Machine fault diagnostics are essential for industrial operations,and advancements in machine learning have significantly advanced these systems by providing accurate predictions and expedited solutions.Machine learni...Machine fault diagnostics are essential for industrial operations,and advancements in machine learning have significantly advanced these systems by providing accurate predictions and expedited solutions.Machine learning models,especially those utilizing complex algorithms like deep learning,have demonstrated major potential in extracting important information fromlarge operational datasets.Despite their efficiency,machine learningmodels face challenges,making Explainable AI(XAI)crucial for improving their understandability and fine-tuning.The importance of feature contribution and selection using XAI in the diagnosis of machine faults is examined in this study.The technique is applied to evaluate different machine-learning algorithms.Extreme Gradient Boosting,Support Vector Machine,Gaussian Naive Bayes,and Random Forest classifiers are used alongside Logistic Regression(LR)as a baseline model because their efficacy and simplicity are evaluated thoroughly with empirical analysis.The XAI is used as a targeted feature selection technique to select among 29 features of the time and frequency domain.The XAI approach is lightweight,trained with only targeted features,and achieved similar results as the traditional approach.The accuracy without XAI on baseline LR is 79.57%,whereas the approach with XAI on LR is 80.28%.展开更多
This paper discusses the significance and prospects of low altitude small satellite aerial vehicles to ensure smooth aerial-ground communications for next-generation broadband networks.To achieve the generic goals of ...This paper discusses the significance and prospects of low altitude small satellite aerial vehicles to ensure smooth aerial-ground communications for next-generation broadband networks.To achieve the generic goals of fifthgeneration and beyondwireless networks,the existing aerial network architecture needs to be revisited.The detailed architecture of low altitude aerial networks and the challenges in resource management have been illustrated in this paper.Moreover,we have studied the coordination between promising communication technologies and low altitude aerial networks to provide robust network coverage.We talk about the techniques that can ensure userfriendly control and monitoring of the low altitude aerial networks to bring forth wireless broadband connectivity to a new dimension.In the end,we highlight the future research directions of aerial-ground communications in terms of access technologies,machine learning,compressed sensing,and quantum communications.展开更多
Bacterial endotoxins are a major concern in periodontal health and diseases owing to their structure and biological activity.With up-to-date knowledge of endotoxins and the recent findings about the influence of endot...Bacterial endotoxins are a major concern in periodontal health and diseases owing to their structure and biological activity.With up-to-date knowledge of endotoxins and the recent findings about the influence of endotoxins in dental health,their probable mode of pathogenesis,and standard detection methods,this review analyzes the potential efficacy and benefits of probiotics in combination with conventional and contemporary treatment measures.In the oral cavity,Gram-negative bacteria are documented to predominate in the pulpal lesions with radiolucent areas and in the root canal with pulp necrosis,where they pose an absolute threat by promoting a series of inflammatory reactions.Endotoxin,a constituent of Gram-negative bacteria establishes a nexus between cytokine stimulation and proinflammatory reactions,therefore plays a critical role in decaying dental pulp and modulating periodontal diseases.Currently,the treatment regimen involves several biochemical preparations.In addition,probiotics have been reported to control endotoxin in gingivitis and contribute to the overall improvement of dental health.A potential benefit of a combination of probiotics as a complementary treatment along with the conventional treatment warrant more empirical evidence to elucidate its role and mechanism in resolving the clinical manifestations associated with endotoxins in the periodontal region.展开更多
The demand for water pumping in urban water supply and irrigation in Bangladesh is significantly influenced by electricity deficits and high diesel costs. To address these challenges, the adoption of solar power for w...The demand for water pumping in urban water supply and irrigation in Bangladesh is significantly influenced by electricity deficits and high diesel costs. To address these challenges, the adoption of solar power for water pumping emerges as a viable alternative to traditional systems reliant on grid power and diesel. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on clean and renewable energies, aligning with the environmental and economic priorities of Bangladesh. The agricultural sector, serving as the backbone of the country’s economy, witnesses an escalating demand for water as the population increases. The extraction and transfer of water for agricultural and drinking purposes translate to high-energy consumption. Leveraging the abundant and essentially free solar energy, particularly during the crop growth periods when irrigation is crucial, presents an optimal solution. This study underscores the underutilization of this vital resource in Bangladesh and advocates for the widespread implementation of solar energy conversion programs, specifically in photovoltaic pumping systems. By comparing these systems with conventional diesel pumps, this paper aims to inspire policymakers, statesmen, and industry professionals to integrate green energy into the water sector. The envisioned outcome is a strategic shift towards sustainable development, with a focus on harnessing solar power to pump water for villages and agriculture, thus contributing to economic and environmental sustainability.展开更多
Lassa hemorrhagic fever,caused by Lassa mammarenavirus(LASV)infection,accumulates up to 5000 deaths every year.Currently,there is no vaccine available to combat this disease.In this study,a library of 200 bioactive co...Lassa hemorrhagic fever,caused by Lassa mammarenavirus(LASV)infection,accumulates up to 5000 deaths every year.Currently,there is no vaccine available to combat this disease.In this study,a library of 200 bioactive compounds was virtually screened to study their drug-likeness with the capacity to block theα-dystroglycan(α-DG)receptor and prevent LASV influx.Following rigorous absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)and quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)profiling,molecular docking was conducted with the top ligands against theα-DG receptor.The compounds chrysin,reticuline,and 3-caffeoylshikimic acid emerged as the top three ligands in terms of binding affinity.Post-docking analysis revealed that interactions with Arg76,Asn224,Ser259,and Lys302 amino acid residues of the receptor protein were important for the optimum binding affinity of ligands.Molecular dynamics simulation was performed comprehensively to study the stability of the protein-ligand complexes.In-depth assessment of root-mean-square deviation(RMSD),root mean square fluctuation(RMSF),polar surface area(PSA),B-Factor,radius of gyration(Rg),solvent accessible surface area(SASA),and molecular surface area(MolSA)values of the protein-ligand complexes affirmed that the candidates with the best binding affinity formed the most stable protein-ligand complexes.To authenticate the potentialities of the ligands as target-specific drugs,an in vivo study is underway in real time as the continuation of the research.展开更多
Improving population health by creating more equitable health systems is a major focus of health policy and planning today.However,before we can achieve equity in health,we must first begin by leveraging all we have l...Improving population health by creating more equitable health systems is a major focus of health policy and planning today.However,before we can achieve equity in health,we must first begin by leveraging all we have learned,and are continuing to discover,about the many social,structural,and environmental determinants of health.We must fully consider the conditions in which people are born,grow,learn,work,play,and age.The study of social determinants of health has made tremendous strides in recent decades.At the same time,we have seen huge advances in how health data are collected,analyzed,and used to inform action in the health sector.It is time to merge these two fields,to harness the best from both and to improve decision-making to accelerate evidence-based action toward greater health equity.展开更多
Soil loss through erosion continues to pose serious challenges to increasing the smallholder agricultural productivity in Sierra Leone. While emphasis on sustainable land use practices continue to gain attention among...Soil loss through erosion continues to pose serious challenges to increasing the smallholder agricultural productivity in Sierra Leone. While emphasis on sustainable land use practices continue to gain attention among land users, however, the rate of adoption among smallholder farmers is still very low and hence, in most part of the country soil fertility has been declining at alarming rates. In the Njala area, studies have shown that soil loss ranges from moderate to high. Though soil erosion has been identified as a major soil fertility declining factor, however, the effect of land use practices on the inherent resistance of soil materials to erosion is lacking. This study was therefore conducted to assess the effect of land uses on soil erodibility. The results showed that the soils are coarse sandy loam with high sand content. The dispersion ratios and erosion indices of soils under cassava, plantain, maize and guava were above the minimum thresholds of 15.0 and 10.0 respectively, thus indicating that these soils are highly erodible compared to soils under fallow and sweet potato which have dispersion ratios and erosion indices below the minimum thresholds. Clay content was inversely proportional to and significantly correlated with dispersion ratio and erosion index while the correlations between silt + clay, dispersion ration and erosion index, and silt, silt + clay and dispersion ratio were negative and non-significant. Considering the coarse nature of soils, landscape features and high erodibility indices, these soils would need special soil and water conservation practices to counter further degradation. These may include following, agroforestry, silvi-pasture, controlled and rotational grazing. In addition, awareness of sense of self-responsibility and forest policies and regulations are needed.展开更多
Due to the difficulties of brain tumor segmentation, this paper proposes a strategy for extracting brain tumors from three-dimensional MagneticResonance Image (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans utilizing3D U-Net...Due to the difficulties of brain tumor segmentation, this paper proposes a strategy for extracting brain tumors from three-dimensional MagneticResonance Image (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans utilizing3D U-Net Design and ResNet50, taken after by conventional classificationstrategies. In this inquire, the ResNet50 picked up accuracy with 98.96%, andthe 3D U-Net scored 97.99% among the different methods of deep learning.It is to be mentioned that traditional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)gives 97.90% accuracy on top of the 3D MRI. In expansion, the imagefusion approach combines the multimodal images and makes a fused image toextricate more highlights from the medical images. Other than that, we haveidentified the loss function by utilizing several dice measurements approachand received Dice Result on top of a specific test case. The average mean scoreof dice coefficient and soft dice loss for three test cases was 0.0980. At thesame time, for two test cases, the sensitivity and specification were recordedto be 0.0211 and 0.5867 using patch level predictions. On the other hand,a software integration pipeline was integrated to deploy the concentratedmodel into the webserver for accessing it from the software system using theRepresentational state transfer (REST) API. Eventually, the suggested modelswere validated through the Area Under the Curve–Receiver CharacteristicOperator (AUC–ROC) curve and Confusion Matrix and compared with theexisting research articles to understand the underlying problem. ThroughComparative Analysis, we have extracted meaningful insights regarding braintumour segmentation and figured out potential gaps. Nevertheless, the proposed model can be adjustable in daily life and the healthcare domain to identify the infected regions and cancer of the brain through various imagingmodalities.展开更多
In current decade, pharmaceutical industries of Bangladesh are giving much emphasize on the formulation of time release preparation to treat various chronic diseases in order to decrease the frequency of administratio...In current decade, pharmaceutical industries of Bangladesh are giving much emphasize on the formulation of time release preparation to treat various chronic diseases in order to decrease the frequency of administration and to improve patient compliance. Objectives: The objective of this investigation is to design and evaluate sustained release matrix tablet of Gliclazide by direct compression method employing polymers of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) derivatives (K15M CR and K4M CR) and to select the optimized formulations and compression process by performing a comparative release kinetic study with a reference product, Diamicron MR (one of the worldwide brand of Gliclazide sustain released tablet manufactured by Servier one of the French pharmaceutical company) tablet. Methods: Release kinetics of Gliclazide matrix tablets were determined using USP paddle method at Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The release mechanism was explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer model. Result: It is found that formulation with lower polymeric concentration follows Higuchi release kinetics and that the formulation with higher concentration best fits with zero order release kinetics. Among the formulations, F1 and F6 show almost similar dissolution profile with Diamicron MR Tablet, which can be suitable candidates for further in-vivo bioequivalence study. Conclusion: Findings of this investigation suggest that F1 and F6 formulations are potential candidates for further bioequivalence study among other formulations.展开更多
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most severe diseases,and many studies have been conducted to anticipate diabetes.This research aimed to develop an intelligent mobile application based on machine learning to determine ...Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most severe diseases,and many studies have been conducted to anticipate diabetes.This research aimed to develop an intelligent mobile application based on machine learning to determine the diabetic,pre-diabetic,or non-diabetic without the assistance of any physician or medical tests.This study’s methodology was classified into two the Diabetes Prediction Approach and the Proposed System Architecture Design.The Diabetes Prediction Approach uses a novel approach,Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM),to ensure a faster diagnosis.The Proposed System ArchitectureDesign has been combined into sevenmodules;the Answering Question Module is a natural language processing Chabot that can answer all kinds of questions related to diabetes.The Doctor Consultation Module ensures free treatment related to diabetes.In this research,90%accuracy was obtained by performing K-fold cross-validation on top of the K nearest neighbor’s algorithm(KNN)&LightGBM.To evaluate the model’s performance,Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC)Curve and Area under the ROC Curve(AUC)were applied with a value of 0.948 and 0.936,respectively.This manuscript presents some exploratory data analysis,including a correlation matrix and survey report.Moreover,the proposed solution can be adjustable in the daily activities of a diabetic patient.展开更多
Some big cities in Bangladesh have been experiencing a massive and rapid influx of rural people due to the impacts of climate change,and therefore the urban administration encounters enormous challenges.This study aim...Some big cities in Bangladesh have been experiencing a massive and rapid influx of rural people due to the impacts of climate change,and therefore the urban administration encounters enormous challenges.This study aims to investigate the drivers of climate-induced migration and the post-displacement status of the migrants living in the urban slum of Rajshahi City.Using a semi-structured questionnaire survey,this study conducted interviews with 50 migrants residing in two slums in Rajshahi City.An interpretive phenomenological analysis(IPA)approach was implemented to evaluate the survey data.This study finds that food insecurity and flood are the two significant climate drivers of migration.Among the non-climate drivers,lack of alternative livelihood is the major reason.It should be noticed that the climate migrants in many cases do not get the opportunity to improve their living standards;they are usually occupied with low-pay professions like maid,van and rickshaw puller,and scrap collector.The study also reveals that migrants,especially females and children,need several basic physiological,economic,social,and health services.Most children have no chance to attend school.Compared to males,females have more opportunities for some support and allowances.Overall,an inadequate level of change has taken place in the lives of migrants,which raises the concern if migration is ever a way to resolve a problem or the beginning of many other problems.Further research may concentrate on the impact of migration on the dynamics of social capital among slum dwellers.展开更多
The soil resources of Sierra Leone remain an integral part of sustainable agricultural development but knowledge of the suitability of soils and their management requirements for a variety of land uses is still lackin...The soil resources of Sierra Leone remain an integral part of sustainable agricultural development but knowledge of the suitability of soils and their management requirements for a variety of land uses is still lacking to a greater extent. In this view, a detailed soil survey of three chiefdoms in Northern Sierra Leone was undertaken to evaluate the genesis of soils and interpret soil-landscape properties and their relationships using the toposequence and free style approach of soil survey. Three major soil types, viz, gravelly, gravel-free over gravel and gravel-free soils, formed either directly or indirectly from weathered and disintegrated parent materials of two geologic origins namely Rokel River Series (comprising of sandstone, shale and mudstone), and Granite and Acid Gneiss were identified. The gravelly soils are formed from sandstone and sandy shales of the Rokel River Series, which upon weathering released iron and hydrated oxides that hardened into plinthite upon drying. The gravel-free over gravel soils are formed from acid gneiss containing acid and intermediate igneous and metamorphic rocks, which upon weathering produced sandy clay textured soils whereas the gravel-free soils are derived from sedimentary rocks (shales and mudstones) of Rokel River Series, which upon weathering and action of organisms produced sandy clay loam and sandy clay textured soils. The gravel-free over gravel soils are mostly located in the summit and back slopes and show dark brown to dark yellowish-brown hue and moderate chroma, weak to moderate structure and absence of coarse fragments in the 0 - 40 cm layer, and a strong brown hue and high chroma, very weak fine angular blocky structure having abundance of coarse fragments from 40 cm and above. In these soils, the compactness of ironstone and sandstone gravels increases with depth. The gravel-free soils are found on three landscape positions, viz, back slopes, foot slopes and toe slopes. On the back and foot slopes, the soils are characterized by very dark brown to dark展开更多
<b>Introduction:</b> Oral cancer is the third most prominent type of cancer in Bangladesh. During or after oral cancer treatment, immune-compromised cancer patients may be susceptible to an infection by mu...<b>Introduction:</b> Oral cancer is the third most prominent type of cancer in Bangladesh. During or after oral cancer treatment, immune-compromised cancer patients may be susceptible to an infection by multi-drug-resistant opportunistic microbes. This study aims to identify the prevalent microorganisms from the infected site of oral cancer patients and observe their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Clinical samples were collected from the infected sites of oral cancer patients and healthy people. The swabs collected were placed on nutrient agar slant, then incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. Bacteria from the slant were inoculated in several selective media (Mannitol Salt Agar Media, KF Streptococcus Agar media, Cetrimide Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar). Several biochemical tests identified opportunistic microorganisms. Finally, the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. <b>Results:</b> The study found that 65.4% of microbes isolated from the patients’ oral cavities were Gram-negative bacteria, and 34.6% were Gram-positive bacteria. Among the patient group isolates (n = 55), the most prevalent organism was <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (30;54.54%). Others were <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (27;49.09%), <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (24;43.63%), <i>E. coli</i> (14;25.45%), <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (14;25.45%), <i>Proteus</i> spp. (12;21.8%) and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (6;10.90%). Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes from the patient group have shown high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. In the control group (n = 50), the most prevalent organism was <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (15;30%). Other organisms were <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (6;12%), <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (11;22%), <i>E. coli</i> (3;6%), <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (14;25.45%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (8;16%). The microbes of the control group showed less resistance to the antibiotics and rather showed sensitivity to them. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study revealed a high preva展开更多
Objective: To investigate the presence of different phytoconstituents in Mangifera indica(M. indica) peel and evaluate its cytotoxicity to Artemia salina and hypoglycemic potential in Swiss albino mice.Methods: The me...Objective: To investigate the presence of different phytoconstituents in Mangifera indica(M. indica) peel and evaluate its cytotoxicity to Artemia salina and hypoglycemic potential in Swiss albino mice.Methods: The methanolic extract of M. indica peel was used to determine the presence of phytoconstituents. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay method was followed to determine the cytotoxic potential of plant extract. In the case of hypoglycemic activity, oral administration of extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg and standard glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg was done, followed by determining the percentage of reduction of plasma glucose from the initial level.Results: The methanolic extract of M. indica peel showed the presence of flavonoid,saponin, steroid, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and alkaloids. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC_(50) of the extract and standard vincristine sulfate was found to be 2.04 and0.41 mg/mL, respectively. After 90 and 150 min, the methanolic extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed prominent plasma glucose reduction of 13.95%, 22.48% and 14.16%,26.18% respectively compared to standard glibenclamide showing 14.90% and 20.67% plasma glucose reduction.Conclusions: This current research affirms prominent cytotoxic and moderate hypoglycemic potential of M. indica peel. Further bioactivity guided isolation of phytoconstituents and investigation on higher animals can lead to development of new drug molecules.展开更多
The impact of Cr3+ ion on the magnetic properties of Mn0.50Zn0.50CrxFe2-xO4 (with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) has been studied. Ferrite samples were synthesized by combustion method and sintered at various te...The impact of Cr3+ ion on the magnetic properties of Mn0.50Zn0.50CrxFe2-xO4 (with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) has been studied. Ferrite samples were synthesized by combustion method and sintered at various temperatures (1250°C, 1300°C and 1350°C). The structural properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction patterns and indicated that the samples possess single phase cubic spinel structure. The lattice parameter decreases with the increase in Cr3+ content, as the ionic radius of Cr3+ ion is smaller than that of Fe3+. The average grain size (D), bulk density (ρB) and initial permeability (μi’ )decreases with increase in Cr3+ content whereas porosity follows its opposite trend. The ρB was found to increase with increase in Cr3+ content as the sintering temperature (Ts) is increased from 1250°C to 1350°C. The Ts affects the densification, grain growth and (μi’ ) of the samples. The (μi’ ) strongly depends on average grain size, density and intragranular porosity. The B-H loops of the compositions were measured at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc) and hysteresis losses were studied as a function of Cr3+ content. The Ms was found to decrease with the increase of Cr3+ content, which is attributed to the dilution of A-B interaction.展开更多
Land suitability analysis is a prerequisite to achieving optimum utilization of available land resources. Hence, a study on land resource inventory for agricultural land use planning was conducted in the Northern Tran...Land suitability analysis is a prerequisite to achieving optimum utilization of available land resources. Hence, a study on land resource inventory for agricultural land use planning was conducted in the Northern Transition Zone of India to determine land capability and develop a suitability map for wheat and sorghum-based on physical and climatic factors of production using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Detailed soil survey information was used for this exercise. Four series (Singhanhalli, Mugli, Bogur and Venkatapur series) were identified and mapped into seventeen mapping units. Land capability classification showed that a greater portion of the study area belonged to class III followed by class IV with limitations of erosion, wetness and varying soil properties. Four land capability classes viz., II, III, IV, and VI, and seven subclasses <em>viz</em>., IIsf, IIItsf, IVs, IVt, IVts, IVtsf and VIt were identified. Major limitations of these subclasses were slope, erosion, depth, texture, coarse fragments, pH, organic carbon and base saturation. Soil suitability assessment revealed that the soils are moderately suitable to permanently not suitable. About 234 ha (31.6%) is moderately suitable, 494 ha (65.0%) marginally suitable and 10.2 ha (1.3%) permanently not suitable for wheat;while 78.5 ha (10.3%) is moderately suitable, 633.4 ha (82.3%) marginally suitable and 32.6 ha (4.3%) permanently not suitable for sorghum respectively. The moderate, marginal and permanent non-suitability was due to moderate, severe and very severe limitations respectively. However, it is possible to achieve potential yield of the crops in the study area if these limitations are addressed.展开更多
Bangladesh composes the most polluted air with Dhaka securing the top position. The purpose of the study is the enumeration of the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in Dhaka city’s air and their antibiotic susceptibi...Bangladesh composes the most polluted air with Dhaka securing the top position. The purpose of the study is the enumeration of the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in Dhaka city’s air and their antibiotic susceptibility to the common antibiotics. For the sample collection, different selective media was exposed in air where the highest and lowest CFU was 137 and 1 respectively. Pathogens were screened through Hemolysis, DNase and Coagulase test and identified by 16s rRNA sequencing followed by antibiotic susceptibility test. 16s rRNA sequencing revealed that the organisms were <em>Bacillus</em> <em>altitudinis</em> strain 41KF2bT.28, <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> strain QMA46-2, <em>Bacillus altitudinis</em>, <em>Bacillus pumilis </em>strain BJ-DEBCR-34, <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>strain TPS3156, <em>Bacillus sp </em>CO16, <em>Pseudomonas sp</em> strain 96LC22 and <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em> strain ATCC 13313. <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> were 81.81% and 54.54% resistant to the antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing would help to observe mutations in the traits as changes in hemolytic activity were found during pathogenecity tests.展开更多
This study was performed to assess whether there is an association between elevated Fasting Blood Glucose(FBG) and hearing impairment in Bangladeshi population. A total of 142 subjects(72 with elevated FBG; 70 control...This study was performed to assess whether there is an association between elevated Fasting Blood Glucose(FBG) and hearing impairment in Bangladeshi population. A total of 142 subjects(72 with elevated FBG; 70 control) were included in the study. The mean auditory thresholds of the control subjects at 1,4,8 and 12 kHz frequencies were 6.35 ± 0.35,10.07 ± 0.91,27.57 ± 1.82, 51.28 ± 3.01 dB SPL(decibel sound pressure level), respectively and that of the subjects with elevated FBG were 8.33 ± 0.66,14.37 ± 1.14, 38.96 土 2.23, and 71.11 ± 2.96 dB.respectively. The auditory thresholds of the subjects with elevated FBG were significantly(p < 0.05) higher than the control subjects at all the above frequencies, although hearing impairment was most evidently observed at an extra-high(12 kHz) frequency. Subjects with a long duration of diabetes(>10 years) showed significantly(p < 0.05) higher level of auditory thresholds at 8 and 12 kHz, but not at 1 and 4 kHz frequencies,compared to subjects with shorter duration of diabetes(≤10 years). In addition, based on the data of odds ratio, more acute impairment of hearing at the extra-high frequency was observed in diabetic subjects of both older(>40 years) and younger(<40 years) age groups compared to the respective controls. The binary logistic regression analysis showed a 5.79-fold increase in the odds of extra-high frequency hearing impairment in diabetic subjects after adjustment for age, gender and BMI. This study provides conclusive evidence that auditory threshold at an extra-high frequency could be a sensitive marker for hearing impairment in diabetic subjects.展开更多
COVID-19 has changed almost all aspects of our lives.Governments around the world have imposed lockdowns to slow down the transmissions.Fortunately,we have found the vaccine,in fact,a good number of them.However,manag...COVID-19 has changed almost all aspects of our lives.Governments around the world have imposed lockdowns to slow down the transmissions.Fortunately,we have found the vaccine,in fact,a good number of them.However,managing the testing and vaccination process of the total population is a mammoth job.However,there are always delays or data silo problems in multi-organizational work.Therefore,streamlining this process is vital to improve efficiency and save more lives.Because of its effective data sharing mechanism among different entities with a number of security features,blockchain can be an effective tool for different applications in the health sector.Furthermore,blockchain provides a distributed system along with greater privacy,transparency,and authenticity.In this article,we have presented a blockchain-based system that seamlessly integrates testing and vaccination systems,allowing the system to be transparent.The instant verification of any tamper-proof COVID-19 test result has been developed,which will serve as“Test Certificates”.A transparent and efficient vaccination system has also been exhibited and implemented as the“Digital Vaccine Passport”(DVP)system.The infection rate-based prioritization will ensure a transparent and fair vaccination process as well as tackle the distribution issue of the limited amount of vaccine.The comparative review with other existing works is also discussed,highlighting a clear difference from the existing works.Our proposed system is distinctive on the basis of prioritization of vaccines and seamless integration of test certificates and vaccine passports,which will aid in controlling the pandemic situation.This system will also be handy in the case of tackling any future pandemics initially.展开更多
In October 1996, The Dhaka Stock Exchange （DSE） adopted trading halts for individual stocks, collectively known as ＂circuit breakers＂, to reduce the stock market volatility. This paper reviews the existing circuit...In October 1996, The Dhaka Stock Exchange （DSE） adopted trading halts for individual stocks, collectively known as ＂circuit breakers＂, to reduce the stock market volatility. This paper reviews the existing circuit breakers literature and developed five hypothesis--＂Magnet Effect＂, ＂Cool off-Heating （C-H） Effect＂, ＂Information Hypothesis＂, ＂Volatility Spillover Hypothesis＂ and ＂Trading Interferences Hypothesis＂--which could be tested empirically not only in the Dhaka Stock Exchange but any stock exchanges around the world. This paper also suggests most appropriate econometric models for empirical testing. GARCH for inter day data and Event Study methodology for intra day data. Moreover, to test the robustness non-parametric tests need to use along with parametric one. Considering the stock market bubbles in 1996, it has been found that it was optimal for the regulators to adopt this trading halt, but not for the market. It failed to protect the market. However, this might be the consequences of misconceptions about the purpose and effectiveness of circuit breakers. Despite many arguments contrary to this mechanism and absence of any conclusive empirical evidence for a fragile stock exchange like DSE, it may be useful sometimes to replace the ＂invisible hand of the marketplace＂ with the ＂visible hand of the market regulators＂.展开更多
基金funded by Woosong University Academic Research 2024.
文摘Machine fault diagnostics are essential for industrial operations,and advancements in machine learning have significantly advanced these systems by providing accurate predictions and expedited solutions.Machine learning models,especially those utilizing complex algorithms like deep learning,have demonstrated major potential in extracting important information fromlarge operational datasets.Despite their efficiency,machine learningmodels face challenges,making Explainable AI(XAI)crucial for improving their understandability and fine-tuning.The importance of feature contribution and selection using XAI in the diagnosis of machine faults is examined in this study.The technique is applied to evaluate different machine-learning algorithms.Extreme Gradient Boosting,Support Vector Machine,Gaussian Naive Bayes,and Random Forest classifiers are used alongside Logistic Regression(LR)as a baseline model because their efficacy and simplicity are evaluated thoroughly with empirical analysis.The XAI is used as a targeted feature selection technique to select among 29 features of the time and frequency domain.The XAI approach is lightweight,trained with only targeted features,and achieved similar results as the traditional approach.The accuracy without XAI on baseline LR is 79.57%,whereas the approach with XAI on LR is 80.28%.
文摘This paper discusses the significance and prospects of low altitude small satellite aerial vehicles to ensure smooth aerial-ground communications for next-generation broadband networks.To achieve the generic goals of fifthgeneration and beyondwireless networks,the existing aerial network architecture needs to be revisited.The detailed architecture of low altitude aerial networks and the challenges in resource management have been illustrated in this paper.Moreover,we have studied the coordination between promising communication technologies and low altitude aerial networks to provide robust network coverage.We talk about the techniques that can ensure userfriendly control and monitoring of the low altitude aerial networks to bring forth wireless broadband connectivity to a new dimension.In the end,we highlight the future research directions of aerial-ground communications in terms of access technologies,machine learning,compressed sensing,and quantum communications.
文摘Bacterial endotoxins are a major concern in periodontal health and diseases owing to their structure and biological activity.With up-to-date knowledge of endotoxins and the recent findings about the influence of endotoxins in dental health,their probable mode of pathogenesis,and standard detection methods,this review analyzes the potential efficacy and benefits of probiotics in combination with conventional and contemporary treatment measures.In the oral cavity,Gram-negative bacteria are documented to predominate in the pulpal lesions with radiolucent areas and in the root canal with pulp necrosis,where they pose an absolute threat by promoting a series of inflammatory reactions.Endotoxin,a constituent of Gram-negative bacteria establishes a nexus between cytokine stimulation and proinflammatory reactions,therefore plays a critical role in decaying dental pulp and modulating periodontal diseases.Currently,the treatment regimen involves several biochemical preparations.In addition,probiotics have been reported to control endotoxin in gingivitis and contribute to the overall improvement of dental health.A potential benefit of a combination of probiotics as a complementary treatment along with the conventional treatment warrant more empirical evidence to elucidate its role and mechanism in resolving the clinical manifestations associated with endotoxins in the periodontal region.
文摘The demand for water pumping in urban water supply and irrigation in Bangladesh is significantly influenced by electricity deficits and high diesel costs. To address these challenges, the adoption of solar power for water pumping emerges as a viable alternative to traditional systems reliant on grid power and diesel. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on clean and renewable energies, aligning with the environmental and economic priorities of Bangladesh. The agricultural sector, serving as the backbone of the country’s economy, witnesses an escalating demand for water as the population increases. The extraction and transfer of water for agricultural and drinking purposes translate to high-energy consumption. Leveraging the abundant and essentially free solar energy, particularly during the crop growth periods when irrigation is crucial, presents an optimal solution. This study underscores the underutilization of this vital resource in Bangladesh and advocates for the widespread implementation of solar energy conversion programs, specifically in photovoltaic pumping systems. By comparing these systems with conventional diesel pumps, this paper aims to inspire policymakers, statesmen, and industry professionals to integrate green energy into the water sector. The envisioned outcome is a strategic shift towards sustainable development, with a focus on harnessing solar power to pump water for villages and agriculture, thus contributing to economic and environmental sustainability.
文摘Lassa hemorrhagic fever,caused by Lassa mammarenavirus(LASV)infection,accumulates up to 5000 deaths every year.Currently,there is no vaccine available to combat this disease.In this study,a library of 200 bioactive compounds was virtually screened to study their drug-likeness with the capacity to block theα-dystroglycan(α-DG)receptor and prevent LASV influx.Following rigorous absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)and quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)profiling,molecular docking was conducted with the top ligands against theα-DG receptor.The compounds chrysin,reticuline,and 3-caffeoylshikimic acid emerged as the top three ligands in terms of binding affinity.Post-docking analysis revealed that interactions with Arg76,Asn224,Ser259,and Lys302 amino acid residues of the receptor protein were important for the optimum binding affinity of ligands.Molecular dynamics simulation was performed comprehensively to study the stability of the protein-ligand complexes.In-depth assessment of root-mean-square deviation(RMSD),root mean square fluctuation(RMSF),polar surface area(PSA),B-Factor,radius of gyration(Rg),solvent accessible surface area(SASA),and molecular surface area(MolSA)values of the protein-ligand complexes affirmed that the candidates with the best binding affinity formed the most stable protein-ligand complexes.To authenticate the potentialities of the ligands as target-specific drugs,an in vivo study is underway in real time as the continuation of the research.
文摘Improving population health by creating more equitable health systems is a major focus of health policy and planning today.However,before we can achieve equity in health,we must first begin by leveraging all we have learned,and are continuing to discover,about the many social,structural,and environmental determinants of health.We must fully consider the conditions in which people are born,grow,learn,work,play,and age.The study of social determinants of health has made tremendous strides in recent decades.At the same time,we have seen huge advances in how health data are collected,analyzed,and used to inform action in the health sector.It is time to merge these two fields,to harness the best from both and to improve decision-making to accelerate evidence-based action toward greater health equity.
文摘Soil loss through erosion continues to pose serious challenges to increasing the smallholder agricultural productivity in Sierra Leone. While emphasis on sustainable land use practices continue to gain attention among land users, however, the rate of adoption among smallholder farmers is still very low and hence, in most part of the country soil fertility has been declining at alarming rates. In the Njala area, studies have shown that soil loss ranges from moderate to high. Though soil erosion has been identified as a major soil fertility declining factor, however, the effect of land use practices on the inherent resistance of soil materials to erosion is lacking. This study was therefore conducted to assess the effect of land uses on soil erodibility. The results showed that the soils are coarse sandy loam with high sand content. The dispersion ratios and erosion indices of soils under cassava, plantain, maize and guava were above the minimum thresholds of 15.0 and 10.0 respectively, thus indicating that these soils are highly erodible compared to soils under fallow and sweet potato which have dispersion ratios and erosion indices below the minimum thresholds. Clay content was inversely proportional to and significantly correlated with dispersion ratio and erosion index while the correlations between silt + clay, dispersion ration and erosion index, and silt, silt + clay and dispersion ratio were negative and non-significant. Considering the coarse nature of soils, landscape features and high erodibility indices, these soils would need special soil and water conservation practices to counter further degradation. These may include following, agroforestry, silvi-pasture, controlled and rotational grazing. In addition, awareness of sense of self-responsibility and forest policies and regulations are needed.
基金This study was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number(TURSP-2020/348),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Due to the difficulties of brain tumor segmentation, this paper proposes a strategy for extracting brain tumors from three-dimensional MagneticResonance Image (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans utilizing3D U-Net Design and ResNet50, taken after by conventional classificationstrategies. In this inquire, the ResNet50 picked up accuracy with 98.96%, andthe 3D U-Net scored 97.99% among the different methods of deep learning.It is to be mentioned that traditional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)gives 97.90% accuracy on top of the 3D MRI. In expansion, the imagefusion approach combines the multimodal images and makes a fused image toextricate more highlights from the medical images. Other than that, we haveidentified the loss function by utilizing several dice measurements approachand received Dice Result on top of a specific test case. The average mean scoreof dice coefficient and soft dice loss for three test cases was 0.0980. At thesame time, for two test cases, the sensitivity and specification were recordedto be 0.0211 and 0.5867 using patch level predictions. On the other hand,a software integration pipeline was integrated to deploy the concentratedmodel into the webserver for accessing it from the software system using theRepresentational state transfer (REST) API. Eventually, the suggested modelswere validated through the Area Under the Curve–Receiver CharacteristicOperator (AUC–ROC) curve and Confusion Matrix and compared with theexisting research articles to understand the underlying problem. ThroughComparative Analysis, we have extracted meaningful insights regarding braintumour segmentation and figured out potential gaps. Nevertheless, the proposed model can be adjustable in daily life and the healthcare domain to identify the infected regions and cancer of the brain through various imagingmodalities.
文摘In current decade, pharmaceutical industries of Bangladesh are giving much emphasize on the formulation of time release preparation to treat various chronic diseases in order to decrease the frequency of administration and to improve patient compliance. Objectives: The objective of this investigation is to design and evaluate sustained release matrix tablet of Gliclazide by direct compression method employing polymers of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) derivatives (K15M CR and K4M CR) and to select the optimized formulations and compression process by performing a comparative release kinetic study with a reference product, Diamicron MR (one of the worldwide brand of Gliclazide sustain released tablet manufactured by Servier one of the French pharmaceutical company) tablet. Methods: Release kinetics of Gliclazide matrix tablets were determined using USP paddle method at Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The release mechanism was explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer model. Result: It is found that formulation with lower polymeric concentration follows Higuchi release kinetics and that the formulation with higher concentration best fits with zero order release kinetics. Among the formulations, F1 and F6 show almost similar dissolution profile with Diamicron MR Tablet, which can be suitable candidates for further in-vivo bioequivalence study. Conclusion: Findings of this investigation suggest that F1 and F6 formulations are potential candidates for further bioequivalence study among other formulations.
文摘Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most severe diseases,and many studies have been conducted to anticipate diabetes.This research aimed to develop an intelligent mobile application based on machine learning to determine the diabetic,pre-diabetic,or non-diabetic without the assistance of any physician or medical tests.This study’s methodology was classified into two the Diabetes Prediction Approach and the Proposed System Architecture Design.The Diabetes Prediction Approach uses a novel approach,Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM),to ensure a faster diagnosis.The Proposed System ArchitectureDesign has been combined into sevenmodules;the Answering Question Module is a natural language processing Chabot that can answer all kinds of questions related to diabetes.The Doctor Consultation Module ensures free treatment related to diabetes.In this research,90%accuracy was obtained by performing K-fold cross-validation on top of the K nearest neighbor’s algorithm(KNN)&LightGBM.To evaluate the model’s performance,Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC)Curve and Area under the ROC Curve(AUC)were applied with a value of 0.948 and 0.936,respectively.This manuscript presents some exploratory data analysis,including a correlation matrix and survey report.Moreover,the proposed solution can be adjustable in the daily activities of a diabetic patient.
基金Association for Community Development(ACD),Rajshahi,Bangladesh supported this survey.
文摘Some big cities in Bangladesh have been experiencing a massive and rapid influx of rural people due to the impacts of climate change,and therefore the urban administration encounters enormous challenges.This study aims to investigate the drivers of climate-induced migration and the post-displacement status of the migrants living in the urban slum of Rajshahi City.Using a semi-structured questionnaire survey,this study conducted interviews with 50 migrants residing in two slums in Rajshahi City.An interpretive phenomenological analysis(IPA)approach was implemented to evaluate the survey data.This study finds that food insecurity and flood are the two significant climate drivers of migration.Among the non-climate drivers,lack of alternative livelihood is the major reason.It should be noticed that the climate migrants in many cases do not get the opportunity to improve their living standards;they are usually occupied with low-pay professions like maid,van and rickshaw puller,and scrap collector.The study also reveals that migrants,especially females and children,need several basic physiological,economic,social,and health services.Most children have no chance to attend school.Compared to males,females have more opportunities for some support and allowances.Overall,an inadequate level of change has taken place in the lives of migrants,which raises the concern if migration is ever a way to resolve a problem or the beginning of many other problems.Further research may concentrate on the impact of migration on the dynamics of social capital among slum dwellers.
文摘The soil resources of Sierra Leone remain an integral part of sustainable agricultural development but knowledge of the suitability of soils and their management requirements for a variety of land uses is still lacking to a greater extent. In this view, a detailed soil survey of three chiefdoms in Northern Sierra Leone was undertaken to evaluate the genesis of soils and interpret soil-landscape properties and their relationships using the toposequence and free style approach of soil survey. Three major soil types, viz, gravelly, gravel-free over gravel and gravel-free soils, formed either directly or indirectly from weathered and disintegrated parent materials of two geologic origins namely Rokel River Series (comprising of sandstone, shale and mudstone), and Granite and Acid Gneiss were identified. The gravelly soils are formed from sandstone and sandy shales of the Rokel River Series, which upon weathering released iron and hydrated oxides that hardened into plinthite upon drying. The gravel-free over gravel soils are formed from acid gneiss containing acid and intermediate igneous and metamorphic rocks, which upon weathering produced sandy clay textured soils whereas the gravel-free soils are derived from sedimentary rocks (shales and mudstones) of Rokel River Series, which upon weathering and action of organisms produced sandy clay loam and sandy clay textured soils. The gravel-free over gravel soils are mostly located in the summit and back slopes and show dark brown to dark yellowish-brown hue and moderate chroma, weak to moderate structure and absence of coarse fragments in the 0 - 40 cm layer, and a strong brown hue and high chroma, very weak fine angular blocky structure having abundance of coarse fragments from 40 cm and above. In these soils, the compactness of ironstone and sandstone gravels increases with depth. The gravel-free soils are found on three landscape positions, viz, back slopes, foot slopes and toe slopes. On the back and foot slopes, the soils are characterized by very dark brown to dark
文摘<b>Introduction:</b> Oral cancer is the third most prominent type of cancer in Bangladesh. During or after oral cancer treatment, immune-compromised cancer patients may be susceptible to an infection by multi-drug-resistant opportunistic microbes. This study aims to identify the prevalent microorganisms from the infected site of oral cancer patients and observe their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Clinical samples were collected from the infected sites of oral cancer patients and healthy people. The swabs collected were placed on nutrient agar slant, then incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. Bacteria from the slant were inoculated in several selective media (Mannitol Salt Agar Media, KF Streptococcus Agar media, Cetrimide Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar). Several biochemical tests identified opportunistic microorganisms. Finally, the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. <b>Results:</b> The study found that 65.4% of microbes isolated from the patients’ oral cavities were Gram-negative bacteria, and 34.6% were Gram-positive bacteria. Among the patient group isolates (n = 55), the most prevalent organism was <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (30;54.54%). Others were <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (27;49.09%), <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (24;43.63%), <i>E. coli</i> (14;25.45%), <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (14;25.45%), <i>Proteus</i> spp. (12;21.8%) and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (6;10.90%). Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes from the patient group have shown high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. In the control group (n = 50), the most prevalent organism was <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (15;30%). Other organisms were <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (6;12%), <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (11;22%), <i>E. coli</i> (3;6%), <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (14;25.45%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (8;16%). The microbes of the control group showed less resistance to the antibiotics and rather showed sensitivity to them. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study revealed a high preva
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh(Grant No.39.012.002.01.04.018.2014-319)
文摘Objective: To investigate the presence of different phytoconstituents in Mangifera indica(M. indica) peel and evaluate its cytotoxicity to Artemia salina and hypoglycemic potential in Swiss albino mice.Methods: The methanolic extract of M. indica peel was used to determine the presence of phytoconstituents. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay method was followed to determine the cytotoxic potential of plant extract. In the case of hypoglycemic activity, oral administration of extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg and standard glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg was done, followed by determining the percentage of reduction of plasma glucose from the initial level.Results: The methanolic extract of M. indica peel showed the presence of flavonoid,saponin, steroid, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and alkaloids. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC_(50) of the extract and standard vincristine sulfate was found to be 2.04 and0.41 mg/mL, respectively. After 90 and 150 min, the methanolic extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed prominent plasma glucose reduction of 13.95%, 22.48% and 14.16%,26.18% respectively compared to standard glibenclamide showing 14.90% and 20.67% plasma glucose reduction.Conclusions: This current research affirms prominent cytotoxic and moderate hypoglycemic potential of M. indica peel. Further bioactivity guided isolation of phytoconstituents and investigation on higher animals can lead to development of new drug molecules.
文摘The impact of Cr3+ ion on the magnetic properties of Mn0.50Zn0.50CrxFe2-xO4 (with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) has been studied. Ferrite samples were synthesized by combustion method and sintered at various temperatures (1250°C, 1300°C and 1350°C). The structural properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction patterns and indicated that the samples possess single phase cubic spinel structure. The lattice parameter decreases with the increase in Cr3+ content, as the ionic radius of Cr3+ ion is smaller than that of Fe3+. The average grain size (D), bulk density (ρB) and initial permeability (μi’ )decreases with increase in Cr3+ content whereas porosity follows its opposite trend. The ρB was found to increase with increase in Cr3+ content as the sintering temperature (Ts) is increased from 1250°C to 1350°C. The Ts affects the densification, grain growth and (μi’ ) of the samples. The (μi’ ) strongly depends on average grain size, density and intragranular porosity. The B-H loops of the compositions were measured at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc) and hysteresis losses were studied as a function of Cr3+ content. The Ms was found to decrease with the increase of Cr3+ content, which is attributed to the dilution of A-B interaction.
文摘Land suitability analysis is a prerequisite to achieving optimum utilization of available land resources. Hence, a study on land resource inventory for agricultural land use planning was conducted in the Northern Transition Zone of India to determine land capability and develop a suitability map for wheat and sorghum-based on physical and climatic factors of production using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Detailed soil survey information was used for this exercise. Four series (Singhanhalli, Mugli, Bogur and Venkatapur series) were identified and mapped into seventeen mapping units. Land capability classification showed that a greater portion of the study area belonged to class III followed by class IV with limitations of erosion, wetness and varying soil properties. Four land capability classes viz., II, III, IV, and VI, and seven subclasses <em>viz</em>., IIsf, IIItsf, IVs, IVt, IVts, IVtsf and VIt were identified. Major limitations of these subclasses were slope, erosion, depth, texture, coarse fragments, pH, organic carbon and base saturation. Soil suitability assessment revealed that the soils are moderately suitable to permanently not suitable. About 234 ha (31.6%) is moderately suitable, 494 ha (65.0%) marginally suitable and 10.2 ha (1.3%) permanently not suitable for wheat;while 78.5 ha (10.3%) is moderately suitable, 633.4 ha (82.3%) marginally suitable and 32.6 ha (4.3%) permanently not suitable for sorghum respectively. The moderate, marginal and permanent non-suitability was due to moderate, severe and very severe limitations respectively. However, it is possible to achieve potential yield of the crops in the study area if these limitations are addressed.
文摘Bangladesh composes the most polluted air with Dhaka securing the top position. The purpose of the study is the enumeration of the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in Dhaka city’s air and their antibiotic susceptibility to the common antibiotics. For the sample collection, different selective media was exposed in air where the highest and lowest CFU was 137 and 1 respectively. Pathogens were screened through Hemolysis, DNase and Coagulase test and identified by 16s rRNA sequencing followed by antibiotic susceptibility test. 16s rRNA sequencing revealed that the organisms were <em>Bacillus</em> <em>altitudinis</em> strain 41KF2bT.28, <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> strain QMA46-2, <em>Bacillus altitudinis</em>, <em>Bacillus pumilis </em>strain BJ-DEBCR-34, <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>strain TPS3156, <em>Bacillus sp </em>CO16, <em>Pseudomonas sp</em> strain 96LC22 and <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em> strain ATCC 13313. <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> were 81.81% and 54.54% resistant to the antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing would help to observe mutations in the traits as changes in hemolytic activity were found during pathogenecity tests.
文摘This study was performed to assess whether there is an association between elevated Fasting Blood Glucose(FBG) and hearing impairment in Bangladeshi population. A total of 142 subjects(72 with elevated FBG; 70 control) were included in the study. The mean auditory thresholds of the control subjects at 1,4,8 and 12 kHz frequencies were 6.35 ± 0.35,10.07 ± 0.91,27.57 ± 1.82, 51.28 ± 3.01 dB SPL(decibel sound pressure level), respectively and that of the subjects with elevated FBG were 8.33 ± 0.66,14.37 ± 1.14, 38.96 土 2.23, and 71.11 ± 2.96 dB.respectively. The auditory thresholds of the subjects with elevated FBG were significantly(p < 0.05) higher than the control subjects at all the above frequencies, although hearing impairment was most evidently observed at an extra-high(12 kHz) frequency. Subjects with a long duration of diabetes(>10 years) showed significantly(p < 0.05) higher level of auditory thresholds at 8 and 12 kHz, but not at 1 and 4 kHz frequencies,compared to subjects with shorter duration of diabetes(≤10 years). In addition, based on the data of odds ratio, more acute impairment of hearing at the extra-high frequency was observed in diabetic subjects of both older(>40 years) and younger(<40 years) age groups compared to the respective controls. The binary logistic regression analysis showed a 5.79-fold increase in the odds of extra-high frequency hearing impairment in diabetic subjects after adjustment for age, gender and BMI. This study provides conclusive evidence that auditory threshold at an extra-high frequency could be a sensitive marker for hearing impairment in diabetic subjects.
文摘COVID-19 has changed almost all aspects of our lives.Governments around the world have imposed lockdowns to slow down the transmissions.Fortunately,we have found the vaccine,in fact,a good number of them.However,managing the testing and vaccination process of the total population is a mammoth job.However,there are always delays or data silo problems in multi-organizational work.Therefore,streamlining this process is vital to improve efficiency and save more lives.Because of its effective data sharing mechanism among different entities with a number of security features,blockchain can be an effective tool for different applications in the health sector.Furthermore,blockchain provides a distributed system along with greater privacy,transparency,and authenticity.In this article,we have presented a blockchain-based system that seamlessly integrates testing and vaccination systems,allowing the system to be transparent.The instant verification of any tamper-proof COVID-19 test result has been developed,which will serve as“Test Certificates”.A transparent and efficient vaccination system has also been exhibited and implemented as the“Digital Vaccine Passport”(DVP)system.The infection rate-based prioritization will ensure a transparent and fair vaccination process as well as tackle the distribution issue of the limited amount of vaccine.The comparative review with other existing works is also discussed,highlighting a clear difference from the existing works.Our proposed system is distinctive on the basis of prioritization of vaccines and seamless integration of test certificates and vaccine passports,which will aid in controlling the pandemic situation.This system will also be handy in the case of tackling any future pandemics initially.
文摘In October 1996, The Dhaka Stock Exchange （DSE） adopted trading halts for individual stocks, collectively known as ＂circuit breakers＂, to reduce the stock market volatility. This paper reviews the existing circuit breakers literature and developed five hypothesis--＂Magnet Effect＂, ＂Cool off-Heating （C-H） Effect＂, ＂Information Hypothesis＂, ＂Volatility Spillover Hypothesis＂ and ＂Trading Interferences Hypothesis＂--which could be tested empirically not only in the Dhaka Stock Exchange but any stock exchanges around the world. This paper also suggests most appropriate econometric models for empirical testing. GARCH for inter day data and Event Study methodology for intra day data. Moreover, to test the robustness non-parametric tests need to use along with parametric one. Considering the stock market bubbles in 1996, it has been found that it was optimal for the regulators to adopt this trading halt, but not for the market. It failed to protect the market. However, this might be the consequences of misconceptions about the purpose and effectiveness of circuit breakers. Despite many arguments contrary to this mechanism and absence of any conclusive empirical evidence for a fragile stock exchange like DSE, it may be useful sometimes to replace the ＂invisible hand of the marketplace＂ with the ＂visible hand of the market regulators＂.
