治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代...治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从"强烈推荐"到"可能有用"的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的"治疗参考浓度范围"和"剂量相关参考浓度范围"呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了"实验室警戒浓度"的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中展开更多
A small spring fed stream precipitates calcite by outgassing of CO<sub>2</sub> due to chemically controlled inorganic processes. The chemical composition of the water was measured along 9 stations downstre...A small spring fed stream precipitates calcite by outgassing of CO<sub>2</sub> due to chemically controlled inorganic processes. The chemical composition of the water was measured along 9 stations downstream with respect to Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, carbonate alkalinlty, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>. Temperature and pH were measured in situ. Small rectangular shaped tablets of limestone from the area were immersed into the stream for short periods and water analyses were carried out at the same time. From weight increase of the tablets, precipitation rates展开更多
The locations,magnitudes,variations and mechanisms responsible for the global CO2 sink are uncer-tain and under debate.Here,we show,based on theoretical calculations and evidences from field monitoring results,that th...The locations,magnitudes,variations and mechanisms responsible for the global CO2 sink are uncer-tain and under debate.Here,we show,based on theoretical calculations and evidences from field monitoring results,that there is a possible important CO2 sink(as DIC-dissolved inorganic carbon)by the global water cycle.The sink constitutes up to 0.8013 Pg C/a(or 10.1% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emission,or 28.6% of the missing CO2 sink),and is formed by the CO2 absorption of water and subsequent enhanced consumption by carbonate dissolution and aquatic plant photosynthesis.Of the sink,0.5188 Pg C/a goes to sea via precipitation over sea(0.2748 Pg C/a)and continental rivers(0.244 Pg C/a),0.158 Pg C/a is released to the atmosphere again,and 0.1245 Pg C/a is stored in the continental aquatic ecosystem.Therefore,the net sink could be 0.6433 Pg C/a.This sink may increase with the global-warming-intensified global water cycle,the increase in CO2 and carbonate dust in atmosphere,and reforestation/afforestation,the latter increasing soil CO2,and thus the concentration of the DIC in water.展开更多
Nonmetal elements strictly govern the electrochemical performance of molybdenum compounds.Yet,the exact role played by nonmetals during electrocatalysis remains largely obscure.With intermetallic MoSi_2comprising sili...Nonmetal elements strictly govern the electrochemical performance of molybdenum compounds.Yet,the exact role played by nonmetals during electrocatalysis remains largely obscure.With intermetallic MoSi_2comprising silicene subunits,we present an unprecedented hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)behavior in aqueous alkaline solution.Under continuous operation,the HER activity of MoSi_2shows a more than one order of magnitude improvement in current density from 1.1 to 21.5 mA cm^(à2)at 0.4 V overpotential.Meanwhile,this activation behavior is highly reversible,such that voltage withdrawal leads to catalyst inactivation but another operation causes reactivation.Thus,the system shows dynamics strikingly analogous to the legendary Sisyphus’labor,which drops and recovers in a stepwise manner repeatedly,but never succeeds in reaching the top of the mountain.Isomorphic WSi_2behaves almost the same as MoSi_2,whereas other metal silicides with silicyne subunits,including CrSi_2and TaSi_2,do not exhibit any anomalous behavior.A thin amorphous shell of MoSi_2is observed after reaction,within which the Si remains partially oxidized while the oxidation state of Mo is basically unchanged.First-principles calculations further reveal that the adsorption of hydroxide ions on silicene subunit edges and the subsequent Si vacancy formation in MoSi_2jointly lead to the anomalous HER kinetics of the adjacent Mo active centers.This work demonstrates that the role of nonmetal varies dramatically with the electronic and crystallographic structures of silicides and that silicene structural subunit may serve as a promoter for boosting HER in alkaline media.展开更多
治疗药物监测(Therapeutic Drug Monitoring,TDM)通过定量测定和解释血药浓度以优化药物治疗。TDM着眼于药代动力学的个体差异,使个体化药物治疗成为可能。在精神病学和神经病学领域中,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括少年儿童...治疗药物监测(Therapeutic Drug Monitoring,TDM)通过定量测定和解释血药浓度以优化药物治疗。TDM着眼于药代动力学的个体差异,使个体化药物治疗成为可能。在精神病学和神经病学领域中,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括少年儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智障患者、药物滥用者、涉法精神病患者、已知或怀疑药代动力学异常的患者以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。常规剂量下治疗无效,用药依从性难以判断,药物耐受性不佳,以及可能存在药代动力学方面的药物-药物相互作用等情况都是治疗药物监测的典型指征。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了向临床医生和实验室提供有效的TDM信息,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了第一版《精神科治疗药物监测指南》。2011年进行了更新之后,现在再次更新。遵循新版指南,可能会改善神经精神药物治疗的效果,加快很多患者的康复,并降低医疗费用。展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are urgently required for achieving practical all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) but remain plagued by low ionic conductivity.Herein,we propose a strategy of salt polar...Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are urgently required for achieving practical all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) but remain plagued by low ionic conductivity.Herein,we propose a strategy of salt polarization to fabricate a highly ion-conductive SPE by employing a high-dielectric polymer that can interact strongly with lithium salts.Such a polymer with large dipole moments can guide lithium cations (Li^(+)) to be arranged along the chain,forming a continuous pathway for Li^(+) hopping within the SPE.The as-fabricated SPE,poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF)-LiN(SO_(2)F)_(2)(LiFSI),has an extraordinarily high dielectric constant (up to 10^(8)) and ultrahigh ionic conductivity (0.77×10^(-3)S cm^(-1)).Based on the PVDF–LiFSI SPE,the assembled Li metal symmetrical cell shows excellent Li plating/stripping reversibility at 0.1 m A cm^(-2),0.1 m Ah cm^(-2)over 1500 h^(-1) the ASS LiFePO_(4) batteries deliver long-term cycling stability at 1 C over 350 cycles (2.74 mg cm^(-2)) and an ultralong cycling lifespan of over 2600 h(100 cycles) with high loading (11.5 mg cm^(-2)) at 28°C.First-principles calculations further reveal the ion-dipole interactions-controlled conduction of Li^(+) in PVDF–LiFSI SPE along the PVDF chain.This work highlights the critical role of dielectric permittivity in SPE,and provides a promising path towards high-energy,long-cycling lifespan ASSLMBs.展开更多
Recent and paleo-submarine landslides are widely distributed within strata in deep-water areas along continental slopes, uplifts, and carbonate platforms on the north continental margin of the South China Sea(SCS). In...Recent and paleo-submarine landslides are widely distributed within strata in deep-water areas along continental slopes, uplifts, and carbonate platforms on the north continental margin of the South China Sea(SCS). In this paper, high-resolution 3D seismic data and multibeam data based on seismic sedimentology and geomorphology are employed to assist in identifying submarine landslides. In addition, deposition models are proposed that are based on specific geological structures and features, and which illustrate the local stress field over entire submarine landslides in deep-water areas of the SCS. The SCS is one of the largest fluvial sediment sinks in enclosed or semi-enclosed marginal seas worldwide. It therefore provides a set of preconditions for the formation of submarine landslides, including rapid sediment accumulation, formation of gas hydrates, and fluid overpressure. A new concept involving temporal and spatial analyses is tested to construct a relationship between submarine landslides and different time scale trigger mechanisms, and three mechanisms are discussed in the context of spatial scale and temporal frequency: evolution of slope gradient and overpressure, global environmental changes, and tectonic events. Submarine landslides that are triggered by tectonic events are the largest but occur less frequently, while submarine landslides triggered by the combination of slope gradient and overpressure evolution are the smallest but most frequently occurring events. In summary, analysis shows that the formation of submarine landslides is a complex process involving the operation of different factors on various time scales.展开更多
Lithium(Li)metal batteries(LMBs)can potentially deliver much higher energy density but remain plagued by uncontrollable Li plating with dendrite growth,unstable interfaces,and highly abundant excess Li(>50 mAh·...Lithium(Li)metal batteries(LMBs)can potentially deliver much higher energy density but remain plagued by uncontrollable Li plating with dendrite growth,unstable interfaces,and highly abundant excess Li(>50 mAh·cm^(-2)).Herein,different from the artificial layer or three-dimensional(3D)matrix host constructions,various dielectric polymers are initially well-comprehensively investigated from experimental characterizations to theoretical simulation to evaluate their functions in modulating Li ion distribution.As a proof of concept,a 3D interwoven high dielectric functional polymer(HDFP)nanofiber network with polar C-F dipole moments electrospun on copper(Cu)foil is designed,realizing uniform and controllable Li deposition capacity up to 5.0 mAh·cm^(-2),thereby enabling stable Li plating/stripping cycling over 1400 h at 1.0 mA·cm^(-2).More importantly,under the highcathode loading(~3.1 mAh·cm^(-2))and only 0.6×excess Li(N/P ratio of 1.6),the full cells retain capacity retention of 97.4%after 200 cycles at 3.36 mA·cm^(-2)and achieve high energy density(297.7 Wh·kg^(-1)at cell-level)under lean electrolyte conditions(15μL),much better than ever-reported literatures.Our work provides a new direction for designing high dielectric polymer coating toward high-retention-rate practical Li full batteries.展开更多
273 samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1146 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed for grain-size distributions using grain-size class vs. standard deviation method and end-member modeling alg...273 samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1146 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed for grain-size distributions using grain-size class vs. standard deviation method and end-member modeling algorithm (EMMA) in order to investigate the evolution of the East Asian monsoon since about 20 Ma. 10–19 μm/1.3–2.4 μm, the ratio of two grain-size populations with the highest variability through time was used to indicate East Asian winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon. The mass accumulation rate of the coarsest end member EM1 (eolian), resulting from EMMA, can be used as a proxy of winter monsoon strength and Asian inland aridity, and the ratio of EM1/(EM2+EM3) as a proxy of winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon. The combined proxies show that a profound enhancement of East Asian winter monsoon strength and winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon occurred at about 8 Ma, and it is possible that the summer monsoon simultaneously intensified with winter monsoon at 3 Ma. Our results are well consistent with the previous studies in loess, eolian deposion in the Pacifc, radiolarians and planktonic foraminifera in the SCS. The phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau may have played a significant role in strengthening the Asian monsoon at 8 Ma and 3 Ma.展开更多
Rapid declines in Arctic sea ice have captured attention and pose significant challenges to a variety of stakeholders. There is a rising demand for Arctic sea ice prediction at daily to seasonal time scales, which is ...Rapid declines in Arctic sea ice have captured attention and pose significant challenges to a variety of stakeholders. There is a rising demand for Arctic sea ice prediction at daily to seasonal time scales, which is partly a sea ice initial condition problem. Thus, a multivariate data assimilation that integrates sea ice observations to generate realistic and skillful model initialization is needed to improve predictive skill of Arctic sea ice. Sea ice data assimilation is a relatively new research area. In this review paper, we focus on two challenges for implementing multivariate data assimilation systems for sea ice forecast. First, to address the challenge of limited spatiotemporal coverage and large uncertainties of observations, we discuss sea ice parameters derived from satellite remote sensing that(1) have been utilized for improved model initialization, including concentration, thickness and drift, and(2) are currently under development with the potential for enhancing the predictability of Arctic sea ice, including melt ponds and sea ice leads. Second, to strive to generate the ‘‘best" estimate of sea ice initial conditions by combining model simulations/forecasts and observations, we review capabilities and limitations of different data assimilation techniques that have been developed and used to assimilate observed sea ice parameters in dynamical models.展开更多
Because of the complex constraint effects among layers in multi-layered metallic bellows hydroforming,the stress concentration and defects such as wrinkling and fracture may easily occur.It is a key to reveal the defo...Because of the complex constraint effects among layers in multi-layered metallic bellows hydroforming,the stress concentration and defects such as wrinkling and fracture may easily occur.It is a key to reveal the deformation behaviors in order to obtain a sound product.Based on the ABAQUS platform,a 3 D-FE model of the four-layered U-shaped metallic bellow hydroforming process is established and validated by experiment.The stress and strain distributions,wall thickness variations and bellow profiles of each layer in the whole process,including bulging,folding and springback stages,are studied.Then deformation behaviors of bellows under different forming conditions are discussed.It is found that the wall thinning degrees of different layer vary after hydroforming,and is the largest for the inner layer and smallest for the outer layer.At folding stage,the wall thinning degree of the crown point increases lineally,and the difference among layers increases as the process going.The displacements of the crown point decrease from the inner layer to the outer layer.After springback,the U-shaped cross section changes to a tongue shape,the change of convolution pitch is much larger than the change of convolution height,and the springback values of the inner layer are smaller than the outer layer.An increase in the internal pressure and die spacing cause the maximum wall thinning degree and springback increase.With changing of process parameters,bellows with deep convolution are easily encountered wall thinning during hydroforming and convolution distortion after springback.This research is helpful for precision forming of multi-layered bellows.展开更多
Seafloor topography plays an important role in the evolution of submarine lobes.However,it is still not so clear how the shape of slope affects the three-dimensional(3-D)architecture of submarine lobes.In this study,w...Seafloor topography plays an important role in the evolution of submarine lobes.However,it is still not so clear how the shape of slope affects the three-dimensional(3-D)architecture of submarine lobes.In this study,we analyze the effect of topography factors on different hierarchical lobe architectures that formed during Pliocene to Quaternary in the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa.We characterize the shape,size and growth pattern of different hierarchical lobe architectures using 3-D seismic data.We find that the relief of the topographic slope determines the location of preferential deposition of lobe complexes and single lobes.When the topography is irregular and presents topographic lows,lobe complexes first infill these depressions.Single lobes are deposited preferentially at positions with higher longitudinal(i.e.across-slope)slope gradients.As the longitudinal slope becomes higher,the aspect ratio of the single lobes increases.Lateral(i.e.along-slope)topography does not seem to have a strong influence on the shape of single lobe,but it seems to affect the overlap of single lobes.When the lateral slope gradient is relatively high,the single lobes tend to have a larger overlap surface.Furthermore,as the average of lateral slope and longitudinal slope gets greater,the width/thickness ratio of the single lobe is smaller,i.e.sediments tend to accumulate vertically.The results demonstrate that the shape of slopes more comprehensively influences the 3-D architecture of lobes in natural deep-sea systems than previously other lobe deposits and analogue experiments,which helps us better understand the development and evolution of the distal parts of turbidite systems.展开更多
Titanium(Ti)alloys are widely used in high-tech fields like aerospace and biomedical engineering.Laser additive manufacturing(LAM),as an innovative technology,is the key driver for the development of Ti alloys.Despite...Titanium(Ti)alloys are widely used in high-tech fields like aerospace and biomedical engineering.Laser additive manufacturing(LAM),as an innovative technology,is the key driver for the development of Ti alloys.Despite the significant advancements in LAM of Ti alloys,there remain challenges that need further research and development efforts.To recap the potential of LAM high-performance Ti alloy,this article systematically reviews LAM Ti alloys with up-to-date information on process,materials,and properties.Several feasible solutions to advance LAM Ti alloys are reviewed,including intelligent process parameters optimization,LAM process innovation with auxiliary fields and novel Ti alloys customization for LAM.The auxiliary energy fields(e.g.thermal,acoustic,mechanical deformation and magnetic fields)can affect the melt pool dynamics and solidification behaviour during LAM of Ti alloys,altering microstructures and mechanical performances.Different kinds of novel Ti alloys customized for LAM,like peritecticα-Ti,eutectoid(α+β)-Ti,hybrid(α+β)-Ti,isomorphousβ-Ti and eutecticβ-Ti alloys are reviewed in detail.Furthermore,machine learning in accelerating the LAM process optimization and new materials development is also outlooked.This review summarizes the material properties and performance envelops and benchmarks the research achievements in LAM of Ti alloys.In addition,the perspectives and further trends in LAM of Ti alloys are also highlighted.展开更多
The distribution–allocation problem is known as one of the most comprehensive strategic decisions.In real-world cases,it is impossible to solve a distribution–allocation problem completely in acceptable time.This fo...The distribution–allocation problem is known as one of the most comprehensive strategic decisions.In real-world cases,it is impossible to solve a distribution–allocation problem completely in acceptable time.This forces the researchers to develop efficient heuristic techniques for the large-term operation of the whole supply chain.These techniques provide near optimal solution and are comparably fast particularly for large-scale test problems.This paper presents an integrated supply chain model which is flexible in the delivery path.As solution methodology,we apply a memetic algorithm with a novelty in population presentation.To identify the optimum operating condition of the proposed memetic algorithm,Taguchi method is adopted.In this study,four factors,namely population size,crossover rate,local search iteration and number of iteration,are considered.Determining the best level of the considered parameters is the outlook of this research.展开更多
Arctic Ocean gateway fluxes play a crucial role in linking the Arctic with the global ocean and affecting climate and marine ecosystems.We reviewed past studies on Arctic-Subarctic ocean linkages and examined their ch...Arctic Ocean gateway fluxes play a crucial role in linking the Arctic with the global ocean and affecting climate and marine ecosystems.We reviewed past studies on Arctic-Subarctic ocean linkages and examined their changes and driving mechanisms.Our review highlights that radical changes occurred in the inflows and outflows of the Arctic Ocean during the 2010s.Specifically,the Pacific inflow temperature in the Bering Strait and Atlantic inflow temperature in the Fram Strait hit record highs,while the Pacific inflow salinity in the Bering Strait and Arctic outflow salinity in the Davis and Fram straits hit record lows.Both the ocean heat convergence from lower latitudes to the Arctic and the hydrological cycle connecting the Arctic with Subarctic seas were stronger in 2000-2020 than in 1980-2000.CMIP6 models project a continuing increase in poleward ocean heat convergence in the 21st century,mainly due to warming of inflow waters.They also predict an increase in freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean,with the largest increase in freshwater export expected to occur in the Fram Strait due to both increased ocean volume export and decreased salinity.Fram Strait sea ice volume export hit a record low in the 2010s and is projected to continue to decrease along with Arctic sea ice decline.We quantitatively attribute the variability of the volume,heat,and freshwater transports in the Arctic gateways to forcing within and outside the Arctic based on dedicated numerical simulations and emphasize the importance of both origins in driving the variability.展开更多
To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens,mass spectrometry(MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques,including the selected reaction monitoring(SRM),parallel r...To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens,mass spectrometry(MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques,including the selected reaction monitoring(SRM),parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and massively parallel dataindependent acquisition(DIA),have been developed.For optimal performance,they require the fragment ion spectra of targeted peptides as prior knowledge.In this report,we describe a MS pipeline and spectral resource to support targeted proteomics studies for human tissue samples.To build the spectral resource,we integrated common open-source MS computational tools to assemble a freely accessible computational workflow based on Docker.We then applied the workflow to generate DPHL,a comprehensive DIA pan-human library,from 1096 data-dependent acquisition(DDA)MS raw files for 16 types of cancer samples.This extensive spectral resource was then applied to a proteomic study of 17 prostate cancer(PCa)patients.Thereafter,PRM validation was applied to a larger study of 57 PCa patients and the differential expression of three proteins in prostate tumor was validated.As a second application,the DPHL spectral resource was applied to a study consisting of plasma samples from 19 diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL)patients and 18 healthy control subjects.Differentially expressed proteins between DLBCL patients and healthy control subjects were detected by DIA-MS and confirmed by PRM.These data demonstrate that the DPHL supports DIA and PRM MS pipelines for robust protein biomarker discovery.DPHL is freely accessible at https://www.iprox.org/page/project.html?id=IPX0001400000.展开更多
In the Review Article"A Review of Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages:Past Changes,Mechanisms,and Future Projections"[1],the x-axis in Figure 4B and y-axis in Figure 8F were skewed during picture beautification...In the Review Article"A Review of Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages:Past Changes,Mechanisms,and Future Projections"[1],the x-axis in Figure 4B and y-axis in Figure 8F were skewed during picture beautification by an artist.These errors did not affect the conclusions of the paper.Figures 4B and 8F have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML(full text).展开更多
Background Esophageal cancer survival is poor worldwide,though there is some variation.Differences in the distribution of anatomical sub-site and morphological sub-type may help explain international differences in su...Background Esophageal cancer survival is poor worldwide,though there is some variation.Differences in the distribution of anatomical sub-site and morphological sub-type may help explain international differences in survival for all esophageal cancers combined.We estimated survival by anatomic sub-site and morphological sub-type to understand further the impact of topography and morphology on international comparisons of esophageal cancer survival.Methods We estimated age-standardized one-year and five-year net survival among adults(15-99 years)diagnosed with esophageal cancer in each of 60 participating countries to monitor survival trends by calendar period of diagnosis(2000-2004,2005-2009,2010-2014),sub-site,morphology,and sex.Results For adults diagnosed during 2010-2014,tumors in the lower third of the esophagus were the most common,followed by tumors of overlapping sub-site and sub-site not otherwise specified.The proportion of squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed during 2010-2014 was generally higher in Asian countries(50%-90%),while adenocarcinomas were more common in Europe,North America and Oceania(50%-60%).From 2000-2004 to 2010-2014,the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma generally decreased,and the proportion of adenocarcinoma increased.Over time,there were few improvements in age-standardized five-year survival for each sub-site.Age-standardized one-year survival was highest in Japan for both squamous cell carcinoma(67.7%)and adenocarcinoma(69.0%),ranging between 20%-60%in most other countries.Age-standardized five-year survival from squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was similar for most countries included,around 15%-20%for adults diagnosed during 2010-2014,though international variation was wider for squamous cell carcinoma.In most countries,survival for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma increased by less than 5%between 2000-2004 and 2010-2014.Conclusions Esophageal cancer survival remains poor in many countries.The distributions of sub-site and morphological sub-type vary bet展开更多
文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从"强烈推荐"到"可能有用"的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的"治疗参考浓度范围"和"剂量相关参考浓度范围"呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了"实验室警戒浓度"的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中
文摘A small spring fed stream precipitates calcite by outgassing of CO<sub>2</sub> due to chemically controlled inorganic processes. The chemical composition of the water was measured along 9 stations downstream with respect to Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, carbonate alkalinlty, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>. Temperature and pH were measured in situ. Small rectangular shaped tablets of limestone from the area were immersed into the stream for short periods and water analyses were carried out at the same time. From weight increase of the tablets, precipitation rates
基金the Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Knowledge Innovation Program the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-YW-306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40572017)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2005DIB3J067)
文摘The locations,magnitudes,variations and mechanisms responsible for the global CO2 sink are uncer-tain and under debate.Here,we show,based on theoretical calculations and evidences from field monitoring results,that there is a possible important CO2 sink(as DIC-dissolved inorganic carbon)by the global water cycle.The sink constitutes up to 0.8013 Pg C/a(or 10.1% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emission,or 28.6% of the missing CO2 sink),and is formed by the CO2 absorption of water and subsequent enhanced consumption by carbonate dissolution and aquatic plant photosynthesis.Of the sink,0.5188 Pg C/a goes to sea via precipitation over sea(0.2748 Pg C/a)and continental rivers(0.244 Pg C/a),0.158 Pg C/a is released to the atmosphere again,and 0.1245 Pg C/a is stored in the continental aquatic ecosystem.Therefore,the net sink could be 0.6433 Pg C/a.This sink may increase with the global-warming-intensified global water cycle,the increase in CO2 and carbonate dust in atmosphere,and reforestation/afforestation,the latter increasing soil CO2,and thus the concentration of the DIC in water.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0202603)the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB934103)+3 种基金the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B17034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51521001, 51832004)the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (51425204)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WUT: 2017III008, 2017III009)
文摘Nonmetal elements strictly govern the electrochemical performance of molybdenum compounds.Yet,the exact role played by nonmetals during electrocatalysis remains largely obscure.With intermetallic MoSi_2comprising silicene subunits,we present an unprecedented hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)behavior in aqueous alkaline solution.Under continuous operation,the HER activity of MoSi_2shows a more than one order of magnitude improvement in current density from 1.1 to 21.5 mA cm^(à2)at 0.4 V overpotential.Meanwhile,this activation behavior is highly reversible,such that voltage withdrawal leads to catalyst inactivation but another operation causes reactivation.Thus,the system shows dynamics strikingly analogous to the legendary Sisyphus’labor,which drops and recovers in a stepwise manner repeatedly,but never succeeds in reaching the top of the mountain.Isomorphic WSi_2behaves almost the same as MoSi_2,whereas other metal silicides with silicyne subunits,including CrSi_2and TaSi_2,do not exhibit any anomalous behavior.A thin amorphous shell of MoSi_2is observed after reaction,within which the Si remains partially oxidized while the oxidation state of Mo is basically unchanged.First-principles calculations further reveal that the adsorption of hydroxide ions on silicene subunit edges and the subsequent Si vacancy formation in MoSi_2jointly lead to the anomalous HER kinetics of the adjacent Mo active centers.This work demonstrates that the role of nonmetal varies dramatically with the electronic and crystallographic structures of silicides and that silicene structural subunit may serve as a promoter for boosting HER in alkaline media.
文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic Drug Monitoring,TDM)通过定量测定和解释血药浓度以优化药物治疗。TDM着眼于药代动力学的个体差异,使个体化药物治疗成为可能。在精神病学和神经病学领域中,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括少年儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智障患者、药物滥用者、涉法精神病患者、已知或怀疑药代动力学异常的患者以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。常规剂量下治疗无效,用药依从性难以判断,药物耐受性不佳,以及可能存在药代动力学方面的药物-药物相互作用等情况都是治疗药物监测的典型指征。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了向临床医生和实验室提供有效的TDM信息,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了第一版《精神科治疗药物监测指南》。2011年进行了更新之后,现在再次更新。遵循新版指南,可能会改善神经精神药物治疗的效果,加快很多患者的康复,并降低医疗费用。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51877132)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (No. 21XD1401600)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2214061)。
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are urgently required for achieving practical all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) but remain plagued by low ionic conductivity.Herein,we propose a strategy of salt polarization to fabricate a highly ion-conductive SPE by employing a high-dielectric polymer that can interact strongly with lithium salts.Such a polymer with large dipole moments can guide lithium cations (Li^(+)) to be arranged along the chain,forming a continuous pathway for Li^(+) hopping within the SPE.The as-fabricated SPE,poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF)-LiN(SO_(2)F)_(2)(LiFSI),has an extraordinarily high dielectric constant (up to 10^(8)) and ultrahigh ionic conductivity (0.77×10^(-3)S cm^(-1)).Based on the PVDF–LiFSI SPE,the assembled Li metal symmetrical cell shows excellent Li plating/stripping reversibility at 0.1 m A cm^(-2),0.1 m Ah cm^(-2)over 1500 h^(-1) the ASS LiFePO_(4) batteries deliver long-term cycling stability at 1 C over 350 cycles (2.74 mg cm^(-2)) and an ultralong cycling lifespan of over 2600 h(100 cycles) with high loading (11.5 mg cm^(-2)) at 28°C.First-principles calculations further reveal the ion-dipole interactions-controlled conduction of Li^(+) in PVDF–LiFSI SPE along the PVDF chain.This work highlights the critical role of dielectric permittivity in SPE,and provides a promising path towards high-energy,long-cycling lifespan ASSLMBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41576049, 4166 6002)the Key Research Projects of Frontier Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. QYZDB-SSWSYS025)+1 种基金Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (No. 2016ASKJ13)Key Science and Technology Foundation of Sanya (Nos. 2017PT 13, 2017PT14)
文摘Recent and paleo-submarine landslides are widely distributed within strata in deep-water areas along continental slopes, uplifts, and carbonate platforms on the north continental margin of the South China Sea(SCS). In this paper, high-resolution 3D seismic data and multibeam data based on seismic sedimentology and geomorphology are employed to assist in identifying submarine landslides. In addition, deposition models are proposed that are based on specific geological structures and features, and which illustrate the local stress field over entire submarine landslides in deep-water areas of the SCS. The SCS is one of the largest fluvial sediment sinks in enclosed or semi-enclosed marginal seas worldwide. It therefore provides a set of preconditions for the formation of submarine landslides, including rapid sediment accumulation, formation of gas hydrates, and fluid overpressure. A new concept involving temporal and spatial analyses is tested to construct a relationship between submarine landslides and different time scale trigger mechanisms, and three mechanisms are discussed in the context of spatial scale and temporal frequency: evolution of slope gradient and overpressure, global environmental changes, and tectonic events. Submarine landslides that are triggered by tectonic events are the largest but occur less frequently, while submarine landslides triggered by the combination of slope gradient and overpressure evolution are the smallest but most frequently occurring events. In summary, analysis shows that the formation of submarine landslides is a complex process involving the operation of different factors on various time scales.
基金This work was financial supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51877132,52003153,and 22005186)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(No.21XD1401600).
文摘Lithium(Li)metal batteries(LMBs)can potentially deliver much higher energy density but remain plagued by uncontrollable Li plating with dendrite growth,unstable interfaces,and highly abundant excess Li(>50 mAh·cm^(-2)).Herein,different from the artificial layer or three-dimensional(3D)matrix host constructions,various dielectric polymers are initially well-comprehensively investigated from experimental characterizations to theoretical simulation to evaluate their functions in modulating Li ion distribution.As a proof of concept,a 3D interwoven high dielectric functional polymer(HDFP)nanofiber network with polar C-F dipole moments electrospun on copper(Cu)foil is designed,realizing uniform and controllable Li deposition capacity up to 5.0 mAh·cm^(-2),thereby enabling stable Li plating/stripping cycling over 1400 h at 1.0 mA·cm^(-2).More importantly,under the highcathode loading(~3.1 mAh·cm^(-2))and only 0.6×excess Li(N/P ratio of 1.6),the full cells retain capacity retention of 97.4%after 200 cycles at 3.36 mA·cm^(-2)and achieve high energy density(297.7 Wh·kg^(-1)at cell-level)under lean electrolyte conditions(15μL),much better than ever-reported literatures.Our work provides a new direction for designing high dielectric polymer coating toward high-retention-rate practical Li full batteries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 90411014 and 40576032)
文摘273 samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1146 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed for grain-size distributions using grain-size class vs. standard deviation method and end-member modeling algorithm (EMMA) in order to investigate the evolution of the East Asian monsoon since about 20 Ma. 10–19 μm/1.3–2.4 μm, the ratio of two grain-size populations with the highest variability through time was used to indicate East Asian winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon. The mass accumulation rate of the coarsest end member EM1 (eolian), resulting from EMMA, can be used as a proxy of winter monsoon strength and Asian inland aridity, and the ratio of EM1/(EM2+EM3) as a proxy of winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon. The combined proxies show that a profound enhancement of East Asian winter monsoon strength and winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon occurred at about 8 Ma, and it is possible that the summer monsoon simultaneously intensified with winter monsoon at 3 Ma. Our results are well consistent with the previous studies in loess, eolian deposion in the Pacifc, radiolarians and planktonic foraminifera in the SCS. The phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau may have played a significant role in strengthening the Asian monsoon at 8 Ma and 3 Ma.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0605901)the NOAA Climate Program Office (NA15OAR4310163)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41676185)and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-DQC021)
文摘Rapid declines in Arctic sea ice have captured attention and pose significant challenges to a variety of stakeholders. There is a rising demand for Arctic sea ice prediction at daily to seasonal time scales, which is partly a sea ice initial condition problem. Thus, a multivariate data assimilation that integrates sea ice observations to generate realistic and skillful model initialization is needed to improve predictive skill of Arctic sea ice. Sea ice data assimilation is a relatively new research area. In this review paper, we focus on two challenges for implementing multivariate data assimilation systems for sea ice forecast. First, to address the challenge of limited spatiotemporal coverage and large uncertainties of observations, we discuss sea ice parameters derived from satellite remote sensing that(1) have been utilized for improved model initialization, including concentration, thickness and drift, and(2) are currently under development with the potential for enhancing the predictability of Arctic sea ice, including melt ponds and sea ice leads. Second, to strive to generate the ‘‘best" estimate of sea ice initial conditions by combining model simulations/forecasts and observations, we review capabilities and limitations of different data assimilation techniques that have been developed and used to assimilate observed sea ice parameters in dynamical models.
基金the funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51875456)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2019JM-450)+3 种基金the Young Talent fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(No.20170518)the Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacture Technology for Automobile Parts(Chongqing University of Technology),Ministry of Education(No.2018KLMT03)Materials Science and Engineering provincial-level superior discipline funding project of Xi'an Shiyou Universitythe Program for Young Innovative Research Team in Xi'an Shiyou University(No.2015QNKYCXTD02)。
文摘Because of the complex constraint effects among layers in multi-layered metallic bellows hydroforming,the stress concentration and defects such as wrinkling and fracture may easily occur.It is a key to reveal the deformation behaviors in order to obtain a sound product.Based on the ABAQUS platform,a 3 D-FE model of the four-layered U-shaped metallic bellow hydroforming process is established and validated by experiment.The stress and strain distributions,wall thickness variations and bellow profiles of each layer in the whole process,including bulging,folding and springback stages,are studied.Then deformation behaviors of bellows under different forming conditions are discussed.It is found that the wall thinning degrees of different layer vary after hydroforming,and is the largest for the inner layer and smallest for the outer layer.At folding stage,the wall thinning degree of the crown point increases lineally,and the difference among layers increases as the process going.The displacements of the crown point decrease from the inner layer to the outer layer.After springback,the U-shaped cross section changes to a tongue shape,the change of convolution pitch is much larger than the change of convolution height,and the springback values of the inner layer are smaller than the outer layer.An increase in the internal pressure and die spacing cause the maximum wall thinning degree and springback increase.With changing of process parameters,bellows with deep convolution are easily encountered wall thinning during hydroforming and convolution distortion after springback.This research is helpful for precision forming of multi-layered bellows.
基金The study is funded by the Cooperation Project of China National Petroleum Company(CNPC)and China University of Petroleum-Beijing(CUPB)(No.RIPED-2021-JS-552)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42002112,42272110)+2 种基金the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(No.ZLZX2020-02)the Science Foundation for Youth Scholars of CUPB(No.24620222BJRC006)We thank the China Scholarship Council(CSC)(No.202106440048)for having funded the research stay of Mei Chen at MARUM,University of Bremen.We thank Elda Miramontes for her constructive comments and suggestions that helped us improve our manuscript.
文摘Seafloor topography plays an important role in the evolution of submarine lobes.However,it is still not so clear how the shape of slope affects the three-dimensional(3-D)architecture of submarine lobes.In this study,we analyze the effect of topography factors on different hierarchical lobe architectures that formed during Pliocene to Quaternary in the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa.We characterize the shape,size and growth pattern of different hierarchical lobe architectures using 3-D seismic data.We find that the relief of the topographic slope determines the location of preferential deposition of lobe complexes and single lobes.When the topography is irregular and presents topographic lows,lobe complexes first infill these depressions.Single lobes are deposited preferentially at positions with higher longitudinal(i.e.across-slope)slope gradients.As the longitudinal slope becomes higher,the aspect ratio of the single lobes increases.Lateral(i.e.along-slope)topography does not seem to have a strong influence on the shape of single lobe,but it seems to affect the overlap of single lobes.When the lateral slope gradient is relatively high,the single lobes tend to have a larger overlap surface.Furthermore,as the average of lateral slope and longitudinal slope gets greater,the width/thickness ratio of the single lobe is smaller,i.e.sediments tend to accumulate vertically.The results demonstrate that the shape of slopes more comprehensively influences the 3-D architecture of lobes in natural deep-sea systems than previously other lobe deposits and analogue experiments,which helps us better understand the development and evolution of the distal parts of turbidite systems.
基金financially supported by the Young Individual Research Grants(Grant No:M22K3c0097)Singapore RIE 2025 plan and Singapore Aerospace Programme Cycle 16(Grant No:M2215a0073)led by C Tan+2 种基金supported by the Singapore A*STAR Career Development Funds(Grant No:C210812047)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174361 and 52374385)the support by US NSF DMR-2104933。
文摘Titanium(Ti)alloys are widely used in high-tech fields like aerospace and biomedical engineering.Laser additive manufacturing(LAM),as an innovative technology,is the key driver for the development of Ti alloys.Despite the significant advancements in LAM of Ti alloys,there remain challenges that need further research and development efforts.To recap the potential of LAM high-performance Ti alloy,this article systematically reviews LAM Ti alloys with up-to-date information on process,materials,and properties.Several feasible solutions to advance LAM Ti alloys are reviewed,including intelligent process parameters optimization,LAM process innovation with auxiliary fields and novel Ti alloys customization for LAM.The auxiliary energy fields(e.g.thermal,acoustic,mechanical deformation and magnetic fields)can affect the melt pool dynamics and solidification behaviour during LAM of Ti alloys,altering microstructures and mechanical performances.Different kinds of novel Ti alloys customized for LAM,like peritecticα-Ti,eutectoid(α+β)-Ti,hybrid(α+β)-Ti,isomorphousβ-Ti and eutecticβ-Ti alloys are reviewed in detail.Furthermore,machine learning in accelerating the LAM process optimization and new materials development is also outlooked.This review summarizes the material properties and performance envelops and benchmarks the research achievements in LAM of Ti alloys.In addition,the perspectives and further trends in LAM of Ti alloys are also highlighted.
文摘The distribution–allocation problem is known as one of the most comprehensive strategic decisions.In real-world cases,it is impossible to solve a distribution–allocation problem completely in acceptable time.This forces the researchers to develop efficient heuristic techniques for the large-term operation of the whole supply chain.These techniques provide near optimal solution and are comparably fast particularly for large-scale test problems.This paper presents an integrated supply chain model which is flexible in the delivery path.As solution methodology,we apply a memetic algorithm with a novelty in population presentation.To identify the optimum operating condition of the proposed memetic algorithm,Taguchi method is adopted.In this study,four factors,namely population size,crossover rate,local search iteration and number of iteration,are considered.Determining the best level of the considered parameters is the outlook of this research.
基金Q.W.was supported by the German Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM(Regional Climate Change and Humans)and the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research(BMBF)within the EPICA project(grant no.03F0889A)Q.S.was supported by the Taishan Scholars Program(no.tsqn202211264)+7 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022JQ17).S.W.was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.42005044).G.S.was supported by the German Research Foundation(DFG,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)through the Transregional Collaborative Research Center TRR 172“(AC)3-Arctic Amplification”(grant no.268020496)the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme via project CRiceS(grant no.101003826).The Bering Strait work is supported by NSF-OPP Arctic Observing Network grants 1758565 and 2153942.P.G.M.was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada via research grant rgpin227438-09.The Fram Strait Arctic Outflow Observatory is supported by the Norwegian Polar Institute and by the Norwegian Research Council through the FRIPRO program(FreshArc,grant 286971).C.M.L.and the Davis Strait observing system are supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation Arctic Observing Network under grant 1902595.
文摘Arctic Ocean gateway fluxes play a crucial role in linking the Arctic with the global ocean and affecting climate and marine ecosystems.We reviewed past studies on Arctic-Subarctic ocean linkages and examined their changes and driving mechanisms.Our review highlights that radical changes occurred in the inflows and outflows of the Arctic Ocean during the 2010s.Specifically,the Pacific inflow temperature in the Bering Strait and Atlantic inflow temperature in the Fram Strait hit record highs,while the Pacific inflow salinity in the Bering Strait and Arctic outflow salinity in the Davis and Fram straits hit record lows.Both the ocean heat convergence from lower latitudes to the Arctic and the hydrological cycle connecting the Arctic with Subarctic seas were stronger in 2000-2020 than in 1980-2000.CMIP6 models project a continuing increase in poleward ocean heat convergence in the 21st century,mainly due to warming of inflow waters.They also predict an increase in freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean,with the largest increase in freshwater export expected to occur in the Fram Strait due to both increased ocean volume export and decreased salinity.Fram Strait sea ice volume export hit a record low in the 2010s and is projected to continue to decrease along with Arctic sea ice decline.We quantitatively attribute the variability of the volume,heat,and freshwater transports in the Arctic gateways to forcing within and outside the Arctic based on dedicated numerical simulations and emphasize the importance of both origins in driving the variability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81972492)National Science Fund for Young Scholars(Grant No.21904107)+7 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.LR19C050001)Hangzhou Agriculture and Society Advancement Program(Grant No.20190101A04)Westlake Startup Grantresearch funds from the National Cancer Centre Singapore and Singapore General Hospital,Singaporethe National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0901704)Zhejiang Innovation Discipline Project of Laboratory Animal Genetic Engineering(Grant No.201510)the Netherlands Cancer Society(Grant No.NKI 2014-6651)The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research(NWO)-Middelgroot(Grant No.91116017)
文摘To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens,mass spectrometry(MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques,including the selected reaction monitoring(SRM),parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and massively parallel dataindependent acquisition(DIA),have been developed.For optimal performance,they require the fragment ion spectra of targeted peptides as prior knowledge.In this report,we describe a MS pipeline and spectral resource to support targeted proteomics studies for human tissue samples.To build the spectral resource,we integrated common open-source MS computational tools to assemble a freely accessible computational workflow based on Docker.We then applied the workflow to generate DPHL,a comprehensive DIA pan-human library,from 1096 data-dependent acquisition(DDA)MS raw files for 16 types of cancer samples.This extensive spectral resource was then applied to a proteomic study of 17 prostate cancer(PCa)patients.Thereafter,PRM validation was applied to a larger study of 57 PCa patients and the differential expression of three proteins in prostate tumor was validated.As a second application,the DPHL spectral resource was applied to a study consisting of plasma samples from 19 diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL)patients and 18 healthy control subjects.Differentially expressed proteins between DLBCL patients and healthy control subjects were detected by DIA-MS and confirmed by PRM.These data demonstrate that the DPHL supports DIA and PRM MS pipelines for robust protein biomarker discovery.DPHL is freely accessible at https://www.iprox.org/page/project.html?id=IPX0001400000.
文摘In the Review Article"A Review of Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages:Past Changes,Mechanisms,and Future Projections"[1],the x-axis in Figure 4B and y-axis in Figure 8F were skewed during picture beautification by an artist.These errors did not affect the conclusions of the paper.Figures 4B and 8F have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML(full text).
基金the Institut National du Cancer,Grant/Award Number:2016-101La Ligue Contre le Cancer,Grant/Award Number:EPDQJ18280+2 种基金Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Grant/Award Number:200-2017-96189Swiss Re,Swiss Cancer Research Foundation,Swiss Cancer League,Rossy Family Foundation,US National Cancer Institute,Grant/Award Number:DAA3-16-62868-1American Cancer Society,Grant/Award Number:35327。
文摘Background Esophageal cancer survival is poor worldwide,though there is some variation.Differences in the distribution of anatomical sub-site and morphological sub-type may help explain international differences in survival for all esophageal cancers combined.We estimated survival by anatomic sub-site and morphological sub-type to understand further the impact of topography and morphology on international comparisons of esophageal cancer survival.Methods We estimated age-standardized one-year and five-year net survival among adults(15-99 years)diagnosed with esophageal cancer in each of 60 participating countries to monitor survival trends by calendar period of diagnosis(2000-2004,2005-2009,2010-2014),sub-site,morphology,and sex.Results For adults diagnosed during 2010-2014,tumors in the lower third of the esophagus were the most common,followed by tumors of overlapping sub-site and sub-site not otherwise specified.The proportion of squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed during 2010-2014 was generally higher in Asian countries(50%-90%),while adenocarcinomas were more common in Europe,North America and Oceania(50%-60%).From 2000-2004 to 2010-2014,the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma generally decreased,and the proportion of adenocarcinoma increased.Over time,there were few improvements in age-standardized five-year survival for each sub-site.Age-standardized one-year survival was highest in Japan for both squamous cell carcinoma(67.7%)and adenocarcinoma(69.0%),ranging between 20%-60%in most other countries.Age-standardized five-year survival from squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was similar for most countries included,around 15%-20%for adults diagnosed during 2010-2014,though international variation was wider for squamous cell carcinoma.In most countries,survival for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma increased by less than 5%between 2000-2004 and 2010-2014.Conclusions Esophageal cancer survival remains poor in many countries.The distributions of sub-site and morphological sub-type vary bet
