The objective of this work is to extract walnut oil using various processes in order to compare the influence on the nature of the components extracted, and thus identify the areas of potential use. We carried out the...The objective of this work is to extract walnut oil using various processes in order to compare the influence on the nature of the components extracted, and thus identify the areas of potential use. We carried out the extractions by mechanical process, thanks to a press in reduced model provided with a worm. We obtained cold extracted oil whose characteristics slightly diverge from extra virgin oil found in shops in Romania, but its composition is similar. We were also able to extract by chemical process using two methods, Folch and Soxhlet. Commercially available table walnut oils are only cold extracted to avoid the presence of solvents. Those are difficult to remove and strongly oxidize the oil. Currently, consumers appreciate walnut oil for its taste and nutritional qualities. In nutrition, this oil is put forward for its composition rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are needed for human body. Food supplements made from walnut oil are available today. For the moment, this is the only use of walnut oil. Indeed, there are some studies on other fields of application, but they remain in the field of research and nothing has yet been commercialized. In this present study, we compared the chemical and physical properties of cold-extracted oil with the solvent extraction of walnut kernel originating from the mountain region of Rumania. The cold extracted oil has a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (63%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (30%), a very low level of saturated fatty acid (7%) and no content of linolenic acid. The Soxhlet and Folch methods produced slightly different oils with increased amounts of minor components, which changes their characteristic. Even when solvent-extracted oils do not meet the standard criteria imposed by the Codex Alimentarius, they offer a possible use in the fields of food, cosmetics industries and biomedicine.展开更多
Primary forests are spatially diverse terrestrial ecosystems with unique characteristics,being naturally regenerative and heterogeneous,which supports the stability of their carbon storage through the accumulation of ...Primary forests are spatially diverse terrestrial ecosystems with unique characteristics,being naturally regenerative and heterogeneous,which supports the stability of their carbon storage through the accumulation of live and dead biomass.Yet,little is known about the interactions between biomass stocks,tree genus diversity and structure across a temperate montane primary forest.Here,we investigated the relationship between tree structure(variability in basal area and tree size),genus-level diversity(abundance,tree diversity)and biomass stocks in temperate primary mountain forests across Central and Eastern Europe.We used inventory data from726 permanent sample plots from mixed beech and spruce across the Carpathian Mountains.We used nonlinear regression to analyse the spatial variability in forest biomass,structure,and genus-level diversity and how they interact with plot-level tree age,disturbances,temperature and altitude.We found that the combined effects of genus and structural indices were important for addressing the variability in biomass across different spatial scales.Local processes in disturbance regimes and uneven tree age support forest hete rogeneity and the accumulation of live and dead biomass through the natural regeneration,growth and decay of the forest ecosystem.Structural complexities in basal area index,supporte d by genus-level abundance,positively influence total biomass stocks,which was modulated by tree age and disturbances.Spruce forests showed higher tree density and basal area than mixed beech forests,though mixed beech still contributes significantly to biomass across landscapes.Forest heterogeneity was strongly influenced by complexities in forest composition(tree genus diversity,structure).We addressed the importance of primary forests as stable carbon stores,achieved through structure and diversity.Safeguarding such ecosystems is critical for ensuring the stability of the primary forest,carbon store and biodiversity into the future.展开更多
Seven Colletotrichum acutatum strains isolated from strawberries were cultivated on various culture media and tested in vitro and in vivo on Fragaria x ananassa for anthracnose symptoms. PDA caused an optimum growth o...Seven Colletotrichum acutatum strains isolated from strawberries were cultivated on various culture media and tested in vitro and in vivo on Fragaria x ananassa for anthracnose symptoms. PDA caused an optimum growth of all isolates, MEA, ML and Strawberry allowed a good but not optimal growth. Czapeck, Sabouraud and the organic medium from potato gave the lowest growth rate of all isolates. PDA allowed a good sporulation of isolates follow-up by strawberry, MEA;in contrast, ML, Czapeck and Sabouraud gave a low sporulation. The fungal development is maximal at 25°C and 27°C for all the isolates studied. No growth was observed at 5°C and 37°C. The studied strains developed at all pH values. They didn’t develop at 0.6, 0.65 and 0.7 aw but mycelial growth was perfect at 1 and 0.95 aw. The in vitro test of the pathogenicity caused by C. acutatum strains on strawberry’s leaves showed an increasing percentage of infection with time and different infection rates among C. acutatum strains, strain Ca6 having a pathogenic power very high compared to the other isolates. After in vivo inoculation and incubation of the seedlings, all isolates caused severe symptoms related to anthracnose on leaflets and petioles of the studied strawberry plants.展开更多
Within the consistent daily rhythm of human life,intervertebral discs endure a variety of complex loads beyond the influences of gravity and muscle forces,leading to significant morphological changes(in terms of volum...Within the consistent daily rhythm of human life,intervertebral discs endure a variety of complex loads beyond the influences of gravity and muscle forces,leading to significant morphological changes(in terms of volume,area,and height)as well as biomechanical alterations,including an increase in disc stiffness and a decrease in intradiscal pressure.Remarkably,the discs demonstrate an ability to regain their original morphological and biomechanical characteristics after a period of nocturnal rest.The preservation of normal disc function is critically dependent on this recovery phase,which serves to forestall premature disc degeneration.This phenomenon of disc recovery has been extensively documented through numerous in vivo studies employing advanced clinical techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI),stadiometry,and intradiscal pressure measurement.However,the findings from in vitro studies present a more complex picture,with reports varying between full recovery and only partial recuperation of the disc properties.Moreover,research focusing on degenerated discs in vitro has shed light on the quantifiable impact of degeneration on the disc ability to recover.Fluid dynamics within the disc are considered a primary factor in recovery,yet the disc intricate multiscale structure and its viscoelastic properties also play key roles.These elements interact in complex ways to influence the recovery mechanism,particularly in relation to the overall health of the disc.The objective of this review is to collate,analyze,and critically evaluate the existing body of in vivo and in vitro research on this topic,providing a comprehensive understanding of disc recovery processes.Such understanding offers a blueprint for future advancements in medical treatments and bionic engineering solutions designed to mimic,support,and enhance the natural recovery processes of intervertebral discs.展开更多
A synergistic solvent extraction system comprising trioctylamine(TOA)and ligands with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups can efficiently recover boric acid(H_(3)BO_(3))and separate boron isotopes.However,the structure of li...A synergistic solvent extraction system comprising trioctylamine(TOA)and ligands with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups can efficiently recover boric acid(H_(3)BO_(3))and separate boron isotopes.However,the structure of ligands might impact H_(3)BO_(3) extraction,boron isotope separation,and solvent loss,which has not been thoroughly investigated.This study initially evaluated the influence of ligand's type,pKa,and substituents on H_(3)BO_(3) extraction efficiency,as well as the impact of the B_((4))-O structure(boron is bound to four oxygen atoms)in the organic phase on isotope separation efficiency.Subsequently,by synthesizing the highly hydrophobic 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid(HYA),the extraction performance and mechanism of the TOA/HYA system were investigated.The findings highlight the superior extraction efficiency when employing di-phenolic hydroxyl,phenolic hydroxyl + carbinol hydroxyl,and alcoholic hydroxyl + carboxyl ligands compared to phenolic hydroxyl + carboxyl,phenolic hydroxyl + ethanol hydroxyl,diol hydroxyl,and dicarboxylic ligands.The organic phase anion complex,exclusively comprising the B_((4))-O structure,enhances isotope separation effectiveness.The TOA/HYA system achieves an 80%single-stage extraction efficiency for H_(3)BO_(3).H_(3)BO_(3) and HYA are extracted into the organic phase at a ratio of 1:2,with the anion complex solely containing the B_((4))-O structure.This study paves the way for the construction of novel boric acid extraction and boron isotope separation systems.展开更多
Natural gas hydrates(NGH)stored in submarine deposits are a promising energy resource,Yet,the deterioration in sediment strength can trigger geological disasters due to drilling-induced hydrate dissociation.Hence,an i...Natural gas hydrates(NGH)stored in submarine deposits are a promising energy resource,Yet,the deterioration in sediment strength can trigger geological disasters due to drilling-induced hydrate dissociation.Hence,an in-depth investigation on geo physical-mechanical performance of gas hydrate-bearing sediments(GHBS)is crucial for recovery hydrates safely and efficiently.This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the research progress on formation conditions,intrinsic properties,and mechanical responses of GHBS.The key findings have been presented:gas composition,inhibitors and promoters alter hydrate formation by modifying the thermodynamic equilibrium of temperature and pressure.Also,we identified the key determinants of porosity of GHBS and revealed the correlation between permeability,hydrate saturation,and hydrate morphology.Moreover,we highlighted the differences in mechanical behavior between hydrate-free sediments and GHBS along with their underlying mechanisms.Furthermore,we examined the methods for GHBS preparation as well as the employed test apparatuses,providing critical insights into the limitations and recommendations.By synthe-sizing data from existing literature,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the dependence of mechanical parameters of GHBS on factors such as hydrate saturation,effective confining stress,and temperature,and dis-cussed the mechanical responses subjected to various hydrate dissociation methods.Finally,we offer a perspective for future research to focus on the micro-scale aspects,heterogeneous distribution,and long-term stability of GHBS.The discerned patterns and mechanical mechanisms are expected to guide the improvement of predictive model for geo physical-mechanical behavior of GHBS and establish a reference for developing effective strategies for recovery hydrates.展开更多
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichderma harzianum TR were used to evaluate their growth-promoting activity on cultivated strawberries, under laboratory and field conditions, and we have noticed that the percenta...Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichderma harzianum TR were used to evaluate their growth-promoting activity on cultivated strawberries, under laboratory and field conditions, and we have noticed that the percentage of achene germination is important for ones treated with TR (=97%) followed by those treated with Bc2 strain (=90%) and the control (=84%). Inoculations on field showed that on untreated soil with insecticide, TR is effective and allows the development of plants and extends the duration of flowering and fruiting. On treated soil, Bc2 clearly promotes the growth and development of strawberry seedlings and its role as plant growth promoting microorganisms has been proved.展开更多
CO_(2)hydrogenation is an attractive way to store and utilize carbon dioxide generated by industrial processes,as well as to produce valuable chemicals from renewable and abundant resources.Iron catalysts are commonly...CO_(2)hydrogenation is an attractive way to store and utilize carbon dioxide generated by industrial processes,as well as to produce valuable chemicals from renewable and abundant resources.Iron catalysts are commonly used for the hydrogenation of carbon oxides to hydrocarbons.Iron-molybdenum catalysts have found numerous applications in catalysis,but have been never evaluated in the CO_(2)hydrogenation.In this work,the structural properties of iron-molybdenum catalysts without and with a promoting alkali metal(Li,Na,K,Rb,or Cs)were characterized using X-ray diffraction,hydrogen temperatureprogrammed reduction,CO_(2)temperature-programmed desorption,in-situ^(57)Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy and operando X-ray adsorption spectroscopy.Their catalytic performance was evaluated in the CO_(2)hydrogenation.During the reaction conditions,the catalysts undergo the formation of an iron(Ⅱ)molybdate structure,accompanied by a partial reduction of molybdenum and carbidization of iron.The rate of CO_(2)conversion and product selectivity strongly depend on the promoting alkali metals,and electronegativity was identified as an important factor affecting the catalytic performance.Higher CO_(2)conversion rates were observed with the promoters having higher electronegativity,while low electronegativity of alkali metals favors higher light olefin selectivity.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the ability of an imidazolium biobased Zwitterionic Ionic Liquids(ZILs)in enhancing the phytoavailability of copper from garden(G)and vineyard(V)soils using the model plant ryegrass.Unco...This study aims to investigate the ability of an imidazolium biobased Zwitterionic Ionic Liquids(ZILs)in enhancing the phytoavailability of copper from garden(G)and vineyard(V)soils using the model plant ryegrass.Uncontaminated and artificially contaminated CuSO_(4) soils,unamended and ZIL-amended soil modalities were designed.The copper/ZIL molar ratio(1/4)introduced was rationally established based on molecular modeling and on the maximal copper concentration in artificially contaminated soil.Higher accumulation of copper in the shoots was detected for the uncontaminated and copper contaminated ZIL amended V soils(18.9 and 23.3 mg/kg,respectively)contrary to G soils together with a ZIL concentration of around 3%(W/W)detected by LC-MS analyses.These data evidenced a Cu-accumulation improvement of 38%and 66%compared to non-amended V soils(13.6 and 13.9 mg/kg respectively).ZIL would be mainly present under Cu(II)-ZIL_(4) complexes in the shoots.The impact on the chemical composition of shoot was also studied.The results show that depending on the soils modalitity,the presence of free copper and/or ZIL led to different chemical compositions in lignin and monomeric sugar contents.In the biorefinery context,performances of enzymatic hydrolysis of shoots were also related to the presence of both ZIL and copper under free or complex forms.Ecotoxicity assessment of the vineyard soil samples indicated that the quantity of copper and ZIL remaining in the soils had no significant toxicity.ZIL amendment in a copper-contaminated soil was demonstrated as being a promising way to promote the valorization of phytoremediation plants.展开更多
The present paper discusses the vibrational properties of the mixture gelucire-quercetin(from 1%to 5%)at room and body temperature.Quercetin is a flavonoid having beneficial properties:biological and antioxidant;it is...The present paper discusses the vibrational properties of the mixture gelucire-quercetin(from 1%to 5%)at room and body temperature.Quercetin is a flavonoid having beneficial properties:biological and antioxidant;it is used in many fields as food,cosmetic and especially pharmaceutics but its use as a drug is affected by its low solubility.The Gelucire 50/13 is used as sustained release matrix forming agent in pharmaceutical applications and it has demonstrated the ability to improve the dissolution as well as the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.The mixture Gelucire-quercetin was essentially studied by FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy)and Raman spectroscopy.The behavior of these two molecules has been investigated in the spectral range 4000-0 cm-1 in Raman spectroscopy,and 4,000-600 cm-1 in FTIR.展开更多
Biological control of plant diseases makes extensive use of the antagonists. The effectiveness of the control depends on the choice of an effective antagonist strains from criteria of implying a good knowledge of biol...Biological control of plant diseases makes extensive use of the antagonists. The effectiveness of the control depends on the choice of an effective antagonist strains from criteria of implying a good knowledge of biological peculiarities of the material used. In this study, the antagonistic activities of nine isolates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and one isolate of Trichoderma harzianum were tested in vitro against seven strains of Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose. It was found that T. harzianum and B. amyloliquefaciens strains showed the ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogen by dual culture technique by more than 50 percent. The nonvolatile substances produced by the antagonists showed high inhibition percentages that are more than 99 percent, meanwhile their volatile compounds inhibited the mycelial growth of C. acutatum strains with low inhibition percentages starting from 30 percent except the substances produced by B. amyloliquefaciens Bc2 that showed a high inhibition percentage of more than 70 percent.展开更多
The increasingly strict regulation of the use of phytosanitary products and the will of the populations to move towards sustainable development allow bio-sourced products and more particularly for biocontrol in the fi...The increasingly strict regulation of the use of phytosanitary products and the will of the populations to move towards sustainable development allow bio-sourced products and more particularly for biocontrol in the field of pesticides to progress. The study carried out here concerns the evaluation of the potency of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichoderma harzianum to fight against strawberry cultures infected with anthracnose (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). The studies were carried out in the laboratory and in the field. The results indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichoderma harzianum TR are effective for the biological control of anthracnose, gray mold and powdery mildew on strawberries grown in field conditions. The increase in plant size and the number of fruits produced with these control agents has also been observed.展开更多
Solar walls constitute an important green architectural feature that positively contributes to energy saving in buildings. Different configurations may be proposed, such as, solar wall with Phase Change Material (PCM)...Solar walls constitute an important green architectural feature that positively contributes to energy saving in buildings. Different configurations may be proposed, such as, solar wall with Phase Change Material (PCM), composite solar wall, photovoltaic solar wall, zigzag solar wall, and solar hybrid wall. Being environmentally friendly, these passive solar components can provide thermal comfort and help save energy. Their disadvantages include principally unpredictable heat transfer, heat losses by night for some systems or inverse thermo-siphon phenomenon. Appropriate energy management techniques can be used to control and optimize the performances of solar walls. An experimental study for energy management of a PCM based solar wall is described in this paper. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed automatic control system in regulating the capture of solar energy.展开更多
Since its first release in 2008,Norine remains the unique resource completely devoted to nonribosomal peptides(NRPs).They are very attractive microbial secondary metabolites,displaying a remarkable diversity of struct...Since its first release in 2008,Norine remains the unique resource completely devoted to nonribosomal peptides(NRPs).They are very attractive microbial secondary metabolites,displaying a remarkable diversity of structure and functions.Norine(http://bioinfo.lifl.fr/NRP)includes a database now containing more than 1160 annotated peptides and user-friendly interfaces enabling the querying of the database,through the annotations or the structure of the peptides.Dedicated tools are associated for structural comparison of the compounds and prediction of their biological activities.In this paper,we start by describing the knowledgebase and the dedicated tools.We then present some user cases to show how useful Norine is for the discovery of novel nonribosomal peptides.展开更多
The effect of nine isolates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciensand one strain of Trichoderma harzianum, TR, on mycelial growth and germination of Colletotrichum acutatum were studied. The nine isolates were identified as Ba...The effect of nine isolates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciensand one strain of Trichoderma harzianum, TR, on mycelial growth and germination of Colletotrichum acutatum were studied. The nine isolates were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The efficacy of isolates was tested, at different concentrations. Results showed that one Bacillus isolates (Bc2) and TR were more effective at the lower concentration tested (3 × 105 CFU/ml and 105 conidia/ml).展开更多
Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to deal with the stabilization of the continuous Takagi Sugeno(TS)fuzzy models using their discretized forms based on the decay rate performance approach.Design/methodology/appro...Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to deal with the stabilization of the continuous Takagi Sugeno(TS)fuzzy models using their discretized forms based on the decay rate performance approach.Design/methodology/approach–This approach is structured as follows:first,a discrete model is obtained from the discretization of the continuous TS fuzzy model.The discretized model is obtained from the Euler approximation method which is used for several orders.Second,based on the decay rate stabilization conditions,the gains of a non-PDC control law ensuring the stabilization of the discrete model are determined.Third by keeping the values of the gains,the authors determine the values of the performance criterion and the authors check by simulation the stability of the continuous TS fuzzy models through the zero order hold.Findings–The proposed idea lead to compare the performance continuous stability results with the literature.The comparison is,also,taken between the quadratic and non-quadratic cases.Originality/value–Therefore,the originality of this paper consists in the improvement of the continuous fuzzy models by using their discretized models.In this case,the effect of the discretization step on the performances of the continuous TS fuzzy models is studied.The usefulness of this approach is shown through two examples.展开更多
Purpose The interaction between sleep and recovery is a fundamental issue for ultra-marathoners,especially after an ultra-trail,but literatures on this matter remains are scarce.The main objectives were(1)to describe ...Purpose The interaction between sleep and recovery is a fundamental issue for ultra-marathoners,especially after an ultra-trail,but literatures on this matter remains are scarce.The main objectives were(1)to describe sleep parameters during the nights following an ultra-endurance event in amateur trail runners,(2)to evaluate the recovery kinetics,and(3)to assess the relationship between sleep parameters and recovery.Methods Nineteen race finishers were tested daily,from 10 days before to 10 days after the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc^(®)(UTMB^(®)).Hooper Index(HI)was used to assess recovery and sleep parameters(total sleep time,TST and wake after sleep onset,WASO)were monitored using a wrist-worn actigraph.Results HI was higher than baseline until day 5 after the race(P<0.05)and younger athletes had a lower HI than older ones during the recovery period(P<0.001).TST was not modified by the race,but there was a WASO peak on the second night after.Positive correlations were found between WASO and muscle soreness(P<0.001)and between TST and HI(P<0.05).Conclusions In conclusion,participants needed 6 days for recovery after UTMB^(®)and younger runners seemed to recover faster than older ones.Post-race sleep quantity did not increase,but the second night was more fragmented,most likely due to muscle soreness.Correlations between sleep and recovery parameters highlighted the key role of sleep for recovery.展开更多
During both hot and cold seasons,masonry walls play an important role in the thermal performance between the interior and the exterior of occupied spaces.It is thus essential to analyze the thermal behavior at the hol...During both hot and cold seasons,masonry walls play an important role in the thermal performance between the interior and the exterior of occupied spaces.It is thus essential to analyze the thermal behavior at the hollow block’s level in order to better understand the temperature and heat flux distribution in its structure and potentially limit as much as possible the heat transfer through the block.In this scope,this paper offers an experimental and numerical in-depth analysis of heat transfer phenomena inside a hollow block using a dedicated experimental setup including a well-insulated reference box and several thermocouples and fluxmeters distributed at the boundaries and inside the hollow block.The block was then numerically 3D modelled and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics under the same conditions,properties,and dimensions as the experimentally tested block.The comparison between the numerical and experimental results provides very satisfactory results with relative difference of less than 4%for the computed thermal resistance.展开更多
Works concerning zooplankton of freshwaters of the western area of Algeria are only very fragmentary and remain at an embryonic state. Remediating to this situation, it led a study of the biodiversity and zooplanktoni...Works concerning zooplankton of freshwaters of the western area of Algeria are only very fragmentary and remain at an embryonic state. Remediating to this situation, it led a study of the biodiversity and zooplanktonic populations distribution in time and space in the Boughrara dam lake which remains subject to a strong pollution coming essentially from Morocco. The preliminary results of the faunistic analysis of the zooplanktonic populations enabled to highlight an important richness of zoological groups. The CFA （correspondences factorial analysis） and the AHC （ascending hierarchical classification） methods used both enabled to define the species distribution of both open waters and littoral ones, and also to perform existing affinities between them and the state of the used medium. Compared to other barrages, such as those of Bouhanifia and of Sarno, the zooplanktonic populations of both open waters and littoral populations appear to a great extent numerous in rain period. On the quantitative and qualitative level, the zooplanktonic populations strongly suffer from the pollution contamination coming from the Mouillah River especially in summer period. It is time to think about the protection of this fauna which is the second trophic chain link and this intending to preserve the ecosystems in an equilibrium state and to consider the exploitation of natural resources in the realization of an aquacultural farm.展开更多
Adventitious budding from embryonic cotyledons of immature seeds of carob was obtained. The combination of BAP (4.44 μM) and NAA (1.5 μM) furthered the neoformation of adventitious buds. These latter were multiplied...Adventitious budding from embryonic cotyledons of immature seeds of carob was obtained. The combination of BAP (4.44 μM) and NAA (1.5 μM) furthered the neoformation of adventitious buds. These latter were multiplied on MS medium added with BAP (2.22 μM). Stems and leaves growing were improved by adding 2.02 μM GA3. Elongation was favored by 0.5 μM NAA. 70% of rooting was obtained with 10 μM IBA.展开更多
文摘The objective of this work is to extract walnut oil using various processes in order to compare the influence on the nature of the components extracted, and thus identify the areas of potential use. We carried out the extractions by mechanical process, thanks to a press in reduced model provided with a worm. We obtained cold extracted oil whose characteristics slightly diverge from extra virgin oil found in shops in Romania, but its composition is similar. We were also able to extract by chemical process using two methods, Folch and Soxhlet. Commercially available table walnut oils are only cold extracted to avoid the presence of solvents. Those are difficult to remove and strongly oxidize the oil. Currently, consumers appreciate walnut oil for its taste and nutritional qualities. In nutrition, this oil is put forward for its composition rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are needed for human body. Food supplements made from walnut oil are available today. For the moment, this is the only use of walnut oil. Indeed, there are some studies on other fields of application, but they remain in the field of research and nothing has yet been commercialized. In this present study, we compared the chemical and physical properties of cold-extracted oil with the solvent extraction of walnut kernel originating from the mountain region of Rumania. The cold extracted oil has a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (63%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (30%), a very low level of saturated fatty acid (7%) and no content of linolenic acid. The Soxhlet and Folch methods produced slightly different oils with increased amounts of minor components, which changes their characteristic. Even when solvent-extracted oils do not meet the standard criteria imposed by the Codex Alimentarius, they offer a possible use in the fields of food, cosmetics industries and biomedicine.
基金funded by the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague(Internal Grant Agency:A_03_22-43110/1312/3101)the Czech Science(GACR 21-27454S)。
文摘Primary forests are spatially diverse terrestrial ecosystems with unique characteristics,being naturally regenerative and heterogeneous,which supports the stability of their carbon storage through the accumulation of live and dead biomass.Yet,little is known about the interactions between biomass stocks,tree genus diversity and structure across a temperate montane primary forest.Here,we investigated the relationship between tree structure(variability in basal area and tree size),genus-level diversity(abundance,tree diversity)and biomass stocks in temperate primary mountain forests across Central and Eastern Europe.We used inventory data from726 permanent sample plots from mixed beech and spruce across the Carpathian Mountains.We used nonlinear regression to analyse the spatial variability in forest biomass,structure,and genus-level diversity and how they interact with plot-level tree age,disturbances,temperature and altitude.We found that the combined effects of genus and structural indices were important for addressing the variability in biomass across different spatial scales.Local processes in disturbance regimes and uneven tree age support forest hete rogeneity and the accumulation of live and dead biomass through the natural regeneration,growth and decay of the forest ecosystem.Structural complexities in basal area index,supporte d by genus-level abundance,positively influence total biomass stocks,which was modulated by tree age and disturbances.Spruce forests showed higher tree density and basal area than mixed beech forests,though mixed beech still contributes significantly to biomass across landscapes.Forest heterogeneity was strongly influenced by complexities in forest composition(tree genus diversity,structure).We addressed the importance of primary forests as stable carbon stores,achieved through structure and diversity.Safeguarding such ecosystems is critical for ensuring the stability of the primary forest,carbon store and biodiversity into the future.
文摘Seven Colletotrichum acutatum strains isolated from strawberries were cultivated on various culture media and tested in vitro and in vivo on Fragaria x ananassa for anthracnose symptoms. PDA caused an optimum growth of all isolates, MEA, ML and Strawberry allowed a good but not optimal growth. Czapeck, Sabouraud and the organic medium from potato gave the lowest growth rate of all isolates. PDA allowed a good sporulation of isolates follow-up by strawberry, MEA;in contrast, ML, Czapeck and Sabouraud gave a low sporulation. The fungal development is maximal at 25°C and 27°C for all the isolates studied. No growth was observed at 5°C and 37°C. The studied strains developed at all pH values. They didn’t develop at 0.6, 0.65 and 0.7 aw but mycelial growth was perfect at 1 and 0.95 aw. The in vitro test of the pathogenicity caused by C. acutatum strains on strawberry’s leaves showed an increasing percentage of infection with time and different infection rates among C. acutatum strains, strain Ca6 having a pathogenic power very high compared to the other isolates. After in vivo inoculation and incubation of the seedlings, all isolates caused severe symptoms related to anthracnose on leaflets and petioles of the studied strawberry plants.
文摘Within the consistent daily rhythm of human life,intervertebral discs endure a variety of complex loads beyond the influences of gravity and muscle forces,leading to significant morphological changes(in terms of volume,area,and height)as well as biomechanical alterations,including an increase in disc stiffness and a decrease in intradiscal pressure.Remarkably,the discs demonstrate an ability to regain their original morphological and biomechanical characteristics after a period of nocturnal rest.The preservation of normal disc function is critically dependent on this recovery phase,which serves to forestall premature disc degeneration.This phenomenon of disc recovery has been extensively documented through numerous in vivo studies employing advanced clinical techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI),stadiometry,and intradiscal pressure measurement.However,the findings from in vitro studies present a more complex picture,with reports varying between full recovery and only partial recuperation of the disc properties.Moreover,research focusing on degenerated discs in vitro has shed light on the quantifiable impact of degeneration on the disc ability to recover.Fluid dynamics within the disc are considered a primary factor in recovery,yet the disc intricate multiscale structure and its viscoelastic properties also play key roles.These elements interact in complex ways to influence the recovery mechanism,particularly in relation to the overall health of the disc.The objective of this review is to collate,analyze,and critically evaluate the existing body of in vivo and in vitro research on this topic,providing a comprehensive understanding of disc recovery processes.Such understanding offers a blueprint for future advancements in medical treatments and bionic engineering solutions designed to mimic,support,and enhance the natural recovery processes of intervertebral discs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278407,21922814,22138012,22178349)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-038)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2901500,2022YFC2105302)Shandong Energy Institute(SEI U202306).
文摘A synergistic solvent extraction system comprising trioctylamine(TOA)and ligands with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups can efficiently recover boric acid(H_(3)BO_(3))and separate boron isotopes.However,the structure of ligands might impact H_(3)BO_(3) extraction,boron isotope separation,and solvent loss,which has not been thoroughly investigated.This study initially evaluated the influence of ligand's type,pKa,and substituents on H_(3)BO_(3) extraction efficiency,as well as the impact of the B_((4))-O structure(boron is bound to four oxygen atoms)in the organic phase on isotope separation efficiency.Subsequently,by synthesizing the highly hydrophobic 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid(HYA),the extraction performance and mechanism of the TOA/HYA system were investigated.The findings highlight the superior extraction efficiency when employing di-phenolic hydroxyl,phenolic hydroxyl + carbinol hydroxyl,and alcoholic hydroxyl + carboxyl ligands compared to phenolic hydroxyl + carboxyl,phenolic hydroxyl + ethanol hydroxyl,diol hydroxyl,and dicarboxylic ligands.The organic phase anion complex,exclusively comprising the B_((4))-O structure,enhances isotope separation effectiveness.The TOA/HYA system achieves an 80%single-stage extraction efficiency for H_(3)BO_(3).H_(3)BO_(3) and HYA are extracted into the organic phase at a ratio of 1:2,with the anion complex solely containing the B_((4))-O structure.This study paves the way for the construction of novel boric acid extraction and boron isotope separation systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52108401)the China Scholarship Council(202208070060).
文摘Natural gas hydrates(NGH)stored in submarine deposits are a promising energy resource,Yet,the deterioration in sediment strength can trigger geological disasters due to drilling-induced hydrate dissociation.Hence,an in-depth investigation on geo physical-mechanical performance of gas hydrate-bearing sediments(GHBS)is crucial for recovery hydrates safely and efficiently.This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the research progress on formation conditions,intrinsic properties,and mechanical responses of GHBS.The key findings have been presented:gas composition,inhibitors and promoters alter hydrate formation by modifying the thermodynamic equilibrium of temperature and pressure.Also,we identified the key determinants of porosity of GHBS and revealed the correlation between permeability,hydrate saturation,and hydrate morphology.Moreover,we highlighted the differences in mechanical behavior between hydrate-free sediments and GHBS along with their underlying mechanisms.Furthermore,we examined the methods for GHBS preparation as well as the employed test apparatuses,providing critical insights into the limitations and recommendations.By synthe-sizing data from existing literature,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the dependence of mechanical parameters of GHBS on factors such as hydrate saturation,effective confining stress,and temperature,and dis-cussed the mechanical responses subjected to various hydrate dissociation methods.Finally,we offer a perspective for future research to focus on the micro-scale aspects,heterogeneous distribution,and long-term stability of GHBS.The discerned patterns and mechanical mechanisms are expected to guide the improvement of predictive model for geo physical-mechanical behavior of GHBS and establish a reference for developing effective strategies for recovery hydrates.
文摘Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichderma harzianum TR were used to evaluate their growth-promoting activity on cultivated strawberries, under laboratory and field conditions, and we have noticed that the percentage of achene germination is important for ones treated with TR (=97%) followed by those treated with Bc2 strain (=90%) and the control (=84%). Inoculations on field showed that on untreated soil with insecticide, TR is effective and allows the development of plants and extends the duration of flowering and fruiting. On treated soil, Bc2 clearly promotes the growth and development of strawberry seedlings and its role as plant growth promoting microorganisms has been proved.
基金financial support from European Union(Interreg FWVL V project PSYCHE)from the French National Research Agency(Multiprobe project,ANR-20-CE42-0007)。
文摘CO_(2)hydrogenation is an attractive way to store and utilize carbon dioxide generated by industrial processes,as well as to produce valuable chemicals from renewable and abundant resources.Iron catalysts are commonly used for the hydrogenation of carbon oxides to hydrocarbons.Iron-molybdenum catalysts have found numerous applications in catalysis,but have been never evaluated in the CO_(2)hydrogenation.In this work,the structural properties of iron-molybdenum catalysts without and with a promoting alkali metal(Li,Na,K,Rb,or Cs)were characterized using X-ray diffraction,hydrogen temperatureprogrammed reduction,CO_(2)temperature-programmed desorption,in-situ^(57)Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy and operando X-ray adsorption spectroscopy.Their catalytic performance was evaluated in the CO_(2)hydrogenation.During the reaction conditions,the catalysts undergo the formation of an iron(Ⅱ)molybdate structure,accompanied by a partial reduction of molybdenum and carbidization of iron.The rate of CO_(2)conversion and product selectivity strongly depend on the promoting alkali metals,and electronegativity was identified as an important factor affecting the catalytic performance.Higher CO_(2)conversion rates were observed with the promoters having higher electronegativity,while low electronegativity of alkali metals favors higher light olefin selectivity.
文摘This study aims to investigate the ability of an imidazolium biobased Zwitterionic Ionic Liquids(ZILs)in enhancing the phytoavailability of copper from garden(G)and vineyard(V)soils using the model plant ryegrass.Uncontaminated and artificially contaminated CuSO_(4) soils,unamended and ZIL-amended soil modalities were designed.The copper/ZIL molar ratio(1/4)introduced was rationally established based on molecular modeling and on the maximal copper concentration in artificially contaminated soil.Higher accumulation of copper in the shoots was detected for the uncontaminated and copper contaminated ZIL amended V soils(18.9 and 23.3 mg/kg,respectively)contrary to G soils together with a ZIL concentration of around 3%(W/W)detected by LC-MS analyses.These data evidenced a Cu-accumulation improvement of 38%and 66%compared to non-amended V soils(13.6 and 13.9 mg/kg respectively).ZIL would be mainly present under Cu(II)-ZIL_(4) complexes in the shoots.The impact on the chemical composition of shoot was also studied.The results show that depending on the soils modalitity,the presence of free copper and/or ZIL led to different chemical compositions in lignin and monomeric sugar contents.In the biorefinery context,performances of enzymatic hydrolysis of shoots were also related to the presence of both ZIL and copper under free or complex forms.Ecotoxicity assessment of the vineyard soil samples indicated that the quantity of copper and ZIL remaining in the soils had no significant toxicity.ZIL amendment in a copper-contaminated soil was demonstrated as being a promising way to promote the valorization of phytoremediation plants.
文摘The present paper discusses the vibrational properties of the mixture gelucire-quercetin(from 1%to 5%)at room and body temperature.Quercetin is a flavonoid having beneficial properties:biological and antioxidant;it is used in many fields as food,cosmetic and especially pharmaceutics but its use as a drug is affected by its low solubility.The Gelucire 50/13 is used as sustained release matrix forming agent in pharmaceutical applications and it has demonstrated the ability to improve the dissolution as well as the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.The mixture Gelucire-quercetin was essentially studied by FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy)and Raman spectroscopy.The behavior of these two molecules has been investigated in the spectral range 4000-0 cm-1 in Raman spectroscopy,and 4,000-600 cm-1 in FTIR.
文摘Biological control of plant diseases makes extensive use of the antagonists. The effectiveness of the control depends on the choice of an effective antagonist strains from criteria of implying a good knowledge of biological peculiarities of the material used. In this study, the antagonistic activities of nine isolates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and one isolate of Trichoderma harzianum were tested in vitro against seven strains of Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose. It was found that T. harzianum and B. amyloliquefaciens strains showed the ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogen by dual culture technique by more than 50 percent. The nonvolatile substances produced by the antagonists showed high inhibition percentages that are more than 99 percent, meanwhile their volatile compounds inhibited the mycelial growth of C. acutatum strains with low inhibition percentages starting from 30 percent except the substances produced by B. amyloliquefaciens Bc2 that showed a high inhibition percentage of more than 70 percent.
文摘The increasingly strict regulation of the use of phytosanitary products and the will of the populations to move towards sustainable development allow bio-sourced products and more particularly for biocontrol in the field of pesticides to progress. The study carried out here concerns the evaluation of the potency of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichoderma harzianum to fight against strawberry cultures infected with anthracnose (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). The studies were carried out in the laboratory and in the field. The results indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichoderma harzianum TR are effective for the biological control of anthracnose, gray mold and powdery mildew on strawberries grown in field conditions. The increase in plant size and the number of fruits produced with these control agents has also been observed.
文摘Solar walls constitute an important green architectural feature that positively contributes to energy saving in buildings. Different configurations may be proposed, such as, solar wall with Phase Change Material (PCM), composite solar wall, photovoltaic solar wall, zigzag solar wall, and solar hybrid wall. Being environmentally friendly, these passive solar components can provide thermal comfort and help save energy. Their disadvantages include principally unpredictable heat transfer, heat losses by night for some systems or inverse thermo-siphon phenomenon. Appropriate energy management techniques can be used to control and optimize the performances of solar walls. An experimental study for energy management of a PCM based solar wall is described in this paper. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed automatic control system in regulating the capture of solar energy.
文摘Since its first release in 2008,Norine remains the unique resource completely devoted to nonribosomal peptides(NRPs).They are very attractive microbial secondary metabolites,displaying a remarkable diversity of structure and functions.Norine(http://bioinfo.lifl.fr/NRP)includes a database now containing more than 1160 annotated peptides and user-friendly interfaces enabling the querying of the database,through the annotations or the structure of the peptides.Dedicated tools are associated for structural comparison of the compounds and prediction of their biological activities.In this paper,we start by describing the knowledgebase and the dedicated tools.We then present some user cases to show how useful Norine is for the discovery of novel nonribosomal peptides.
文摘The effect of nine isolates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciensand one strain of Trichoderma harzianum, TR, on mycelial growth and germination of Colletotrichum acutatum were studied. The nine isolates were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The efficacy of isolates was tested, at different concentrations. Results showed that one Bacillus isolates (Bc2) and TR were more effective at the lower concentration tested (3 × 105 CFU/ml and 105 conidia/ml).
文摘Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to deal with the stabilization of the continuous Takagi Sugeno(TS)fuzzy models using their discretized forms based on the decay rate performance approach.Design/methodology/approach–This approach is structured as follows:first,a discrete model is obtained from the discretization of the continuous TS fuzzy model.The discretized model is obtained from the Euler approximation method which is used for several orders.Second,based on the decay rate stabilization conditions,the gains of a non-PDC control law ensuring the stabilization of the discrete model are determined.Third by keeping the values of the gains,the authors determine the values of the performance criterion and the authors check by simulation the stability of the continuous TS fuzzy models through the zero order hold.Findings–The proposed idea lead to compare the performance continuous stability results with the literature.The comparison is,also,taken between the quadratic and non-quadratic cases.Originality/value–Therefore,the originality of this paper consists in the improvement of the continuous fuzzy models by using their discretized models.In this case,the effect of the discretization step on the performances of the continuous TS fuzzy models is studied.The usefulness of this approach is shown through two examples.
基金We thank the organization of the Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc^(®) and the Ultra Sports Science foundation for making this study feasible.
文摘Purpose The interaction between sleep and recovery is a fundamental issue for ultra-marathoners,especially after an ultra-trail,but literatures on this matter remains are scarce.The main objectives were(1)to describe sleep parameters during the nights following an ultra-endurance event in amateur trail runners,(2)to evaluate the recovery kinetics,and(3)to assess the relationship between sleep parameters and recovery.Methods Nineteen race finishers were tested daily,from 10 days before to 10 days after the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc^(®)(UTMB^(®)).Hooper Index(HI)was used to assess recovery and sleep parameters(total sleep time,TST and wake after sleep onset,WASO)were monitored using a wrist-worn actigraph.Results HI was higher than baseline until day 5 after the race(P<0.05)and younger athletes had a lower HI than older ones during the recovery period(P<0.001).TST was not modified by the race,but there was a WASO peak on the second night after.Positive correlations were found between WASO and muscle soreness(P<0.001)and between TST and HI(P<0.05).Conclusions In conclusion,participants needed 6 days for recovery after UTMB^(®)and younger runners seemed to recover faster than older ones.Post-race sleep quantity did not increase,but the second night was more fragmented,most likely due to muscle soreness.Correlations between sleep and recovery parameters highlighted the key role of sleep for recovery.
文摘During both hot and cold seasons,masonry walls play an important role in the thermal performance between the interior and the exterior of occupied spaces.It is thus essential to analyze the thermal behavior at the hollow block’s level in order to better understand the temperature and heat flux distribution in its structure and potentially limit as much as possible the heat transfer through the block.In this scope,this paper offers an experimental and numerical in-depth analysis of heat transfer phenomena inside a hollow block using a dedicated experimental setup including a well-insulated reference box and several thermocouples and fluxmeters distributed at the boundaries and inside the hollow block.The block was then numerically 3D modelled and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics under the same conditions,properties,and dimensions as the experimentally tested block.The comparison between the numerical and experimental results provides very satisfactory results with relative difference of less than 4%for the computed thermal resistance.
文摘Works concerning zooplankton of freshwaters of the western area of Algeria are only very fragmentary and remain at an embryonic state. Remediating to this situation, it led a study of the biodiversity and zooplanktonic populations distribution in time and space in the Boughrara dam lake which remains subject to a strong pollution coming essentially from Morocco. The preliminary results of the faunistic analysis of the zooplanktonic populations enabled to highlight an important richness of zoological groups. The CFA （correspondences factorial analysis） and the AHC （ascending hierarchical classification） methods used both enabled to define the species distribution of both open waters and littoral ones, and also to perform existing affinities between them and the state of the used medium. Compared to other barrages, such as those of Bouhanifia and of Sarno, the zooplanktonic populations of both open waters and littoral populations appear to a great extent numerous in rain period. On the quantitative and qualitative level, the zooplanktonic populations strongly suffer from the pollution contamination coming from the Mouillah River especially in summer period. It is time to think about the protection of this fauna which is the second trophic chain link and this intending to preserve the ecosystems in an equilibrium state and to consider the exploitation of natural resources in the realization of an aquacultural farm.
文摘Adventitious budding from embryonic cotyledons of immature seeds of carob was obtained. The combination of BAP (4.44 μM) and NAA (1.5 μM) furthered the neoformation of adventitious buds. These latter were multiplied on MS medium added with BAP (2.22 μM). Stems and leaves growing were improved by adding 2.02 μM GA3. Elongation was favored by 0.5 μM NAA. 70% of rooting was obtained with 10 μM IBA.
