Background: Inadequate antenatal care, both in coverage and standard, has been linked with poor pregnancy outcomes. In a resource poor setting, home delivery is considered very cheap, but the possible outcome of such ...Background: Inadequate antenatal care, both in coverage and standard, has been linked with poor pregnancy outcomes. In a resource poor setting, home delivery is considered very cheap, but the possible outcome of such pregnancies has been a subject of interest. This study evaluated the association of booking status with pregnancy outcomes. Objectives: To examine the factors that influence booking and impact of the booking status on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective cohort study of 240 (120 booked and 120 un-booked) pregnant mothers selected through systematic random sampling. The study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria. Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.39 ± 5.05 years and 29.05 ± 6.36 years respectively for the booked and unbooked. Marital status (OR = 6.35, 95% CI = 1.24 - 32.59), educational status (OR = 36.40, 95% CI = 5.26-152.83), place of residence (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.06 - 0.41), partner’s support (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.37), family support (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.13), mode of delivery (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.12 - 0.46), APGAR score in first minute (OR = 6.02, 95% CI = 2.45 - 14.83) and NBICU admission (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.67 - 8.43) were associated with booked status. However, being unmarried, nulliparity/grandmultiparity, low level of education, blue colar jobs, low income, rural dwelling and poor partner and poor family support were associated with the unbooked. The booked parturients had a better perinatal outcome compared the unbooked. Conclusion/Recommendation: There was high prevalence of operative deliveries, perinatal morbidity and mortality among the unbooked mothers. Girl child education, employment and poverty alleviation would improve antenatal care utilization.展开更多
In tropical countries, malaria and preeclampsia/eclampsia are common diseases of pregnancy;and placenta have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both disease processes. The two diseases have pathophysiologic sim...In tropical countries, malaria and preeclampsia/eclampsia are common diseases of pregnancy;and placenta have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both disease processes. The two diseases have pathophysiologic similarities in the placenta such as placenta ischaemia, endothelial dysfunction and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine. Yet, there is paucity of studies on the association of these two disease processes. Determining the association between the two disease processes may help to unravel the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and also help in its prevention and patient management. Objective: Determined the association between placenta malaria parasitemia and preeclampsia/eclampsia among parturients at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study that was conducted in the Labour wards of department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA) and Mile 4 Missionary Hospital Abakaliki, a comprehensive health care centre in Abakaliki, Ebonyi state. It was conducted over a period of 6 months between 1<sup>st</sup> October 2021 and 31<sup>st</sup> March, 2022. The cases in this study were parturients that developed preeclampsia/eclampsia in the course of pregnancy, while the controls were parturient without preeclampsia/eclampsia. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrics and medical histories. Histological examinations were conducted to isolate plasmodium falciparum parasites from placenta samples obtained from the maternal surface of the placenta. The data was processed using Epi Info software. Categorical variables were analyzed using Mc Nemar X<sup>2</sup> test, with a p-value of 0.05 considered statistically significant. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of the association between placenta malaria parasites and preeclampsia/eclampsia was conducted. Relative risk with展开更多
Introduction: Multiple pregnancies have a higher risk of premature delivery and a weakened cervix has been associated with it. In most cases, emergency cerclage has proved to be beneficial as the birth of the first tw...Introduction: Multiple pregnancies have a higher risk of premature delivery and a weakened cervix has been associated with it. In most cases, emergency cerclage has proved to be beneficial as the birth of the first twin is usually followed by the unavoidable delivery of the second twin and most fetus dies shortly after delivery. Studies have noted that delayed delivery of the second fetus in a twin pregnancy is an effective management choice and the use of cervical cerclage after the first delivery is associated with a longer inter-delivery interval. We present a case of previable premature rupture of membrane of a dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation leading to the loss of the leading twin and subsequently having emergency cervical cerclage for the second twin and caesarean delivery at term. Case Presentation: She was a case of a 29 years old, G<sub>6</sub>P<sub>1</sub><sup>+4</sup> with 1 living child at a gestational age of 17 weeks plus 5 days who initially was diagnosed with dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation following an early ultrasound but presented with a history of bleeding and passage of liquor per vaginam. Ultrasound done on admission showed cervical funneling and a stable state of the second twin. She subsequently had emergency cervical cerclage after stabilization on account of previable premature rupture of membrane of a dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation with the loss of the leading twin. A repeat ultrasound done prior to discharge showed closed cervical os and a good state of the fetus. She then had elective caesarean delivery at term with a good feto-maternal outcome. Conclusion: Emergency cervical cerclage should be part of the options of management after stabilization in cases of previable premature rupture of membrane in a dichorionic or multichoronic gestation so as to save the viable once.展开更多
Aquaculture largely contributes to aquatic products and consequential dietary protein for many households.Aquaculture,just like every other food sector,is faced with enormous challenges such as unfavorable climatic ev...Aquaculture largely contributes to aquatic products and consequential dietary protein for many households.Aquaculture,just like every other food sector,is faced with enormous challenges such as unfavorable climatic events,environmental stressors and contaminants.Microplastics(MP)are emerging contaminants in aquaculture following their perturbing occurrence in cultured fish,fishmeal and aquafeed.Several MPs pathways into aquaculture facilities include wastewater,pipe-borne water,dilapidated aquaculture facilities,fish gears,and aquafeed stuff(fishmeal).Techniques for the digestion,identification and characterization of MPs are critical to understanding their pathways,bioavailability and bioaccumulation patterns in aquaculture species.The impacts of MPs on cultured fish species are identified as impaired growth,oxidative stress,neurotoxicity,reproductive toxicity,immunotoxicity,embryotoxicity,and histopathology.Bioaccumulation of MPs in tissues and biological systems have been evidenced in several cultured fishes.Mitigation efforts cum strategies such as upgrade of wastewater treatment facilities,screening of inlet pond water,screening of aquafeed stuff,regular maintenance and repair of culture facilities,could be effective to eradicate MP contamination in aquaculture.Additionally,regulatory policy on the use of plastics is key to mitigating the impact of MPs and ensure cleaner and sustainable aquaculture.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Pain management following caesarean section still remains a challenge in our environment. Most potent analgesics are either not readily available or expensive. Diclofenac suppository is an NSAID that can b...BACKGROUND: Pain management following caesarean section still remains a challenge in our environment. Most potent analgesics are either not readily available or expensive. Diclofenac suppository is an NSAID that can be used for postoperative analgesia. It is available and affordable. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of combined rectal diclofenac and intramuscular pentazocine with intramuscular pentazocine alone for post operative pain control following lower segment caesarean section. METHODOLOGY: A total of 120 women who met the selection criteria scheduled for caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine were randomized into two equal groups to receive either 75 mg diclofenac suppository 12 hourly for 24 hours or one anusol suppository (the placebo) 12 hourly for 24 hours. Both groups received pentazocine as primary analgesia. RESULT: The primary outcome measure is the proportion of patients with severe pain at 24 hours using the visual analogue rating scale. Secondary outcome measures are the time from surgery to ambulation, Passage of flatus, maternal satisfaction and presence of complications. Statistical analysis was done using spss version 22 and graph pad statistical package. Student T-test was used for continuous variables whereas chi square was used for categorical variables P CONCLUSION: Adjuvant rectal diclofenac is superior to pentazocine alone in the management of pain after caesarean section. Less number of patients had moderate to severe pain at 24 hours post operation. Maternal satisfaction in relation to pain management is better with diclofenac suppository. The levels of complications were comparable in both groups.展开更多
Background: Episiotomy is a very common obstetric surgery, and it could be associated with serious complications. However, these complications largely are not noticed due to the shift of attention from mother to baby,...Background: Episiotomy is a very common obstetric surgery, and it could be associated with serious complications. However, these complications largely are not noticed due to the shift of attention from mother to baby, after a successful delivery. Objective: To identify the morbidities associated with episiotomies and factors associated with such morbidities. Method: This was a questionnaire based cross sectional descriptive study among women who attended the Obstetric Department of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State, between 1st July and 31st Nov, 2023. The study population consisted of parturients who had episiotomies in their previous confinements, attending either the antenatal clinic or the postnatal clinic at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State. Results: Macrosomia was the most common indication of episiotomy at a rate of 31.6%. The majority of episiotomies were performed on the parturients in their first confinement at a rate of 64.5% and the majority of repairs were performed by the Registrar at a rate of 65.0%. Informed consent was obtained from 45.79% of parturients while 54.21% were not informed before the episiotomy was administered. Only 55.3% of the parturient received analgesia before episiotomy was administered. The majority of the parturients had their episiotomy repaired between 10 - 15 minutes at a rate of 40.3%. Postoperative pain at the rate of 44.5% was the most common complication and dyspareunia as a form of sexual complication was the commonest at a rate of 31.3%. Conclusion: The parturient needs to be properly counselled before administration of episiotomy and adequate analgesia should be given, as episiotomy is a surgical procedure. Proper training of health workers on both the technique of administering and repairing episiotomy is important. Restrictive use of routine episiotomy in primigravidae is advised to reduce the rate of episiotomy.展开更多
Background: An abnormal vaginal discharge is a common complaint among women of reproductive age, and it can indicate serious conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease and cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess ...Background: An abnormal vaginal discharge is a common complaint among women of reproductive age, and it can indicate serious conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease and cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age group in Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 368 women of reproductive age group attending the clinic at Federal University Teaching Hospital Owerri, in Imo State, Nigeria. Respondents were recruited using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge. Statistical significance was set at p Results: The mean age of the respondents was 30 ± 4.5 years. Predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge were: age 36 - 45 years (OR: 4.5;95% C.I: 1.023 - 8.967, p = 0.041), being a student (OR: 2.4: 95% C.I: 1.496 - 7.336, p = 0.003), use of oral contraceptives (OR: 3.4;95% C.I: 1.068 - 6.932, p = 0.010), use of water cistern (OR: 4.7;C.I: 1.654 - 5.210, p = 0.028) anal hygiene practices (OR: 2.7;95% C.I: 1.142 - 4.809, p Conclusion: These findings suggest that targeted sexual and reproductive health interventions should be provided to reduce the risk of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age group.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate and compare the efficacy of the astigmatic correction achieved with laser in situ keratomileusis（LASIK） in eyes with myopic astigmatism using wavefront-guided（WFG） and wavefront-optimized（WFO） ...AIM： To evaluate and compare the efficacy of the astigmatic correction achieved with laser in situ keratomileusis（LASIK） in eyes with myopic astigmatism using wavefront-guided（WFG） and wavefront-optimized（WFO） ablation profiles.METHODS： Prospective study included 221 eyes undergoing LASIK： 99 and 122 eyes with low and moderate myopic astigmatism（low and moderate myopia groups）.Two subgroups were differentiated in each group according to the ablation profile： WFG subgroup,109 eyes（45/64,low/moderate myopia groups） treated using the Advanced Custom Vue platform（Abbott Medical Optics Inc.）,and WFO subgroup,112 eyes（54/58,low/moderate myopia groups） treated using the EX-500 platform（Alcon）.Clinical outcomes were evaluated during a 6-month follow-up,including a vector analysis of astigmatic changes.RESULTS： Significantly better postoperative uncorrected visual acuity and efficacy index was found in the WFG subgroups of each group（P≤0.041）.Postoperative spherical equivalent and cylinder were significantly higher in WFO subgroups（P≤0.003）.In moderate myopia group,a higher percentage of eyes with a postoperative cylinder ≤0.25 D was found in the WFG subgroup（90.6% vs 65.5%,P=0.002）.In low and moderate myopia groups,the difference vector was significantly higher in the WFO subgroup compared to WFG（P〈0.001）.In moderate myopia group,the magnitude（P=0.008） and angle of error（P〈0.001） were also significantly higher in the WFO subgroup.Significantlyless induction of high order aberrations were found with WFG treatments in both low and moderate myopia groups（P≤0.006）.CONCLUSION： A more efficacious correction of myopic astigmatism providing a better visual outcome is achieved with WFG LASIK compared to WFO LASIK.展开更多
Purpose: To compare target dose distribution and dose to normal tissue for brain tumors using intensity-modulated and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Methods and Materials: Twelve patients selected in the pr...Purpose: To compare target dose distribution and dose to normal tissue for brain tumors using intensity-modulated and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Methods and Materials: Twelve patients selected in the present study compared the dosimetry of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) techniques in patients treated with different diagnosis brain tumor. All patients underwent computed tomography planning in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging fusion. Prescription dose and normal-tissue constraints were identical for both plans. The tolerance level for maximum dose was 6.0 Gy for lenses and 54.0 Gy for brain stem, and optical nerves. Target coverage was evaluated with the D98%, D95% and D2%. Normal tissue dose was evaluated with the maximum dose to lenses, brain stem, and optical nerves. Results: Mean and standard deviation values of PTV 98%, PTV 95% and PTV 2% in IMRT these values were 94.6 ± 2.3, 96.56 ± 1.67 and 106.5 ± 1.87 respectively;for 3DCRT were 92.7 ± 3.09, 95.58 ± 1.24 and 104.45 ± 2.73 respectively. IMRT plan provided reduced dose to brainstem (72.17 ± 29.967) and lenses (2.43 ± 2.39) relative to the 3DCRT plans for brainstem (73.05 ± 34.59) and lenses (7.65 ± 23.24). But optic nerves with IMRT significantly received higher doses (38.86 ± 32.15) than 3D-CRT (27.57 ± 31.45). Conclusion: Dose coverage of the planning target volume (PTV) and organ at risk (OAR) was better with IMRT. If PTV is distant to optical nerves and brainstem 3DCRT technique can be applied, and if the PTV is nearby OAR intensity-modulated treatment technique should be used.展开更多
The speed of spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 led to global lockdowns and disruptions in the academic sector.The study examined the impact of mobile technology on physics education during lockdowns.Data were collect...The speed of spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 led to global lockdowns and disruptions in the academic sector.The study examined the impact of mobile technology on physics education during lockdowns.Data were collected through an online survey and later evaluated using regression tools,frequency,and an analysis of variance(ANOVA).The findings revealed that the usage of mobile technology had statistically significant effects on physics instructors’and students’academics during the coronavirus lockdown.Most of the participants admitted that the use of mobile technologies such as smartphones,laptops,PDAs,Zoom,mobile apps,etc.were very useful and helpful for continued education amid the pandemic restrictions.Online teaching is very effective during lock-down with smartphones and laptops on different platforms.The paper brings the limelight to the growing power of mobile technology solutions in physics education.展开更多
Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of...Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.展开更多
As an aspect of human capital,a positive association exists amongst health,productivity,and growth in output per capita.On the other hand,social infrastructure defined by the institution of governance has a direct eff...As an aspect of human capital,a positive association exists amongst health,productivity,and growth in output per capita.On the other hand,social infrastructure defined by the institution of governance has a direct effect on the environment upon which productive activities take place to determine outcomes.Nigeria like most African countries is bedevilled by the high prevalence of inadequate health financing and poor governance.Health financing for Nigeria consistently has fallen short of the AU health funding commitment of 15%of annual budgetary allocation to the health sector.Secondly,poor governance conditions available resources and shape the state of infrastructure,particularly health infrastructure and socioeconomic conditions.In turn,this determines individuals’level of exposure to health risks and their capacity to actively contribute to productive activity for growth stimulation and sustainability.Against this backdrop,this study added to the existing literature in the context of Nigeria,by theoretically applying the Solow augmented Mankiw-Romer-Weil structural model in the examination of the impact of government size and governance quality in the health sector,on economic growth.Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL)model was adopted in the estimation.Findings show that governance quality adversely affects growth and this reduces the capacity of health spending to stimulate growth by an almost equal margin.As a result,this study recommends legislative backing to the AU health funding commitment in Nigeria.展开更多
In this paper, we characterize lower semi-continuous pseudo-convex functions f : X → R ∪ {+ ∞} on convex subset of real Banach spaces K ⊂ X with respect to the pseudo-monotonicity of its Clarke-Rockafellar Su...In this paper, we characterize lower semi-continuous pseudo-convex functions f : X → R ∪ {+ ∞} on convex subset of real Banach spaces K ⊂ X with respect to the pseudo-monotonicity of its Clarke-Rockafellar Sub-differential. We extend the results on the characterizations of non-smooth convex functions f : X → R ∪ {+ ∞} on convex subset of real Banach spaces K ⊂ X with respect to the monotonicity of its sub-differentials to the lower semi-continuous pseudo-convex functions on real Banach spaces.展开更多
BACKGROUND Critical time intervention(CTI)is an evidence-based model of practice that is time-limited and aims to provide support for most susceptible individuals during a transition period.AIM To examine the signific...BACKGROUND Critical time intervention(CTI)is an evidence-based model of practice that is time-limited and aims to provide support for most susceptible individuals during a transition period.AIM To examine the significance of fostering the mental health of diabetes patients through CTI using the scoping review methodology.METHODS As part of the scoping review process,we followed the guidelines established by the Joanna Briggs Institute.The search databases were Google Scholar,PubMed,Scopus,PsycINFO,Reference Citation Analysis(https://www.referencecitation-analysis.com/),and Cochrane Library.From these databases,77 articles were retrieved with the aid of carefully selected search terms.However,19 studies were selected after two reviewers appraised the full texts to ensure that they are all eligible for inclusion,while 54 papers were excluded.RESULTS This study revealed that diabetic patients who had experienced homelessness were at higher risk of being diagnosed with mental illness and that social support services are impactful in the management of the comorbidity of diabetes and mental health problems.In addition,this review reveals that CTI is impactful in enhancing the mental health of homeless patients during the transitional period from the hospital through social support services.CONCLUSION CTI is a promising intervention for alleviating mental health symptoms in homeless patients.Empirical studies are needed across the globe,involving both hospitalized and community-based patients,to determine how clinically effectively CTI is in managing the mental health of diabetics.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> There are no known effective vaccines or drugs for curing the corona 19 virus infection as at present knowlede. This leaves the world with mainly controlling the source of infe...<strong>Background:</strong> There are no known effective vaccines or drugs for curing the corona 19 virus infection as at present knowlede. This leaves the world with mainly controlling the source of infection and cutting off the transmission route through preventive measures to contain the pandemic. These entail active participation of people, high level of discipline and strict and meticulous adoption of preventive measures. Since it is known that knowledge, precautionary behavior and active social participation of the public are important to control the pandemic, this study sets out to evaluate these in the antenatal population in Ebonyi State. <strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the Knowledge, attitude and practice of the respondents to the corona virus 19 infection and its prevention. <strong>Methods: </strong>A self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was administered to pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the chosen Mission hospitals and the only tertiary health institution that offer antenatal care to the bulk of antenatal population in the state. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel 2016. <strong>Result: </strong>The participants had very good knowledge of corona virus 19 infection and its prevention but there were some gaps and misconceptions in knowledge and some of their attitudes and perceptions that raised concerns. Their practice of corona virus 19 preventive measures was poor despite their good knowledge. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is need to fashion out programs and policies that will address the gaps and concerns unearthed in the study to enhance the protection of this vulnerable study population and the general public.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Globally, the rise in the rate of caesarean section is becomi...<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Globally, the rise in the rate of caesarean section is becoming a public health problem. This study examined the rate, indications and complications of caesarean section at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Subjects and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">six-year</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> retrospective study covering January 1</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2012 to December 31</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2017. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were identified from the theatre records and their case notes retrieved from the health information unit of the hospital. Information extracted includes sociodemographic data, indications and types of caesarean section performed and the complications. Data was collected using a structured proforma and entered into a secured personal computer. Data analysis was performed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by means of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Epi Info version 7. Results are presented in tables, means and simple percentages. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">During this period, a total of 11,215 deliveries were recorded at FETHA, of these, 3908 were delivered by CS giving a caesarean section rate of 34.8%. The mean age of the study subjects was 29.3 ± 5.03 years. Almost half (49.7%) of the patients were in the 20 - 29 age group. Multiparous women made up 36.0% while nulliparous women were 12.6%. T</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">he most common indication for an emergency caesarean section was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">failure</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to progres展开更多
Background: Post stroke depression (PSD) is the most common psychiatric complication following stroke. There has not been any study to demonstrate its burden in Abakaliki, Nigeria. It is against this backdrop that we ...Background: Post stroke depression (PSD) is the most common psychiatric complication following stroke. There has not been any study to demonstrate its burden in Abakaliki, Nigeria. It is against this backdrop that we embarked on this study of the frequency and pattern of PSD in Abakaliki Nigeria. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational hospital based study undertaken at the Adult Neurology Outpatient Clinics of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria from February 2021 to July 2021 (6 months period). Results: Amongst the 110 stroke survivors enrolled in the study, 36 (32.7%) had Post Stroke Depression (PSD) with preponderance of mild type. Female gender and young age were associated with the presence of PSD. Conclusion: Post stroke depression is prevalent amongst stroke survivors in Abakaliki, Nigeria and more preponderant in women and young individuals.展开更多
The need for replacement of highly priced soybean meal(SM)in fish diets with unconventional plant materials has become imperative for the sustainability of aquaculture production.This study addressed the effect of rep...The need for replacement of highly priced soybean meal(SM)in fish diets with unconventional plant materials has become imperative for the sustainability of aquaculture production.This study addressed the effect of replacing SM with discarded cashew nut meal(DCNM)on the liver and stomach histology in African catfish(Clarias gariepinus).Total 90 juveniles(24.83±1.52 g)were fed DCNM based diets,inclusion level of 0,50%and 100%.Fish were fed twice daily(8:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m.)at 5%body weight for 56 days.The histology of liver and the stomach were assessed.Histo-morphological changes of the liver tissue were moderate at 100%DCNM fed fish compared to 50%DCNM and control(0 DCNM).Photomicrograph of stomach of 50%DCNM fed fish showed normal histo-morphological features,while moderate to severe histological distortions were observed in the stomach of 100%DCNM fed fish.The findings of the present study showed that partial(50%)replacement of SM with DCNM had no adverse nutritional consequence while total(100%)replacement of SM with DCNM in the diet of C.gariepinus resulted to moderate histological distortions of the liver and stomach.展开更多
Fatliquor is an oil-in-water emulsion that improves the physical properties of leather such as tensile strength,flexibility,and softness by lubricating the leather fibres.Sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil was synthesized...Fatliquor is an oil-in-water emulsion that improves the physical properties of leather such as tensile strength,flexibility,and softness by lubricating the leather fibres.Sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil was synthesized,characterized,and examined for consideration as a substitute for imported fatliquor in Nigeria.The sulfonation of the oil was confirmed by the significant observations made in the FTIR,1 H NMR,13 C NMR,and 13 C NMR DEPT analysis results.A remarkable difference was observed in the physicochemical properties results of both unsulfonated and sulfonated oils.The sulfonated sesame fatliquor was applied onto goatskin and compared with a commercial sulfated fatliquor in the processing of shoe upper leather using standard methods.The average results for tensile strength,double edge tear,elongation,and softness results for the commercial and synthesized fatliquors are as follows:14.27 N/mm^(2);13.77 N/mm^(2),50.61N;60.11 N,38.06%;54.28%,25.2;25.0.A comparable level of lubrication of the leather treated with the sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil and that treated with the commercial leather fatliquor was revealed by the Sudan IV stain test as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis results.Experimental analyses,therefore,show that the as-synthesized sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil could be considered as a substitute for imported fatliquor in the leather industry.展开更多
This work demonstrates in practical terms the evolutionary concepts and computational applications of Parametric Curves.Specific cases were drawn from higher order parametric Bezier curves of degrees 2 and above.Bezie...This work demonstrates in practical terms the evolutionary concepts and computational applications of Parametric Curves.Specific cases were drawn from higher order parametric Bezier curves of degrees 2 and above.Bezier curves find real life applications in diverse areas of Engineering and Computer Science,such as computer graphics,robotics,animations,virtual reality,among others.Some of the evolutionary issues explored in this work are in the areas of parametric equations derivations,proof of related theorems,first and second order calculus related computations,among others.A Practical case is demonstrated using a graphical design,physical hand sketching,and programmatic implementation of two opposite-faced handless cups,all evolved using quadratic Bezier curves.The actual drawing was realized using web graphics canvas programming based on HTML 5 and JavaScript.This work will no doubt find relevance in computational researches in the areas of graphics,web programming,automated theorem proofs,robotic motions,among others.展开更多
文摘Background: Inadequate antenatal care, both in coverage and standard, has been linked with poor pregnancy outcomes. In a resource poor setting, home delivery is considered very cheap, but the possible outcome of such pregnancies has been a subject of interest. This study evaluated the association of booking status with pregnancy outcomes. Objectives: To examine the factors that influence booking and impact of the booking status on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective cohort study of 240 (120 booked and 120 un-booked) pregnant mothers selected through systematic random sampling. The study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria. Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.39 ± 5.05 years and 29.05 ± 6.36 years respectively for the booked and unbooked. Marital status (OR = 6.35, 95% CI = 1.24 - 32.59), educational status (OR = 36.40, 95% CI = 5.26-152.83), place of residence (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.06 - 0.41), partner’s support (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.37), family support (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.13), mode of delivery (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.12 - 0.46), APGAR score in first minute (OR = 6.02, 95% CI = 2.45 - 14.83) and NBICU admission (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.67 - 8.43) were associated with booked status. However, being unmarried, nulliparity/grandmultiparity, low level of education, blue colar jobs, low income, rural dwelling and poor partner and poor family support were associated with the unbooked. The booked parturients had a better perinatal outcome compared the unbooked. Conclusion/Recommendation: There was high prevalence of operative deliveries, perinatal morbidity and mortality among the unbooked mothers. Girl child education, employment and poverty alleviation would improve antenatal care utilization.
文摘In tropical countries, malaria and preeclampsia/eclampsia are common diseases of pregnancy;and placenta have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both disease processes. The two diseases have pathophysiologic similarities in the placenta such as placenta ischaemia, endothelial dysfunction and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine. Yet, there is paucity of studies on the association of these two disease processes. Determining the association between the two disease processes may help to unravel the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and also help in its prevention and patient management. Objective: Determined the association between placenta malaria parasitemia and preeclampsia/eclampsia among parturients at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study that was conducted in the Labour wards of department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA) and Mile 4 Missionary Hospital Abakaliki, a comprehensive health care centre in Abakaliki, Ebonyi state. It was conducted over a period of 6 months between 1<sup>st</sup> October 2021 and 31<sup>st</sup> March, 2022. The cases in this study were parturients that developed preeclampsia/eclampsia in the course of pregnancy, while the controls were parturient without preeclampsia/eclampsia. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrics and medical histories. Histological examinations were conducted to isolate plasmodium falciparum parasites from placenta samples obtained from the maternal surface of the placenta. The data was processed using Epi Info software. Categorical variables were analyzed using Mc Nemar X<sup>2</sup> test, with a p-value of 0.05 considered statistically significant. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of the association between placenta malaria parasites and preeclampsia/eclampsia was conducted. Relative risk with
文摘Introduction: Multiple pregnancies have a higher risk of premature delivery and a weakened cervix has been associated with it. In most cases, emergency cerclage has proved to be beneficial as the birth of the first twin is usually followed by the unavoidable delivery of the second twin and most fetus dies shortly after delivery. Studies have noted that delayed delivery of the second fetus in a twin pregnancy is an effective management choice and the use of cervical cerclage after the first delivery is associated with a longer inter-delivery interval. We present a case of previable premature rupture of membrane of a dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation leading to the loss of the leading twin and subsequently having emergency cervical cerclage for the second twin and caesarean delivery at term. Case Presentation: She was a case of a 29 years old, G<sub>6</sub>P<sub>1</sub><sup>+4</sup> with 1 living child at a gestational age of 17 weeks plus 5 days who initially was diagnosed with dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation following an early ultrasound but presented with a history of bleeding and passage of liquor per vaginam. Ultrasound done on admission showed cervical funneling and a stable state of the second twin. She subsequently had emergency cervical cerclage after stabilization on account of previable premature rupture of membrane of a dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation with the loss of the leading twin. A repeat ultrasound done prior to discharge showed closed cervical os and a good state of the fetus. She then had elective caesarean delivery at term with a good feto-maternal outcome. Conclusion: Emergency cervical cerclage should be part of the options of management after stabilization in cases of previable premature rupture of membrane in a dichorionic or multichoronic gestation so as to save the viable once.
文摘Aquaculture largely contributes to aquatic products and consequential dietary protein for many households.Aquaculture,just like every other food sector,is faced with enormous challenges such as unfavorable climatic events,environmental stressors and contaminants.Microplastics(MP)are emerging contaminants in aquaculture following their perturbing occurrence in cultured fish,fishmeal and aquafeed.Several MPs pathways into aquaculture facilities include wastewater,pipe-borne water,dilapidated aquaculture facilities,fish gears,and aquafeed stuff(fishmeal).Techniques for the digestion,identification and characterization of MPs are critical to understanding their pathways,bioavailability and bioaccumulation patterns in aquaculture species.The impacts of MPs on cultured fish species are identified as impaired growth,oxidative stress,neurotoxicity,reproductive toxicity,immunotoxicity,embryotoxicity,and histopathology.Bioaccumulation of MPs in tissues and biological systems have been evidenced in several cultured fishes.Mitigation efforts cum strategies such as upgrade of wastewater treatment facilities,screening of inlet pond water,screening of aquafeed stuff,regular maintenance and repair of culture facilities,could be effective to eradicate MP contamination in aquaculture.Additionally,regulatory policy on the use of plastics is key to mitigating the impact of MPs and ensure cleaner and sustainable aquaculture.
文摘BACKGROUND: Pain management following caesarean section still remains a challenge in our environment. Most potent analgesics are either not readily available or expensive. Diclofenac suppository is an NSAID that can be used for postoperative analgesia. It is available and affordable. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of combined rectal diclofenac and intramuscular pentazocine with intramuscular pentazocine alone for post operative pain control following lower segment caesarean section. METHODOLOGY: A total of 120 women who met the selection criteria scheduled for caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine were randomized into two equal groups to receive either 75 mg diclofenac suppository 12 hourly for 24 hours or one anusol suppository (the placebo) 12 hourly for 24 hours. Both groups received pentazocine as primary analgesia. RESULT: The primary outcome measure is the proportion of patients with severe pain at 24 hours using the visual analogue rating scale. Secondary outcome measures are the time from surgery to ambulation, Passage of flatus, maternal satisfaction and presence of complications. Statistical analysis was done using spss version 22 and graph pad statistical package. Student T-test was used for continuous variables whereas chi square was used for categorical variables P CONCLUSION: Adjuvant rectal diclofenac is superior to pentazocine alone in the management of pain after caesarean section. Less number of patients had moderate to severe pain at 24 hours post operation. Maternal satisfaction in relation to pain management is better with diclofenac suppository. The levels of complications were comparable in both groups.
文摘Background: Episiotomy is a very common obstetric surgery, and it could be associated with serious complications. However, these complications largely are not noticed due to the shift of attention from mother to baby, after a successful delivery. Objective: To identify the morbidities associated with episiotomies and factors associated with such morbidities. Method: This was a questionnaire based cross sectional descriptive study among women who attended the Obstetric Department of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State, between 1st July and 31st Nov, 2023. The study population consisted of parturients who had episiotomies in their previous confinements, attending either the antenatal clinic or the postnatal clinic at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State. Results: Macrosomia was the most common indication of episiotomy at a rate of 31.6%. The majority of episiotomies were performed on the parturients in their first confinement at a rate of 64.5% and the majority of repairs were performed by the Registrar at a rate of 65.0%. Informed consent was obtained from 45.79% of parturients while 54.21% were not informed before the episiotomy was administered. Only 55.3% of the parturient received analgesia before episiotomy was administered. The majority of the parturients had their episiotomy repaired between 10 - 15 minutes at a rate of 40.3%. Postoperative pain at the rate of 44.5% was the most common complication and dyspareunia as a form of sexual complication was the commonest at a rate of 31.3%. Conclusion: The parturient needs to be properly counselled before administration of episiotomy and adequate analgesia should be given, as episiotomy is a surgical procedure. Proper training of health workers on both the technique of administering and repairing episiotomy is important. Restrictive use of routine episiotomy in primigravidae is advised to reduce the rate of episiotomy.
文摘Background: An abnormal vaginal discharge is a common complaint among women of reproductive age, and it can indicate serious conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease and cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age group in Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 368 women of reproductive age group attending the clinic at Federal University Teaching Hospital Owerri, in Imo State, Nigeria. Respondents were recruited using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge. Statistical significance was set at p Results: The mean age of the respondents was 30 ± 4.5 years. Predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge were: age 36 - 45 years (OR: 4.5;95% C.I: 1.023 - 8.967, p = 0.041), being a student (OR: 2.4: 95% C.I: 1.496 - 7.336, p = 0.003), use of oral contraceptives (OR: 3.4;95% C.I: 1.068 - 6.932, p = 0.010), use of water cistern (OR: 4.7;C.I: 1.654 - 5.210, p = 0.028) anal hygiene practices (OR: 2.7;95% C.I: 1.142 - 4.809, p Conclusion: These findings suggest that targeted sexual and reproductive health interventions should be provided to reduce the risk of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age group.
基金Partially supported by a grant from Abbott Medical Optics
文摘AIM： To evaluate and compare the efficacy of the astigmatic correction achieved with laser in situ keratomileusis（LASIK） in eyes with myopic astigmatism using wavefront-guided（WFG） and wavefront-optimized（WFO） ablation profiles.METHODS： Prospective study included 221 eyes undergoing LASIK： 99 and 122 eyes with low and moderate myopic astigmatism（low and moderate myopia groups）.Two subgroups were differentiated in each group according to the ablation profile： WFG subgroup,109 eyes（45/64,low/moderate myopia groups） treated using the Advanced Custom Vue platform（Abbott Medical Optics Inc.）,and WFO subgroup,112 eyes（54/58,low/moderate myopia groups） treated using the EX-500 platform（Alcon）.Clinical outcomes were evaluated during a 6-month follow-up,including a vector analysis of astigmatic changes.RESULTS： Significantly better postoperative uncorrected visual acuity and efficacy index was found in the WFG subgroups of each group（P≤0.041）.Postoperative spherical equivalent and cylinder were significantly higher in WFO subgroups（P≤0.003）.In moderate myopia group,a higher percentage of eyes with a postoperative cylinder ≤0.25 D was found in the WFG subgroup（90.6% vs 65.5%,P=0.002）.In low and moderate myopia groups,the difference vector was significantly higher in the WFO subgroup compared to WFG（P〈0.001）.In moderate myopia group,the magnitude（P=0.008） and angle of error（P〈0.001） were also significantly higher in the WFO subgroup.Significantlyless induction of high order aberrations were found with WFG treatments in both low and moderate myopia groups（P≤0.006）.CONCLUSION： A more efficacious correction of myopic astigmatism providing a better visual outcome is achieved with WFG LASIK compared to WFO LASIK.
文摘Purpose: To compare target dose distribution and dose to normal tissue for brain tumors using intensity-modulated and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Methods and Materials: Twelve patients selected in the present study compared the dosimetry of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) techniques in patients treated with different diagnosis brain tumor. All patients underwent computed tomography planning in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging fusion. Prescription dose and normal-tissue constraints were identical for both plans. The tolerance level for maximum dose was 6.0 Gy for lenses and 54.0 Gy for brain stem, and optical nerves. Target coverage was evaluated with the D98%, D95% and D2%. Normal tissue dose was evaluated with the maximum dose to lenses, brain stem, and optical nerves. Results: Mean and standard deviation values of PTV 98%, PTV 95% and PTV 2% in IMRT these values were 94.6 ± 2.3, 96.56 ± 1.67 and 106.5 ± 1.87 respectively;for 3DCRT were 92.7 ± 3.09, 95.58 ± 1.24 and 104.45 ± 2.73 respectively. IMRT plan provided reduced dose to brainstem (72.17 ± 29.967) and lenses (2.43 ± 2.39) relative to the 3DCRT plans for brainstem (73.05 ± 34.59) and lenses (7.65 ± 23.24). But optic nerves with IMRT significantly received higher doses (38.86 ± 32.15) than 3D-CRT (27.57 ± 31.45). Conclusion: Dose coverage of the planning target volume (PTV) and organ at risk (OAR) was better with IMRT. If PTV is distant to optical nerves and brainstem 3DCRT technique can be applied, and if the PTV is nearby OAR intensity-modulated treatment technique should be used.
文摘The speed of spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 led to global lockdowns and disruptions in the academic sector.The study examined the impact of mobile technology on physics education during lockdowns.Data were collected through an online survey and later evaluated using regression tools,frequency,and an analysis of variance(ANOVA).The findings revealed that the usage of mobile technology had statistically significant effects on physics instructors’and students’academics during the coronavirus lockdown.Most of the participants admitted that the use of mobile technologies such as smartphones,laptops,PDAs,Zoom,mobile apps,etc.were very useful and helpful for continued education amid the pandemic restrictions.Online teaching is very effective during lock-down with smartphones and laptops on different platforms.The paper brings the limelight to the growing power of mobile technology solutions in physics education.
文摘Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.
文摘As an aspect of human capital,a positive association exists amongst health,productivity,and growth in output per capita.On the other hand,social infrastructure defined by the institution of governance has a direct effect on the environment upon which productive activities take place to determine outcomes.Nigeria like most African countries is bedevilled by the high prevalence of inadequate health financing and poor governance.Health financing for Nigeria consistently has fallen short of the AU health funding commitment of 15%of annual budgetary allocation to the health sector.Secondly,poor governance conditions available resources and shape the state of infrastructure,particularly health infrastructure and socioeconomic conditions.In turn,this determines individuals’level of exposure to health risks and their capacity to actively contribute to productive activity for growth stimulation and sustainability.Against this backdrop,this study added to the existing literature in the context of Nigeria,by theoretically applying the Solow augmented Mankiw-Romer-Weil structural model in the examination of the impact of government size and governance quality in the health sector,on economic growth.Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL)model was adopted in the estimation.Findings show that governance quality adversely affects growth and this reduces the capacity of health spending to stimulate growth by an almost equal margin.As a result,this study recommends legislative backing to the AU health funding commitment in Nigeria.
文摘In this paper, we characterize lower semi-continuous pseudo-convex functions f : X → R ∪ {+ ∞} on convex subset of real Banach spaces K ⊂ X with respect to the pseudo-monotonicity of its Clarke-Rockafellar Sub-differential. We extend the results on the characterizations of non-smooth convex functions f : X → R ∪ {+ ∞} on convex subset of real Banach spaces K ⊂ X with respect to the monotonicity of its sub-differentials to the lower semi-continuous pseudo-convex functions on real Banach spaces.
文摘BACKGROUND Critical time intervention(CTI)is an evidence-based model of practice that is time-limited and aims to provide support for most susceptible individuals during a transition period.AIM To examine the significance of fostering the mental health of diabetes patients through CTI using the scoping review methodology.METHODS As part of the scoping review process,we followed the guidelines established by the Joanna Briggs Institute.The search databases were Google Scholar,PubMed,Scopus,PsycINFO,Reference Citation Analysis(https://www.referencecitation-analysis.com/),and Cochrane Library.From these databases,77 articles were retrieved with the aid of carefully selected search terms.However,19 studies were selected after two reviewers appraised the full texts to ensure that they are all eligible for inclusion,while 54 papers were excluded.RESULTS This study revealed that diabetic patients who had experienced homelessness were at higher risk of being diagnosed with mental illness and that social support services are impactful in the management of the comorbidity of diabetes and mental health problems.In addition,this review reveals that CTI is impactful in enhancing the mental health of homeless patients during the transitional period from the hospital through social support services.CONCLUSION CTI is a promising intervention for alleviating mental health symptoms in homeless patients.Empirical studies are needed across the globe,involving both hospitalized and community-based patients,to determine how clinically effectively CTI is in managing the mental health of diabetics.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> There are no known effective vaccines or drugs for curing the corona 19 virus infection as at present knowlede. This leaves the world with mainly controlling the source of infection and cutting off the transmission route through preventive measures to contain the pandemic. These entail active participation of people, high level of discipline and strict and meticulous adoption of preventive measures. Since it is known that knowledge, precautionary behavior and active social participation of the public are important to control the pandemic, this study sets out to evaluate these in the antenatal population in Ebonyi State. <strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the Knowledge, attitude and practice of the respondents to the corona virus 19 infection and its prevention. <strong>Methods: </strong>A self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was administered to pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the chosen Mission hospitals and the only tertiary health institution that offer antenatal care to the bulk of antenatal population in the state. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel 2016. <strong>Result: </strong>The participants had very good knowledge of corona virus 19 infection and its prevention but there were some gaps and misconceptions in knowledge and some of their attitudes and perceptions that raised concerns. Their practice of corona virus 19 preventive measures was poor despite their good knowledge. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is need to fashion out programs and policies that will address the gaps and concerns unearthed in the study to enhance the protection of this vulnerable study population and the general public.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Globally, the rise in the rate of caesarean section is becoming a public health problem. This study examined the rate, indications and complications of caesarean section at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Subjects and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">six-year</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> retrospective study covering January 1</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2012 to December 31</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2017. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were identified from the theatre records and their case notes retrieved from the health information unit of the hospital. Information extracted includes sociodemographic data, indications and types of caesarean section performed and the complications. Data was collected using a structured proforma and entered into a secured personal computer. Data analysis was performed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by means of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Epi Info version 7. Results are presented in tables, means and simple percentages. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">During this period, a total of 11,215 deliveries were recorded at FETHA, of these, 3908 were delivered by CS giving a caesarean section rate of 34.8%. The mean age of the study subjects was 29.3 ± 5.03 years. Almost half (49.7%) of the patients were in the 20 - 29 age group. Multiparous women made up 36.0% while nulliparous women were 12.6%. T</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">he most common indication for an emergency caesarean section was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">failure</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to progres
文摘Background: Post stroke depression (PSD) is the most common psychiatric complication following stroke. There has not been any study to demonstrate its burden in Abakaliki, Nigeria. It is against this backdrop that we embarked on this study of the frequency and pattern of PSD in Abakaliki Nigeria. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational hospital based study undertaken at the Adult Neurology Outpatient Clinics of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria from February 2021 to July 2021 (6 months period). Results: Amongst the 110 stroke survivors enrolled in the study, 36 (32.7%) had Post Stroke Depression (PSD) with preponderance of mild type. Female gender and young age were associated with the presence of PSD. Conclusion: Post stroke depression is prevalent amongst stroke survivors in Abakaliki, Nigeria and more preponderant in women and young individuals.
文摘The need for replacement of highly priced soybean meal(SM)in fish diets with unconventional plant materials has become imperative for the sustainability of aquaculture production.This study addressed the effect of replacing SM with discarded cashew nut meal(DCNM)on the liver and stomach histology in African catfish(Clarias gariepinus).Total 90 juveniles(24.83±1.52 g)were fed DCNM based diets,inclusion level of 0,50%and 100%.Fish were fed twice daily(8:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m.)at 5%body weight for 56 days.The histology of liver and the stomach were assessed.Histo-morphological changes of the liver tissue were moderate at 100%DCNM fed fish compared to 50%DCNM and control(0 DCNM).Photomicrograph of stomach of 50%DCNM fed fish showed normal histo-morphological features,while moderate to severe histological distortions were observed in the stomach of 100%DCNM fed fish.The findings of the present study showed that partial(50%)replacement of SM with DCNM had no adverse nutritional consequence while total(100%)replacement of SM with DCNM in the diet of C.gariepinus resulted to moderate histological distortions of the liver and stomach.
基金This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors.
文摘Fatliquor is an oil-in-water emulsion that improves the physical properties of leather such as tensile strength,flexibility,and softness by lubricating the leather fibres.Sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil was synthesized,characterized,and examined for consideration as a substitute for imported fatliquor in Nigeria.The sulfonation of the oil was confirmed by the significant observations made in the FTIR,1 H NMR,13 C NMR,and 13 C NMR DEPT analysis results.A remarkable difference was observed in the physicochemical properties results of both unsulfonated and sulfonated oils.The sulfonated sesame fatliquor was applied onto goatskin and compared with a commercial sulfated fatliquor in the processing of shoe upper leather using standard methods.The average results for tensile strength,double edge tear,elongation,and softness results for the commercial and synthesized fatliquors are as follows:14.27 N/mm^(2);13.77 N/mm^(2),50.61N;60.11 N,38.06%;54.28%,25.2;25.0.A comparable level of lubrication of the leather treated with the sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil and that treated with the commercial leather fatliquor was revealed by the Sudan IV stain test as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis results.Experimental analyses,therefore,show that the as-synthesized sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil could be considered as a substitute for imported fatliquor in the leather industry.
文摘This work demonstrates in practical terms the evolutionary concepts and computational applications of Parametric Curves.Specific cases were drawn from higher order parametric Bezier curves of degrees 2 and above.Bezier curves find real life applications in diverse areas of Engineering and Computer Science,such as computer graphics,robotics,animations,virtual reality,among others.Some of the evolutionary issues explored in this work are in the areas of parametric equations derivations,proof of related theorems,first and second order calculus related computations,among others.A Practical case is demonstrated using a graphical design,physical hand sketching,and programmatic implementation of two opposite-faced handless cups,all evolved using quadratic Bezier curves.The actual drawing was realized using web graphics canvas programming based on HTML 5 and JavaScript.This work will no doubt find relevance in computational researches in the areas of graphics,web programming,automated theorem proofs,robotic motions,among others.
