We aim to evaluate the incidence of incontinence following laser endoscopic enucleation of the prostate(EEP)comparing en-bloc(Group 1)versus 2-lobe/3-lobe techniques(Group 2).We performed a retrospective review of pat...We aim to evaluate the incidence of incontinence following laser endoscopic enucleation of the prostate(EEP)comparing en-bloc(Group 1)versus 2-lobe/3-lobe techniques(Group 2).We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing EEP for benign prostaticenlargement in 12 centers between January 2020 and January 2022.Data were presented as median and interquartile range(IQR).Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with stress urinary incontinence(SUI)and mixed urinary incontinence(MUI).There were 1711 patients in Group 1 and 3357 patients in Group 2.Patients in Group 2were significantly younger(68[62–73]years vs 69[63–74]years,P=0.002).Median(interquartile range)prostate volume(PV)wassimilar between the groups(70[52–92]ml in Group 1 vs 70[54–90]ml in Group 2,P=0.774).There was no difference in preoperativeInternational Prostate Symptom Score,quality of life,or maximum flow rate.Enucleation,morcellation,and total surgical time weresignificantly shorter in Group 1.Within 1 month,overall incontinence rate was 6.3%in Group 1 versus 5.3%in Group 2(P=0.12),and urge incontinence was significantly higher in Group 1(55.1%vs 37.3%in Group 2,P<0.001).After 3 months,the overall rate ofincontinence was 1.7%in Group 1 versus 2.3%in Group 2(P=0.06),and SUI was significantly higher in Group 2(55.6%vs 24.1%in Group 1,P=0.002).At multivariable analysis,PV and IPSS were factors significantly associated with higher odds of transient SUI/MUI.PV,surgical time,and no early apical release technique were factors associated with higher odds of persistent SUI/MUI.展开更多
In line with recent studies,where it has been shown that nanofluids containing graphene have a stronger capacity to boost the heat transfer coefficient with respect to ordinary nanofluids,experiments have been conducted ...In line with recent studies,where it has been shown that nanofluids containing graphene have a stronger capacity to boost the heat transfer coefficient with respect to ordinary nanofluids,experiments have been conducted using water with cobalt ferrite/graphene nanoparticles.In particular,a circular channel made of copper subjected to a constant heatflux has been considered.As nanoparticles are sensitive to the presence of a magneticfield,different conditions have been examined,allowing both the strength and the frequency of such afield to span relatively wide ranges and assuming different concentrations of nanoparticles.According to thefindings,the addition of nanoparticles to thefluid causes its rotation speed to increase by a factor of two,whereas ultraviolet radiation plays a negligible role.The amount of time required to attain the maximum rotation speed of the nanofluid and the Nusselt number have been measured under both constant and alternating magneticfields for a ferrofluid with a concentration of 0.5%and atflow Reynolds number of 550 and 1750.展开更多
In this study,the gravitational deflection angle of photons in the weak field limit(or the weak deflection angle)and shadow cast by the electrically charged and spherically symmetric static Kiselev black hole(BH)in th...In this study,the gravitational deflection angle of photons in the weak field limit(or the weak deflection angle)and shadow cast by the electrically charged and spherically symmetric static Kiselev black hole(BH)in the string cloud background are investigated.The influences of the BH charge Q,quintessence parameterγ,and string cloud parameter a on the weak deflection angle are studied using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem.in addition to studying the influences on the radius of photon spheres and size of the BH shadow in the spacetime geometry of the chargedKiselev BH in string clouds.Moreover,we study the effects of plasma(uniform and non-uniform)on the weak deflection angle and shadow cast by the charged-Kiselev BH surrounded by the clouds of strings.In the presence of a uniform/nonuniform plasma medium,an increase in the string cloud parameter a increases the deflection angleα.In contrast,a decrease in the BH charge Q decreases the deflection angle.Further,we observe that an increase in the BH charge Q causes a decrease in the size of the shadow of the BH.We notice that,with an increase in the values of the parametersγand a,the size of the BH shadow increases,and therefore,the intensity of the gravitational field around the charged-Kiselev BH in string clouds increases.Thus,the gravitational field of the charged-Kiselev BH in the string cloud background is stronger than the field produced by the pure Reissner-Nordstrom BH.Moreover,we use the data released by the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)collaboration,for the supermassive BHs M87*and Sgr A*,to obtain constraints on the values of the parametersγand a.展开更多
We consider two models of interacting DNA molecules:First is(four parametric)bubble coalescence model in interacting DNAs(shortly:BCI-DNA).Second is(three parametric)bubble coalescence model in a condensed DNA molecul...We consider two models of interacting DNA molecules:First is(four parametric)bubble coalescence model in interacting DNAs(shortly:BCI-DNA).Second is(three parametric)bubble coalescence model in a condensed DNA molecules(shortly BCC-DNA).To study bubble coalescence thermodynamics of BCI-DNA and BCC-DNA models we use methods of statistical physics.Namely,we define Hamiltonian of each model and give their translation-invariant Gibbs measures(TIGMs).For the first model,we find parameters such that corresponding Hamiltonian has up to three TIGMs(three phases of system)biologically meaning existence of three states:“No bubble coalescence”,“Dominated soft zone”,“Bubble coalescence”.For the second model,we show that for any(admissible)parameters,this model has unique TIGM.This is a state where“No bubble coalescence”phasedominates.展开更多
The effect of spacetime curvature on photon motion may offer an opportunity to propose new tests on gravity theories.In this study,we investigate and focus on the massless(photon)particle motion around blackbounce gra...The effect of spacetime curvature on photon motion may offer an opportunity to propose new tests on gravity theories.In this study,we investigate and focus on the massless(photon)particle motion around blackbounce gravity.We analyze the horizon structure around a gravitational compact object described by black-bounce spacetime.The photon motion and the effect of gravitational weak lensing in vacuum and plasma are discussed,and the shadow radius of the compact object is also studied in black-bounce spacetime.Additionally,the magnification of the image is studied using the deflection angle of light rays.展开更多
In this study,the optical properties of a renormalization group improved(RGI)Schwarzschild black hole(BH)are investigated in a plasma medium.Beginning with the equations of motion in a plasma medium,we aim to present ...In this study,the optical properties of a renormalization group improved(RGI)Schwarzschild black hole(BH)are investigated in a plasma medium.Beginning with the equations of motion in a plasma medium,we aim to present the modifications in the shadow radius of the RGI BH.To this end,we compute the deflection angle of light in the weak gravity regime for uniform and non-uniform plasma media.Importantly,owing to the plasma media,we discover that the equations of motion for light obtained from the radiating and infalling/rest gas have to be modified.This,in turn,changes and modifies the expression for the intensity observed far away from the BH.Finally,we obtain the shadow images for the RGI BH for different plasma models.Although quantum effects change the background geometry,such effects are minimal,and practically detecting these effects using the current technology based on supermassive BH shadows is impossible.The parameterΩencodes the quantum effects,and in principle,one expects such quantum effects to play significant roles only for very small BHs.However,the effects of plasma media can play an important role in the optical appearance of BHs,as they affect and modify the equations of motion.展开更多
We study the particle motion around a black hole(BH)in Horava-Lifshitz(HL)gravity with the Kehagias-Sfetsos(KS)parameter.First,the innermost stable circular orbit(ISCO)is obtained for massive particles around the BH i...We study the particle motion around a black hole(BH)in Horava-Lifshitz(HL)gravity with the Kehagias-Sfetsos(KS)parameter.First,the innermost stable circular orbit(ISCO)is obtained for massive particles around the BH in HL gravity.We find that the radii of the ISCOs decrease as the KS parameter decreases,meaning that the parameterΩcauses the orbits of particles to move inward with respect to that of the Schwarzschild BH case.Then,the optical properties of a KS BH are studied in detail,that is,the BH shadow and gravitational weak lensing.We demonstrate that the size of the BH shadow decreases under the influence of the KS parameter.展开更多
In this study,we observe that,in the presence of the string cloud parameter a and the quintessence parameterγ,with the equation of state parameter,ω_(q) = -2/3the radius of the shadow of the Schwarzschild black hole...In this study,we observe that,in the presence of the string cloud parameter a and the quintessence parameterγ,with the equation of state parameter,ω_(q) = -2/3the radius of the shadow of the Schwarzschild black hole increases as compared with that in the pure Schwarzschild black hole case.The existence of both quintessential dark energy and the cloud of strings increases the shadow size;hence,the strength of the gravitational field around the Schwarzschild black hole increases.Using the data collected by the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)collaboration for M87*and Sgr A*,we obtain upper bounds on the values of a andγ.Further,we see the effects of a andγon the rate of emission energy for the Schwarzschild black hole.We notice that the rate of emission energy is higher in the presence of clouds of strings and quintessence.Moreover,we study the weak deflection angle using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem.We show the influence of a andγon the weak deflection angle.We notice that both a andγincrease the deflection angleα.展开更多
This paper deals with a discrete-time dynamical system generated by a modified susceptible-infected-recovered-dead model(SIRD model;nonlinear operator)in threedimensional simplex.We introduce a novel approach that inc...This paper deals with a discrete-time dynamical system generated by a modified susceptible-infected-recovered-dead model(SIRD model;nonlinear operator)in threedimensional simplex.We introduce a novel approach that incorporates the SIRD model with the quadratic stochastic operator(QSO)that allows for real-time forecasting.The basic reproductive number Ro is obtained.We describe the set of fixed points of the operator and demonstrate that all fixed points are non-hyperbolic.Further,we study the asymptotical behavior of the trajectories of this system and show that SIRD operators havea regularity property.展开更多
This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla,seven classes,26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated.Taxa in this study were coll...This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla,seven classes,26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated.Taxa in this study were collected from Australia,Brazil,Burkina Faso,Chile,China,Cyprus,Egypt,France,French Guiana,India,Indonesia,Italy,Laos,Mexico,Russia,Sri Lanka,Thailand,and Vietnam.There are 59 new taxa,39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination.The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense,Asterina lopi,Asterina brigadeirensis,Bartalinia bidenticola,Bartalinia caryotae,Buellia pruinocalcarea,Coltricia insularis,Colletotrichum fexuosum,Colletotrichum thasutense,Coniochaeta caraganae,Coniothyrium yuccicola,Dematipyriforma aquatic,Dematipyriforma globispora,Dematipyriforma nilotica,Distoseptispora bambusicola,Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis,Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis,Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis,Fusarium purpurea,Gerronema atrovirens,Gerronema favum,Gerronema keralense,Gerronema kuruvense,Grammothele taiwanensis,Hongkongmyces changchunensis,Hypoxylon inaequale,Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum,Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum,Kirschsteiniothelia extensum,Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum,Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum,Lecanora immersocalcarea,Lepiota subthailandica,Lindgomyces guizhouensis,Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus,Marasmius tangerinus,Neovaginatispora mangiferae,Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum,Pestalotiopsis piraubensis,Phacidium chinaum,Phaeoisaria goiasensis,Phaeoseptum thailandicum,Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum,Pseudocercospora vernoniae,Pyrenophora verruculosa,Rhachomyces cruralis,Rhachomyces hyperommae,Rhachomyces magrinii,Rhachomyces platyprosophi,Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum,Skeletocutis cangshanensis,Skeletocutis subchrysella,Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae,Tetraploa dashaoensis,Tomentella exiguelata,Tomentella fuscoaraneosa,Tricholomopsis lechatii,Vaginatispora favispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea.The new combination is Torula sundara.The 39 new records on ho展开更多
We study the Leibniz n-algebra U_(n)(L),whose multiplication is defined via the bracket of a Leibniz algebra L as[x1,…,xn]=[x1,[…,[xn−2,[xn−1,xn]]…]].We show that U_(n)(L)is simple if and only if L is a simple Lie ...We study the Leibniz n-algebra U_(n)(L),whose multiplication is defined via the bracket of a Leibniz algebra L as[x1,…,xn]=[x1,[…,[xn−2,[xn−1,xn]]…]].We show that U_(n)(L)is simple if and only if L is a simple Lie algebra.An analog of Levi's theorem for Leibniz algebras in U_(n)(Lb)is established and it is proven that the Leibniz n-kernel of U_(n)(L)for any semisimple Leibniz algebra L is the n-algebra U_(n)(L).展开更多
文摘We aim to evaluate the incidence of incontinence following laser endoscopic enucleation of the prostate(EEP)comparing en-bloc(Group 1)versus 2-lobe/3-lobe techniques(Group 2).We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing EEP for benign prostaticenlargement in 12 centers between January 2020 and January 2022.Data were presented as median and interquartile range(IQR).Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with stress urinary incontinence(SUI)and mixed urinary incontinence(MUI).There were 1711 patients in Group 1 and 3357 patients in Group 2.Patients in Group 2were significantly younger(68[62–73]years vs 69[63–74]years,P=0.002).Median(interquartile range)prostate volume(PV)wassimilar between the groups(70[52–92]ml in Group 1 vs 70[54–90]ml in Group 2,P=0.774).There was no difference in preoperativeInternational Prostate Symptom Score,quality of life,or maximum flow rate.Enucleation,morcellation,and total surgical time weresignificantly shorter in Group 1.Within 1 month,overall incontinence rate was 6.3%in Group 1 versus 5.3%in Group 2(P=0.12),and urge incontinence was significantly higher in Group 1(55.1%vs 37.3%in Group 2,P<0.001).After 3 months,the overall rate ofincontinence was 1.7%in Group 1 versus 2.3%in Group 2(P=0.06),and SUI was significantly higher in Group 2(55.6%vs 24.1%in Group 1,P=0.002).At multivariable analysis,PV and IPSS were factors significantly associated with higher odds of transient SUI/MUI.PV,surgical time,and no early apical release technique were factors associated with higher odds of persistent SUI/MUI.
文摘In line with recent studies,where it has been shown that nanofluids containing graphene have a stronger capacity to boost the heat transfer coefficient with respect to ordinary nanofluids,experiments have been conducted using water with cobalt ferrite/graphene nanoparticles.In particular,a circular channel made of copper subjected to a constant heatflux has been considered.As nanoparticles are sensitive to the presence of a magneticfield,different conditions have been examined,allowing both the strength and the frequency of such afield to span relatively wide ranges and assuming different concentrations of nanoparticles.According to thefindings,the addition of nanoparticles to thefluid causes its rotation speed to increase by a factor of two,whereas ultraviolet radiation plays a negligible role.The amount of time required to attain the maximum rotation speed of the nanofluid and the Nusselt number have been measured under both constant and alternating magneticfields for a ferrofluid with a concentration of 0.5%and atflow Reynolds number of 550 and 1750.
基金Partly supported by the Uzbekistan Ministry for Innovative Development(FZ-20200929344 and F-FA-2021-510)supported by Postdoctoral Fellowship of Zhejiang Normal University(ZC304022919)。
文摘In this study,the gravitational deflection angle of photons in the weak field limit(or the weak deflection angle)and shadow cast by the electrically charged and spherically symmetric static Kiselev black hole(BH)in the string cloud background are investigated.The influences of the BH charge Q,quintessence parameterγ,and string cloud parameter a on the weak deflection angle are studied using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem.in addition to studying the influences on the radius of photon spheres and size of the BH shadow in the spacetime geometry of the chargedKiselev BH in string clouds.Moreover,we study the effects of plasma(uniform and non-uniform)on the weak deflection angle and shadow cast by the charged-Kiselev BH surrounded by the clouds of strings.In the presence of a uniform/nonuniform plasma medium,an increase in the string cloud parameter a increases the deflection angleα.In contrast,a decrease in the BH charge Q decreases the deflection angle.Further,we observe that an increase in the BH charge Q causes a decrease in the size of the shadow of the BH.We notice that,with an increase in the values of the parametersγand a,the size of the BH shadow increases,and therefore,the intensity of the gravitational field around the charged-Kiselev BH in string clouds increases.Thus,the gravitational field of the charged-Kiselev BH in the string cloud background is stronger than the field produced by the pure Reissner-Nordstrom BH.Moreover,we use the data released by the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)collaboration,for the supermassive BHs M87*and Sgr A*,to obtain constraints on the values of the parametersγand a.
基金supported by a grant from the IMU-CDC and the fundamental project(number:F-FA-2021-425)of The Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
文摘We consider two models of interacting DNA molecules:First is(four parametric)bubble coalescence model in interacting DNAs(shortly:BCI-DNA).Second is(three parametric)bubble coalescence model in a condensed DNA molecules(shortly BCC-DNA).To study bubble coalescence thermodynamics of BCI-DNA and BCC-DNA models we use methods of statistical physics.Namely,we define Hamiltonian of each model and give their translation-invariant Gibbs measures(TIGMs).For the first model,we find parameters such that corresponding Hamiltonian has up to three TIGMs(three phases of system)biologically meaning existence of three states:“No bubble coalescence”,“Dominated soft zone”,“Bubble coalescence”.For the second model,we show that for any(admissible)parameters,this model has unique TIGM.This is a state where“No bubble coalescence”phasedominates.
基金Supported by Grant F-FA-2021-510 of the Uzbekistan Ministry for Innovative Development。
文摘The effect of spacetime curvature on photon motion may offer an opportunity to propose new tests on gravity theories.In this study,we investigate and focus on the massless(photon)particle motion around blackbounce gravity.We analyze the horizon structure around a gravitational compact object described by black-bounce spacetime.The photon motion and the effect of gravitational weak lensing in vacuum and plasma are discussed,and the shadow radius of the compact object is also studied in black-bounce spacetime.Additionally,the magnification of the image is studied using the deflection angle of light rays.
基金supported by the following grants of the Uzbekistan Ministry for Innovative Development:Research Grant(FZ-20200929344 and F-FA-2021-510)。
文摘In this study,the optical properties of a renormalization group improved(RGI)Schwarzschild black hole(BH)are investigated in a plasma medium.Beginning with the equations of motion in a plasma medium,we aim to present the modifications in the shadow radius of the RGI BH.To this end,we compute the deflection angle of light in the weak gravity regime for uniform and non-uniform plasma media.Importantly,owing to the plasma media,we discover that the equations of motion for light obtained from the radiating and infalling/rest gas have to be modified.This,in turn,changes and modifies the expression for the intensity observed far away from the BH.Finally,we obtain the shadow images for the RGI BH for different plasma models.Although quantum effects change the background geometry,such effects are minimal,and practically detecting these effects using the current technology based on supermassive BH shadows is impossible.The parameterΩencodes the quantum effects,and in principle,one expects such quantum effects to play significant roles only for very small BHs.However,the effects of plasma media can play an important role in the optical appearance of BHs,as they affect and modify the equations of motion.
基金partly supported by Grants F-FA-2021-432,F-FA-2021-510,and MRB-2021-527 of the Ministry of Higher Education,Science and Innovations of the Republic of Uzbekistan
文摘We study the particle motion around a black hole(BH)in Horava-Lifshitz(HL)gravity with the Kehagias-Sfetsos(KS)parameter.First,the innermost stable circular orbit(ISCO)is obtained for massive particles around the BH in HL gravity.We find that the radii of the ISCOs decrease as the KS parameter decreases,meaning that the parameterΩcauses the orbits of particles to move inward with respect to that of the Schwarzschild BH case.Then,the optical properties of a KS BH are studied in detail,that is,the BH shadow and gravitational weak lensing.We demonstrate that the size of the BH shadow decreases under the influence of the KS parameter.
基金the Grant No.ZC304022919 to support his Postdoctoral Fellowship at Zhejiang Normal Universitythe support of Inha University in Tashkent and research work has been supported by the Visitor Research Fellowship at Zhejiang Normal Universitysupported by Research Grant FZ-20200929344,F-FA-2021-510 and F-FA-2021-432 of the Uzbekistan Ministry for Innovative Development。
文摘In this study,we observe that,in the presence of the string cloud parameter a and the quintessence parameterγ,with the equation of state parameter,ω_(q) = -2/3the radius of the shadow of the Schwarzschild black hole increases as compared with that in the pure Schwarzschild black hole case.The existence of both quintessential dark energy and the cloud of strings increases the shadow size;hence,the strength of the gravitational field around the Schwarzschild black hole increases.Using the data collected by the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)collaboration for M87*and Sgr A*,we obtain upper bounds on the values of a andγ.Further,we see the effects of a andγon the rate of emission energy for the Schwarzschild black hole.We notice that the rate of emission energy is higher in the presence of clouds of strings and quintessence.Moreover,we study the weak deflection angle using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem.We show the influence of a andγon the weak deflection angle.We notice that both a andγincrease the deflection angleα.
文摘This paper deals with a discrete-time dynamical system generated by a modified susceptible-infected-recovered-dead model(SIRD model;nonlinear operator)in threedimensional simplex.We introduce a novel approach that incorporates the SIRD model with the quadratic stochastic operator(QSO)that allows for real-time forecasting.The basic reproductive number Ro is obtained.We describe the set of fixed points of the operator and demonstrate that all fixed points are non-hyperbolic.Further,we study the asymptotical behavior of the trajectories of this system and show that SIRD operators havea regularity property.
文摘This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla,seven classes,26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated.Taxa in this study were collected from Australia,Brazil,Burkina Faso,Chile,China,Cyprus,Egypt,France,French Guiana,India,Indonesia,Italy,Laos,Mexico,Russia,Sri Lanka,Thailand,and Vietnam.There are 59 new taxa,39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination.The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense,Asterina lopi,Asterina brigadeirensis,Bartalinia bidenticola,Bartalinia caryotae,Buellia pruinocalcarea,Coltricia insularis,Colletotrichum fexuosum,Colletotrichum thasutense,Coniochaeta caraganae,Coniothyrium yuccicola,Dematipyriforma aquatic,Dematipyriforma globispora,Dematipyriforma nilotica,Distoseptispora bambusicola,Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis,Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis,Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis,Fusarium purpurea,Gerronema atrovirens,Gerronema favum,Gerronema keralense,Gerronema kuruvense,Grammothele taiwanensis,Hongkongmyces changchunensis,Hypoxylon inaequale,Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum,Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum,Kirschsteiniothelia extensum,Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum,Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum,Lecanora immersocalcarea,Lepiota subthailandica,Lindgomyces guizhouensis,Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus,Marasmius tangerinus,Neovaginatispora mangiferae,Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum,Pestalotiopsis piraubensis,Phacidium chinaum,Phaeoisaria goiasensis,Phaeoseptum thailandicum,Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum,Pseudocercospora vernoniae,Pyrenophora verruculosa,Rhachomyces cruralis,Rhachomyces hyperommae,Rhachomyces magrinii,Rhachomyces platyprosophi,Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum,Skeletocutis cangshanensis,Skeletocutis subchrysella,Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae,Tetraploa dashaoensis,Tomentella exiguelata,Tomentella fuscoaraneosa,Tricholomopsis lechatii,Vaginatispora favispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea.The new combination is Torula sundara.The 39 new records on ho
基金The first author was supported by the National Science Foundation(grant number 1658672),USA.
文摘We study the Leibniz n-algebra U_(n)(L),whose multiplication is defined via the bracket of a Leibniz algebra L as[x1,…,xn]=[x1,[…,[xn−2,[xn−1,xn]]…]].We show that U_(n)(L)is simple if and only if L is a simple Lie algebra.An analog of Levi's theorem for Leibniz algebras in U_(n)(Lb)is established and it is proven that the Leibniz n-kernel of U_(n)(L)for any semisimple Leibniz algebra L is the n-algebra U_(n)(L).
