Solid phase extraction is widely used in sample pretreatment,concentration and analysis processes due to high selectivity and suitability for low concentration sample system.In this review,we systematically summarized...Solid phase extraction is widely used in sample pretreatment,concentration and analysis processes due to high selectivity and suitability for low concentration sample system.In this review,we systematically summarized and discussed the development trends of solid phase extraction by bibliometrics method.By analyzing papers output scale,the research and development direction of solid phase extraction technology is prospected.We also give an overview on current strategies of novel solid phase extraction from the separation medium and separation technology.The paper aims to describe the global research profile and the development trends of solid phase extraction,to help researchers to accurately grasp the research trend and to provide support for scientific research institutions to formulate scientific policies and strategic plans.Furthermore,the prospect of the development and application of solid phase extraction is also discussed.展开更多
TiO_(2)photocatalysts have been widely studied and applied for removing bacteria,but its antibacterial efficiency is limited to the ultraviolet(UV)range of the solar spectrum.In this work,we use the gold(Au)nanorods t...TiO_(2)photocatalysts have been widely studied and applied for removing bacteria,but its antibacterial efficiency is limited to the ultraviolet(UV)range of the solar spectrum.In this work,we use the gold(Au)nanorods to enhance the visible and near-infrared(NIR)light absorption of TiO_(2)NBs,a typical UV light photocatalyst,thus the enhancement of its full solar spectrum(UV,visible and NIR)photocatalytic antibacterial properties is achieved.Preliminary surface plasmon resonance(SPR)enhancement photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism is suggested.On one hand,transverse and longitudinal SPR of Au NRs is beneficial for visible and NIR light utilization.On the other hand,Au NRs combined with TiO_(2)NBs to form the heterostructure,which can improve the photogenerated carrier separation and direct electron transfer increases the hot electron concentration while Au NRs as the electron channel can well restrain charge recombination.finally produces the high yield of radical oxygen species and exhibits a superior antibacterial efficiency.Furthermore,we design a sterilization file cabinet with Au NR/TiO_(2)NB heterostructures as the photocatalytic coating plates.Our study reveals that Au NR/TiO_(2)NB heterostructure is a potential candidate for sterilization of bacteria and archives protection.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on glycemic control (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: A crosssectional study of consecutive in-patients admitted to hospital in any departmen...AIM: To investigate the effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on glycemic control (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: A crosssectional study of consecutive in-patients admitted to hospital in any department during the fi rst semester of the year 2010 who had a recent HbA1c measurement. The study excluded those with a diagnosis of hyperglycemic decompensation, diabetic onset or pregnancy. It compared HbA1c levels of those taking PPIs and those not. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients were recruited. The average HbA1C level was 7.0% ± 1.2%. Overall PPI consumption was 55.7%. HbA1c was signif icantly lower in individuals who took PPIs: -0.6%, 95% CI: -0.12 to-0.83. People who used PPIs with some type of insulin therapy had a HbA1c reduction by -0.8%, 95% CI: -0.12 to -1.48. For the rest of subgroup analysis based on the antidiabetic drug used, PPI consumption always exhibited lower HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION: PPIs seems to be consistently associated with better glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. HbA1c reduction observed is similar to incretin-based therapies.展开更多
This study explored the effects of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) and ethoxyquin(EQ) and ethyl ether extracts, ethyl acetate extracts(EAE), acetone extracts, ethanol extracts and aqueous extracts of Ginkgo biloba leave...This study explored the effects of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) and ethoxyquin(EQ) and ethyl ether extracts, ethyl acetate extracts(EAE), acetone extracts, ethanol extracts and aqueous extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves(EGbs) on lipid oxidation in a linoleic acid emulsion, fish flesh and fish feed and in hydroxyl radical(·OH)-treated carp erythrocytes. The linoleic acid, fish flesh and fish feed were incubated with BHT,EQ and EGbs at 45℃ for 8 d, respectively, except for the control group. The lipid oxidation in the linoleic acid emulsion, fish flesh and fish feed was then measured by the ferric thiocyanate method or thiobarbituric acid method. The carp erythrocytes were treated with BHT, EQ. or EGbs in the presence of40 μmol/L FeSO_4 and 20 μmol/L H_2 O_2 at 37℃ for 6 h,except for the control group. Oxidative stress and apoptosis parameters in carp erythrocytes were then evaluated by the commercial kit. The results showed that BHT, EQ and EGbs inhibited lipid oxidation in the linoleic acid emulsion, fish flesh and fish feed and·OH-induced phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation(the biomarkers of apoptosis) in carp erythrocytes. Furthermore, BHT, EQ and EGbs decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),inhibited the oxidation of cellular components and restored the activities of enzymatic antioxidants in·OH-treated carp erythrocytes. Of all examined EGbs, EAE showed the strongest effects. The effects of EAE on lipid oxidation in the linoleic acid emulsion and on superoxide anion and malonaldehyde levels,catalase activity and apoptosis in. OH-treated carp erythrocytes were equivalent to or stronger than those of BHT. Moreover, these results indicated that the inhibition order of EGbs on the generation of ROS and oxidation of cellular components in fish erythrocytes approximately agreed with that for the food and feed materials tested above. And, the antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of EGbs were positively correlated with their flavonoid content. Taken together, these results r展开更多
Erythrocytes play an essential role in transporting O_2 and CO_2 for respiration in fish. However,erythrocytes continuously suffer from reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Thus, it is ...Erythrocytes play an essential role in transporting O_2 and CO_2 for respiration in fish. However,erythrocytes continuously suffer from reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Thus, it is essential to expand our knowledge of how to protect erythrocytes against ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in fish. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity and the effects of butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA), ethyl ether extracts, ethyl acetate extracts, acetone extracts(AE), ethanol extracts, and aqueous extracts of Astragalus membranaceus(EAm) on hydroxyl radical(·OH)-induced apoptosis in carp erythrocytes. The rat hepatocytes and carp erythrocytes were incubated with different concentrations of BHA or EAm(0.125 to 1 mg/mL). The toxicity in rat hepatocytes and carp erythrocytes was then measured using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay and a haemolysis assay,respectively. The carp erythrocytes were treated with BHA or EAm in the presence of 40 μmol/L FeSO4 and20 μmol/L H_2 O_2 at 37℃, except for the control group. Oxidative stress and apoptosis parameters in the carp erythrocytes were then evaluated using the commercial kit. The results indicated that at high concentrations, BHA and EAm could induce toxicity in rat hepatocytes and fish erythrocytes. However, BHA was more toxic than EAm at the same concentrations. Moreover, the toxicity order of BHA and EAm in the fish erythrocytes approximately agreed with that for the rat hepatocytes. Butylated hydroxyanisole and EAm suppressed the ·OH-induced phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation(the biomarkers of apoptosis) by decreasing the generation of ROS, inhibiting the oxidation of cellular components, and restoring the activities of antioxidants in carp erythrocytes. Of all of the examined EAm, the AE showed the strongest effects. The effects of AE on superoxide anion, H_2 O_2, met-haemoglobin and reduced glutathione levels, as well as glutathione reductase activity and apoptosis were eq展开更多
The purpose of introducing blockchain into electronic archives sharing and utilization is to break the information barrier between electronic archives sharing departments by relying on technologies such as smart contr...The purpose of introducing blockchain into electronic archives sharing and utilization is to break the information barrier between electronic archives sharing departments by relying on technologies such as smart contract and asymmetric encryption.Aiming at the problem of dynamic permission management in common access control methods,a new access control method based on smart contract under blockchain is proposed,which improves the intelligence level under blockchain technology.Firstly,the Internet attribute access control model based on smart contract is established.For the dynamic access of heterogeneous devices,the management contract,permission judgment contract and access control contract are designed;Secondly,the access object credit evaluation algorithm based on particle swarm optimization radial basis function(PSO-RBF)neural network is used to dynamically generate the access node credit threshold combined with the access policy,so as to realize the intelligent access right management method.Finally,combined with the abovemodels and algorithms,the workflow of electronic archives sharing and utilization model of multi blockchain is constructed.The experimental results show that the timeconsuming of the process increases linearly with the number of continuous access to electronic archives blocks,and the secure access control of sharing and utilization is feasible,secure and effective.展开更多
Purpose: The goal of this study is to explore whether deep learning based embed ded models can provide a better visualization solution for large citation networks. De sign/methodology/approach: Our team compared the v...Purpose: The goal of this study is to explore whether deep learning based embed ded models can provide a better visualization solution for large citation networks. De sign/methodology/approach: Our team compared the visualization approach borrowed from the deep learning community with the well-known bibliometric network visualization for large scale data. 47,294 highly cited papers were visualized by using three network embedding models plus the t-SNE dimensionality reduction technique. Besides, three base maps were created with the same dataset for evaluation purposes. All base maps used the classic Open Ord method with different edge cutting strategies and parameters. Findings: The network embedded maps with t-SNE preserve a very similar global structure to the full edges classic force-directed map, while the maps vary in local structure. Among them, the Node2Vec model has the best overall visualization performance, the local structure has been significantly improved and the maps' layout has very high stability.Research limitations: The computational and time costs of training are very high for network em bedded models to obtain high dimensional latent vector. Only one dimensionality reduction technique was tested. Practical implications: This paper demonstrates that the network embedding models are able to accurately reconstruct the large bibliometric network in the vector space. In the future, apart from network visualization, many classical vector-based machine learning algorithms can be applied to network representations for solving bibliomet ric analysis tasks. Originality/value: This paper provides the first systematic comparison of classical science mapping visualization with network embedding based visualization on a large scale dataset. We showed deep learning based network embedding model with t-SNE can provide a richer,more stable science map. We also designed a practical evaluation method to investigate and compare maps.展开更多
Purpose:We present an analytical,open source and flexible natural language processing and text mining method for topic evolution,emerging topic detection and research trend forecasting for all kinds of data-tagged tex...Purpose:We present an analytical,open source and flexible natural language processing and text mining method for topic evolution,emerging topic detection and research trend forecasting for all kinds of data-tagged text.Design/methodology/approach:We make full use of the functions provided by the open source VOSviewer and Microsoft Office,including a thesaurus for data clean-up and a LOOKUP function for comparative analysis.Findings:Through application and verification in the domain of perovskite solar cells research,this method proves to be effective.Research limitations:A certain amount of manual data processing and a specific research domain background are required for better,more illustrative analysis results.Adequate time for analysis is also necessary.Practical implications:We try to set up an easy,useful,and flexible interdisciplinary text analyzing procedure for researchers,especially those without solid computer programming skills or who cannot easily access complex software.This procedure can also serve as a wonderful example for teaching information literacy.Originality/value:This text analysis approach has not been reported before.展开更多
Desertification poses significant threats to the ecological security and sustainable economic and social development of countries worldwide. In China, existing desertified land primarily lies between 35°–50°...Desertification poses significant threats to the ecological security and sustainable economic and social development of countries worldwide. In China, existing desertified land primarily lies between 35°–50°N, covering arid and semi-arid regions and a total area of 1.688×106 km^(2), which represents 17.58%of the total territorial area of the country (Fig. 1).展开更多
Marginalization and abandonment of paddy terraces are widespread,but their effects on the sustainability of subsequent agricultural production are still unknown.Hani Paddy Terraces,included in Globally Important Agric...Marginalization and abandonment of paddy terraces are widespread,but their effects on the sustainability of subsequent agricultural production are still unknown.Hani Paddy Terraces,included in Globally Important Agriculture Heritage Systems,are threatened by paddy fields drainage.Here,changes in terrace structure,the productivity of topsoil(0-20 cm),and soil water holding capacity at 0-70 cm depth were determined in a case study of Hani Paddy Terraces in Amengkong River Basin in Yuanyang County in Southwestern China,which had been converted into dryland terraces for 2-14 years.Our results showed that:(1)The degree of terrace structures degradation exhibited a U-shaped curve with increasing time since draining,with those drained for 5-9 years having the best structure;(2)Soil productivity index decreased first and then increased with time after conversion;(3)Maximum water holding capacity at 0-70 cm soil depth dramatically decreased after conversion and such trend became increasingly obvious with increasing time since conversion.Our study revealed that drainage of paddy terraces along with associated changes in crop and field management led to an increase in soil productivity,but degradation of terrace structures and a decrease in water holding capacity will inhibit restoration to paddy terraces.These findings enhance the understanding of the biophysical changes due to marginalization in paddy terraces.展开更多
In the last decades many methods have been developed for the evaluation of the quality and impact of both the scientific research papers and scientists.Effectively identifying,discovering,and evaluating high-impact pa...In the last decades many methods have been developed for the evaluation of the quality and impact of both the scientific research papers and scientists.Effectively identifying,discovering,and evaluating high-impact papers using scientometric methods,and adopting reasonable evaluation procedures and methods are vital to stimulating scientists’creative vitality.Examples of methods used for evaluating impact are:h-index and the cited frequency of articles and the number of highly cited papers.Here we propose a new method to assess the scientist impact based on citation iteration.The method was inspired in the Page Rank algorithm.In the present study,both the number of citations and the citing publications after each citation were considered.According to the obtained results,the proposal allows a more accurate measurement of the impact of scientific papers.Also,the application of this method,it can greatly improve the judgment efficiency of high-impact scientists.We have also conducted an empirical study at three levels in the discipline of mathematics,namely the comparisons of two publications,two scientists and eight scientists.Results show that indexes proposed in this dissertation designed for the publications’impacts evaluation and scientists’impact evaluation can be used to find the cause behind the number of cited frequencies resulting in the impact difference.The Q-index for publications’impacts evaluation and F-index for scientists’impacts evaluation proposed in this article can be used more accurately to check and evaluate the impact of scientists.Additionally,these new indexes can be used in the research management of departments at all levels,and can be useful by the states to find leading scientists in several fields.展开更多
Land cover is the most evident landscape signal to characterize the influence of human activities on terrestrial ecosystems. Since the industrial revolution, the expansion of construction land has profoundly changed t...Land cover is the most evident landscape signal to characterize the influence of human activities on terrestrial ecosystems. Since the industrial revolution, the expansion of construction land has profoundly changed the status of land use coverage and changes. This study is proposed to reconstruct the spatial pattern of construction land （urban construction land and rural settlement land） for five historical periods over the past 200 years in Jiangsu Province with 200 m × 200 m grids on the basis of quantitative estimation. Urban construction land is estimated based on data about city walls, four gates along walls, and other socio-economic factors. Rural settlement land is calculated based on the rural population and per capita housing allowance. The spatial pattern of historical construction land is simulated based on the distribution of modern construction land in 1985 with a quantitative-boundary- suitability control method and thorough consideration over connectivity of different land use types. The study concludes that： （1） the amount of construction land in Jiangsu Province is estimated at 963.46 km^2 in 1820, 1043.46 km^2 in 1911, 1672.40 km^2 in 1936, 1980.34 km^2 in 1952 and 10,687.20 km^2 in 1985; and （2） the spatial distribution of construction land features the great proclivity to water bodies and main roads and the strong polarization of existent residence. The results are verified directly and indirectly by applying the trend verification of construction land changes and patterns, the correlation analysis between rural settlement land and local arable land, and quantitative accuracy test of the reconstructed construction land to actual historical survey maps covering four sample regions in 1936.展开更多
Nowadays,quality improvement and increased accessibility to patient data,at a reasonable cost,are highly challenging tasks in healthcare sector.Internet of Things(IoT)and Cloud Computing(CC)architectures are utilized ...Nowadays,quality improvement and increased accessibility to patient data,at a reasonable cost,are highly challenging tasks in healthcare sector.Internet of Things(IoT)and Cloud Computing(CC)architectures are utilized in the development of smart healthcare systems.These entities can support real-time applications by exploiting massive volumes of data,produced by wearable sensor devices.The advent of evolutionary computation algorithms andDeep Learning(DL)models has gained significant attention in healthcare diagnosis,especially in decision making process.Skin cancer is the deadliest disease which affects people across the globe.Automatic skin lesion classification model has a highly important application due to its fine-grained variability in the presence of skin lesions.The current research article presents a new skin lesion diagnosis model i.e.,Deep Learning with Evolutionary Algorithm based Image Segmentation(DL-EAIS)for IoT and cloud-based smart healthcare environments.Primarily,the dermoscopic images are captured using IoT devices,which are then transmitted to cloud servers for further diagnosis.Besides,Backtracking Search optimization Algorithm(BSA)with Entropy-Based Thresholding(EBT)i.e.,BSA-EBT technique is applied in image segmentation.Followed by,Shallow Convolutional Neural Network(SCNN)model is utilized as a feature extractor.In addition,Deep-Kernel Extreme LearningMachine(D-KELM)model is employed as a classification model to determine the class labels of dermoscopic images.An extensive set of simulations was conducted to validate the performance of the presented method using benchmark dataset.The experimental outcome infers that the proposed model demonstrated optimal performance over the compared techniques under diverse measures.展开更多
We analyze the excess area and depth to detachment method developed by Epard and Groshong （1993）, and apply it to the sand box model of Ge et al （2004） to illustrate that inadequate consideration will affect the c...We analyze the excess area and depth to detachment method developed by Epard and Groshong （1993）, and apply it to the sand box model of Ge et al （2004） to illustrate that inadequate consideration will affect the calculation of true depth to detachment. Using the data of Yu et al （2006） to fit linear regression lines, we obtain the depths to detachment of Kela-2, Misikantage anticline and Dongqiu-8 structures, 115.74km, 14.17km, and 75.48km below the reference level （Cretaceous bottom） respectively with the excess area intercept equal to zero. However, the calculation results of depth to detachment in Yu et al （2006） are based on excess area intercept unequal to zero.展开更多
Reflection imaging results generally reveal large-scale continuous geological information,and it is difficult to identify small-scale geological bodies such as breakpoints,pinch points,small fault blocks,caves,and fra...Reflection imaging results generally reveal large-scale continuous geological information,and it is difficult to identify small-scale geological bodies such as breakpoints,pinch points,small fault blocks,caves,and fractures,etc.Diffraction imaging is an important method to identify small-scale geological bodies and it has higher resolution than reflection imaging.In the common-offset domain,reflections are mostly expressed as smooth linear events,whereas diffractions are characterized by hyperbolic events.This paper proposes a diffraction extraction method based on double sparse transforms.The linear events can be sparsely expressed by the high-resolution linear Radon transform,and the curved events can be sparsely expressed by the Curvelet transform.A sparse inversion model is built and the alternating direction method is used to solve the inversion model.Simulation data and field data experimental results proved that the diffractions extraction method based on double sparse transforms can effectively improve the imaging quality of faults and other small-scale geological bodies.展开更多
A new product conceptual design approach is put forward based on Hopfield neural networks models. By research on the mechanisms of Hopfield neural networks, the associative simulation approaches are proposed. The appr...A new product conceptual design approach is put forward based on Hopfield neural networks models. By research on the mechanisms of Hopfield neural networks, the associative simulation approaches are proposed. The approach is given by Hebb learn- ing law, Hopfield neural networks and crossover and mutation. The calculating models and the calculating formulas for the concep- tual design are put forward. Finally, an example for the conceptual design of a solar energy lamp is given. The better results are ob- tained in the conceptual design.展开更多
Under conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the non-uniformity of pressure loads has intensified the stress concentration which impacts the safety of curved pipes and elbows. This paper focuses on the pres...Under conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the non-uniformity of pressure loads has intensified the stress concentration which impacts the safety of curved pipes and elbows. This paper focuses on the pressure distribution and flow characteristic in a curved 90° bend pipe with circular cross-sections, which are widely used in industrial applications. These flow and pressure characteristics in curved bend pipes have been researched by employing numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. Based on the dimensionless analysis method a formula for the pressure of Newtonian fluid flow through the elbow pipes is deduced. Also the pressure distributions of several elbows with different curvature ratio R/D are obtained by numerical methods. The influence of these non-dimensional parameters such as non-dimensional curvature ratio, Reynolds number and non-dimensional axial angle a and circumferential angle fl on the pressure distribution in elbow pipes is discussed in detail. A number of important results have been achieved. This paper provides theoretical and numerical methods to understand the mechanical property of fluid flow in elbow pipes, to analyze the stress and to design the wall thickness of elbow pipes.展开更多
In December 2019,an outbreak of pneumonia,which was named COVID-2019,emerged as a global health crisis.Scientists worldwide are engaged in attempts to elucidate the transmission and pathogenic mechanisms of the causat...In December 2019,an outbreak of pneumonia,which was named COVID-2019,emerged as a global health crisis.Scientists worldwide are engaged in attempts to elucidate the transmission and pathogenic mechanisms of the causative coronavirus.COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020,making it critical to track and review the state of research on COVID-19 to provide guidance for further investigations.Here,bibliometric and knowledge mapping analyses of studies on COVID-19 were performed,including more than 1,500 papers on COVID-19 available in the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from January 1,2020 to March 8,2020.In this review,we found that because of the rapid response of researchers worldwide,the number of COVID-19-related publications showed a high growth trend in the first 10 days of February;among these,the largest number of studies originated in China,the country most affected by pandemic in its early stages.Our findings revealed that the epidemic situation and data accessibility of different research teams have caused obvious difference in emphases of the publications.Besides,there was an unprecedented level of close cooperation and information sharing within the global scientific community relative to previous coronavirus research.We combed and drew the knowledge map of the SARS-CoV-2 literature,explored early status of research on etiology,pathology,epidemiology,treatment,prevention,and control,and discussed knowledge gaps that remain to be urgently addressed.Future perspectives on treatment,prevention,and control are also presented to provide fundamental references for current and future coronavirus research.展开更多
The European Commission report“Turning FAIR into reality”provides an index of 27 FAIR Action Plan recommendations.This index is used for a self-assessment on CESSDA,the Consortium of European Social Science Data Arc...The European Commission report“Turning FAIR into reality”provides an index of 27 FAIR Action Plan recommendations.This index is used for a self-assessment on CESSDA,the Consortium of European Social Science Data Archives.CESSDA is performing well on“Concepts for FAIR implementation”,“Skills for FAIR”,and“Investment in FAIR”;there is work in progress on“FAIR culture”,and work to start up on“FAIR ecosystem”and especially on“Incentives and metrics for FAIR data and services”.Next,an analysis on the FAIR components,reveals that CESSDA has accomplished the“F”,is working on the“A”-considering the sensitivity and security requirements of social data,just started on“I”,and that there is lack of clarity on what should be in“R”.On Findability,the CESSDA Data Catalogue is explained,showing the building blocks that need to be in place before one can produce a catalogue.The article ends with a forward look on CESSDA’s deployment on the FAIR principles.展开更多
基金financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (2194086)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21922814, 21676273, 21961160745, 31961133019 and 21921005)
文摘Solid phase extraction is widely used in sample pretreatment,concentration and analysis processes due to high selectivity and suitability for low concentration sample system.In this review,we systematically summarized and discussed the development trends of solid phase extraction by bibliometrics method.By analyzing papers output scale,the research and development direction of solid phase extraction technology is prospected.We also give an overview on current strategies of novel solid phase extraction from the separation medium and separation technology.The paper aims to describe the global research profile and the development trends of solid phase extraction,to help researchers to accurately grasp the research trend and to provide support for scientific research institutions to formulate scientific policies and strategic plans.Furthermore,the prospect of the development and application of solid phase extraction is also discussed.
基金fundings from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872173,51772176)TaishanScholars Program of Shandong Province(Nos.tsqn201812068,tspd20161006)+6 种基金Higher School Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Province(No.2019KJA013)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2018GGX102028)Science and Technology Special Project of Qingdao City(No.20-3-4-3-nsh)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing(No.SKLOP202002006)Cooperative Education Project of the Ministry of Education(No.201902195026)Humanities and Social Sciences Program(GoMoruo Studies)of the Education Department of Sichuan Province(No.GY2020C01)Shandong Archives Science and Technology Project(No.2020-33)。
文摘TiO_(2)photocatalysts have been widely studied and applied for removing bacteria,but its antibacterial efficiency is limited to the ultraviolet(UV)range of the solar spectrum.In this work,we use the gold(Au)nanorods to enhance the visible and near-infrared(NIR)light absorption of TiO_(2)NBs,a typical UV light photocatalyst,thus the enhancement of its full solar spectrum(UV,visible and NIR)photocatalytic antibacterial properties is achieved.Preliminary surface plasmon resonance(SPR)enhancement photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism is suggested.On one hand,transverse and longitudinal SPR of Au NRs is beneficial for visible and NIR light utilization.On the other hand,Au NRs combined with TiO_(2)NBs to form the heterostructure,which can improve the photogenerated carrier separation and direct electron transfer increases the hot electron concentration while Au NRs as the electron channel can well restrain charge recombination.finally produces the high yield of radical oxygen species and exhibits a superior antibacterial efficiency.Furthermore,we design a sterilization file cabinet with Au NR/TiO_(2)NB heterostructures as the photocatalytic coating plates.Our study reveals that Au NR/TiO_(2)NB heterostructure is a potential candidate for sterilization of bacteria and archives protection.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on glycemic control (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: A crosssectional study of consecutive in-patients admitted to hospital in any department during the fi rst semester of the year 2010 who had a recent HbA1c measurement. The study excluded those with a diagnosis of hyperglycemic decompensation, diabetic onset or pregnancy. It compared HbA1c levels of those taking PPIs and those not. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients were recruited. The average HbA1C level was 7.0% ± 1.2%. Overall PPI consumption was 55.7%. HbA1c was signif icantly lower in individuals who took PPIs: -0.6%, 95% CI: -0.12 to-0.83. People who used PPIs with some type of insulin therapy had a HbA1c reduction by -0.8%, 95% CI: -0.12 to -1.48. For the rest of subgroup analysis based on the antidiabetic drug used, PPI consumption always exhibited lower HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION: PPIs seems to be consistently associated with better glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. HbA1c reduction observed is similar to incretin-based therapies.
基金financially supported by the Doctoral Research Fund of Neijiang Normal University(14B07)
文摘This study explored the effects of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) and ethoxyquin(EQ) and ethyl ether extracts, ethyl acetate extracts(EAE), acetone extracts, ethanol extracts and aqueous extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves(EGbs) on lipid oxidation in a linoleic acid emulsion, fish flesh and fish feed and in hydroxyl radical(·OH)-treated carp erythrocytes. The linoleic acid, fish flesh and fish feed were incubated with BHT,EQ and EGbs at 45℃ for 8 d, respectively, except for the control group. The lipid oxidation in the linoleic acid emulsion, fish flesh and fish feed was then measured by the ferric thiocyanate method or thiobarbituric acid method. The carp erythrocytes were treated with BHT, EQ. or EGbs in the presence of40 μmol/L FeSO_4 and 20 μmol/L H_2 O_2 at 37℃ for 6 h,except for the control group. Oxidative stress and apoptosis parameters in carp erythrocytes were then evaluated by the commercial kit. The results showed that BHT, EQ and EGbs inhibited lipid oxidation in the linoleic acid emulsion, fish flesh and fish feed and·OH-induced phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation(the biomarkers of apoptosis) in carp erythrocytes. Furthermore, BHT, EQ and EGbs decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),inhibited the oxidation of cellular components and restored the activities of enzymatic antioxidants in·OH-treated carp erythrocytes. Of all examined EGbs, EAE showed the strongest effects. The effects of EAE on lipid oxidation in the linoleic acid emulsion and on superoxide anion and malonaldehyde levels,catalase activity and apoptosis in. OH-treated carp erythrocytes were equivalent to or stronger than those of BHT. Moreover, these results indicated that the inhibition order of EGbs on the generation of ROS and oxidation of cellular components in fish erythrocytes approximately agreed with that for the food and feed materials tested above. And, the antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of EGbs were positively correlated with their flavonoid content. Taken together, these results r
基金financially supported by the Doctoral Research Fund of Neijiang Normal University(14B07)Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department (16ZB0302)
文摘Erythrocytes play an essential role in transporting O_2 and CO_2 for respiration in fish. However,erythrocytes continuously suffer from reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Thus, it is essential to expand our knowledge of how to protect erythrocytes against ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in fish. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity and the effects of butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA), ethyl ether extracts, ethyl acetate extracts, acetone extracts(AE), ethanol extracts, and aqueous extracts of Astragalus membranaceus(EAm) on hydroxyl radical(·OH)-induced apoptosis in carp erythrocytes. The rat hepatocytes and carp erythrocytes were incubated with different concentrations of BHA or EAm(0.125 to 1 mg/mL). The toxicity in rat hepatocytes and carp erythrocytes was then measured using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay and a haemolysis assay,respectively. The carp erythrocytes were treated with BHA or EAm in the presence of 40 μmol/L FeSO4 and20 μmol/L H_2 O_2 at 37℃, except for the control group. Oxidative stress and apoptosis parameters in the carp erythrocytes were then evaluated using the commercial kit. The results indicated that at high concentrations, BHA and EAm could induce toxicity in rat hepatocytes and fish erythrocytes. However, BHA was more toxic than EAm at the same concentrations. Moreover, the toxicity order of BHA and EAm in the fish erythrocytes approximately agreed with that for the rat hepatocytes. Butylated hydroxyanisole and EAm suppressed the ·OH-induced phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation(the biomarkers of apoptosis) by decreasing the generation of ROS, inhibiting the oxidation of cellular components, and restoring the activities of antioxidants in carp erythrocytes. Of all of the examined EAm, the AE showed the strongest effects. The effects of AE on superoxide anion, H_2 O_2, met-haemoglobin and reduced glutathione levels, as well as glutathione reductase activity and apoptosis were eq
基金supported by Shandong Social Science Planning and Research Project in 2021(No.21CPYJ40).
文摘The purpose of introducing blockchain into electronic archives sharing and utilization is to break the information barrier between electronic archives sharing departments by relying on technologies such as smart contract and asymmetric encryption.Aiming at the problem of dynamic permission management in common access control methods,a new access control method based on smart contract under blockchain is proposed,which improves the intelligence level under blockchain technology.Firstly,the Internet attribute access control model based on smart contract is established.For the dynamic access of heterogeneous devices,the management contract,permission judgment contract and access control contract are designed;Secondly,the access object credit evaluation algorithm based on particle swarm optimization radial basis function(PSO-RBF)neural network is used to dynamically generate the access node credit threshold combined with the access policy,so as to realize the intelligent access right management method.Finally,combined with the abovemodels and algorithms,the workflow of electronic archives sharing and utilization model of multi blockchain is constructed.The experimental results show that the timeconsuming of the process increases linearly with the number of continuous access to electronic archives blocks,and the secure access control of sharing and utilization is feasible,secure and effective.
基金funded by the strategic research project of the Development Planning Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.GHJ-ZLZX-2019-42the Youth Fund Project of Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant name “Research on Key Methods in Comparison of Scientific Funding Layout”。
文摘Purpose: The goal of this study is to explore whether deep learning based embed ded models can provide a better visualization solution for large citation networks. De sign/methodology/approach: Our team compared the visualization approach borrowed from the deep learning community with the well-known bibliometric network visualization for large scale data. 47,294 highly cited papers were visualized by using three network embedding models plus the t-SNE dimensionality reduction technique. Besides, three base maps were created with the same dataset for evaluation purposes. All base maps used the classic Open Ord method with different edge cutting strategies and parameters. Findings: The network embedded maps with t-SNE preserve a very similar global structure to the full edges classic force-directed map, while the maps vary in local structure. Among them, the Node2Vec model has the best overall visualization performance, the local structure has been significantly improved and the maps' layout has very high stability.Research limitations: The computational and time costs of training are very high for network em bedded models to obtain high dimensional latent vector. Only one dimensionality reduction technique was tested. Practical implications: This paper demonstrates that the network embedding models are able to accurately reconstruct the large bibliometric network in the vector space. In the future, apart from network visualization, many classical vector-based machine learning algorithms can be applied to network representations for solving bibliomet ric analysis tasks. Originality/value: This paper provides the first systematic comparison of classical science mapping visualization with network embedding based visualization on a large scale dataset. We showed deep learning based network embedding model with t-SNE can provide a richer,more stable science map. We also designed a practical evaluation method to investigate and compare maps.
文摘Purpose:We present an analytical,open source and flexible natural language processing and text mining method for topic evolution,emerging topic detection and research trend forecasting for all kinds of data-tagged text.Design/methodology/approach:We make full use of the functions provided by the open source VOSviewer and Microsoft Office,including a thesaurus for data clean-up and a LOOKUP function for comparative analysis.Findings:Through application and verification in the domain of perovskite solar cells research,this method proves to be effective.Research limitations:A certain amount of manual data processing and a specific research domain background are required for better,more illustrative analysis results.Adequate time for analysis is also necessary.Practical implications:We try to set up an easy,useful,and flexible interdisciplinary text analyzing procedure for researchers,especially those without solid computer programming skills or who cannot easily access complex software.This procedure can also serve as a wonderful example for teaching information literacy.Originality/value:This text analysis approach has not been reported before.
文摘Desertification poses significant threats to the ecological security and sustainable economic and social development of countries worldwide. In China, existing desertified land primarily lies between 35°–50°N, covering arid and semi-arid regions and a total area of 1.688×106 km^(2), which represents 17.58%of the total territorial area of the country (Fig. 1).
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41501592,42061044,42061074].The authors would like to thank Professor Xingwu Duan of Yunnan University for suggestions for experimental design and Jiancheng Deng of Yunnan University and the villagers of Amengkong for their assistance in fieldwork.
文摘Marginalization and abandonment of paddy terraces are widespread,but their effects on the sustainability of subsequent agricultural production are still unknown.Hani Paddy Terraces,included in Globally Important Agriculture Heritage Systems,are threatened by paddy fields drainage.Here,changes in terrace structure,the productivity of topsoil(0-20 cm),and soil water holding capacity at 0-70 cm depth were determined in a case study of Hani Paddy Terraces in Amengkong River Basin in Yuanyang County in Southwestern China,which had been converted into dryland terraces for 2-14 years.Our results showed that:(1)The degree of terrace structures degradation exhibited a U-shaped curve with increasing time since draining,with those drained for 5-9 years having the best structure;(2)Soil productivity index decreased first and then increased with time after conversion;(3)Maximum water holding capacity at 0-70 cm soil depth dramatically decreased after conversion and such trend became increasingly obvious with increasing time since conversion.Our study revealed that drainage of paddy terraces along with associated changes in crop and field management led to an increase in soil productivity,but degradation of terrace structures and a decrease in water holding capacity will inhibit restoration to paddy terraces.These findings enhance the understanding of the biophysical changes due to marginalization in paddy terraces.
基金funded by the National Social Science Foundation of China-Community Research on Hybrid Networks for Scientific Structure Analysis(Grant No.19XTQ012)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB1402400)
文摘In the last decades many methods have been developed for the evaluation of the quality and impact of both the scientific research papers and scientists.Effectively identifying,discovering,and evaluating high-impact papers using scientometric methods,and adopting reasonable evaluation procedures and methods are vital to stimulating scientists’creative vitality.Examples of methods used for evaluating impact are:h-index and the cited frequency of articles and the number of highly cited papers.Here we propose a new method to assess the scientist impact based on citation iteration.The method was inspired in the Page Rank algorithm.In the present study,both the number of citations and the citing publications after each citation were considered.According to the obtained results,the proposal allows a more accurate measurement of the impact of scientific papers.Also,the application of this method,it can greatly improve the judgment efficiency of high-impact scientists.We have also conducted an empirical study at three levels in the discipline of mathematics,namely the comparisons of two publications,two scientists and eight scientists.Results show that indexes proposed in this dissertation designed for the publications’impacts evaluation and scientists’impact evaluation can be used to find the cause behind the number of cited frequencies resulting in the impact difference.The Q-index for publications’impacts evaluation and F-index for scientists’impacts evaluation proposed in this article can be used more accurately to check and evaluate the impact of scientists.Additionally,these new indexes can be used in the research management of departments at all levels,and can be useful by the states to find leading scientists in several fields.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41340016, No.41671082
文摘Land cover is the most evident landscape signal to characterize the influence of human activities on terrestrial ecosystems. Since the industrial revolution, the expansion of construction land has profoundly changed the status of land use coverage and changes. This study is proposed to reconstruct the spatial pattern of construction land （urban construction land and rural settlement land） for five historical periods over the past 200 years in Jiangsu Province with 200 m × 200 m grids on the basis of quantitative estimation. Urban construction land is estimated based on data about city walls, four gates along walls, and other socio-economic factors. Rural settlement land is calculated based on the rural population and per capita housing allowance. The spatial pattern of historical construction land is simulated based on the distribution of modern construction land in 1985 with a quantitative-boundary- suitability control method and thorough consideration over connectivity of different land use types. The study concludes that： （1） the amount of construction land in Jiangsu Province is estimated at 963.46 km^2 in 1820, 1043.46 km^2 in 1911, 1672.40 km^2 in 1936, 1980.34 km^2 in 1952 and 10,687.20 km^2 in 1985; and （2） the spatial distribution of construction land features the great proclivity to water bodies and main roads and the strong polarization of existent residence. The results are verified directly and indirectly by applying the trend verification of construction land changes and patterns, the correlation analysis between rural settlement land and local arable land, and quantitative accuracy test of the reconstructed construction land to actual historical survey maps covering four sample regions in 1936.
文摘Nowadays,quality improvement and increased accessibility to patient data,at a reasonable cost,are highly challenging tasks in healthcare sector.Internet of Things(IoT)and Cloud Computing(CC)architectures are utilized in the development of smart healthcare systems.These entities can support real-time applications by exploiting massive volumes of data,produced by wearable sensor devices.The advent of evolutionary computation algorithms andDeep Learning(DL)models has gained significant attention in healthcare diagnosis,especially in decision making process.Skin cancer is the deadliest disease which affects people across the globe.Automatic skin lesion classification model has a highly important application due to its fine-grained variability in the presence of skin lesions.The current research article presents a new skin lesion diagnosis model i.e.,Deep Learning with Evolutionary Algorithm based Image Segmentation(DL-EAIS)for IoT and cloud-based smart healthcare environments.Primarily,the dermoscopic images are captured using IoT devices,which are then transmitted to cloud servers for further diagnosis.Besides,Backtracking Search optimization Algorithm(BSA)with Entropy-Based Thresholding(EBT)i.e.,BSA-EBT technique is applied in image segmentation.Followed by,Shallow Convolutional Neural Network(SCNN)model is utilized as a feature extractor.In addition,Deep-Kernel Extreme LearningMachine(D-KELM)model is employed as a classification model to determine the class labels of dermoscopic images.An extensive set of simulations was conducted to validate the performance of the presented method using benchmark dataset.The experimental outcome infers that the proposed model demonstrated optimal performance over the compared techniques under diverse measures.
文摘We analyze the excess area and depth to detachment method developed by Epard and Groshong （1993）, and apply it to the sand box model of Ge et al （2004） to illustrate that inadequate consideration will affect the calculation of true depth to detachment. Using the data of Yu et al （2006） to fit linear regression lines, we obtain the depths to detachment of Kela-2, Misikantage anticline and Dongqiu-8 structures, 115.74km, 14.17km, and 75.48km below the reference level （Cretaceous bottom） respectively with the excess area intercept equal to zero. However, the calculation results of depth to detachment in Yu et al （2006） are based on excess area intercept unequal to zero.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41974166)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(D2019403082,D2021403010)+1 种基金Hebei Province“three-threethree talent project”(A202005009)Funding for the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Hebei GEO University(KJCXTD202106)
文摘Reflection imaging results generally reveal large-scale continuous geological information,and it is difficult to identify small-scale geological bodies such as breakpoints,pinch points,small fault blocks,caves,and fractures,etc.Diffraction imaging is an important method to identify small-scale geological bodies and it has higher resolution than reflection imaging.In the common-offset domain,reflections are mostly expressed as smooth linear events,whereas diffractions are characterized by hyperbolic events.This paper proposes a diffraction extraction method based on double sparse transforms.The linear events can be sparsely expressed by the high-resolution linear Radon transform,and the curved events can be sparsely expressed by the Curvelet transform.A sparse inversion model is built and the alternating direction method is used to solve the inversion model.Simulation data and field data experimental results proved that the diffractions extraction method based on double sparse transforms can effectively improve the imaging quality of faults and other small-scale geological bodies.
基金Partially Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50975033,No.60875046)Education Office of Liaoning Province(No.LR2013060)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2013020123)
文摘A new product conceptual design approach is put forward based on Hopfield neural networks models. By research on the mechanisms of Hopfield neural networks, the associative simulation approaches are proposed. The approach is given by Hebb learn- ing law, Hopfield neural networks and crossover and mutation. The calculating models and the calculating formulas for the concep- tual design are put forward. Finally, an example for the conceptual design of a solar energy lamp is given. The better results are ob- tained in the conceptual design.
基金supported by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No.211096)support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 11272188, 51276102)Science and technology project of Shandong Province (No.2008GG2TC01011-14)
文摘Under conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the non-uniformity of pressure loads has intensified the stress concentration which impacts the safety of curved pipes and elbows. This paper focuses on the pressure distribution and flow characteristic in a curved 90° bend pipe with circular cross-sections, which are widely used in industrial applications. These flow and pressure characteristics in curved bend pipes have been researched by employing numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. Based on the dimensionless analysis method a formula for the pressure of Newtonian fluid flow through the elbow pipes is deduced. Also the pressure distributions of several elbows with different curvature ratio R/D are obtained by numerical methods. The influence of these non-dimensional parameters such as non-dimensional curvature ratio, Reynolds number and non-dimensional axial angle a and circumferential angle fl on the pressure distribution in elbow pipes is discussed in detail. A number of important results have been achieved. This paper provides theoretical and numerical methods to understand the mechanical property of fluid flow in elbow pipes, to analyze the stress and to design the wall thickness of elbow pipes.
文摘In December 2019,an outbreak of pneumonia,which was named COVID-2019,emerged as a global health crisis.Scientists worldwide are engaged in attempts to elucidate the transmission and pathogenic mechanisms of the causative coronavirus.COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020,making it critical to track and review the state of research on COVID-19 to provide guidance for further investigations.Here,bibliometric and knowledge mapping analyses of studies on COVID-19 were performed,including more than 1,500 papers on COVID-19 available in the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from January 1,2020 to March 8,2020.In this review,we found that because of the rapid response of researchers worldwide,the number of COVID-19-related publications showed a high growth trend in the first 10 days of February;among these,the largest number of studies originated in China,the country most affected by pandemic in its early stages.Our findings revealed that the epidemic situation and data accessibility of different research teams have caused obvious difference in emphases of the publications.Besides,there was an unprecedented level of close cooperation and information sharing within the global scientific community relative to previous coronavirus research.We combed and drew the knowledge map of the SARS-CoV-2 literature,explored early status of research on etiology,pathology,epidemiology,treatment,prevention,and control,and discussed knowledge gaps that remain to be urgently addressed.Future perspectives on treatment,prevention,and control are also presented to provide fundamental references for current and future coronavirus research.
文摘The European Commission report“Turning FAIR into reality”provides an index of 27 FAIR Action Plan recommendations.This index is used for a self-assessment on CESSDA,the Consortium of European Social Science Data Archives.CESSDA is performing well on“Concepts for FAIR implementation”,“Skills for FAIR”,and“Investment in FAIR”;there is work in progress on“FAIR culture”,and work to start up on“FAIR ecosystem”and especially on“Incentives and metrics for FAIR data and services”.Next,an analysis on the FAIR components,reveals that CESSDA has accomplished the“F”,is working on the“A”-considering the sensitivity and security requirements of social data,just started on“I”,and that there is lack of clarity on what should be in“R”.On Findability,the CESSDA Data Catalogue is explained,showing the building blocks that need to be in place before one can produce a catalogue.The article ends with a forward look on CESSDA’s deployment on the FAIR principles.
