressive behavior of gastric cancers,and identification of potential target genes for therapeutic interventions,is a key imperative.展开更多
Objective To test the effect of Banxia Xiexin Decoction(半夏泻心汤,BXD)on the contraction and relaxation of gastric smooth muscle(SM)in diabetic gastroparesis(DGP)model rats,and to explore the mechanism of BXD in the ...Objective To test the effect of Banxia Xiexin Decoction(半夏泻心汤,BXD)on the contraction and relaxation of gastric smooth muscle(SM)in diabetic gastroparesis(DGP)model rats,and to explore the mechanism of BXD in the prevention and treatment of DGP through experiments of signal pathway both in vivo and in vitro.Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups according to a random number table:control group,model group,high-,medium-and low-dose BXD groups(9.2,4.6 and 1.8 g/(kg·d),respectively),and domperidone group(10 mg/(kg·d)),10 rats per group.DGP model was established initially by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ),and was confirmed by recording gastric emptying,intestinal transport velocity and gastric myoelectric activity of rats after 2 months.Each group was treated with a corresponding drug for 4 weeks.The mRNA and protein expressions of phospholipase C(PLC),inositol triphosphate(IP3),neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS),and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)dependent protein kinase G(PKG)were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,respectively,while nitric oxide(NO)and cGMP expressions were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Gastric tissues were obtained from rats for primary cell culture preparation.Gastric SM cells were treated with 0.8µmol/L of STZ or STZ plus 1,000,500 and 200µg/mL of BXD or STZ plus 2.5µmol/mL of domperidone for 24,48,72 or 96 h,respectively.The length of gastric SM cells and intracellular Ca^2+concentration([Ca^2+]i)before and after BXD treatment was measured.Results Compared with the model group,high-and medium-dose BXD and domperidone significantly increased the expressions of PLC,IP3,NO,nNOS,cGMP and PKG in rat’s gastric tissue(P<0.01).Gastric SM cells treated with BXD showed a time-and dose-dependent increase in cell viability(P<0.01).The treatment with high-and medium-dose BXD and domperidone inhibited the increase in gastric SM cells length and increased[Ca^2+]i compared with the展开更多
Varicocele is a comm on fin ding in men. Varicocele correcti on has bee n advocated for young patients with testicular hypotrophy, but there is a lack of morphofunctional follow-up data. We assessed whether percutaneo...Varicocele is a comm on fin ding in men. Varicocele correcti on has bee n advocated for young patients with testicular hypotrophy, but there is a lack of morphofunctional follow-up data. We assessed whether percutaneous treatment of left varicocele is associated with testicular "catch-up growth" in the following 12 months by retrospectively reviewing data from an electronic database of 10 656 patients followed up in our clinic between 2006 and 2016. We selected all young adults (<35 years) with left varicocele who un derwe nt percuta neous treatment, had a minimum of 12 mon ths' ultraso und imagi ng follow-up, and had no other con ditions affecting testicular volume. One hundred and fourteen men (mean±standard deviation [s.d.] of age: 22.8 ± 5.4 years) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Left testicular hypotrophy (LTH), defined as a >20% difference between left and right testicular volume at baseline, was observed in 26 (22.8%) men. Participants with LTH (mean±s.d.: 14.5 ± 2.7 ml) had lower baseline testicular volume compared to those without LTH (mean±s.d.: 15.7 ± 3.8 ml;P= 0.032). Repeated measures mixed models showed a sign ifica nt in teraction betwee n LTH and time posttreatme nt when correcting for baseli ne left testicular volume (β= 0.114, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.018-0.210, P=0.020), resulting in a catch-up growth of up to 1.37 ml per year (95% Cl: 0.221- 2.516). Age at intervention was also associated with reduced testicular volume (-0.072 ml per year, 95% Cl:-0.135--0.009;P = 0.024). Percutaneous treatment of left varicocele in young adults with LTH can result in catch-up growth over 1 year of follow-up. The reproductive and psychological implicati ons of these findings n eed to be confirmed in Ion ger and larger prospective studies.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To compare sexual functioning and health-related quality-of-li fe outcomes of total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and supracervical hysterectomy ( SCH) among women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomata or abn...OBJECTIVE: To compare sexual functioning and health-related quality-of-li fe outcomes of total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and supracervical hysterectomy ( SCH) among women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomata or abnormal uterine bleedi ng refractory to hormonal management. METHODS: We randomly assigned 135 women sc heduled to undergo abdominal hysterectomy in 4 U.S. clinical centers to either a total or supracervical procedure. The primary outcome was sexual functioning at 2 years, as assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Sexual Problems Scale. Secon dary outcomes included specific aspects of sexual functioning and health-relate d quality-of-life at 6 months and 2 years. RESULTS: Sexual problems improved d ramatically in both randomized groups during the first 6 months and plateaued by 1 year. Health-related quality-of-life scores also improved in both groups. At 2 years, both groups reported few problems with sexual functioning (mean scor e on the Sexual Problems Scale for SCH group 82, TAH group 80, on a 0-to-100 s cale with 100 indicating an absence of problems; difference = +2,95%confidence interval -8 to +11), and there were no significant differences between groups . CONCLUSION: Supracervical and total abdominal hysterectomy result in similar s exual functioning and health-related quality of life during 2 years of follow- up. This information can help guide physicians as they discuss surgical options with their patients.展开更多
Objective:To explore the mechanisms of Dangua Recipe(DGR)in improving glycolipid metabolism based on transcriptomics.Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats with normal glucose level were divided into 3 groups according to a rand...Objective:To explore the mechanisms of Dangua Recipe(DGR)in improving glycolipid metabolism based on transcriptomics.Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats with normal glucose level were divided into 3 groups according to a random number table,including a conventional diet group(Group A),a DGR group(Group B,high-calorie diet+20.5 g DGR),and a high-calorie fodder model group(Group C).After 12 weeks of intervention,the liver tissue of rats was taken.Gene sequence and transcriptional analysis were performed to identify the key genes related to glycolipid metabolism reflecting DGR efficacy,and then gene or protein validation of liver tissue were performed.Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase(Nampt)and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK)proteins in liver tissues were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,fatty acid synthase(FASN)protein was detected by Western blot,and fatty acid binding protein 5(FABP5)-mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Furthermore,the functional verification was performed on the diabetic model rats by Nampt blocker(GEN-617)injected in vivo.Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were detected.Results:Totally,257 differentialdominant genes of Group A vs.Group C and 392 differential-dominant genes of Group B vs.Group C were found.Moreover,11 Gene Ontology molecular function terms and 7 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment pathways owned by both Group A vs.Group C and Group C vs.Group B were confirmed.The liver tissue target validation showed that Nampt,FASN,PEPCK protein and FABP5-mRNA had the same changes consistent with transcriptome.The in vivo functional tests showed that GEN-617 increased body weight,HbA1c,triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the diabetic rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01);while all the above-mentioned levels(except triglyceride)were decreased significantly by GEN-617 combined with DGR intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Nampt activation was one of the mechanisms about DGR regulating glycolipid meta展开更多
LIN28 is an RNA binding protein with important roles in early embryo development,stem cell differentiation/re-programming,tumorigenesis and metabolism.Previous studies have focused mainly on its role in the cytosol wh...LIN28 is an RNA binding protein with important roles in early embryo development,stem cell differentiation/re-programming,tumorigenesis and metabolism.Previous studies have focused mainly on its role in the cytosol where it interacts with Let-7 microRNA precursors or mRNAs,and few have addressed LIN28's role within the nucleus.Here,we show that LIN28 displays dynamic temporal and spatial expression during murine embryo development.Maternal LIN28 expression drops upon exit from the 2-cell stage,and zygotic LIN28 protein is induced at the forming nucleolus during 4-cell to blas-tocyst stage development,to become dominantly expressed in the cytosol after implantation.In cultured pluripotent stem cells(PSCs),loss of LIN28 led to nucleolar stress and activation of a 2-cell/4-cell-like transcriptional program characterized by the expression of endogenous retrovirus genes.Mechanistically,LIN28 binds to small nucleolar RNAs and rRNA to maintain nucleolar integrity,and its loss leads to nucleolar phase separation defects,ribosomal stress and activation of P53 which in turn binds to and activates 2C transcription factor Dux.LIN28 also resides in a complex containing the nucleolar factor Nucleolin(NCL)and the transcrip-tional repressor TRIM28,and LIN28 loss leads to reduced occupancy of the NCL/TRIM28 complex on the Dux and rDNA loci,and thus de-repressed Dux and reduced rRNA expression.Lin28 knockout cells with nucleolar stress are more likely to assume a slowly cycling,translationally inert and anabolically inactive state,which is a part of previously unappreciated 2C-like transcriptional program.These findings elucidate novel roles for nucleolar LIN28 in PSCs,and a new mechanism linking 2C program and nucleolar functions in PSCs and early embryo development.展开更多
We evaluated contemporary trends in radical prostatectomy(RP)in men aged>70 years and investigated associations of selected variables with recovery of urinary continence(UC)in two age groups:>70 and<70 years....We evaluated contemporary trends in radical prostatectomy(RP)in men aged>70 years and investigated associations of selected variables with recovery of urinary continence(UC)in two age groups:>70 and<70 years.A retrospective cohort of 2301 eligible patients attending our institution from 2004 to 2015 was reviewed.Patients were divided into two groups based on age at surgery(>70 years[n=610]vs<70 years[n=1691])and four groups by year of surgery.Over the study period,the proportion of patients aged>70 years gradually increased up to 30.0%,and the rate of robot-assisted RP and neurovascular bundle(NVB)saving increased continually to 80.0%and 67.4%of older patients,respectively.Although the rate of recovery of UC within 12 months(3 months)in patients aged>70 years was lower than that in those aged S70 years(81.5%[52.6%]vs 88.6%[60.9%],respectively;both P<0.001),the gap between age groups in the rate of recovery within 12 mon ths n arrowed from the sec ond quarter of the study period.Among youn ger patie nts,age,robot-assisted RP,prostate volume,membra nous urethral length(MUL),and NVB savi ng were predictors of recovery of UC within 3 or 12 months.In contrast,only age and MUL were predictors of recovery of UC within 3 and 12 months in patients aged>70 years.Therefore,unlike younger patients,only variables(age and MUL),possibly associated with the inhere nt fun ction of the urinary sphi ncter,were predictors of recovery of UC in patients aged>70 years.展开更多
A simulation model developed by the authors (Huang et al., 1999) was validated against independent field measurements of methane emission from rice paddy soils in Texas of USA, Tuzu Of China and Vercelli of Italy.A si...A simulation model developed by the authors (Huang et al., 1999) was validated against independent field measurements of methane emission from rice paddy soils in Texas of USA, Tuzu Of China and Vercelli of Italy.A simplified version of the simulation model was further validated against methane emission measurements from various regions of the world, including italy, China, Indonesia, Philippines and the United States. Model validation suggested that the seasonal variation of methane emission was mainly regulated by rice growth and development and that methane emission could be predicted from rice net productivity, cultivar character, soil texture and temperature, and organic matter amendments. Model simulations in general agreed with the observations. The comparison between computed and measured methane emission resulted in correlation coefficients r2 values from 0.450 to 0.952, significant at 0.01-0.001 probability level.On the basis of available information on rice cultivated area, growth duration, grain yield, soil texture and temperature, methane emission from rice paddy soils of China's Mainland was estimated for 28 rice cultivated provinces/municipal cities by employing the validated model. The calculated daily methane emission rates, on a provincial scale, ranged from 0.12 to 0.71 g m-2 with an average of 0.26 g m-2. A total amount of 7.92 Tg CH4 per year, ranging from 5.89 to 11.17 Tg year-1, was estimated to be released from Chinese rice paddy soils. Of the total, 45% was emitted from the single-rice growing season, and 19% and 36% were from the early-rice and the late-rice growing seasons, respectively. Approximately 70% of the total was emitted in the region located at latitude between 25°and 32°N. The emissions from rice fields in Sichuan and Hunan provinces were calculated to be 2.34 Tg year-1, accounting for approximately 30% of the total.展开更多
The primary premature ejaculation(PPE)is a common male sexual disorder.We proposed a novel behavioral therapy for PPE through regular penis-root masturbation(PRM).Nine heterosexual men with PPE completed the self-cont...The primary premature ejaculation(PPE)is a common male sexual disorder.We proposed a novel behavioral therapy for PPE through regular penis-root masturbation(PRM).Nine heterosexual men with PPE completed the self-controlled study.After a 3-month PRM training,the median intravaginal ejaculatory latency time(IELT)increased from 60sto 180 s(P=0.018),and the mean Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool(PEDT)score decreased from 14.8±3.7 to 12.8±4.1(P=0.074).Five out of eight patients had the prolonged dorsal nerve somatosensory evoked potential(DNSEP).Ihe results suggest that PRM has a short-term therapeutic effect.Randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the efficacy.展开更多
Electrical capacitance tomography(ECT) was applied in measuring solids distribution in square circulating fluidized beds. The fluidization conditions varied from bubbling fluidized bed to circulating fluidized bed. In...Electrical capacitance tomography(ECT) was applied in measuring solids distribution in square circulating fluidized beds. The fluidization conditions varied from bubbling fluidized bed to circulating fluidized bed. In the whole range of fluidization conditions, ECT was able to instantaneously provide the solids concentration and voids distributions in the fluidized beds. According to the acquired data from ECT and reconstructed image, different fluidization regimes can also be identified.展开更多
Objective:To explore potential natural products against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)via the study of structural and non-structural proteins of human coronaviruses.Methods:In this study,we ...Objective:To explore potential natural products against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)via the study of structural and non-structural proteins of human coronaviruses.Methods:In this study,we performed an in-silico survey of 25 potential natural compounds acting against SARS-CoV-2.Molecular docking studies were carried out using compounds against 3-chymotrypsin-like protease(3 CL^(PHO)),papain-like protease(PL^(PRO)),RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp),non-structural protein(nsp),human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor(hACE2 R),sapike glycoprotein(S protein),abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1(ABL1),calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells(NFAT)and transmembrane protease serine 2.Results:Among the screened compounds,amentoflavone showed the best binding affinity with the 3 CL^(PRO),RdRp,nsp13,nsp15,hACE2 R,ABL1 and calcineurin-NFAT;berbamine with hACE2 R and ABL1;cepharanthine with nsp10,nsp14,nsp16,S protein and ABL1;glucogallin with nsp15;and papyriflavonol A with PL^(PRO)protein.Other good interacting compounds were juglanin,betulinic acid,betulonic acid,broussooflavan A,tomentin A,B and E,7-methoxycryptopleurine,aloe emodin,quercetin,tanshinone I,tylophorine and furruginol,which also showed excellent binding affinity towards a number of target proteins.Most of these compounds showed better binding affinities towards the target proteins than the standard drugs used in this study.Conclusion:Natural products or their derivatives may be one of the potential targets to fight against SARS-CoV-2.展开更多
The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda,is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China.Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China,understanding of FAW g...The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda,is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China.Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China,understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies.Here,we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW(SFynMstLFR)and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America,Africa,and China.Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America,Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American pop-ulations,while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations.Moreover,population geno-mics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations.Taken toge-ther,FAWs invaded into China were most likely origi-nated from Africa.Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW,of which 283 genes are specific to FAW.Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles,and several detoxification genes such as AOX,UGT and GST spe-cially responded to the pesticides.These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for manage-ment of FAW in China and other invaded areas.展开更多
Cells producing cytokines often express the receptor for the same cytokine, which makes them prone to autocrine signaling. How cytokine release and signaling are regulated in the same cell is not understood? In this s...Cells producing cytokines often express the receptor for the same cytokine, which makes them prone to autocrine signaling. How cytokine release and signaling are regulated in the same cell is not understood? In this study, we demonstrate that signaling by exogenous and self-synthesized inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) within endosomal compartments acts as a cellular brake that limits the synthesis of IL-6. Our data show that IL-6 is internalized by dendritic cells and signals from endosomal compartments containing the IL-6 receptor. Newly synthesized IL-6 also traffics via these endosomal compartments and signals in transit to the plasma membrane. This allows activation of STAT3 which in turn limits toll-like receptor 4 stimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggered transcription of IL-6. Long-term exposure to LPS removes this brake via inhibition of STAT3 by increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and results in fully fledged IL-6 production. This transient regulation could prevent excessive IL-6 production during early infections.展开更多
For biological nitrogen （N） removal from wastewater, a sufficient organic carbon source is requested fbr denitrification. However. the organic carbon/nitrogen ratio in municipal wastcwatcr is becoming lower in recen...For biological nitrogen （N） removal from wastewater, a sufficient organic carbon source is requested fbr denitrification. However. the organic carbon/nitrogen ratio in municipal wastcwatcr is becoming lower in recent years, which increases the demand for the addition of external organic carbon, e.g. methanol, in wastewater treatment. The volatile fatty acids （VFAs） produced by acidogenic fenncntation of sewage sludge can be an attractive alternative for methanol. Chemically enhanced primary sedimentation （CEPS} is an effective process that applies chemical coagulants to enhance the removal of organic pollutants and phosphorus from wastewater by sedimentation. In temls of the chemical and biological characteristics, the CEPS sludge is considerably different from the conventional primary and secondary sludge. In the present study, FeCI3 and PACI （polyalunfinum chloride） were used as the coagulants for CEPS treatment of raw sewage. The derived CEPS sludge （Fe-sludge and Al-sludge） was then processed with mcsophilic acidogenic fennentation to hydrolysc the solid organics and produce VFAs for organic carbon recovery, and the sludge acidogenesis efficiency was compared with that of the conventional primary sludge and secondary sludge. The results showed that the Fe-sludge exhibited the highest hydrolysis and acidogenesis efficiency, while the Al-sludge and secondary＇ sludge had lower hydrolysis efficiency than that of primary sludge. Utilizing ffie Fc-sludgc fermentation liquid as tbc carbon source for denitrificatiom more than 99%of nitrate removal was achieved in the main-stream wastewater treatment without any external carbon addition, instead of 35% obtained from the conventional process of primary sedimentation followed by the oxic/anoxic （O/A） treatment.展开更多
In this paper, a new solution to the problem of reconstructing the surface of 3D objects over a set of cross-sectional contours is proposed. An algorithm for single branch contours connection, which is based on the cl...In this paper, a new solution to the problem of reconstructing the surface of 3D objects over a set of cross-sectional contours is proposed. An algorithm for single branch contours connection, which is based on the closest local polar angle method, is first presented. Then the branching problems (including non-singular branching and singular branching) are completely solved by decomposing them into several single-branching problems. Finally, these methods are applied to the reconstruction of the external surface of a complexly shaped object such as the cellular region of human brain. The results show that the presented methods are practical and satisfactory.展开更多
Pot experiments and field trials were conducted to investigate the changes in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) soluble silicon (Si) in the leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to examine the feasibility of using TCA-soluble...Pot experiments and field trials were conducted to investigate the changes in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) soluble silicon (Si) in the leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to examine the feasibility of using TCA-soluble Si content as an index for diagnosing Si deficiency. The TCA-soluble Si content was significantly higher in the leaves of both Si-treated and -untreated rice at the elongation stage compared with that at tillering stage. It was also higher in the Si-treated plants than in the controls throughout the whole growth period.However, whether dressed at elongation or booting stage, silicon fertilizer resulted in a significant increase in TCA-soluble Si one week to ten days after application. The same was true for the total Si accumulation in the plants. A close positive correlation was found between TCA-soluble Si and total it in plants grown on pot soils (r=0.669, P<0.01, n=26). The results obtained in the field trials revealed that the available Si extracted by sodium acetate (pH 4.0) could not predict the response of rice to added Si in the calcareous soils satisfactorily. No significant correlation was found between soil available Si content and rice yield, but TCA-soluble Si in the leaf blades of rice was significantly correlated both with rice yield (r=0.57, P<0.01,n=30) and with total plant Si (r=0.89, P<0.01, n=30). It is recommended that, with 95 per cent confidence,the critical value of TCA-soluble Si in the leaves of rice should be 52-57 mg Si kg-1, above which no positive response of rice to added Si would be expected.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470343, 31770256)the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou City (201607020006).
文摘Over the past few years, three photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants, two of which led to observable in creases in photos yn thesis and biomass yield. However, most of the experiments were carried out using Arabidopsis under controlled environmental conditions, and the increases were only observed under low-light and short-day conditions. In this study, we designed a new photorespiratory bypass (called GOC bypass), characterized by no reducing equivalents being produced during a complete oxidation of glycolate into CO2 catalyzed by three rice-self-originating enzymes, i.e., glycolate oxidase, oxalate oxidase, and catalase. We successfully established this bypass in rice chloroplasts using a multi-gene assembly and transformation system. Transgenic rice plants carrying GOC bypass (GOC plants) showed significant increases in photosynthesis efficiency, biomass yield, and nitrogen content, as well as several other CO2-enriched phe no types under both greenhouse and field conditions .Grain yield of GOC plants varied depending on seeding season and was increased significantly in the spring. We further demonstrated that GOC plants had significant advantages under high-light conditions and that the improvements in GOC plants resulted primarily from a photosynthetic CO2-concentrating effect rather than from improved energy balance. Taken together, our results reveal that engineering a newly designed chloroplastic photorespiratory bypass could increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield of rice plants grown in field conditions, particularly under high light.
基金Supported by the Key Projects of the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2014BAI10B08)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine(CM)improving pregnancy outcomes after surgery for endometriosis-associated infertility.Methods:A multicenter,randomized,doubleblind placebo parallel controlled clinical trial was designed.A total of 202 patients who had laparoscopy for endometriosis-associated infertility with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome were included and randomly divided into the CM treatment group and placebo control group at a ratio of 1:1 using a central block randomization from May 2014 to September 2017,101 patients in each group.The two groups received continuous intervention at 1–5 days after surgery,for 6 menstrual cycles.Before ovulation,the CM group was treated Huoxue Xiaoyi Granule(活血消异颗粒);after ovulation,Bushen Zhuyun Granule(补肾助孕颗粒)was involved.The control group was treated with placebo.Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed every menstrual cycle during the treatment,and female hormone levels in the follicular and luteal phases were measured during the 1 st,3 rd and 6 th menstrual cycles.The analysis was continued until pregnancy.The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate and pregnancy outcome,and the secondary outcomes were follicular development and endometrial receptivity.Safety evaluations were performed before and after treatment.Results:(1)Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates:the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates of the CM group were significantly higher than those of the placebo group[44.6%(45/101)vs.29.7%(30/101),34.7%(35/101)vs.20.8%(21/101),both P<0.05].(2)Follicle development:the incidence of dominant follicles,rate of cumulative cycle ovulation,and rate of cumulative cycle mature follicle ovulation were significantly higher in the CM group than those in the placebo group[93.8%(350/373)vs.89.5%(341/381),80.4%(275/342)vs.69.1%(253/366),65.8%(181/275)vs 56.1%(142/253),P<0.05 or P<0.01]).The incidence of cumulative cycle luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome was significantly lower in the CM group tha
基金support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1313201)
文摘As immunotherapy has gained increasing interest as a new foundation for cancer therapy,some atypical response patterns,such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression,have garnered the attention of physicians.Pseudoprogression is a phenomenon in which an initial increase in tumor size is observed or new lesions appear,followed by a decrease in tumor burden;this phenomenon can benefit patients receiving immunotherapy but often leads to premature discontinuation of treatment owing to the false judgment of progression.Accurately recognizing pseudoprogression is also a challenge for physicians.Because of the extensive attention on pseudoprogression,significant progress has been made.Some new criteria for immunotherapy,such as irRC,iRECIST and imRECIST,were proposed to accurately evaluate the response to immunotherapy.Many new detection indexes,such as ctDNA and IL-8,have also been used to identify pseudoprogression.In this review,the definition,evaluation criteria,mechanism,monitoring,management and prognosis of pseudoprogression are summarized,and diagnostic and treatment processes for patients with progression but with a suspicion of pseudoprogression are proposed;these processes could be helpful for physicians in clinical practice and enhances the understanding of pseudoprogression.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R & D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0505600-04)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81372887, 81572403, and 81772863)
文摘Objective: To elucidate the role and prognostic significance of lymphocyte activation-gene-3(LAG-3) in soft tissue sarcoma(STS).Methods: The expression of LAG-3 in patient and matched normal blood samples was analyzed by flow cytometry. The localization and prognostic values of LAG-3^+ cells in 163 STS patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of tumor-infiltrating CD3^+ T, CD4^+ T, and CD8^+ T cells and their role in the prognosis of STS were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The effect of LAG-3 blockade was evaluated in an immunocompetent MCA205 fibrosarcoma mouse model.Results: Peripheral CD8^+ and CD4^+ T cells from STS patients expressed higher levels of LAG-3 than those from healthy donors.LAG-3 expression in STS was significantly associated with a poor clinical outcome(P = 0.038) and was correlated with high pathological grade(P < 0.001), advanced tumor stage(P = 0.016). Additionally, LAG-3 expression was highly correlated with CD8^+ T-cell infiltration(r = 0.7034, P < 0.001). LAG-3 was expressed in murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and its blockade decreased tumor growth and enhanced secretion of interferon-gamma by CD8^+ and CD4^+ T cells.Conclusions: LAG-3 blockade may be a promising strategy to improve the effects of targeted therapy in STS.
基金grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81320108025,81472662 and 81672109)foundation of Jilin Province Science and Technology Department(172408GH010234983)Jilin University-Xinjiang Medical University joint research project.
文摘Dear Editor,Globally,gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the second highest contributor to cancer deaths after lung cancer(Murray et al.,2012).Despite improved success with treatment of early stage gastric cancer(Fuse et al.,2016),the five-year survival rate of advanced staged gastric cancer patients is still low.The aggressive growth characteristics of the tumor and metastasis are key factors responsible for poor overall survival in these patients(Ozkan et al.,2005).Therefore,investigation of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the aggressive behavior of gastric cancers,and identification of potential target genes for therapeutic interventions,is a key imperative.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81503553)。
文摘Objective To test the effect of Banxia Xiexin Decoction(半夏泻心汤,BXD)on the contraction and relaxation of gastric smooth muscle(SM)in diabetic gastroparesis(DGP)model rats,and to explore the mechanism of BXD in the prevention and treatment of DGP through experiments of signal pathway both in vivo and in vitro.Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups according to a random number table:control group,model group,high-,medium-and low-dose BXD groups(9.2,4.6 and 1.8 g/(kg·d),respectively),and domperidone group(10 mg/(kg·d)),10 rats per group.DGP model was established initially by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ),and was confirmed by recording gastric emptying,intestinal transport velocity and gastric myoelectric activity of rats after 2 months.Each group was treated with a corresponding drug for 4 weeks.The mRNA and protein expressions of phospholipase C(PLC),inositol triphosphate(IP3),neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS),and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)dependent protein kinase G(PKG)were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,respectively,while nitric oxide(NO)and cGMP expressions were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Gastric tissues were obtained from rats for primary cell culture preparation.Gastric SM cells were treated with 0.8µmol/L of STZ or STZ plus 1,000,500 and 200µg/mL of BXD or STZ plus 2.5µmol/mL of domperidone for 24,48,72 or 96 h,respectively.The length of gastric SM cells and intracellular Ca^2+concentration([Ca^2+]i)before and after BXD treatment was measured.Results Compared with the model group,high-and medium-dose BXD and domperidone significantly increased the expressions of PLC,IP3,NO,nNOS,cGMP and PKG in rat’s gastric tissue(P<0.01).Gastric SM cells treated with BXD showed a time-and dose-dependent increase in cell viability(P<0.01).The treatment with high-and medium-dose BXD and domperidone inhibited the increase in gastric SM cells length and increased[Ca^2+]i compared with the
文摘Varicocele is a comm on fin ding in men. Varicocele correcti on has bee n advocated for young patients with testicular hypotrophy, but there is a lack of morphofunctional follow-up data. We assessed whether percutaneous treatment of left varicocele is associated with testicular "catch-up growth" in the following 12 months by retrospectively reviewing data from an electronic database of 10 656 patients followed up in our clinic between 2006 and 2016. We selected all young adults (<35 years) with left varicocele who un derwe nt percuta neous treatment, had a minimum of 12 mon ths' ultraso und imagi ng follow-up, and had no other con ditions affecting testicular volume. One hundred and fourteen men (mean±standard deviation [s.d.] of age: 22.8 ± 5.4 years) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Left testicular hypotrophy (LTH), defined as a >20% difference between left and right testicular volume at baseline, was observed in 26 (22.8%) men. Participants with LTH (mean±s.d.: 14.5 ± 2.7 ml) had lower baseline testicular volume compared to those without LTH (mean±s.d.: 15.7 ± 3.8 ml;P= 0.032). Repeated measures mixed models showed a sign ifica nt in teraction betwee n LTH and time posttreatme nt when correcting for baseli ne left testicular volume (β= 0.114, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.018-0.210, P=0.020), resulting in a catch-up growth of up to 1.37 ml per year (95% Cl: 0.221- 2.516). Age at intervention was also associated with reduced testicular volume (-0.072 ml per year, 95% Cl:-0.135--0.009;P = 0.024). Percutaneous treatment of left varicocele in young adults with LTH can result in catch-up growth over 1 year of follow-up. The reproductive and psychological implicati ons of these findings n eed to be confirmed in Ion ger and larger prospective studies.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To compare sexual functioning and health-related quality-of-li fe outcomes of total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and supracervical hysterectomy ( SCH) among women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomata or abnormal uterine bleedi ng refractory to hormonal management. METHODS: We randomly assigned 135 women sc heduled to undergo abdominal hysterectomy in 4 U.S. clinical centers to either a total or supracervical procedure. The primary outcome was sexual functioning at 2 years, as assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Sexual Problems Scale. Secon dary outcomes included specific aspects of sexual functioning and health-relate d quality-of-life at 6 months and 2 years. RESULTS: Sexual problems improved d ramatically in both randomized groups during the first 6 months and plateaued by 1 year. Health-related quality-of-life scores also improved in both groups. At 2 years, both groups reported few problems with sexual functioning (mean scor e on the Sexual Problems Scale for SCH group 82, TAH group 80, on a 0-to-100 s cale with 100 indicating an absence of problems; difference = +2,95%confidence interval -8 to +11), and there were no significant differences between groups . CONCLUSION: Supracervical and total abdominal hysterectomy result in similar s exual functioning and health-related quality of life during 2 years of follow- up. This information can help guide physicians as they discuss surgical options with their patients.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81873213,81473550)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2017J01213,2016J0146)the Inn ovation Fund of Medical Science of Fujian Provi nee(No.2017-CX-42),China。
文摘Objective:To explore the mechanisms of Dangua Recipe(DGR)in improving glycolipid metabolism based on transcriptomics.Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats with normal glucose level were divided into 3 groups according to a random number table,including a conventional diet group(Group A),a DGR group(Group B,high-calorie diet+20.5 g DGR),and a high-calorie fodder model group(Group C).After 12 weeks of intervention,the liver tissue of rats was taken.Gene sequence and transcriptional analysis were performed to identify the key genes related to glycolipid metabolism reflecting DGR efficacy,and then gene or protein validation of liver tissue were performed.Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase(Nampt)and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK)proteins in liver tissues were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,fatty acid synthase(FASN)protein was detected by Western blot,and fatty acid binding protein 5(FABP5)-mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Furthermore,the functional verification was performed on the diabetic model rats by Nampt blocker(GEN-617)injected in vivo.Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were detected.Results:Totally,257 differentialdominant genes of Group A vs.Group C and 392 differential-dominant genes of Group B vs.Group C were found.Moreover,11 Gene Ontology molecular function terms and 7 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment pathways owned by both Group A vs.Group C and Group C vs.Group B were confirmed.The liver tissue target validation showed that Nampt,FASN,PEPCK protein and FABP5-mRNA had the same changes consistent with transcriptome.The in vivo functional tests showed that GEN-617 increased body weight,HbA1c,triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the diabetic rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01);while all the above-mentioned levels(except triglyceride)were decreased significantly by GEN-617 combined with DGR intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Nampt activation was one of the mechanisms about DGR regulating glycolipid meta
基金We thank Hengyu Fan,Dan Zhang,Jianzhong Sheng,Pengfei Xu and Hua Lu for discussing and sharing facilities.J.Z.is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0107100,2018YFA0107103,2018YFC1005002)the National Natural Science Foundation projects of China(31871453,91857116)+3 种基金the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation projects of China(LR19C120001)High-Performance Computing Platform in Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Zhejiang University and core facilities,Zhejiang University School of Medicine.H.Y.is supported by the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation Projects of China(Grant No.LQ21C120002)J.W.is supported by National Institutes of Health(HD097268)New York State Stem Cell Science(C32569GG).
文摘LIN28 is an RNA binding protein with important roles in early embryo development,stem cell differentiation/re-programming,tumorigenesis and metabolism.Previous studies have focused mainly on its role in the cytosol where it interacts with Let-7 microRNA precursors or mRNAs,and few have addressed LIN28's role within the nucleus.Here,we show that LIN28 displays dynamic temporal and spatial expression during murine embryo development.Maternal LIN28 expression drops upon exit from the 2-cell stage,and zygotic LIN28 protein is induced at the forming nucleolus during 4-cell to blas-tocyst stage development,to become dominantly expressed in the cytosol after implantation.In cultured pluripotent stem cells(PSCs),loss of LIN28 led to nucleolar stress and activation of a 2-cell/4-cell-like transcriptional program characterized by the expression of endogenous retrovirus genes.Mechanistically,LIN28 binds to small nucleolar RNAs and rRNA to maintain nucleolar integrity,and its loss leads to nucleolar phase separation defects,ribosomal stress and activation of P53 which in turn binds to and activates 2C transcription factor Dux.LIN28 also resides in a complex containing the nucleolar factor Nucleolin(NCL)and the transcrip-tional repressor TRIM28,and LIN28 loss leads to reduced occupancy of the NCL/TRIM28 complex on the Dux and rDNA loci,and thus de-repressed Dux and reduced rRNA expression.Lin28 knockout cells with nucleolar stress are more likely to assume a slowly cycling,translationally inert and anabolically inactive state,which is a part of previously unappreciated 2C-like transcriptional program.These findings elucidate novel roles for nucleolar LIN28 in PSCs,and a new mechanism linking 2C program and nucleolar functions in PSCs and early embryo development.
文摘We evaluated contemporary trends in radical prostatectomy(RP)in men aged>70 years and investigated associations of selected variables with recovery of urinary continence(UC)in two age groups:>70 and<70 years.A retrospective cohort of 2301 eligible patients attending our institution from 2004 to 2015 was reviewed.Patients were divided into two groups based on age at surgery(>70 years[n=610]vs<70 years[n=1691])and four groups by year of surgery.Over the study period,the proportion of patients aged>70 years gradually increased up to 30.0%,and the rate of robot-assisted RP and neurovascular bundle(NVB)saving increased continually to 80.0%and 67.4%of older patients,respectively.Although the rate of recovery of UC within 12 months(3 months)in patients aged>70 years was lower than that in those aged S70 years(81.5%[52.6%]vs 88.6%[60.9%],respectively;both P<0.001),the gap between age groups in the rate of recovery within 12 mon ths n arrowed from the sec ond quarter of the study period.Among youn ger patie nts,age,robot-assisted RP,prostate volume,membra nous urethral length(MUL),and NVB savi ng were predictors of recovery of UC within 3 or 12 months.In contrast,only age and MUL were predictors of recovery of UC within 3 and 12 months in patients aged>70 years.Therefore,unlike younger patients,only variables(age and MUL),possibly associated with the inhere nt fun ction of the urinary sphi ncter,were predictors of recovery of UC in patients aged>70 years.
文摘A simulation model developed by the authors (Huang et al., 1999) was validated against independent field measurements of methane emission from rice paddy soils in Texas of USA, Tuzu Of China and Vercelli of Italy.A simplified version of the simulation model was further validated against methane emission measurements from various regions of the world, including italy, China, Indonesia, Philippines and the United States. Model validation suggested that the seasonal variation of methane emission was mainly regulated by rice growth and development and that methane emission could be predicted from rice net productivity, cultivar character, soil texture and temperature, and organic matter amendments. Model simulations in general agreed with the observations. The comparison between computed and measured methane emission resulted in correlation coefficients r2 values from 0.450 to 0.952, significant at 0.01-0.001 probability level.On the basis of available information on rice cultivated area, growth duration, grain yield, soil texture and temperature, methane emission from rice paddy soils of China's Mainland was estimated for 28 rice cultivated provinces/municipal cities by employing the validated model. The calculated daily methane emission rates, on a provincial scale, ranged from 0.12 to 0.71 g m-2 with an average of 0.26 g m-2. A total amount of 7.92 Tg CH4 per year, ranging from 5.89 to 11.17 Tg year-1, was estimated to be released from Chinese rice paddy soils. Of the total, 45% was emitted from the single-rice growing season, and 19% and 36% were from the early-rice and the late-rice growing seasons, respectively. Approximately 70% of the total was emitted in the region located at latitude between 25°and 32°N. The emissions from rice fields in Sichuan and Hunan provinces were calculated to be 2.34 Tg year-1, accounting for approximately 30% of the total.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81571424 and No.81771565).
文摘The primary premature ejaculation(PPE)is a common male sexual disorder.We proposed a novel behavioral therapy for PPE through regular penis-root masturbation(PRM).Nine heterosexual men with PPE completed the self-controlled study.After a 3-month PRM training,the median intravaginal ejaculatory latency time(IELT)increased from 60sto 180 s(P=0.018),and the mean Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool(PEDT)score decreased from 14.8±3.7 to 12.8±4.1(P=0.074).Five out of eight patients had the prolonged dorsal nerve somatosensory evoked potential(DNSEP).Ihe results suggest that PRM has a short-term therapeutic effect.Randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the efficacy.
文摘Electrical capacitance tomography(ECT) was applied in measuring solids distribution in square circulating fluidized beds. The fluidization conditions varied from bubbling fluidized bed to circulating fluidized bed. In the whole range of fluidization conditions, ECT was able to instantaneously provide the solids concentration and voids distributions in the fluidized beds. According to the acquired data from ECT and reconstructed image, different fluidization regimes can also be identified.
文摘Objective:To explore potential natural products against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)via the study of structural and non-structural proteins of human coronaviruses.Methods:In this study,we performed an in-silico survey of 25 potential natural compounds acting against SARS-CoV-2.Molecular docking studies were carried out using compounds against 3-chymotrypsin-like protease(3 CL^(PHO)),papain-like protease(PL^(PRO)),RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp),non-structural protein(nsp),human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor(hACE2 R),sapike glycoprotein(S protein),abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1(ABL1),calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells(NFAT)and transmembrane protease serine 2.Results:Among the screened compounds,amentoflavone showed the best binding affinity with the 3 CL^(PRO),RdRp,nsp13,nsp15,hACE2 R,ABL1 and calcineurin-NFAT;berbamine with hACE2 R and ABL1;cepharanthine with nsp10,nsp14,nsp16,S protein and ABL1;glucogallin with nsp15;and papyriflavonol A with PL^(PRO)protein.Other good interacting compounds were juglanin,betulinic acid,betulonic acid,broussooflavan A,tomentin A,B and E,7-methoxycryptopleurine,aloe emodin,quercetin,tanshinone I,tylophorine and furruginol,which also showed excellent binding affinity towards a number of target proteins.Most of these compounds showed better binding affinities towards the target proteins than the standard drugs used in this study.Conclusion:Natural products or their derivatives may be one of the potential targets to fight against SARS-CoV-2.
基金This study was financially supported by the Yunnan Eco-friendly Food International Cooperation Research Center(YEFICRC)Project of Yunnan Provincial Key Programs(Grant No.2019ZG009)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFD0300101)+3 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write(Grant No.2017B030301011)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-SW-L07)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No.2016080)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B020224002)。
文摘The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda,is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China.Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China,understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies.Here,we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW(SFynMstLFR)and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America,Africa,and China.Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America,Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American pop-ulations,while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations.Moreover,population geno-mics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations.Taken toge-ther,FAWs invaded into China were most likely origi-nated from Africa.Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW,of which 283 genes are specific to FAW.Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles,and several detoxification genes such as AOX,UGT and GST spe-cially responded to the pesticides.These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for manage-ment of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
文摘Cells producing cytokines often express the receptor for the same cytokine, which makes them prone to autocrine signaling. How cytokine release and signaling are regulated in the same cell is not understood? In this study, we demonstrate that signaling by exogenous and self-synthesized inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) within endosomal compartments acts as a cellular brake that limits the synthesis of IL-6. Our data show that IL-6 is internalized by dendritic cells and signals from endosomal compartments containing the IL-6 receptor. Newly synthesized IL-6 also traffics via these endosomal compartments and signals in transit to the plasma membrane. This allows activation of STAT3 which in turn limits toll-like receptor 4 stimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggered transcription of IL-6. Long-term exposure to LPS removes this brake via inhibition of STAT3 by increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and results in fully fledged IL-6 production. This transient regulation could prevent excessive IL-6 production during early infections.
文摘For biological nitrogen （N） removal from wastewater, a sufficient organic carbon source is requested fbr denitrification. However. the organic carbon/nitrogen ratio in municipal wastcwatcr is becoming lower in recent years, which increases the demand for the addition of external organic carbon, e.g. methanol, in wastewater treatment. The volatile fatty acids （VFAs） produced by acidogenic fenncntation of sewage sludge can be an attractive alternative for methanol. Chemically enhanced primary sedimentation （CEPS} is an effective process that applies chemical coagulants to enhance the removal of organic pollutants and phosphorus from wastewater by sedimentation. In temls of the chemical and biological characteristics, the CEPS sludge is considerably different from the conventional primary and secondary sludge. In the present study, FeCI3 and PACI （polyalunfinum chloride） were used as the coagulants for CEPS treatment of raw sewage. The derived CEPS sludge （Fe-sludge and Al-sludge） was then processed with mcsophilic acidogenic fennentation to hydrolysc the solid organics and produce VFAs for organic carbon recovery, and the sludge acidogenesis efficiency was compared with that of the conventional primary sludge and secondary sludge. The results showed that the Fe-sludge exhibited the highest hydrolysis and acidogenesis efficiency, while the Al-sludge and secondary＇ sludge had lower hydrolysis efficiency than that of primary sludge. Utilizing ffie Fc-sludgc fermentation liquid as tbc carbon source for denitrificatiom more than 99%of nitrate removal was achieved in the main-stream wastewater treatment without any external carbon addition, instead of 35% obtained from the conventional process of primary sedimentation followed by the oxic/anoxic （O/A） treatment.
文摘In this paper, a new solution to the problem of reconstructing the surface of 3D objects over a set of cross-sectional contours is proposed. An algorithm for single branch contours connection, which is based on the closest local polar angle method, is first presented. Then the branching problems (including non-singular branching and singular branching) are completely solved by decomposing them into several single-branching problems. Finally, these methods are applied to the reconstruction of the external surface of a complexly shaped object such as the cellular region of human brain. The results show that the presented methods are practical and satisfactory.
文摘Pot experiments and field trials were conducted to investigate the changes in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) soluble silicon (Si) in the leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to examine the feasibility of using TCA-soluble Si content as an index for diagnosing Si deficiency. The TCA-soluble Si content was significantly higher in the leaves of both Si-treated and -untreated rice at the elongation stage compared with that at tillering stage. It was also higher in the Si-treated plants than in the controls throughout the whole growth period.However, whether dressed at elongation or booting stage, silicon fertilizer resulted in a significant increase in TCA-soluble Si one week to ten days after application. The same was true for the total Si accumulation in the plants. A close positive correlation was found between TCA-soluble Si and total it in plants grown on pot soils (r=0.669, P<0.01, n=26). The results obtained in the field trials revealed that the available Si extracted by sodium acetate (pH 4.0) could not predict the response of rice to added Si in the calcareous soils satisfactorily. No significant correlation was found between soil available Si content and rice yield, but TCA-soluble Si in the leaf blades of rice was significantly correlated both with rice yield (r=0.57, P<0.01,n=30) and with total plant Si (r=0.89, P<0.01, n=30). It is recommended that, with 95 per cent confidence,the critical value of TCA-soluble Si in the leaves of rice should be 52-57 mg Si kg-1, above which no positive response of rice to added Si would be expected.
