The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex composed of the innate immune receptor protein NLRP3,adapter protein ASC,and inflammatory protease caspase-1 that responds to microbial infection,endogenous d...The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex composed of the innate immune receptor protein NLRP3,adapter protein ASC,and inflammatory protease caspase-1 that responds to microbial infection,endogenous danger signals,and environmental stimuli.The assembled NLRP3 inflammasome can activate the protease caspase‐1 to induce gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis and facilitate the release of IL-1β and IL-18,which contribute to innate immune defense and homeostatic maintenance.However,aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases,such as diabetes,cancer,and Alzheimer’s disease.Recent studies have revealed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to not only pyroptosis but also other types of cell death,including apoptosis,necroptosis,and ferroptosis.In addition,various effectors of cell death have been reported to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation,suggesting that cell death is closely related to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.In this review,we summarize the inextricable link between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death and discuss potential therapeutics that target cell death effectors in NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases.展开更多
In December 2019,a novel coronavirus was first reported in Wuhan,China.1 It was named by the World Health Organization as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and is responsible for coronavirus d...In December 2019,a novel coronavirus was first reported in Wuhan,China.1 It was named by the World Health Organization as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Up to 28 February 2020,79,394 cases have been confirmed according to China’s National Health Commission.Outside China,the virus has spread rapidly to over 36 countries and territories.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE)and to assess corresponding health-related quality of life(HRQoL)in hospitalized cirrhotic patients in China.METHODS:This multi-center cross-sect...AIM:To investigate the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE)and to assess corresponding health-related quality of life(HRQoL)in hospitalized cirrhotic patients in China.METHODS:This multi-center cross-sectional study included 16 teaching hospitals,which were members of "Hepatobiliary Cooperation Group,Society of Gastroenterology,Chinese Medical Association",from different areas of China carried out between June and October in 2011.All the eligible hospitalized cirrhotic patients(n = 538)were required to complete triplicate number connection tests combined with one digit symbol test for diagnosing MHE.Patients' clinical examination data were complemented by a modified questionnaire assessing HRQoL.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.RESULTS:Male was predominant(68.6%)in 519 patients who met the criteria of the study,with a mean age of 49.17 ± 11.02 years.The most common cause of liver cirrhosis was chronic hepatitis B(55.9%).The prevalence of MHE was 39.9% and varied by ChildPugh-Classification score(CPC-A:24.8%,CPC-B:39.4% and CPC-C:56.1%,P < 0.01).MHE(P < 0.01)and higher CPC scores(P < 0.01)were associated with a high HRQoL scores(reflecting poorer quality of life).The prevalence of MHE was proportionate to CPC(P = 0.01)and high quality of life scores(P = 0.01).CONCLUSION:Hospitalized cirrhotic patients have a high prevalence of MHE that is proportionate to the degree of liver function and HRQoL impairment.展开更多
Background： With the progress ofperinatal medicine and neonatal technology, more and more extremely low birth weight （ELBW） survived all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the short-term ontcome...Background： With the progress ofperinatal medicine and neonatal technology, more and more extremely low birth weight （ELBW） survived all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the short-term ontcomes of ELBW infants during their Neonatal Intensive Care Unit （NICU） stay in the mainland of China. Methods： All infants admitted to 26 NICUs with a birth weight （BW） 〈1000 g were included between January 1,2011 and December 31,2011. All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a prospectively designed questionnaire. The data collected from each NICU transmitted to the main institution where the results were aggregated and analyzed. Categorical variables were performed with Pearson Chi-square test. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to detect risk factors. Results： A total of 258 ELBW infants were admitted to 26 NICUs, of whom the mean gestational age （GA） was 28.1 ± 2.2 weeks, and the mean BW was 868 ± 97 g. The overall survival rate at discharge was 50.0%. Despite aggressive treatment 60 infants （23.3%） died and another 69 infants （26.7%） died after medical care withdrawal. Furthermore, the survival rate was significantly higher in coastal areas than inland areas （53.6% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.019）. BW 〈750 g and GA 〈28 weeks were the largest risk factors, and being small for gestational age was a protective factor related to mortality. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common complication. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity was 26.2%, 33.7%, 6.7%, 48.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. Ventilator associated pneumonia was the most common hospital acquired infection during hospitalization. Conclusions： Our study was the first survey that revealed the present status of ELBW infants in the mainland of China. The mortality and morbidity of ELBW infants remained high as compared to other developed countries.展开更多
Microplastics are considered as the carrier to heavy metals in the environment.But the sorption ability of microplastics influenced by photo-aging is remaining unclear.In the present study,the sorption of two kinds of...Microplastics are considered as the carrier to heavy metals in the environment.But the sorption ability of microplastics influenced by photo-aging is remaining unclear.In the present study,the sorption of two kinds of metal ions(Cu^2+ and Zn^2+)in the aqueous solution by both the virgin and aged microplastics was investigated.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)debris,one of the typical kinds of microplastics was chosen in this study.Photo-aging of microplastics in environment was simulated using UV radiation in the laboratory.Date analysis indicated that the aged microplastics had higher adsorption capacity of heavy metals than original ones.This could be related to the increased surface area and oxygen containing function appeared in the surface of aged microplastics after UV radiation.When prolonging the time of radiation,the enhanced adsorption capacities of microplastics appeared for Cu^2+ and Zn^2+.These results showed a great interaction between the aging degree of plastics and sorption capacity to heavy metals.Meanwhile,external conditions including temperature and pH value were also showed great influence to the adsorption behavior.展开更多
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and has a high incidence in Southeast Asia and North Africa.To develop these comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis and m...Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and has a high incidence in Southeast Asia and North Africa.To develop these comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis and management of NPC,the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged a multi-disciplinary team comprising of experts from all sub-specialties of NPC to write,discuss,and revise the guidelines.Based on the findings of evidencebased medicine in China and abroad,domestic experts have iteratively developed these guidelines to provide proper management of NPC.Overall,the guidelines describe the screening,clinical and pathological diagnosis,staging and risk assessment,therapies,and follow-up of NPC,which aim to improve the management of NPC.展开更多
In plants, photoperiod is an important cue for determining flowering. The floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana is earlier under long-day （LD） than under short-day （SD） conditions. Flowering of Arabidopsis pla...In plants, photoperiod is an important cue for determining flowering. The floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana is earlier under long-day （LD） than under short-day （SD） conditions. Flowering of Arabidopsis plants under SD conditions is mainly regulated by the plant hormone gibberellin （GA）. Here, we report two WRKY transcription factors function oppositely in controlling flowering time under SD conditions. Phenotypic analysis showed that disruption of WRKY12 caused a delay in flowering, while loss of WRKY13 function promoted flowering. WRKY12 and WRKY13 displayed negatively correlated expression profiles and function successively to regulate flowering. Molecular and genetic analyses demonstrated that FRUITFULL （FUL） is a direct downstream target gene of WRKY12 and WRKY13. Interestingly, we found that DELLA proteins GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE （GAI） and RGA-LIKE1 （RGL1） interacted with WRKY12 and WRKY13, and their interactions interfered with the transcriptional activity of the WRKY12 and WRKY13. Further studies suggested thatWRKY12 and WRKY13 partly mediated the effect of GA3 on controlling flowering time. Taken together, our results indicate that WRKY12 and WRKY13 oppositely modulate flower- ing time under SD conditions, which at least partially involves the action of GA.展开更多
Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases...Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China.展开更多
Introduction Human serum albumin(HSA)is a non-glycosylated,negatively charged,single-chain polypeptide composed of 585 amino acid residues with a relative molecular mass of 66.438 kD.It is synthesized by the liver at ...Introduction Human serum albumin(HSA)is a non-glycosylated,negatively charged,single-chain polypeptide composed of 585 amino acid residues with a relative molecular mass of 66.438 kD.It is synthesized by the liver at a rate of approximately 200 mg·kg^(-1)·day^(-1),with a half-life of 21 days,and subjected to catabolism in the muscles,liver,and kidneys at a rate of 4%per day.[1]Albumin,accounting for 60%of the total plasma protein,has various physiological functions,[2]such as maintaining 70%to 80%of effective plasma colloid osmotic pressure,coordinating vascular endothelial integrity,anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities,maintaining the acidbase balance,and participating in the transport,distribution,and metabolism of a variety of endogenous and exogenous substances.展开更多
Single-photon detectors(SPDs)are the most sensitive instruments for light detection.In the near-infrared range,SPDs based on III–V compound semiconductor avalanche photodiodes have been extensively used during the pa...Single-photon detectors(SPDs)are the most sensitive instruments for light detection.In the near-infrared range,SPDs based on III–V compound semiconductor avalanche photodiodes have been extensively used during the past two decades for diverse applications due to their advantages in practicality including small size,low cost and easy operation.In the past decade,the rapid developments and increasing demands in quantum information science have served as key drivers to improve the device performance of single-photon avalanche diodes and to invent new avalanche quenching techniques.This Review aims to introduce the technology advances of InGaAs/InP single-photon detector systems in the telecom wavelengths and the relevant quantum communication applications,and particularly to highlight recent emerging techniques such as high-frequency gating at GHz rates and free-running operation using negative-feedback avalanche diodes.Future perspectives of both the devices and quenching techniques are summarized.展开更多
Currently,detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNAs is a standard approach for COVID-19 diagnosis.However,there is an urgent need for reliable and rapid serological diagnostic methods to screen SARS-CoV-2-infected people including th...Currently,detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNAs is a standard approach for COVID-19 diagnosis.However,there is an urgent need for reliable and rapid serological diagnostic methods to screen SARS-CoV-2-infected people including those who do not have overt symptoms.Most emerging studies described serological tests based on detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG.1–4 Although detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in serum has been reported in few papers,5,6 analyses of IgA levels in a larger number of COVID-19 patients are still lacking.展开更多
In order to determine the environmental quality condition of reclaimed soils inHuainan mining area, soil samples were collected from three representative mines, suchas Panyi Mine, Xinzhuangzi Mine and Datong Mine.The ...In order to determine the environmental quality condition of reclaimed soils inHuainan mining area, soil samples were collected from three representative mines, suchas Panyi Mine, Xinzhuangzi Mine and Datong Mine.The total concentration of Cd, Hg, Cu,Pb and As in the samples were analyzed.The potential ecological risk was used to evaluatethe heavy metals pollution.The investigation reveals that the reclaimed soils are contaminatedto a certain degree and the trace elements in coal gangue transferred to thesurface soil.The order of potential ecological risk is Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As; the pollution degreeof each sampling site is arranged in the following order: Xinzhuangzi Mine>DatongMine>Panyi Mine, and the multiform of heavy metals of potential ecological risk index is at357.35～484.62.展开更多
Black phosphorus(BP)is a rapidly up and coming star in two-dimensional(2D)materials.The unique characteristic of BP is its in-plane anisotropy.This characteristic of BP ignites a new type of 2D materials that have low...Black phosphorus(BP)is a rapidly up and coming star in two-dimensional(2D)materials.The unique characteristic of BP is its in-plane anisotropy.This characteristic of BP ignites a new type of 2D materials that have low-symmetry structures and in-plane anisotropic properties.On this basis,they offer richer and more unique low-dimensional physics compared to isotropic 2D materials,thus providing a fertile ground for novel applications including electronics,optoelectronics,molecular detection,thermoelectric,piezoelectric,and ferroelectric with respect to in-plane anisotropy.This article reviews the recent advance in characterization and applications of in-plane anisotropic 2D materials.展开更多
We report a facile way to grow various porous NiO nanostructures including nanoslices,nanoplates,and nanocolumns,which show a structure-dependence in their specific charge capacitances.The formation of controllable po...We report a facile way to grow various porous NiO nanostructures including nanoslices,nanoplates,and nanocolumns,which show a structure-dependence in their specific charge capacitances.The formation of controllable porosity is due to the dehydration and re-crystallization of β-Ni(OH)_(2) nanoplates synthesized by a hydrothermal process.Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the decomposition temperature of the β-Ni(OH)_(2) nanostructures is related to their morphology.In electrochemical tests,the porous NiO nanostructures show stable cycling performance with retention of specific capacitance over 1000 cycles.Interestingly,the formation of nanocolumns by the stacking of β-Ni(OH)_(2) nanoslices/plates favors the creation of small pores in the NiO nanocrystals obtained after annealing,and the surface area is over five times larger than that of NiO nanoslices and nanoplates.Consequently,the specific capacitance of the porous NiO nanocolumns(390 F/g)is significantly higher than that of the nanoslices(176 F/g)or nanoplates(285 F/g)at a discharge current of 5 A/g.This approach provides a clear illustration of the process-structure-property relationship in nanocrystal synthesis and potentially offers strategies to enhance the performance of supercapacitor electrodes.展开更多
Well-dispersed M@TiO_(2)(M=Ag,Pd,Au,Pt)nanocomposite particles with a diameter of 200-400 nm can be synthesized on a large scale by a clean photochemical route which does not require any additives using spherical ruti...Well-dispersed M@TiO_(2)(M=Ag,Pd,Au,Pt)nanocomposite particles with a diameter of 200-400 nm can be synthesized on a large scale by a clean photochemical route which does not require any additives using spherical rutile nanoparticles as a support.The sizes of Pt,Au,and Pd nanoparticles formed on the surface of TiO_(2) particles are about 1 nm,5 nm,and 5 nm,respectively,and the diameter of Ag nanoparticles is in the range 2-20 nm.Moreover,the noble metal nanoparticles have good dispersity on the particles of the TiO_(2) support,resulting in excellent catalytic activities.Complete conversion in catalytic CO oxidation is reached at temperatures as low as 333 and 363 K,respectively,for Pt@TiO_(2) and Pd@TiO_(2) catalysts.In addition,the antibacterial effects of the as-synthesized TiO_(2) nanoparticles,silver nanoparticles,and Au@TiO_(2) and Ag@TiO_(2) nanocomposites have been tested against Gram-negative Escherichia coli(E.coli)bacteria.The results demonstrate that the presence of the TiO_(2) matrix enhances the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles,and the growth of E.coli can be completely inhibited even if the concentration of Ag in Ag@TiO_(2) nanocomposite is very low(10μg/mL).展开更多
Due to the dispersed distribution of the titanium component in various mineral phases and very fine grain size, it is difficult to recover the titanium component from the slag. In order to utilize titanium resources, ...Due to the dispersed distribution of the titanium component in various mineral phases and very fine grain size, it is difficult to recover the titanium component from the slag. In order to utilize titanium resources, selective enriching and selective growing of the titanium component from the molten slag is expected. In this paper, the selection of the best titanium enrichment phase and the effect of oxidization on the enrichment of titanium by blowing air into the molten slag were studied. The results showed that through oxidizing the slag, the content of the perovskite phase increases while that of the other titanium-bearing mineral phases decreases until they disappear. Most titania resources were enriched into the perovskite phase and increase in size. The process of enrichment and growth is easily carried out.展开更多
Online fault detection is one of the key technologies to improve the performance of cloud systems. The current data of cloud systems is to be monitored, collected and used to reflect their state. Its use can potential...Online fault detection is one of the key technologies to improve the performance of cloud systems. The current data of cloud systems is to be monitored, collected and used to reflect their state. Its use can potentially help cloud managers take some timely measures before fault occurrence in clouds. Because of the complex structure and dynamic change characteristics of the clouds, existing fault detection methods suffer from the problems of low efficiency and low accuracy. In order to solve them, this work proposes an online detection model based on asystematic parameter-search method called SVM-Grid, whose construction is based on a support vector machine(SVM). SVM-Grid is used to optimize parameters in SVM. Proper attributes of a cloud system's running data are selected by using Pearson correlation and principal component analysis for the model. Strategies of predicting cloud faults and updating fault sample databases are proposed to optimize the model and improve its performance.In comparison with some representative existing methods, the proposed model can achieve more efficient and accurate fault detection for cloud systems.展开更多
Trajectory clustering, potential source contribution function （PSCF） and concentration-weighted trajectory （CWT） methods were applied to investigate the transport pathways and identify potential sources of PM2.s a...Trajectory clustering, potential source contribution function （PSCF） and concentration-weighted trajectory （CWT） methods were applied to investigate the transport pathways and identify potential sources of PM2.s and PMIo in different seasons from June 2014 to May 2015 in Beijing. The cluster analyses showed that Beijing was affected by trajectories from the south and southeast in summer and autumn. In winter and spring, Beijing was not only affected by the trajectories from the south and southeast, but was also affected by trajectories from the north and northwest. In addition, the analyses of the pressure profile of backward trajectories showed that backward trajectories, which have important influence on Beijing, were mainly distributed above 970 hPa in summer and autumn and below 950 hPa in spring and winter. This indicates that PM2.s and PMIo were strongly affected by the near surface air masses in summer and autumn and by high altitude air masses in winter and spring. Results of PSCF and CV/T analyses showed that the largest potential source areas were identified in spring, followed by winter and autumn, then summer. In addition, potential source regions of PMIo were similar to those of PM2.5. There were a clear seasonal and spatial variation of the potential source areas of Beijing and the airflow in the horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, more effective regional emission reduction measures in Beijing＇s surrounding provinces should be implemented to reduce emissions of regional sources in different seasons.展开更多
Objective: Dermoscopy is a useful technique for improving the diagnostic accuracy of various types of skin disorders. In China, dermoscopy has been widely accepted, and domestic researchers have made tremendous progre...Objective: Dermoscopy is a useful technique for improving the diagnostic accuracy of various types of skin disorders. In China, dermoscopy has been widely accepted, and domestic researchers have made tremendous progress in the field of dermoscopy. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of dermoscopy in China and identify its future directions. Data sources: Articles included in this review were obtained by searching the following databases: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and the Web of Science. We focused on research published before 2019 with keywords including dermoscopy, dermoscopic, dermoscope and trichoscopy. Study selection: A total of 50 studies were selected. Of these studies, 20 studies were in Chinese and 30 in English, research samples of all the studies were collected from Chinese populations. Results: Since 2000, more than 380 articles about dermoscopy have been published in domestic or foreign journals. Dermoscopy can improve the diagnostic accuracy of neoplastic diseases, evaluating the therapeutic effect of treatment, and determining the treatment endpoint, and it can also assist in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases and in the assessment of the severity of the disease. In addition, researches about the applications of dermoscopy during surgical treatment have been published. Training courses aiming to improve the diagnostic ability of dermatologists, either face-to-face or online, have been offered. The Chinese Skin Image Database, launched in 2017 as a work platform for dermatologists, has promoted the development of dermoscopy in China. Computer-aided diagnostic systems based on the Chinese population are ready for use. In the future, cooperation, resource sharing, talent development, image management, and computer-aided diagnosis will be important directions for the development of dermoscopy in China. Conclusion: Dermoscopy has been widely used and developed in China, however, it still needs to address more challenges in t展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2070000191,WK9110000037)the fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20200325)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui province(1808085QH244).
文摘The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex composed of the innate immune receptor protein NLRP3,adapter protein ASC,and inflammatory protease caspase-1 that responds to microbial infection,endogenous danger signals,and environmental stimuli.The assembled NLRP3 inflammasome can activate the protease caspase‐1 to induce gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis and facilitate the release of IL-1β and IL-18,which contribute to innate immune defense and homeostatic maintenance.However,aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases,such as diabetes,cancer,and Alzheimer’s disease.Recent studies have revealed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to not only pyroptosis but also other types of cell death,including apoptosis,necroptosis,and ferroptosis.In addition,various effectors of cell death have been reported to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation,suggesting that cell death is closely related to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.In this review,we summarize the inextricable link between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death and discuss potential therapeutics that target cell death effectors in NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases.
基金from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#81788101 and#81771685)Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB29030000)the Emergency Project of Anhui Medical University of Science and Technology(YJGG202002).
文摘In December 2019,a novel coronavirus was first reported in Wuhan,China.1 It was named by the World Health Organization as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Up to 28 February 2020,79,394 cases have been confirmed according to China’s National Health Commission.Outside China,the virus has spread rapidly to over 36 countries and territories.
文摘AIM:To investigate the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE)and to assess corresponding health-related quality of life(HRQoL)in hospitalized cirrhotic patients in China.METHODS:This multi-center cross-sectional study included 16 teaching hospitals,which were members of "Hepatobiliary Cooperation Group,Society of Gastroenterology,Chinese Medical Association",from different areas of China carried out between June and October in 2011.All the eligible hospitalized cirrhotic patients(n = 538)were required to complete triplicate number connection tests combined with one digit symbol test for diagnosing MHE.Patients' clinical examination data were complemented by a modified questionnaire assessing HRQoL.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.RESULTS:Male was predominant(68.6%)in 519 patients who met the criteria of the study,with a mean age of 49.17 ± 11.02 years.The most common cause of liver cirrhosis was chronic hepatitis B(55.9%).The prevalence of MHE was 39.9% and varied by ChildPugh-Classification score(CPC-A:24.8%,CPC-B:39.4% and CPC-C:56.1%,P < 0.01).MHE(P < 0.01)and higher CPC scores(P < 0.01)were associated with a high HRQoL scores(reflecting poorer quality of life).The prevalence of MHE was proportionate to CPC(P = 0.01)and high quality of life scores(P = 0.01).CONCLUSION:Hospitalized cirrhotic patients have a high prevalence of MHE that is proportionate to the degree of liver function and HRQoL impairment.
文摘Background： With the progress ofperinatal medicine and neonatal technology, more and more extremely low birth weight （ELBW） survived all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the short-term ontcomes of ELBW infants during their Neonatal Intensive Care Unit （NICU） stay in the mainland of China. Methods： All infants admitted to 26 NICUs with a birth weight （BW） 〈1000 g were included between January 1,2011 and December 31,2011. All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a prospectively designed questionnaire. The data collected from each NICU transmitted to the main institution where the results were aggregated and analyzed. Categorical variables were performed with Pearson Chi-square test. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to detect risk factors. Results： A total of 258 ELBW infants were admitted to 26 NICUs, of whom the mean gestational age （GA） was 28.1 ± 2.2 weeks, and the mean BW was 868 ± 97 g. The overall survival rate at discharge was 50.0%. Despite aggressive treatment 60 infants （23.3%） died and another 69 infants （26.7%） died after medical care withdrawal. Furthermore, the survival rate was significantly higher in coastal areas than inland areas （53.6% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.019）. BW 〈750 g and GA 〈28 weeks were the largest risk factors, and being small for gestational age was a protective factor related to mortality. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common complication. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity was 26.2%, 33.7%, 6.7%, 48.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. Ventilator associated pneumonia was the most common hospital acquired infection during hospitalization. Conclusions： Our study was the first survey that revealed the present status of ELBW infants in the mainland of China. The mortality and morbidity of ELBW infants remained high as compared to other developed countries.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.5180081612 and 51608002)the University Natural Science Research Key Project of Anhui Province(No.KJ2017A061)
文摘Microplastics are considered as the carrier to heavy metals in the environment.But the sorption ability of microplastics influenced by photo-aging is remaining unclear.In the present study,the sorption of two kinds of metal ions(Cu^2+ and Zn^2+)in the aqueous solution by both the virgin and aged microplastics was investigated.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)debris,one of the typical kinds of microplastics was chosen in this study.Photo-aging of microplastics in environment was simulated using UV radiation in the laboratory.Date analysis indicated that the aged microplastics had higher adsorption capacity of heavy metals than original ones.This could be related to the increased surface area and oxygen containing function appeared in the surface of aged microplastics after UV radiation.When prolonging the time of radiation,the enhanced adsorption capacities of microplastics appeared for Cu^2+ and Zn^2+.These results showed a great interaction between the aging degree of plastics and sorption capacity to heavy metals.Meanwhile,external conditions including temperature and pH value were also showed great influence to the adsorption behavior.
文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and has a high incidence in Southeast Asia and North Africa.To develop these comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis and management of NPC,the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged a multi-disciplinary team comprising of experts from all sub-specialties of NPC to write,discuss,and revise the guidelines.Based on the findings of evidencebased medicine in China and abroad,domestic experts have iteratively developed these guidelines to provide proper management of NPC.Overall,the guidelines describe the screening,clinical and pathological diagnosis,staging and risk assessment,therapies,and follow-up of NPC,which aim to improve the management of NPC.
文摘In plants, photoperiod is an important cue for determining flowering. The floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana is earlier under long-day （LD） than under short-day （SD） conditions. Flowering of Arabidopsis plants under SD conditions is mainly regulated by the plant hormone gibberellin （GA）. Here, we report two WRKY transcription factors function oppositely in controlling flowering time under SD conditions. Phenotypic analysis showed that disruption of WRKY12 caused a delay in flowering, while loss of WRKY13 function promoted flowering. WRKY12 and WRKY13 displayed negatively correlated expression profiles and function successively to regulate flowering. Molecular and genetic analyses demonstrated that FRUITFULL （FUL） is a direct downstream target gene of WRKY12 and WRKY13. Interestingly, we found that DELLA proteins GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE （GAI） and RGA-LIKE1 （RGL1） interacted with WRKY12 and WRKY13, and their interactions interfered with the transcriptional activity of the WRKY12 and WRKY13. Further studies suggested thatWRKY12 and WRKY13 partly mediated the effect of GA3 on controlling flowering time. Taken together, our results indicate that WRKY12 and WRKY13 oppositely modulate flower- ing time under SD conditions, which at least partially involves the action of GA.
文摘Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China.
基金the Wisdom Medical Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.2018ZHYL0227)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.20DZ2200500).
文摘Introduction Human serum albumin(HSA)is a non-glycosylated,negatively charged,single-chain polypeptide composed of 585 amino acid residues with a relative molecular mass of 66.438 kD.It is synthesized by the liver at a rate of approximately 200 mg·kg^(-1)·day^(-1),with a half-life of 21 days,and subjected to catabolism in the muscles,liver,and kidneys at a rate of 4%per day.[1]Albumin,accounting for 60%of the total plasma protein,has various physiological functions,[2]such as maintaining 70%to 80%of effective plasma colloid osmotic pressure,coordinating vascular endothelial integrity,anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities,maintaining the acidbase balance,and participating in the transport,distribution,and metabolism of a variety of endogenous and exogenous substances.
基金We acknowledge Wen-Hao Jiang for technical assistance.This work has been financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB336800)the National High-Tech R&D Program(Grant No.2011AA010802)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61275121)the Innovative Cross-disciplinary Team Program of CAS.HZ acknowledges the financial support from the Swiss NCCR QSIT.
文摘Single-photon detectors(SPDs)are the most sensitive instruments for light detection.In the near-infrared range,SPDs based on III–V compound semiconductor avalanche photodiodes have been extensively used during the past two decades for diverse applications due to their advantages in practicality including small size,low cost and easy operation.In the past decade,the rapid developments and increasing demands in quantum information science have served as key drivers to improve the device performance of single-photon avalanche diodes and to invent new avalanche quenching techniques.This Review aims to introduce the technology advances of InGaAs/InP single-photon detector systems in the telecom wavelengths and the relevant quantum communication applications,and particularly to highlight recent emerging techniques such as high-frequency gating at GHz rates and free-running operation using negative-feedback avalanche diodes.Future perspectives of both the devices and quenching techniques are summarized.
基金We acknowledge funding support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB29030104)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:31870731 and U1732109)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2070000108)a COVID-19 special task grant supported by Chinese Academy of Science Clinical Research Hospital(Hefei)(YD2070002017 and YD2070002001)the new medical science fund of USTC(WK2070000130).
文摘Currently,detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNAs is a standard approach for COVID-19 diagnosis.However,there is an urgent need for reliable and rapid serological diagnostic methods to screen SARS-CoV-2-infected people including those who do not have overt symptoms.Most emerging studies described serological tests based on detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG.1–4 Although detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in serum has been reported in few papers,5,6 analyses of IgA levels in a larger number of COVID-19 patients are still lacking.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China of Anhui Education to Research(KJ2009A088)
文摘In order to determine the environmental quality condition of reclaimed soils inHuainan mining area, soil samples were collected from three representative mines, suchas Panyi Mine, Xinzhuangzi Mine and Datong Mine.The total concentration of Cd, Hg, Cu,Pb and As in the samples were analyzed.The potential ecological risk was used to evaluatethe heavy metals pollution.The investigation reveals that the reclaimed soils are contaminatedto a certain degree and the trace elements in coal gangue transferred to thesurface soil.The order of potential ecological risk is Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As; the pollution degreeof each sampling site is arranged in the following order: Xinzhuangzi Mine>DatongMine>Panyi Mine, and the multiform of heavy metals of potential ecological risk index is at357.35～484.62.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21825103 and 51727809)the National Basic Research Foundation of China(Grant No.2015CB932600)the Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2017M610474,2016M600589,and 2017T100552).
文摘Black phosphorus(BP)is a rapidly up and coming star in two-dimensional(2D)materials.The unique characteristic of BP is its in-plane anisotropy.This characteristic of BP ignites a new type of 2D materials that have low-symmetry structures and in-plane anisotropic properties.On this basis,they offer richer and more unique low-dimensional physics compared to isotropic 2D materials,thus providing a fertile ground for novel applications including electronics,optoelectronics,molecular detection,thermoelectric,piezoelectric,and ferroelectric with respect to in-plane anisotropy.This article reviews the recent advance in characterization and applications of in-plane anisotropic 2D materials.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the AcRF Tier 1 RG 31/08 from Ministry of Education Singapore and No.NRF2009EWT-CERP001-026 Singaporethe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20901003)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Educational Department of Anhui Province(No.KJ2008B167)the Young Teacher Program of Anhui Normal University(No.2009xqnzc19).
文摘We report a facile way to grow various porous NiO nanostructures including nanoslices,nanoplates,and nanocolumns,which show a structure-dependence in their specific charge capacitances.The formation of controllable porosity is due to the dehydration and re-crystallization of β-Ni(OH)_(2) nanoplates synthesized by a hydrothermal process.Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the decomposition temperature of the β-Ni(OH)_(2) nanostructures is related to their morphology.In electrochemical tests,the porous NiO nanostructures show stable cycling performance with retention of specific capacitance over 1000 cycles.Interestingly,the formation of nanocolumns by the stacking of β-Ni(OH)_(2) nanoslices/plates favors the creation of small pores in the NiO nanocrystals obtained after annealing,and the surface area is over five times larger than that of NiO nanoslices and nanoplates.Consequently,the specific capacitance of the porous NiO nanocolumns(390 F/g)is significantly higher than that of the nanoslices(176 F/g)or nanoplates(285 F/g)at a discharge current of 5 A/g.This approach provides a clear illustration of the process-structure-property relationship in nanocrystal synthesis and potentially offers strategies to enhance the performance of supercapacitor electrodes.
基金S.-H.Yu acknowledges the funding support from the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB934700)the Program of International S&T Cooperation(No.2010GR0314)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.50732006,20671085)and the Partner-Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences&the Max Planck Society.S.F.Chen thanks the Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of USTC(2006)for support.
文摘Well-dispersed M@TiO_(2)(M=Ag,Pd,Au,Pt)nanocomposite particles with a diameter of 200-400 nm can be synthesized on a large scale by a clean photochemical route which does not require any additives using spherical rutile nanoparticles as a support.The sizes of Pt,Au,and Pd nanoparticles formed on the surface of TiO_(2) particles are about 1 nm,5 nm,and 5 nm,respectively,and the diameter of Ag nanoparticles is in the range 2-20 nm.Moreover,the noble metal nanoparticles have good dispersity on the particles of the TiO_(2) support,resulting in excellent catalytic activities.Complete conversion in catalytic CO oxidation is reached at temperatures as low as 333 and 363 K,respectively,for Pt@TiO_(2) and Pd@TiO_(2) catalysts.In addition,the antibacterial effects of the as-synthesized TiO_(2) nanoparticles,silver nanoparticles,and Au@TiO_(2) and Ag@TiO_(2) nanocomposites have been tested against Gram-negative Escherichia coli(E.coli)bacteria.The results demonstrate that the presence of the TiO_(2) matrix enhances the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles,and the growth of E.coli can be completely inhibited even if the concentration of Ag in Ag@TiO_(2) nanocomposite is very low(10μg/mL).
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50234040)
文摘Due to the dispersed distribution of the titanium component in various mineral phases and very fine grain size, it is difficult to recover the titanium component from the slag. In order to utilize titanium resources, selective enriching and selective growing of the titanium component from the molten slag is expected. In this paper, the selection of the best titanium enrichment phase and the effect of oxidization on the enrichment of titanium by blowing air into the molten slag were studied. The results showed that through oxidizing the slag, the content of the perovskite phase increases while that of the other titanium-bearing mineral phases decreases until they disappear. Most titania resources were enriched into the perovskite phase and increase in size. The process of enrichment and growth is easily carried out.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61472005,61201252)CERNET Innovation Project(NGII20160207)
文摘Online fault detection is one of the key technologies to improve the performance of cloud systems. The current data of cloud systems is to be monitored, collected and used to reflect their state. Its use can potentially help cloud managers take some timely measures before fault occurrence in clouds. Because of the complex structure and dynamic change characteristics of the clouds, existing fault detection methods suffer from the problems of low efficiency and low accuracy. In order to solve them, this work proposes an online detection model based on asystematic parameter-search method called SVM-Grid, whose construction is based on a support vector machine(SVM). SVM-Grid is used to optimize parameters in SVM. Proper attributes of a cloud system's running data are selected by using Pearson correlation and principal component analysis for the model. Strategies of predicting cloud faults and updating fault sample databases are proposed to optimize the model and improve its performance.In comparison with some representative existing methods, the proposed model can achieve more efficient and accurate fault detection for cloud systems.
基金supported by the National Key Foundation for Exploring Scientific Instrument(No.2012YQ060147)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB05040402)the Key Program of the Chinese 473 Academy of Sciences(No.KJZD-EW-TZ-G06-01)
文摘Trajectory clustering, potential source contribution function （PSCF） and concentration-weighted trajectory （CWT） methods were applied to investigate the transport pathways and identify potential sources of PM2.s and PMIo in different seasons from June 2014 to May 2015 in Beijing. The cluster analyses showed that Beijing was affected by trajectories from the south and southeast in summer and autumn. In winter and spring, Beijing was not only affected by the trajectories from the south and southeast, but was also affected by trajectories from the north and northwest. In addition, the analyses of the pressure profile of backward trajectories showed that backward trajectories, which have important influence on Beijing, were mainly distributed above 970 hPa in summer and autumn and below 950 hPa in spring and winter. This indicates that PM2.s and PMIo were strongly affected by the near surface air masses in summer and autumn and by high altitude air masses in winter and spring. Results of PSCF and CV/T analyses showed that the largest potential source areas were identified in spring, followed by winter and autumn, then summer. In addition, potential source regions of PMIo were similar to those of PM2.5. There were a clear seasonal and spatial variation of the potential source areas of Beijing and the airflow in the horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, more effective regional emission reduction measures in Beijing＇s surrounding provinces should be implemented to reduce emissions of regional sources in different seasons.
文摘Objective: Dermoscopy is a useful technique for improving the diagnostic accuracy of various types of skin disorders. In China, dermoscopy has been widely accepted, and domestic researchers have made tremendous progress in the field of dermoscopy. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of dermoscopy in China and identify its future directions. Data sources: Articles included in this review were obtained by searching the following databases: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and the Web of Science. We focused on research published before 2019 with keywords including dermoscopy, dermoscopic, dermoscope and trichoscopy. Study selection: A total of 50 studies were selected. Of these studies, 20 studies were in Chinese and 30 in English, research samples of all the studies were collected from Chinese populations. Results: Since 2000, more than 380 articles about dermoscopy have been published in domestic or foreign journals. Dermoscopy can improve the diagnostic accuracy of neoplastic diseases, evaluating the therapeutic effect of treatment, and determining the treatment endpoint, and it can also assist in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases and in the assessment of the severity of the disease. In addition, researches about the applications of dermoscopy during surgical treatment have been published. Training courses aiming to improve the diagnostic ability of dermatologists, either face-to-face or online, have been offered. The Chinese Skin Image Database, launched in 2017 as a work platform for dermatologists, has promoted the development of dermoscopy in China. Computer-aided diagnostic systems based on the Chinese population are ready for use. In the future, cooperation, resource sharing, talent development, image management, and computer-aided diagnosis will be important directions for the development of dermoscopy in China. Conclusion: Dermoscopy has been widely used and developed in China, however, it still needs to address more challenges in t
基金China Ministry of Science and Technology under Contract of 2016YFA (0202801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21521091,21390393,U1463202,21573119, 21590792,and 21501004).
