The present study is focused on the evaluation of the tribological performance of novel Ni/h BN and Ni/WS_2 composite coatings electrodeposited from an additive-free Watts bath with the assistance of ultrasound. Lubri...The present study is focused on the evaluation of the tribological performance of novel Ni/h BN and Ni/WS_2 composite coatings electrodeposited from an additive-free Watts bath with the assistance of ultrasound. Lubricated and non-lubricated scratch tests were performed on both novel composite coatings and on standard Ni deposits used as a benchmark coating to have an initial idea of the effect of the presence of particles within the Ni matrix. Under lubricated conditions, the performance of the Ni/h BN composite coating was very similar to the benchmark Ni coating, whereas the Ni/WS_2 behaved quite differently, as the latter did not only show a lower coefficient of friction, but also prevented the occurrence of stick-slip motion that was clearly observed in the other coatings. Under non-lubricated conditions, whereas the tribological performance of the Ni/hBN composite coating was again very similar to that of the benchmark Ni coating, the Ni/WS_2 composite coatings again showed a remarkable enhancement, as the incorporation of the WS_2 particles into the Ni coating not only resulted in a lower coefficient of friction, but also in the prevention of coating failure.展开更多
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius are pathogenic bacteria which cause various infectious diseases from acute pharyngitis to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Although Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. e...Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius are pathogenic bacteria which cause various infectious diseases from acute pharyngitis to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Although Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius infection has been increasing recently, the recent characteristic investigation of respiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius has not been performed in Japan. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between respiratory tract and norespiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius by investigating the recent clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptible patterns of 98Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius isolated during 2013-2015 in Japan. There was significant difference of gender between respiratory tract and no respiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius. No Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius from no respiratory tract were found under 18 years-old patients. The prevalence of clindamycin non susceptible Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius isolates from respiratory tract was significant greater than those from non-respiratory tract. We also analyzed the relationship between respiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius and Streptococcus pyogenes in 2014.There was no significant difference of gender between Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius and Streptococcus pyogenes. The numbers of Streptococcus pyogenes-infected patients were significantly greater than those of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius-infected patients in children from 1 to 18 years old. From antimicrobial resistance, we found that the numbers of clarithromycin resistant Streptococcus pyogenes were greater than those of clarithromycin resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius among respiratory tract isolation. Our results suggest that the clinical and antimicrobial susceptible patterns are useful for screening the respirator展开更多
Addition of TiO2 to a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particle-dispersed composite contributes to the self-cleaning properties of the water-repellent composite. However, its application is limited to outdoor usage or u...Addition of TiO2 to a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particle-dispersed composite contributes to the self-cleaning properties of the water-repellent composite. However, its application is limited to outdoor usage or under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In this study, a novel visible-light-sensitive photocatalytic and superhydrophobic material was developed by adding Cu/WO3 to a PTFE particulate composite material to overcome this deficit. A remarkable property of this novel composite material is the synergistic antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylo-coccus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus compared with the addition of Cu/WO3 without PTFE particles material. During 24-h exposure in visible light at 2000 lx, the number of viable cells of the three strains on the surface of the 8wt% Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite decreased from 2 – 4 × 105 colony-formation units (CFUs) to less than 10, the limit of detection. This bactericidal rate is four times higher than that of 8wt% Cu/WO3 without PTFE particles material, which is attributed to the air trapped in the rough surface of the novel material providing additional oxygen to the photocatalytic reaction. Even for exposure to visible light at 100 lx, the decrease in CFUs of E. coli on the 12wt% Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite reached nearly 2.0 logs. The characterization of the Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite indicated that the composite material containing 80wt% PTFE maintained a superhydrophobic or water-repellent property with a water contact angle >150。, although the Cu/WO3 in the composite material remained hydrophilic under visible light. The Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite displayed photo-catalytic reactions to decompose oleic acid adsorbed on its surface and gaseous acetaldehyde under UV-A and visible-light illumination. All results demonstrate that the Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite material may be used in sterilization, as a water repellent, for self-cleaning, and展开更多
The synergistic antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of a Cu/WO3-added PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) particulate c...The synergistic antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of a Cu/WO3-added PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) particulate composite was reported in the previous paper. The origin of the synergistic antibacterial performance investigated by evaluating the photocatalytic decomposition of the Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite material is reported in the present paper. Addition of Cu/WO3, visible-light-sensitive photocatalyst, to the PTFE particle dispersed superhydrophobic composite does not deteriorate the superhydrophobic property of the composite. Furthermore the existence of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles dispersed in the composite enhances the antibacterial property caused by the Cu/WO3. The authors call this “The synergistic effect”. In this study, a novel synergistic property of the Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite was investigated by evaluating the degradation of gaseous acetaldehyde on the composite surface using visible light (10,000 lx) and UV-A (1 mW·cm-1) illumination. The 12 wt% Cu/WO3-8 wt% binder-80 wt% PTFE composite shows the synergistic visible-light-sensitive photocatalytic property. But 12 wt% Cu/WO3-44 wt% PTFE-44 wt% binder composite no longer shows the synergistic property of visible-light-sensitive photocatalytic property. The synergetic performance of visible-light-sensitive photocatalytic property appears only when PTFE concentration is larger than the critical point over which superhydrophobic property appears in accordance with the particulate composite model derived by the one of the authors. The hydrophobic surface leads to the low surface free energy derived by the revised Fowkes’s theory, which makes it difficult for bacteria to stick to the hydrophobic surface of the composite. Even if bacteria stick to the surface, they are decomposed by the visible-light-sensitive photocatalyst. This is the reason why the synergistic antibacterial performance against bact展开更多
Streptococcus pyogenes frequently causes purulent infections in humans. Biofilm formation is an important virulence property of S. pyogenes because of decreased susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotic treatment. Biof...Streptococcus pyogenes frequently causes purulent infections in humans. Biofilm formation is an important virulence property of S. pyogenes because of decreased susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotic treatment. Biofilm is composed of various types of matrix including glycocalyx which is an important exocellular matrix material related to bacterial sugar metabolism. A putative antiterminator protein, LicT (Spy0571), is one of the components of the glucose-independent β-gluco-side-specific phosphotransferase system (PTS). Although the PTS, a carbohydrate metabolic system, may play a role in biofilm formation, the relationship between LicT and biofilm formation has not yet been elucidated. Here, we evaluated whether LicT affected biofilm formation in modified chemically defined medium (CDMM) supplemented with glucose or β-glucoside:salicin. We created licT- and licT-complemented mutant strains from S. pyogenes 1529. Although the licT mutant strain tended to have higher growth rate than wild-typestrain in CDMM with glucose, it had a significant lower growth rate than the wild-type strain in CDMM with salicin. In addition, the licT mutant exhibited lower biofilm formation in CDMM containing salicin than the wild-type strain by 96 well plate analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis. Our results suggest that LicT plays an important role in biofilm formation of S. pyogenes.展开更多
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is crucial pathogen caused severe invasive infection disease. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of invasive Methic...Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is crucial pathogen caused severe invasive infection disease. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of invasive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates at general hospital in the central region of Japan from July 2014 to June 2015. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by micro dilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. Invasive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease was defined as isolation of bacteria from a normally sterile body site. One hundred seventy-one methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were isolated among which 95 (55.6%) were from inpatient and 76 (44.4%) were from outpatient. The age incidence of (0 - 1) years, (1 - 10) years, (11 - 40) years, (41 - 60) years and >60 years age groups were 18 (10.5%), 41 (24.0%), 15 (8.8%), 5 (2.9%), and 92 (53.8%) respectively. There was significant difference of age distribution between invasive and noninvasive disease in 0 - 1 years group and 11 - 40 years age group. Positive samples were received mostly from the pediatrics (56/32.7%), respiratory medicine (25/14.6%) and general medicine (25/14.6%). We also found the significant differences of department between invasive and noninvasive disease in pediatrics, dermatology, and surgery. Arbekacin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin were the most active antibiotics with 100% susceptible rates in our study. Our study revealed that erythromycin and gentamicin were more antimicrobial effective in invasive disease than in noninvasive disease significantly. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection spreads worldwide easily and inadequate use of antibiotics contributes to uptake of their new antimicrobial resistance. Continuous antimicrobial surveys are need for guiding policy on the adequate use of antibiotics to reduce the morbidity and mortality.展开更多
Streptococcus pneumonia infection is important cause of morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at gen...Streptococcus pneumonia infection is important cause of morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at general hospitalin the central region of Japan from December 2013 to February 2014. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by micro dilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. One hundred fifty-three Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated among which 80 (52.2%) were males and 73 (47.8%) were females. Nasal discharge (134%/87.6%) contributed more than other biological materials. The age incidence of (0 - 1) years, (1 - 10) years, (11 - 40) years, (41 - 60) years and >60 years age groups were 26 (17.0%), 110 (71.9%), 3 (2.0%), 10 (6.5%), and 4 (2.6%) respectively. Positive samples were received mostly from the pediatrics (137%/89.5%), respiratory medicine (12%/7.8%) and lowest from gastroenterology (1%/0.6%) and neurology (1/ 0.6%) department. Vancomycin and rifampicin were the most active antibiotics with 100% susceptibility rates. The next best were levofloxacin, penicillin G and ceftriaxone. Our study revealed that 82 Streptococcus pneumonia isolates had multidrug resistant ability (53.6%). Streptococcus pneumoniae infection spreads among community easily and inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to their resistance. Continuous antimicrobial susceptible surveys are essential to guide policy on the adequate use of antibiotics to reduce the morbidity and mortality and reduce the emergency of antimicrobial resistance.展开更多
It is necessary to decrease the weight of space satellites, while maintaining their stiffness. To achieve this weight reduction, many structures, such as honeycomb and isogrid, have been reported in the literature. In...It is necessary to decrease the weight of space satellites, while maintaining their stiffness. To achieve this weight reduction, many structures, such as honeycomb and isogrid, have been reported in the literature. In this paper, the diamond rib method, a mechanical design method for improving the stiffness of structures, is introduced. By applying this method to a small space satellite, we propose a new structure called the “Diamond Rib Structure”. This structure significantly improves the ability to withstand the vibrational disturbances in a rocket fairing.展开更多
Streptococcus pyogenesis most popularpathogen caused respiratory tract infection disease. This study was conducted to find out the recent clinical characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from respiratory tr...Streptococcus pyogenesis most popularpathogen caused respiratory tract infection disease. This study was conducted to find out the recent clinical characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from respiratory tract at Japanese hospital in 2014. Streptococcus pyogenes was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by micro dilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. Respiratory tract isolates were defined as isolation from pharynx, nasal discharge, tonsillar, and sputum. Total one hundred sixty-one Streptococcus pyogenes were isolated among which 136 were from respiratory tract and 25 were from non- respiratory tract. Respiratory tract-associated Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated among which 102 were from male and 59 were from female. The age incidence among 0 - 1 years age group was 8, among 1 - 18 years age group, 131 (p < 0.01), among 19 - 64 years age group, 17 (p < 0.01), and in 65-years it was 5. Although we investigated the relationship between season and bacterial isolation, we did not find any significant differences between respiratory tract and no respiratory tract isolation. However, our study revealed that clarithromycin was less antimicrobial effective in respiratory tract disease than in no respiratory tract disease significantly (p < 0.01). Although several antibiotics such as penicillin are still effective against Streptococcus pyogenes, incidence of Streptococcus pyogenes infection is not decreasing worldwide. Our study suggests the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance of Streptococcus pyogenes.展开更多
Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is popular pathogen caused various infectious disease. This study was conducted to find out the recent clinical characteristics of S. pyogenes isolates from vaginal discharge at Ja...Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is popular pathogen caused various infectious disease. This study was conducted to find out the recent clinical characteristics of S. pyogenes isolates from vaginal discharge at Japanese hospital. S. pyogenes was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by microdilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. Total 61 S. pyogenes were isolated from vaginal discharge. The major age incidence among 0 - 10 years age group was 14 (23%), among 21 - 30 years age group, 7 (11.5%), among 31 - 40 years age group, 13 (21.3%), among 51 - 60 years age group, 8 (13.1%), and among 61 - 70 years age group, 11 (18%). The numbers of ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin no-susceptible S. pyogenes from 0 - 10, 31 - 40, and 61-70 years age group were higher than those from other groups. The numbers of clindamycin and minocycline no susceptible S. pyogenes from 0 - 10, and 21 - 40 years age group were higher than those from other group. Furthermore, our study revealed that clarithromycin was completely ineffective in 21 - 30 years age group (p S. pyogenes because the trend of infectious disease epidemiology is always changing drastically.展开更多
Haemophilus influenzae is an important pathogen that caused several infection diseases, such as sinusitis, otitis media, sepsis, and meningitis. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial su...Haemophilus influenzae is an important pathogen that caused several infection diseases, such as sinusitis, otitis media, sepsis, and meningitis. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Haemophilus influenzae isolates at general hospital in the central region of Japan from December 2015 to January 2016. Haemophilus influenzae was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by micro dilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. One hundred ninety-one Haemophilus influenzae were isolated, among which 95 (49.7%) were from male and 96 (50.3%) were from female. The age incidence of (0) years, (≤2) years, (≤5) years, and (6≤) years groups were 22(11.5%), 92(48.2%), 61(31.9%), and 16(8.4%), respectively. Positive samples were received mostly from the nasal discharge (177/92.7%), sputum (6/3.1%), tonsillar (6/3.1%), and pharynx (2/1.0%). Ceftriaxone was the most active antibiotics with 100% susceptible rates, followed by ciprofloxacin (99.5%) and minocycline (99%) in our study. Furthermore, we categorized four patterns: beta lactamase-negative ampicillin-sensitive strain (BLNAS), beta lactamase-negative ampicillin-re- sistant strain (BLNAR), beta lactamase-positive ampicillin resistant strain (BLPAR), and beta lactamase-positive amoxicillin-clavulanic acid-resistant strain (BLPACR) from those ampicillin susceptible results. The numbers of female were significant greater than those of male in BLPAR (p = 0.0336). With respect to antimicrobial susceptible pattern, there was no minocycline and piperacillin resistant strain in both BLNAS and BLNAR (p展开更多
Addition formulas exist in trigonometric functions.Double-angle and half-angle formulas can be derived from these formulas.Moreover,the relation equation between the trigonometric function and the hyperbolic function ...Addition formulas exist in trigonometric functions.Double-angle and half-angle formulas can be derived from these formulas.Moreover,the relation equation between the trigonometric function and the hyperbolic function can be derived using an imaginary number.The inverse hyperbolic function arsinher(r)■ro 1/√1+t^(2)dt p1tt2 dt is similar to the inverse trigonometric function arcsiner(r)■ro 1/√1+t^(2)dt p1t2 dt,such as the second degree of a polynomial and the constant term 1,except for the sign−and+.Such an analogy holds not only when the degree of the polynomial is 2,but also for higher degrees.As such,a function exists with respect to the leaf function through the imaginary number i,such that the hyperbolic function exists with respect to the trigonometric function through this imaginary number.In this study,we refer to this function as the hyperbolic leaf function.By making such a definition,the relation equation between the leaf function and the hyperbolic leaf function makes it possible to easily derive various formulas,such as addition formulas of hyperbolic leaf functions based on the addition formulas of leaf functions.Using the addition formulas,we can also derive the double-angle and half-angle formulas.We then verify the consistency of these formulas by constructing graphs and numerical data.展开更多
According to the wave power rule,the second derivative of a functionχ(t)with respect to the variable t is equal to negative n times the functionχ(t)raised to the power of 2n?1.Solving the ordinary differential equat...According to the wave power rule,the second derivative of a functionχ(t)with respect to the variable t is equal to negative n times the functionχ(t)raised to the power of 2n?1.Solving the ordinary differential equations numerically results in waves appearing in the figures.The ordinary differential equation is very simple;however,waves,including the regular amplitude and period,are drawn in the figure.In this study,the function for obtaining the wave is called the leaf function.Based on the leaf function,the exact solutions for the undamped and unforced Duffing equations are presented.In the ordinary differential equation,in the positive region of the variableχ(t),the second derivative d^2χ(t)/dt^2 becomes negative.Therefore,in the case that the curves vary with the time under the conditionχ(t)>0,the gradient dχ(t)/d constantly decreases as time increases.That is,the tangential vector on the curve of the graph(with the abscissa and the ordinate χ(t)changes from the upper right direction to the lower right direction as time increases.On the other hand,in the negative region of the variableχ(t),the second derivative d^2χ(t)/dt^2 becomes positive.The gradient d χ(t)/d constantly increases as time decreases.That is,the tangent vector on the curve changes from the lower right direction to the upper right direction as time increases.Since the behavior occurring in the positive region of the variable χ(t)and the behavior occurring in the negative region of the variableχ(t)alternately occur in regular intervals,waves appear by these interactions.In this paper,I present seven types of damped and divergence exact solutions by combining trigonometric functions,hyperbolic functions,hyperbolic leaf functions,leaf functions,and exponential functions.In each type,I show the derivation method and numerical examples,as well as describe the features of the waveform.展开更多
Exact solutions of the cubic Duffing equation with the initial conditions are presented.These exact solutions are expressed in terms of leaf functions and trigonometric functions.The leaf function r=sleafn(t)or r=clea...Exact solutions of the cubic Duffing equation with the initial conditions are presented.These exact solutions are expressed in terms of leaf functions and trigonometric functions.The leaf function r=sleafn(t)or r=cleafn(t)satisfies the ordinary differential equation dx2/dt2=-nr2n-1.The second-order differential of the leaf function is equal to-n times the function raised to the(2n-1)power of the leaf function.By using the leaf functions,the exact solutions of the cubic Duffing equation can be derived under several conditions.These solutions are constructed using the integral functions of leaf functions sleaf2(t)and cleaf2(t)for the phase of a trigonometric function.Since the leaf function and the trigonometric function are used in combination,a highly accurate solution of the Duffing equation can be easily obtained based on the data of leaf functions.In this study,seven types of the exact solutions are derived from leaf functions;the derivation of the seven exact solutions is detailed in the paper.Finally,waves obtained by the exact solutions are graphically visualized with the numerical results.展开更多
This paper proposes an emotion judgment system by using an electroencephalogram(EEG)feature concept base with premise of noises included.This method references the word concept association system,which associates one ...This paper proposes an emotion judgment system by using an electroencephalogram(EEG)feature concept base with premise of noises included.This method references the word concept association system,which associates one word with other plural words and decides the relationship between several words.In this proposed emotion judgment system,the source EEG is input and 42 EEG features are constructed by EEG data;the data are then calculated by spectrum analysis and normalization.All 2945 EEG data of 4 emotions in the EEG data emotion knowledge base are calculated by the degree of association for getting the nearest EEG data from the EEG feature concept base constructed by 2844 concepts.From the experiment,the accuracy of the proposed system was 55.9%,which was higher than the support vector machine(SVM)method.As this result,the chain structured feature of the EEG feature concept base and the efficiency by the calculation of degree of association for EEG data help reduce the influence of the noise.展开更多
Our aim in this note is to deal with boundary limits of monotone Sobolev functions with Δu∈Lp（·）logLq（·）（B）for the unit ball B Rn.Here p（·） and q（·） are variable exponents satisfying t...Our aim in this note is to deal with boundary limits of monotone Sobolev functions with Δu∈Lp（·）logLq（·）（B）for the unit ball B Rn.Here p（·） and q（·） are variable exponents satisfying the log-H61der and the log log-H61der conditions, respectively.展开更多
Technical committee for Japanese industrial standard of heat treating oils has studied on the new method for testing cooling power of aqueous quenchants. This method employed the cooling curve test of a new sliver rod...Technical committee for Japanese industrial standard of heat treating oils has studied on the new method for testing cooling power of aqueous quenchants. This method employed the cooling curve test of a new sliver rod probe, which has a metal-sheathed thermocouple at its geometrical center. The experimental study has clarified that this probe has the higher sensitivity and excellent durability. In order to standardize this probe for cooling power test of aqueous quenchants, the repeatability and reproducibility of test results etc. have been studied. D.O.P. (Di-2-ethylthexyl Phthalate) was used as reference quenching fluid for initial calibration and for periodic calibration verification of the probe and system. In addition, 10% brine was used to check the response capability of the probe and system to the sudden change of temperature. These procedures are established according to the experimental investigation. This new test method is going to be built in the revised version of JIS K 2242 "Heat treating oils" as the cooling power test method for aqueous quenchants.展开更多
A lemniscate is a curve defined by two foci,F_(1) and F_(2).If the distance between the focal points of F_(1)−F_(2) is 2a(a:constant),then any point P on the lemniscate curve satisfy the equation PF_(1)·PF_(2)=a^...A lemniscate is a curve defined by two foci,F_(1) and F_(2).If the distance between the focal points of F_(1)−F_(2) is 2a(a:constant),then any point P on the lemniscate curve satisfy the equation PF_(1)·PF_(2)=a^(2).Jacob Bernoulli first described the lemniscate in 1694.The Fagnano discovered the double angle formula of the lemniscate(1718).The Euler extended the Fagnano’s formula to a more general addition theorem(1751).The lemniscate function was subsequently proposed by Gauss around the year 1800.These insights were summarized by Jacobi as the theory of elliptic functions.A leaf function is an extended lemniscate function.Some formulas of leaf functions have been presented in previous papers;these included the addition theorem of this function and its application to nonlinear equations.In this paper,the geometrical properties of leaf functions at n=2 and the geometric relation between the angle θ and lemniscate arc length l are presented using the lemniscate curve.The relationship between the leaf functions sleaf_(2)(l)and cleaf_(2)(l)is derived using the geometrical properties of the lemniscate,similarity of triangles,and the Pythagorean theorem.In the literature,the relation equation for sleaf_(2)(l)and cleaf_(2)(l)(or the lemniscate functions,sl(l)and cl(l))has been derived analytically;however,it is not derived geometrically.展开更多
基金TSB (now Innovate UK)EPSRC in UK for their funding through the KTP scheme
文摘The present study is focused on the evaluation of the tribological performance of novel Ni/h BN and Ni/WS_2 composite coatings electrodeposited from an additive-free Watts bath with the assistance of ultrasound. Lubricated and non-lubricated scratch tests were performed on both novel composite coatings and on standard Ni deposits used as a benchmark coating to have an initial idea of the effect of the presence of particles within the Ni matrix. Under lubricated conditions, the performance of the Ni/h BN composite coating was very similar to the benchmark Ni coating, whereas the Ni/WS_2 behaved quite differently, as the latter did not only show a lower coefficient of friction, but also prevented the occurrence of stick-slip motion that was clearly observed in the other coatings. Under non-lubricated conditions, whereas the tribological performance of the Ni/hBN composite coating was again very similar to that of the benchmark Ni coating, the Ni/WS_2 composite coatings again showed a remarkable enhancement, as the incorporation of the WS_2 particles into the Ni coating not only resulted in a lower coefficient of friction, but also in the prevention of coating failure.
文摘Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius are pathogenic bacteria which cause various infectious diseases from acute pharyngitis to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Although Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius infection has been increasing recently, the recent characteristic investigation of respiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius has not been performed in Japan. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between respiratory tract and norespiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius by investigating the recent clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptible patterns of 98Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius isolated during 2013-2015 in Japan. There was significant difference of gender between respiratory tract and no respiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius. No Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius from no respiratory tract were found under 18 years-old patients. The prevalence of clindamycin non susceptible Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius isolates from respiratory tract was significant greater than those from non-respiratory tract. We also analyzed the relationship between respiratory tract associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius and Streptococcus pyogenes in 2014.There was no significant difference of gender between Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius and Streptococcus pyogenes. The numbers of Streptococcus pyogenes-infected patients were significantly greater than those of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius-infected patients in children from 1 to 18 years old. From antimicrobial resistance, we found that the numbers of clarithromycin resistant Streptococcus pyogenes were greater than those of clarithromycin resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilius among respiratory tract isolation. Our results suggest that the clinical and antimicrobial susceptible patterns are useful for screening the respirator
文摘Addition of TiO2 to a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particle-dispersed composite contributes to the self-cleaning properties of the water-repellent composite. However, its application is limited to outdoor usage or under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In this study, a novel visible-light-sensitive photocatalytic and superhydrophobic material was developed by adding Cu/WO3 to a PTFE particulate composite material to overcome this deficit. A remarkable property of this novel composite material is the synergistic antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylo-coccus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus compared with the addition of Cu/WO3 without PTFE particles material. During 24-h exposure in visible light at 2000 lx, the number of viable cells of the three strains on the surface of the 8wt% Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite decreased from 2 – 4 × 105 colony-formation units (CFUs) to less than 10, the limit of detection. This bactericidal rate is four times higher than that of 8wt% Cu/WO3 without PTFE particles material, which is attributed to the air trapped in the rough surface of the novel material providing additional oxygen to the photocatalytic reaction. Even for exposure to visible light at 100 lx, the decrease in CFUs of E. coli on the 12wt% Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite reached nearly 2.0 logs. The characterization of the Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite indicated that the composite material containing 80wt% PTFE maintained a superhydrophobic or water-repellent property with a water contact angle >150。, although the Cu/WO3 in the composite material remained hydrophilic under visible light. The Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite displayed photo-catalytic reactions to decompose oleic acid adsorbed on its surface and gaseous acetaldehyde under UV-A and visible-light illumination. All results demonstrate that the Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite material may be used in sterilization, as a water repellent, for self-cleaning, and
文摘The synergistic antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of a Cu/WO3-added PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) particulate composite was reported in the previous paper. The origin of the synergistic antibacterial performance investigated by evaluating the photocatalytic decomposition of the Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite material is reported in the present paper. Addition of Cu/WO3, visible-light-sensitive photocatalyst, to the PTFE particle dispersed superhydrophobic composite does not deteriorate the superhydrophobic property of the composite. Furthermore the existence of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles dispersed in the composite enhances the antibacterial property caused by the Cu/WO3. The authors call this “The synergistic effect”. In this study, a novel synergistic property of the Cu/WO3-added PTFE particulate composite was investigated by evaluating the degradation of gaseous acetaldehyde on the composite surface using visible light (10,000 lx) and UV-A (1 mW·cm-1) illumination. The 12 wt% Cu/WO3-8 wt% binder-80 wt% PTFE composite shows the synergistic visible-light-sensitive photocatalytic property. But 12 wt% Cu/WO3-44 wt% PTFE-44 wt% binder composite no longer shows the synergistic property of visible-light-sensitive photocatalytic property. The synergetic performance of visible-light-sensitive photocatalytic property appears only when PTFE concentration is larger than the critical point over which superhydrophobic property appears in accordance with the particulate composite model derived by the one of the authors. The hydrophobic surface leads to the low surface free energy derived by the revised Fowkes’s theory, which makes it difficult for bacteria to stick to the hydrophobic surface of the composite. Even if bacteria stick to the surface, they are decomposed by the visible-light-sensitive photocatalyst. This is the reason why the synergistic antibacterial performance against bact
文摘Streptococcus pyogenes frequently causes purulent infections in humans. Biofilm formation is an important virulence property of S. pyogenes because of decreased susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotic treatment. Biofilm is composed of various types of matrix including glycocalyx which is an important exocellular matrix material related to bacterial sugar metabolism. A putative antiterminator protein, LicT (Spy0571), is one of the components of the glucose-independent β-gluco-side-specific phosphotransferase system (PTS). Although the PTS, a carbohydrate metabolic system, may play a role in biofilm formation, the relationship between LicT and biofilm formation has not yet been elucidated. Here, we evaluated whether LicT affected biofilm formation in modified chemically defined medium (CDMM) supplemented with glucose or β-glucoside:salicin. We created licT- and licT-complemented mutant strains from S. pyogenes 1529. Although the licT mutant strain tended to have higher growth rate than wild-typestrain in CDMM with glucose, it had a significant lower growth rate than the wild-type strain in CDMM with salicin. In addition, the licT mutant exhibited lower biofilm formation in CDMM containing salicin than the wild-type strain by 96 well plate analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis. Our results suggest that LicT plays an important role in biofilm formation of S. pyogenes.
文摘Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is crucial pathogen caused severe invasive infection disease. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of invasive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates at general hospital in the central region of Japan from July 2014 to June 2015. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by micro dilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. Invasive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease was defined as isolation of bacteria from a normally sterile body site. One hundred seventy-one methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were isolated among which 95 (55.6%) were from inpatient and 76 (44.4%) were from outpatient. The age incidence of (0 - 1) years, (1 - 10) years, (11 - 40) years, (41 - 60) years and >60 years age groups were 18 (10.5%), 41 (24.0%), 15 (8.8%), 5 (2.9%), and 92 (53.8%) respectively. There was significant difference of age distribution between invasive and noninvasive disease in 0 - 1 years group and 11 - 40 years age group. Positive samples were received mostly from the pediatrics (56/32.7%), respiratory medicine (25/14.6%) and general medicine (25/14.6%). We also found the significant differences of department between invasive and noninvasive disease in pediatrics, dermatology, and surgery. Arbekacin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin were the most active antibiotics with 100% susceptible rates in our study. Our study revealed that erythromycin and gentamicin were more antimicrobial effective in invasive disease than in noninvasive disease significantly. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection spreads worldwide easily and inadequate use of antibiotics contributes to uptake of their new antimicrobial resistance. Continuous antimicrobial surveys are need for guiding policy on the adequate use of antibiotics to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
文摘Streptococcus pneumonia infection is important cause of morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at general hospitalin the central region of Japan from December 2013 to February 2014. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by micro dilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. One hundred fifty-three Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated among which 80 (52.2%) were males and 73 (47.8%) were females. Nasal discharge (134%/87.6%) contributed more than other biological materials. The age incidence of (0 - 1) years, (1 - 10) years, (11 - 40) years, (41 - 60) years and >60 years age groups were 26 (17.0%), 110 (71.9%), 3 (2.0%), 10 (6.5%), and 4 (2.6%) respectively. Positive samples were received mostly from the pediatrics (137%/89.5%), respiratory medicine (12%/7.8%) and lowest from gastroenterology (1%/0.6%) and neurology (1/ 0.6%) department. Vancomycin and rifampicin were the most active antibiotics with 100% susceptibility rates. The next best were levofloxacin, penicillin G and ceftriaxone. Our study revealed that 82 Streptococcus pneumonia isolates had multidrug resistant ability (53.6%). Streptococcus pneumoniae infection spreads among community easily and inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to their resistance. Continuous antimicrobial susceptible surveys are essential to guide policy on the adequate use of antibiotics to reduce the morbidity and mortality and reduce the emergency of antimicrobial resistance.
文摘It is necessary to decrease the weight of space satellites, while maintaining their stiffness. To achieve this weight reduction, many structures, such as honeycomb and isogrid, have been reported in the literature. In this paper, the diamond rib method, a mechanical design method for improving the stiffness of structures, is introduced. By applying this method to a small space satellite, we propose a new structure called the “Diamond Rib Structure”. This structure significantly improves the ability to withstand the vibrational disturbances in a rocket fairing.
文摘Streptococcus pyogenesis most popularpathogen caused respiratory tract infection disease. This study was conducted to find out the recent clinical characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from respiratory tract at Japanese hospital in 2014. Streptococcus pyogenes was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by micro dilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. Respiratory tract isolates were defined as isolation from pharynx, nasal discharge, tonsillar, and sputum. Total one hundred sixty-one Streptococcus pyogenes were isolated among which 136 were from respiratory tract and 25 were from non- respiratory tract. Respiratory tract-associated Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated among which 102 were from male and 59 were from female. The age incidence among 0 - 1 years age group was 8, among 1 - 18 years age group, 131 (p < 0.01), among 19 - 64 years age group, 17 (p < 0.01), and in 65-years it was 5. Although we investigated the relationship between season and bacterial isolation, we did not find any significant differences between respiratory tract and no respiratory tract isolation. However, our study revealed that clarithromycin was less antimicrobial effective in respiratory tract disease than in no respiratory tract disease significantly (p < 0.01). Although several antibiotics such as penicillin are still effective against Streptococcus pyogenes, incidence of Streptococcus pyogenes infection is not decreasing worldwide. Our study suggests the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance of Streptococcus pyogenes.
文摘Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is popular pathogen caused various infectious disease. This study was conducted to find out the recent clinical characteristics of S. pyogenes isolates from vaginal discharge at Japanese hospital. S. pyogenes was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by microdilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. Total 61 S. pyogenes were isolated from vaginal discharge. The major age incidence among 0 - 10 years age group was 14 (23%), among 21 - 30 years age group, 7 (11.5%), among 31 - 40 years age group, 13 (21.3%), among 51 - 60 years age group, 8 (13.1%), and among 61 - 70 years age group, 11 (18%). The numbers of ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin no-susceptible S. pyogenes from 0 - 10, 31 - 40, and 61-70 years age group were higher than those from other groups. The numbers of clindamycin and minocycline no susceptible S. pyogenes from 0 - 10, and 21 - 40 years age group were higher than those from other group. Furthermore, our study revealed that clarithromycin was completely ineffective in 21 - 30 years age group (p S. pyogenes because the trend of infectious disease epidemiology is always changing drastically.
文摘Haemophilus influenzae is an important pathogen that caused several infection diseases, such as sinusitis, otitis media, sepsis, and meningitis. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Haemophilus influenzae isolates at general hospital in the central region of Japan from December 2015 to January 2016. Haemophilus influenzae was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by micro dilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. One hundred ninety-one Haemophilus influenzae were isolated, among which 95 (49.7%) were from male and 96 (50.3%) were from female. The age incidence of (0) years, (≤2) years, (≤5) years, and (6≤) years groups were 22(11.5%), 92(48.2%), 61(31.9%), and 16(8.4%), respectively. Positive samples were received mostly from the nasal discharge (177/92.7%), sputum (6/3.1%), tonsillar (6/3.1%), and pharynx (2/1.0%). Ceftriaxone was the most active antibiotics with 100% susceptible rates, followed by ciprofloxacin (99.5%) and minocycline (99%) in our study. Furthermore, we categorized four patterns: beta lactamase-negative ampicillin-sensitive strain (BLNAS), beta lactamase-negative ampicillin-re- sistant strain (BLNAR), beta lactamase-positive ampicillin resistant strain (BLPAR), and beta lactamase-positive amoxicillin-clavulanic acid-resistant strain (BLPACR) from those ampicillin susceptible results. The numbers of female were significant greater than those of male in BLPAR (p = 0.0336). With respect to antimicrobial susceptible pattern, there was no minocycline and piperacillin resistant strain in both BLNAS and BLNAR (p
文摘Addition formulas exist in trigonometric functions.Double-angle and half-angle formulas can be derived from these formulas.Moreover,the relation equation between the trigonometric function and the hyperbolic function can be derived using an imaginary number.The inverse hyperbolic function arsinher(r)■ro 1/√1+t^(2)dt p1tt2 dt is similar to the inverse trigonometric function arcsiner(r)■ro 1/√1+t^(2)dt p1t2 dt,such as the second degree of a polynomial and the constant term 1,except for the sign−and+.Such an analogy holds not only when the degree of the polynomial is 2,but also for higher degrees.As such,a function exists with respect to the leaf function through the imaginary number i,such that the hyperbolic function exists with respect to the trigonometric function through this imaginary number.In this study,we refer to this function as the hyperbolic leaf function.By making such a definition,the relation equation between the leaf function and the hyperbolic leaf function makes it possible to easily derive various formulas,such as addition formulas of hyperbolic leaf functions based on the addition formulas of leaf functions.Using the addition formulas,we can also derive the double-angle and half-angle formulas.We then verify the consistency of these formulas by constructing graphs and numerical data.
文摘According to the wave power rule,the second derivative of a functionχ(t)with respect to the variable t is equal to negative n times the functionχ(t)raised to the power of 2n?1.Solving the ordinary differential equations numerically results in waves appearing in the figures.The ordinary differential equation is very simple;however,waves,including the regular amplitude and period,are drawn in the figure.In this study,the function for obtaining the wave is called the leaf function.Based on the leaf function,the exact solutions for the undamped and unforced Duffing equations are presented.In the ordinary differential equation,in the positive region of the variableχ(t),the second derivative d^2χ(t)/dt^2 becomes negative.Therefore,in the case that the curves vary with the time under the conditionχ(t)>0,the gradient dχ(t)/d constantly decreases as time increases.That is,the tangential vector on the curve of the graph(with the abscissa and the ordinate χ(t)changes from the upper right direction to the lower right direction as time increases.On the other hand,in the negative region of the variableχ(t),the second derivative d^2χ(t)/dt^2 becomes positive.The gradient d χ(t)/d constantly increases as time decreases.That is,the tangent vector on the curve changes from the lower right direction to the upper right direction as time increases.Since the behavior occurring in the positive region of the variable χ(t)and the behavior occurring in the negative region of the variableχ(t)alternately occur in regular intervals,waves appear by these interactions.In this paper,I present seven types of damped and divergence exact solutions by combining trigonometric functions,hyperbolic functions,hyperbolic leaf functions,leaf functions,and exponential functions.In each type,I show the derivation method and numerical examples,as well as describe the features of the waveform.
文摘Exact solutions of the cubic Duffing equation with the initial conditions are presented.These exact solutions are expressed in terms of leaf functions and trigonometric functions.The leaf function r=sleafn(t)or r=cleafn(t)satisfies the ordinary differential equation dx2/dt2=-nr2n-1.The second-order differential of the leaf function is equal to-n times the function raised to the(2n-1)power of the leaf function.By using the leaf functions,the exact solutions of the cubic Duffing equation can be derived under several conditions.These solutions are constructed using the integral functions of leaf functions sleaf2(t)and cleaf2(t)for the phase of a trigonometric function.Since the leaf function and the trigonometric function are used in combination,a highly accurate solution of the Duffing equation can be easily obtained based on the data of leaf functions.In this study,seven types of the exact solutions are derived from leaf functions;the derivation of the seven exact solutions is detailed in the paper.Finally,waves obtained by the exact solutions are graphically visualized with the numerical results.
基金supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,16K00311).
文摘This paper proposes an emotion judgment system by using an electroencephalogram(EEG)feature concept base with premise of noises included.This method references the word concept association system,which associates one word with other plural words and decides the relationship between several words.In this proposed emotion judgment system,the source EEG is input and 42 EEG features are constructed by EEG data;the data are then calculated by spectrum analysis and normalization.All 2945 EEG data of 4 emotions in the EEG data emotion knowledge base are calculated by the degree of association for getting the nearest EEG data from the EEG feature concept base constructed by 2844 concepts.From the experiment,the accuracy of the proposed system was 55.9%,which was higher than the support vector machine(SVM)method.As this result,the chain structured feature of the EEG feature concept base and the efficiency by the calculation of degree of association for EEG data help reduce the influence of the noise.
基金supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (Grant No. 21540183)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
文摘Our aim in this note is to deal with boundary limits of monotone Sobolev functions with Δu∈Lp（·）logLq（·）（B）for the unit ball B Rn.Here p（·） and q（·） are variable exponents satisfying the log-H61der and the log log-H61der conditions, respectively.
文摘Technical committee for Japanese industrial standard of heat treating oils has studied on the new method for testing cooling power of aqueous quenchants. This method employed the cooling curve test of a new sliver rod probe, which has a metal-sheathed thermocouple at its geometrical center. The experimental study has clarified that this probe has the higher sensitivity and excellent durability. In order to standardize this probe for cooling power test of aqueous quenchants, the repeatability and reproducibility of test results etc. have been studied. D.O.P. (Di-2-ethylthexyl Phthalate) was used as reference quenching fluid for initial calibration and for periodic calibration verification of the probe and system. In addition, 10% brine was used to check the response capability of the probe and system to the sudden change of temperature. These procedures are established according to the experimental investigation. This new test method is going to be built in the revised version of JIS K 2242 "Heat treating oils" as the cooling power test method for aqueous quenchants.
基金supported by Daido University research Grants(2020).
文摘A lemniscate is a curve defined by two foci,F_(1) and F_(2).If the distance between the focal points of F_(1)−F_(2) is 2a(a:constant),then any point P on the lemniscate curve satisfy the equation PF_(1)·PF_(2)=a^(2).Jacob Bernoulli first described the lemniscate in 1694.The Fagnano discovered the double angle formula of the lemniscate(1718).The Euler extended the Fagnano’s formula to a more general addition theorem(1751).The lemniscate function was subsequently proposed by Gauss around the year 1800.These insights were summarized by Jacobi as the theory of elliptic functions.A leaf function is an extended lemniscate function.Some formulas of leaf functions have been presented in previous papers;these included the addition theorem of this function and its application to nonlinear equations.In this paper,the geometrical properties of leaf functions at n=2 and the geometric relation between the angle θ and lemniscate arc length l are presented using the lemniscate curve.The relationship between the leaf functions sleaf_(2)(l)and cleaf_(2)(l)is derived using the geometrical properties of the lemniscate,similarity of triangles,and the Pythagorean theorem.In the literature,the relation equation for sleaf_(2)(l)and cleaf_(2)(l)(or the lemniscate functions,sl(l)and cl(l))has been derived analytically;however,it is not derived geometrically.
