Among different sources of alternate energy,wind and solar are two prominent and promising alternatives to meet the future electricity needs for mankind.Generally,these sources are integrated at the distribution utili...Among different sources of alternate energy,wind and solar are two prominent and promising alternatives to meet the future electricity needs for mankind.Generally,these sources are integrated at the distribution utilities to supply the local distribution customers.If the power generated by these sources is bulk,then they are either integrated at the distribution/transmission level or may be operated in an island mode if feasible.The integration of these renewables in the power network will change the fault level and network topologies.These fault levels are intermittent in nature and existing protection schemes may fail to operate because of their pre-set condition.Therefore,the design and selection of a proper protection scheme is very much essential for reliable control and operation of renewable integrated power systems.Depending upon the level of infeed and location of the renewable integration,the protection requirements are different.For low renewable infeed at the distribution level,the existing relay settings are immune from any small change in the network fault current from new incoming renewables.However,bulk renewable infeed requires modification in the existing protection schemes to accommodate the fault current variation from the incoming renewables.For bulk penetration of the renewable,the requirement of modified/additional protection schemes is unavoidable.Adaptive relaying and non-adaptive relaying schemes are discussed in the literature for protection of power networks,which are experiencing dynamic fault currents and frequent changing network topologies.This article presents a detailed review of protection schemes for renewable integrated power networks which includes distribution,transmission and microgrid systems.The merits and demerits of these protection schemes are also identified in this article for the added interest of the readers.The visible scope of advance protection schemes which may be suitable for providing reliable protection for dynamic fault current networks is also explored.展开更多
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is an uncommon disease characterized by focal or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, and is usually associated with dyspepsia, diarrhea and peripheral eos...Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is an uncommon disease characterized by focal or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, and is usually associated with dyspepsia, diarrhea and peripheral eosinophilia. Diffuse gastrointestinal tract and colonic involvement are uncommon. The endoscopic appearance may vary from normal to mucosal nodularity and ulceration. Gastrointestinal obstruction is unusual and is associated with predominantly muscular disease. We present five unusual cases of EG associated with gastric outlet and duodenal obstruction. Two cases presented with acute pancreatitis and one had a history of pancreatitis. Four cases responded well to medical therapy and one had recurrent gastric outlet obstruction that required surgery. Four out of the five cases had endoscopic and histological evidence of esophagitis and two had colitis. Two patients had ascites. These cases reaffirm that EG is a disorder with protean manifestations and may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. Gastric outlet and/or small bowel obstruction is an important though uncommon presentation of EG. It may also present as esophagitis, gastritis with polypoid lesions, ulcers or erosions, colitis and pancreatitis and may mimic malignancy.展开更多
During epididymal transit, spermatozoa acquire new proteins. Some of these newly acquired proteins behave as integral membrane proteins, including glycosylphosphatidylinositol （GPI）-anchored proteins. This suggests ...During epididymal transit, spermatozoa acquire new proteins. Some of these newly acquired proteins behave as integral membrane proteins, including glycosylphosphatidylinositol （GPI）-anchored proteins. This suggests that the secreted epididymal proteins are transferred to spermatozoa by an unusual mechanism. Within the epididymal lumen, spermatozoa interact with small membranous vesicles named epididymosomes. Many proteins are associated with epididymosomes and the protein composition of these vesicles varies along the excurrent duct and differs from soluble intraluminal proteins. Some epididymosome-associated proteins have been identified and their functions in sperm maturation hypothesized. These include P25b, a zona pellucida binding protein, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, enzymes of the polyol pathway, HE5/CD52, type 5 glutathione peroxidase, and SPAM 1 or PH-20. The electrophoretic patterns of proteins associated to epididymosomes are complex and some of these proteins are transferred to defined surface domains of epididymal spermatozoa. Epididymosomes collected from different epididymal segments interact differently with spermatozoa. This protein transfer from epididymosomes to spermatozoa is timedependent, temperature-dependent and pH-dependent, and is more efficient in the presence of zinc. Some proteins are segregated to lipid raft domains of epididymosomes and are selectively transferred to raft domains of the sperm plasma membrane. Some evidence is presented showing that epididymosomes are secreted in an apocrine manner by the epididymal epithelial cells. In conclusion, epididymosomes are small membranous vesicles secreted in an apocrine manner in the intraluminal compartment of the epididymis and play a major role in the acquisition of new proteins by the maturing spermatozoa. （Asian J Androl 2007 July; 9： 483-491）展开更多
Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is a chronic progressive cholestatic granulomatous, and destructive inflammatory lesion of small intralobular and septal bile ducts, which is likely to be caused by an autoimmune mechani...Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is a chronic progressive cholestatic granulomatous, and destructive inflammatory lesion of small intralobular and septal bile ducts, which is likely to be caused by an autoimmune mechanism with a the presence of serum antimitochondrial antibodies and a potential tendency to progress to cirrhosis. Despite the fact that the etiology of this disease has beenunknown so far, there has been a considerable body of scientific evidence that can reveal the clinical and laboratory signs of PBC and the individual components of its pathogenesis and elaborate diagnostic criteria for the disease and its symptomatic therapy. Deficiencies in autoimmune tolerance are critical factors for the initiation and perpetuation of the disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data available in the literature and the author's findings on clinical and laboratory criteria for the diagnosis of PBC. This review describes the major clinical manifestations of the disease and the mechanisms of its development. It presents the immunological, biochemical, and morphological signs of PBC and their significance for its diagnosis. A great deal of novel scientific evidence for the problem of PBC has been accumulated. However, the inadequate efficiency of therapy for the disease lends impetus to the quest for its etiological factors and to further investigations of its pathogenetic mechanisms and, on this basis, to searches for new methods for its early diagnosis.展开更多
In this study, molecular interactions of the ligands, quercetin, gallic acid, and metformin with various diabetes mellitus-related protein targets, such as glycogen phosphorylase and peroxisome proliferatoractivated r...In this study, molecular interactions of the ligands, quercetin, gallic acid, and metformin with various diabetes mellitus-related protein targets, such as glycogen phosphorylase and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma, were assessed. It was revealed that quercetin possesses good binding affinity to both targets. Quercetin is a major constituent of methanolic extracts of Phyllanthus emblica fruit. The antihyperglycemic effect of quercetin in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats was examined. The isolated quercetin administered at a dose of 75 mg/kg body weight produced a maximum decrease of14.78% in blood glucose levels in the diabetic rats after 7 days of treatment. Furthermore, quercetin doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg were shown to significantly improve the profiles of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol at the end of the study in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The administration of quercetin(25, 50, and 75 mg/kg body weight)daily for 28 days in STZ-induced diabetic rats resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose and urine sugar levels, with a considerable rise in plasma insulin and hemoglobin levels. Therefore, quercetin is a potential drug with antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic action mediated by changes in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides as indicated by in silico and in vivo studies.展开更多
Background： A possible option to meet the increased demand of forage for dairy industry is to use the agricultural byproducts, such as corn stover. However, nutritional value of crop residues is low and we have been ...Background： A possible option to meet the increased demand of forage for dairy industry is to use the agricultural byproducts, such as corn stover. However, nutritional value of crop residues is low and we have been seeking technologies to improve the value. A feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of four levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product（SCFP; Original XP; Diamond V） on lactation performance and rumen fermentation in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows fed a diet containing low-quality forage. Eighty dairy cows were randomly assigned into one of four treatments： basal diet supplemented with 0, 60, 120, or 180 g/d of SCFP per head mixed with 180, 120, 60, or 0 g of corn meal, respectively. The experiment lasted for 10 wks, with the first 2 weeks for adaptation.Results： Dry matter intake was found to be similar（P 〉 0.05） among the treatments. There was an increasing trend in milk production（linear, P ≤ 0.10） with the increasing level of SCFP supplementation, with no effects on contents of milk components（P 〉 0.05）. Supplementation of SCFP linearly increased（P 〈 0.05） the N conversion, without affecting rumen pH and ammonia-N（P 〉 0.05）. Increasing level of SCFP linearly increased（P 〈 0.05） concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and butyrate, with no difference in molar proportion of individual acids（P 〉 0.05）. The population of fungi and certain cel ulolytic bacteria（Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes）increased linearly（P 〈 0.05） but those of lactate-utilizing（Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdeni） and lactate-producing bacteria（Streptococcus bovis） decreased linearly（P ≤ 0.01） with increasing level of SCFP. The urinary purine derivatives increased linearly（P 〈 0.05） in response to SCFP supplementation, indicating that SCFP supplementation may benefit for microbial protein synthesis in the rumen.Conclusions： The SCFP supplem展开更多
Let K be a basic field of characteristic 0, and fi,i=1,…,r, be polynomials in K(x1,…Xn)Consider the system of algebraic equations which defines an algebraic variety V consisting of zeros of the system in an arbitrar...Let K be a basic field of characteristic 0, and fi,i=1,…,r, be polynomials in K(x1,…Xn)Consider the system of algebraic equations which defines an algebraic variety V consisting of zeros of the system in an arbitrary extension field of K. The study of the structure of V or that of the set展开更多
Multi-proxies of lacustrine sediments, such as total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulfur (TS), hydrogen index (HI), oxygen index (OI) and stable car...Multi-proxies of lacustrine sediments, such as total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulfur (TS), hydrogen index (HI), oxygen index (OI) and stable carbon isotopic composition of organic matter (δ^(13)C_(org)), were analyzed using a 7.3 m core from Zige Tangco. The source of the organic matter in the sediment was mainly from autochthonous phyto-plankton, therefore the significances of proxies can be interpreted as that high TOC, TOC/TS, HI and δ^(13)C_(org) values, low TC, TIC values corresponded to warm and wet climatic condition, and vice versa. The process of climatic development in the Zige Tangco region was hence recovered. During the early and Mid-Holocene, the climate was warm and wet and intensive cold events occurred during the periods of 8600 to 8400 cal a BP and 7400 to 7000 cal a BP. In the second half of Holocene, the climate became cold and dry gradually. The palaeoclimatic process during Holocene in Zige Tangco region matched well with that in Co Ngoin region which is ca 40 km to the south-east. Therefore this palaeoclimatic process represents the Holocene climatic feature in the Central Tibetan Plateau which has the same pattern in the Northern Tibetan Plateau, but the time and duration of some climatic events might be different. We can conclude that in Holocene solar insolation controlled the climatic pattern on the central Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
AIM: To examine the vitamin D status in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to those with primary biliary cirrhosis. METHODS: Our retrospective case series comprised 89 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 34 ...AIM: To examine the vitamin D status in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to those with primary biliary cirrhosis. METHODS: Our retrospective case series comprised 89 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 34 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who visited our outpatient clinic in 2005 and underwent a serum vitamin D status assessment. RESULTS: Among the patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 85% had serum vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/L and 55% had levels below 25 nmol/L, as compared to 60% and 16% of the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, respectively (P < 0.001). In both groups, serum vitamin D levels decreased with increasing liver disease severity, as determined by the Child-Pugh score. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency in cirrhosis relates to liver dysfunction rather than aetiology, with lower levels of vitamin D in alcoholic cirrhosis than in primary biliary cirrhosis.展开更多
Nanocarbon materials play a critical role in the development of new or improved technologies and devices for sustainable production and use of renewable energy. This perspective paper defines some of the trends and ou...Nanocarbon materials play a critical role in the development of new or improved technologies and devices for sustainable production and use of renewable energy. This perspective paper defines some of the trends and outlooks in this exciting area, with the effort of evidencing some of the possibilities offered from the growing level of knowledge, as testified from the exponentially rising number of publications, and putting bases for a more rational design of these nanomaterials. The basic members of the new carbon family are fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotube. Derived from them are carbon quantum dots, nanohorn, nanofiber, nano ribbon, nanocapsulate, nanocage and other nanomorphologies. Second generation nanocarbons are those which have been modified by surface functionalization or doping with heteroatoms to create specific tailored properties. The third generation of nanocarbons is the nanoarchitectured supramolecular hybrids or composites of the first and second genera- tion nanocarbons, or with organic or inorganic species. The advantages of the new carbon materials, relating to the field of sustainable energy, are discussed, evidencing the unique properties that they offer for developing next generation solar devices and energy storage solutions.展开更多
The features of JAK-STAT signaling in liver cells are discussed in the current review. The role of this signaling cascade in carcinogenesis is accentuated. The possible involvement of this pathway and alteration of it...The features of JAK-STAT signaling in liver cells are discussed in the current review. The role of this signaling cascade in carcinogenesis is accentuated. The possible involvement of this pathway and alteration of its elements are compared for normal cholangiocytes, cholangiocarcinoma predisposition and development. Prolactin and interleukin-6 are described in detail as the best studied examples. In addition, the non-classical nuclear translocation of cytokine receptors is discussed in terms of its possible implication to cholangiocarcinoma development.展开更多
Flotation of indium-beard marmatite from Dulong multi-metallic ore in Yunnan Province of China was studied to improve the grades and recoveries of zinc and indium of the zinc concentrate in Dulong concentration plant....Flotation of indium-beard marmatite from Dulong multi-metallic ore in Yunnan Province of China was studied to improve the grades and recoveries of zinc and indium of the zinc concentrate in Dulong concentration plant. The experimental results indicated that copper sulfate mixed with a chemical reagent X- 1 as the activator in the marmatite flotation produced a much better beneficiation than copper sulfate alone, increasing the zinc and indium recoveries of 10% and 6%, respectively, while the concentrate grades remained unchanged. Also, the new activator acted well around pH 10, allowing large savings on lime consumption in the marmatite flotation. In addition, it has been found that a sufficient activated time of activator with ore slurry in the flotation is needed to achieve good beneficiation of the marmatite ore.展开更多
Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is common gastrointestinal problems.It is characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort,and is associated with changes in stool frequency and/or consistency.The etiopathogenesis of IBS may...Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is common gastrointestinal problems.It is characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort,and is associated with changes in stool frequency and/or consistency.The etiopathogenesis of IBS may be multifactorial,as is the pathophysiology,which is attributed to alterations in gastrointestinal motility,visceral hypersensitivity,intestinal microbiota,gut epithelium and immune function,dysfunction of the brain-gut axis or certain psychosocial factors.Current therapeutic strategies are often unsatisfactory.There is now increasing evidence linking alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota and IBS.Probiotics are living organisms which,when ingested in certain numbers,exert health benefits beyond inherent basic nutrition.Probiotics have numerous positive effects in the gastrointestinal tract.Recently,many studies have suggested that probiotics are effective in the treatment of IBS.The mechanisms of probiotics in IBS are very complex.The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence and mechanisms for the use of probiotics in the treatment of IBS.展开更多
文摘Among different sources of alternate energy,wind and solar are two prominent and promising alternatives to meet the future electricity needs for mankind.Generally,these sources are integrated at the distribution utilities to supply the local distribution customers.If the power generated by these sources is bulk,then they are either integrated at the distribution/transmission level or may be operated in an island mode if feasible.The integration of these renewables in the power network will change the fault level and network topologies.These fault levels are intermittent in nature and existing protection schemes may fail to operate because of their pre-set condition.Therefore,the design and selection of a proper protection scheme is very much essential for reliable control and operation of renewable integrated power systems.Depending upon the level of infeed and location of the renewable integration,the protection requirements are different.For low renewable infeed at the distribution level,the existing relay settings are immune from any small change in the network fault current from new incoming renewables.However,bulk renewable infeed requires modification in the existing protection schemes to accommodate the fault current variation from the incoming renewables.For bulk penetration of the renewable,the requirement of modified/additional protection schemes is unavoidable.Adaptive relaying and non-adaptive relaying schemes are discussed in the literature for protection of power networks,which are experiencing dynamic fault currents and frequent changing network topologies.This article presents a detailed review of protection schemes for renewable integrated power networks which includes distribution,transmission and microgrid systems.The merits and demerits of these protection schemes are also identified in this article for the added interest of the readers.The visible scope of advance protection schemes which may be suitable for providing reliable protection for dynamic fault current networks is also explored.
文摘Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is an uncommon disease characterized by focal or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, and is usually associated with dyspepsia, diarrhea and peripheral eosinophilia. Diffuse gastrointestinal tract and colonic involvement are uncommon. The endoscopic appearance may vary from normal to mucosal nodularity and ulceration. Gastrointestinal obstruction is unusual and is associated with predominantly muscular disease. We present five unusual cases of EG associated with gastric outlet and duodenal obstruction. Two cases presented with acute pancreatitis and one had a history of pancreatitis. Four cases responded well to medical therapy and one had recurrent gastric outlet obstruction that required surgery. Four out of the five cases had endoscopic and histological evidence of esophagitis and two had colitis. Two patients had ascites. These cases reaffirm that EG is a disorder with protean manifestations and may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. Gastric outlet and/or small bowel obstruction is an important though uncommon presentation of EG. It may also present as esophagitis, gastritis with polypoid lesions, ulcers or erosions, colitis and pancreatitis and may mimic malignancy.
文摘During epididymal transit, spermatozoa acquire new proteins. Some of these newly acquired proteins behave as integral membrane proteins, including glycosylphosphatidylinositol （GPI）-anchored proteins. This suggests that the secreted epididymal proteins are transferred to spermatozoa by an unusual mechanism. Within the epididymal lumen, spermatozoa interact with small membranous vesicles named epididymosomes. Many proteins are associated with epididymosomes and the protein composition of these vesicles varies along the excurrent duct and differs from soluble intraluminal proteins. Some epididymosome-associated proteins have been identified and their functions in sperm maturation hypothesized. These include P25b, a zona pellucida binding protein, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, enzymes of the polyol pathway, HE5/CD52, type 5 glutathione peroxidase, and SPAM 1 or PH-20. The electrophoretic patterns of proteins associated to epididymosomes are complex and some of these proteins are transferred to defined surface domains of epididymal spermatozoa. Epididymosomes collected from different epididymal segments interact differently with spermatozoa. This protein transfer from epididymosomes to spermatozoa is timedependent, temperature-dependent and pH-dependent, and is more efficient in the presence of zinc. Some proteins are segregated to lipid raft domains of epididymosomes and are selectively transferred to raft domains of the sperm plasma membrane. Some evidence is presented showing that epididymosomes are secreted in an apocrine manner by the epididymal epithelial cells. In conclusion, epididymosomes are small membranous vesicles secreted in an apocrine manner in the intraluminal compartment of the epididymis and play a major role in the acquisition of new proteins by the maturing spermatozoa. （Asian J Androl 2007 July; 9： 483-491）
文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is a chronic progressive cholestatic granulomatous, and destructive inflammatory lesion of small intralobular and septal bile ducts, which is likely to be caused by an autoimmune mechanism with a the presence of serum antimitochondrial antibodies and a potential tendency to progress to cirrhosis. Despite the fact that the etiology of this disease has beenunknown so far, there has been a considerable body of scientific evidence that can reveal the clinical and laboratory signs of PBC and the individual components of its pathogenesis and elaborate diagnostic criteria for the disease and its symptomatic therapy. Deficiencies in autoimmune tolerance are critical factors for the initiation and perpetuation of the disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data available in the literature and the author's findings on clinical and laboratory criteria for the diagnosis of PBC. This review describes the major clinical manifestations of the disease and the mechanisms of its development. It presents the immunological, biochemical, and morphological signs of PBC and their significance for its diagnosis. A great deal of novel scientific evidence for the problem of PBC has been accumulated. However, the inadequate efficiency of therapy for the disease lends impetus to the quest for its etiological factors and to further investigations of its pathogenetic mechanisms and, on this basis, to searches for new methods for its early diagnosis.
基金the DST-SERB Major Research Project,New Delhi,India[Project File No.SB/YS/LS-109/2014]for funding this projectthe Management of A.V.V.M.Sri Pushpam College(Autonomous)+1 种基金Poondi,and Sharmila Institute of Medicinal Products Research Academy(SIMPRA)Thanjavur,India,for providing necessary facilities and support in carrying out this work
文摘In this study, molecular interactions of the ligands, quercetin, gallic acid, and metformin with various diabetes mellitus-related protein targets, such as glycogen phosphorylase and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma, were assessed. It was revealed that quercetin possesses good binding affinity to both targets. Quercetin is a major constituent of methanolic extracts of Phyllanthus emblica fruit. The antihyperglycemic effect of quercetin in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats was examined. The isolated quercetin administered at a dose of 75 mg/kg body weight produced a maximum decrease of14.78% in blood glucose levels in the diabetic rats after 7 days of treatment. Furthermore, quercetin doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg were shown to significantly improve the profiles of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol at the end of the study in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The administration of quercetin(25, 50, and 75 mg/kg body weight)daily for 28 days in STZ-induced diabetic rats resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose and urine sugar levels, with a considerable rise in plasma insulin and hemoglobin levels. Therefore, quercetin is a potential drug with antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic action mediated by changes in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides as indicated by in silico and in vivo studies.
基金supported by funds from Diamond V(Cedar Rapids,IA)the China Agriculture(Dairy Cow)Research System(CARS-37)
文摘Background： A possible option to meet the increased demand of forage for dairy industry is to use the agricultural byproducts, such as corn stover. However, nutritional value of crop residues is low and we have been seeking technologies to improve the value. A feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of four levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product（SCFP; Original XP; Diamond V） on lactation performance and rumen fermentation in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows fed a diet containing low-quality forage. Eighty dairy cows were randomly assigned into one of four treatments： basal diet supplemented with 0, 60, 120, or 180 g/d of SCFP per head mixed with 180, 120, 60, or 0 g of corn meal, respectively. The experiment lasted for 10 wks, with the first 2 weeks for adaptation.Results： Dry matter intake was found to be similar（P 〉 0.05） among the treatments. There was an increasing trend in milk production（linear, P ≤ 0.10） with the increasing level of SCFP supplementation, with no effects on contents of milk components（P 〉 0.05）. Supplementation of SCFP linearly increased（P 〈 0.05） the N conversion, without affecting rumen pH and ammonia-N（P 〉 0.05）. Increasing level of SCFP linearly increased（P 〈 0.05） concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and butyrate, with no difference in molar proportion of individual acids（P 〉 0.05）. The population of fungi and certain cel ulolytic bacteria（Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes）increased linearly（P 〈 0.05） but those of lactate-utilizing（Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdeni） and lactate-producing bacteria（Streptococcus bovis） decreased linearly（P ≤ 0.01） with increasing level of SCFP. The urinary purine derivatives increased linearly（P 〈 0.05） in response to SCFP supplementation, indicating that SCFP supplementation may benefit for microbial protein synthesis in the rumen.Conclusions： The SCFP supplem
文摘Let K be a basic field of characteristic 0, and fi,i=1,…,r, be polynomials in K(x1,…Xn)Consider the system of algebraic equations which defines an algebraic variety V consisting of zeros of the system in an arbitrary extension field of K. The study of the structure of V or that of the set
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40471001 and 90411017)
文摘Multi-proxies of lacustrine sediments, such as total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulfur (TS), hydrogen index (HI), oxygen index (OI) and stable carbon isotopic composition of organic matter (δ^(13)C_(org)), were analyzed using a 7.3 m core from Zige Tangco. The source of the organic matter in the sediment was mainly from autochthonous phyto-plankton, therefore the significances of proxies can be interpreted as that high TOC, TOC/TS, HI and δ^(13)C_(org) values, low TC, TIC values corresponded to warm and wet climatic condition, and vice versa. The process of climatic development in the Zige Tangco region was hence recovered. During the early and Mid-Holocene, the climate was warm and wet and intensive cold events occurred during the periods of 8600 to 8400 cal a BP and 7400 to 7000 cal a BP. In the second half of Holocene, the climate became cold and dry gradually. The palaeoclimatic process during Holocene in Zige Tangco region matched well with that in Co Ngoin region which is ca 40 km to the south-east. Therefore this palaeoclimatic process represents the Holocene climatic feature in the Central Tibetan Plateau which has the same pattern in the Northern Tibetan Plateau, but the time and duration of some climatic events might be different. We can conclude that in Holocene solar insolation controlled the climatic pattern on the central Tibetan Plateau.
文摘AIM: To examine the vitamin D status in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to those with primary biliary cirrhosis. METHODS: Our retrospective case series comprised 89 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 34 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who visited our outpatient clinic in 2005 and underwent a serum vitamin D status assessment. RESULTS: Among the patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 85% had serum vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/L and 55% had levels below 25 nmol/L, as compared to 60% and 16% of the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, respectively (P < 0.001). In both groups, serum vitamin D levels decreased with increasing liver disease severity, as determined by the Child-Pugh score. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency in cirrhosis relates to liver dysfunction rather than aetiology, with lower levels of vitamin D in alcoholic cirrhosis than in primary biliary cirrhosis.
基金the financial support by MOST (2011CBA00504)NSFC (21133010, 50921004, 212111074) of China
文摘Nanocarbon materials play a critical role in the development of new or improved technologies and devices for sustainable production and use of renewable energy. This perspective paper defines some of the trends and outlooks in this exciting area, with the effort of evidencing some of the possibilities offered from the growing level of knowledge, as testified from the exponentially rising number of publications, and putting bases for a more rational design of these nanomaterials. The basic members of the new carbon family are fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotube. Derived from them are carbon quantum dots, nanohorn, nanofiber, nano ribbon, nanocapsulate, nanocage and other nanomorphologies. Second generation nanocarbons are those which have been modified by surface functionalization or doping with heteroatoms to create specific tailored properties. The third generation of nanocarbons is the nanoarchitectured supramolecular hybrids or composites of the first and second genera- tion nanocarbons, or with organic or inorganic species. The advantages of the new carbon materials, relating to the field of sustainable energy, are discussed, evidencing the unique properties that they offer for developing next generation solar devices and energy storage solutions.
文摘The features of JAK-STAT signaling in liver cells are discussed in the current review. The role of this signaling cascade in carcinogenesis is accentuated. The possible involvement of this pathway and alteration of its elements are compared for normal cholangiocytes, cholangiocarcinoma predisposition and development. Prolactin and interleukin-6 are described in detail as the best studied examples. In addition, the non-classical nuclear translocation of cytokine receptors is discussed in terms of its possible implication to cholangiocarcinoma development.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50464003).
文摘Flotation of indium-beard marmatite from Dulong multi-metallic ore in Yunnan Province of China was studied to improve the grades and recoveries of zinc and indium of the zinc concentrate in Dulong concentration plant. The experimental results indicated that copper sulfate mixed with a chemical reagent X- 1 as the activator in the marmatite flotation produced a much better beneficiation than copper sulfate alone, increasing the zinc and indium recoveries of 10% and 6%, respectively, while the concentrate grades remained unchanged. Also, the new activator acted well around pH 10, allowing large savings on lime consumption in the marmatite flotation. In addition, it has been found that a sufficient activated time of activator with ore slurry in the flotation is needed to achieve good beneficiation of the marmatite ore.
文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is common gastrointestinal problems.It is characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort,and is associated with changes in stool frequency and/or consistency.The etiopathogenesis of IBS may be multifactorial,as is the pathophysiology,which is attributed to alterations in gastrointestinal motility,visceral hypersensitivity,intestinal microbiota,gut epithelium and immune function,dysfunction of the brain-gut axis or certain psychosocial factors.Current therapeutic strategies are often unsatisfactory.There is now increasing evidence linking alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota and IBS.Probiotics are living organisms which,when ingested in certain numbers,exert health benefits beyond inherent basic nutrition.Probiotics have numerous positive effects in the gastrointestinal tract.Recently,many studies have suggested that probiotics are effective in the treatment of IBS.The mechanisms of probiotics in IBS are very complex.The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence and mechanisms for the use of probiotics in the treatment of IBS.
