From 2011 to 2014, the BESIII experiment collected about 5 fb^-1 data at center-of-mass energies around 4 GeV for the studies of the charmonium-like and higher excited charmonium states. By analyzing the di-muon proce...From 2011 to 2014, the BESIII experiment collected about 5 fb^-1 data at center-of-mass energies around 4 GeV for the studies of the charmonium-like and higher excited charmonium states. By analyzing the di-muon process e＋e- →yma/Fsμ^＋μ^-, the center-of-mass energies of the data samples are measured with a precision of 0.8 MeV. The center-of-mass energy is found to be stable for most of the time during data taking.展开更多
In the 2015 review paper‘Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide’a comprehensive overview of the current status of highpower facilities of>200 TW was presented.This was largely based on facility specifications,with some ...In the 2015 review paper‘Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide’a comprehensive overview of the current status of highpower facilities of>200 TW was presented.This was largely based on facility specifications,with some description of their uses,for instance in fundamental ultra-high-intensity interactions,secondary source generation,and inertial confinement fusion(ICF).With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Professors Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou for the development of the technique of chirped pulse amplification(CPA),which made these lasers possible,we celebrate by providing a comprehensive update of the current status of ultra-high-power lasers and demonstrate how the technology has developed.We are now in the era of multi-petawatt facilities coming online,with 100 PW lasers being proposed and even under construction.In addition to this there is a pull towards development of industrial and multi-disciplinary applications,which demands much higher repetition rates,delivering high-average powers with higher efficiencies and the use of alternative wavelengths:mid-IR facilities.So apart from a comprehensive update of the current global status,we want to look at what technologies are to be deployed to get to these new regimes,and some of the critical issues facing their development.展开更多
Importance:While laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)is being adopted with increasing enthusiasm worldwide,it is still challenging for both technical and anatomical reasons.Currently,there is no consensus on the ...Importance:While laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)is being adopted with increasing enthusiasm worldwide,it is still challenging for both technical and anatomical reasons.Currently,there is no consensus on the technical standards for LPD.Objective:The aim of this consensus statement is to guide the continued safe progression and adoption of LPD.Evidence Review:An international panel of experts was selected based on their clinical and scientific expertise in laparoscopic and open pancreaticoduodenectomy.Statements were produced upon reviewing the literature and assessed by the members of the expert panel.The literature search and its critical appraisal were limited to articles published in English during the period from 1994 to 2019.The Web of Science,Medline,and Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials databases were searched,The search strategy included,but was not limited to,the terms'laparoscopic','pancreaticoduodenectomy,'pancreatoduodenectomy','Whipple's operation',and'minimally invasive surgery'.Reference lists from the included articles were manually checked for any additional studies,which were included when appropriate.Delphi method was used to establish expert consensus and the AGREE II-GRS Instrument was applied to assess the methodological quality and externally validate the final statements.The statements were further discussed during a one-day face-to-face meeting at the 1st Summit on Minimally Invasive Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery in Wuhan,China.Findings:Twenty-eight international experts from 8 countries constructed the expert panel.Sixteen statements were produced by the members of the expert panel.At least 80%of responders agreed with the majority(80%)of statements.Other than three randomized controlled trials published to date,most evidences were based on level 3 or 4 studies according to the AGREE II-GRS Instrument.Conclusions and Relevance:The Wuhan international expert consensus meeting on LPD has produced a set of clinical practice statements for the safe development and progression of LP展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting,an additive manufacturing based technique of biomaterials fabrication,is an innovative and auspicious strategy in medical and pharmaceutical fields.The ability of producing regenerativ...Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting,an additive manufacturing based technique of biomaterials fabrication,is an innovative and auspicious strategy in medical and pharmaceutical fields.The ability of producing regenerative tissues and organs has made this technology a pioneer to the creation of artificial multi-cellular tissues/organs.A broad variety of biomaterials is currently being utilized in 3D bioprinting as well as multiple techniques employed by researchers.In this review,we demonstrate the most common and novel biomaterials in 3D bioprinting technology further with introducing the related techniques that are commonly taking into account by researchers.In addition,an attempt has been accomplished to hand over the most relevant application of 3D bioprinting techniques such as tissue regeneration,cancer investigations,etc.by presenting the most important works.The main aim of this review paper is to emphasis on strengths and limitations of existence biomaterials and 3D bioprinting techniques in order to carry out a comparison through them.展开更多
The measurement of the optical transmission matrix(TM)of an opaque material is an advanced form of space-variant aberration correction.Beyond imaging,TM-based methods are emerging in a range of fields,including optica...The measurement of the optical transmission matrix(TM)of an opaque material is an advanced form of space-variant aberration correction.Beyond imaging,TM-based methods are emerging in a range of fields,including optical communications,micro-manipulation,and computing.In many cases,the TM is very sensitive to perturbations in the configuration of the scattering medium it represents.Therefore,applications often require an up-to-the-minute characterisation of the fragile TM,typically entailing hundreds to thousands of probe measurements.Here,we explore how these measurement requirements can be relaxed using the framework of compressive sensing,in which the incorporation of prior information enables accurate estimation from fewer measurements than the dimensionality of the TM we aim to reconstruct.Examples of such priors include knowledge of a memory effect linking the input and output fields,an approximate model of the optical system,or a recent but degraded TM measurement.We demonstrate this concept by reconstructing the full-size TM of a multimode fibre supporting 754 modes at compression ratios down to∼5%with good fidelity.We show that in this case,imaging is still possible using TMs reconstructed at compression ratios down to∼1%(eight probe measurements).This compressive TM sampling strategy is quite general and may be applied to a variety of other scattering samples,including diffusers,thin layers of tissue,fibre optics of any refractive profile,and reflections from opaque walls.These approaches offer a route towards the measurement of high-dimensional TMs either quickly or with access to limited numbers of measurements.展开更多
Blockchain is a fast-disruptive technology becoming a key instrument in share economy. In recent years, Blockchain has received considerable attention from many researchers and government institutions. This paper aims...Blockchain is a fast-disruptive technology becoming a key instrument in share economy. In recent years, Blockchain has received considerable attention from many researchers and government institutions. This paper aims to present the Blockchain and smart contract for a specific domain which is real estate. A detailed design of smart contract is presented and then a use case for renting residential and business buildings is examined.展开更多
In this paper, we study a generalized quasi-variational inequality (GQVI for short) with twomultivalued operators and two bifunctions in a Banach space setting. A coupling of the Tychonov fixedpoint principle and the ...In this paper, we study a generalized quasi-variational inequality (GQVI for short) with twomultivalued operators and two bifunctions in a Banach space setting. A coupling of the Tychonov fixedpoint principle and the Katutani-Ky Fan theorem for multivalued maps is employed to prove a new existencetheorem for the GQVI. We also study a nonlinear optimal control problem driven by the GQVI and givesufficient conditions ensuring the existence of an optimal control. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of thetheoretical results in the study of a complicated Oseen problem for non-Newtonian fluids with a nonmonotone andmultivalued slip boundary condition (i.e., a generalized friction constitutive law), a generalized leak boundarycondition, a unilateral contact condition of Signorini’s type and an implicit obstacle effect, in which themultivalued slip boundary condition is described by the generalized Clarke subgradient, and the leak boundarycondition is formulated by the convex subdifferential operator for a convex superpotential.展开更多
In the contemporary era,the global expansion of electrical grids is propelled by various renewable energy sources(RESs).Efficient integration of stochastic RESs and optimal power flow(OPF)management are critical for n...In the contemporary era,the global expansion of electrical grids is propelled by various renewable energy sources(RESs).Efficient integration of stochastic RESs and optimal power flow(OPF)management are critical for network optimization.This study introduces an innovative solution,the Gaussian Bare-Bones Levy Cheetah Optimizer(GBBLCO),addressing OPF challenges in power generation systems with stochastic RESs.The primary objective is to minimize the total operating costs of RESs,considering four functions:overall operating costs,voltage deviation management,emissions reduction,voltage stability index(VSI)and power loss mitigation.Additionally,a carbon tax is included in the objective function to reduce carbon emissions.Thorough scrutiny,using modified IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems,validates GBBLCO’s superior performance in achieving optimal solutions.Simulation results demonstrate GBBLCO’s efficacy in six optimization scenarios:total cost with valve point effects,total cost with emission and carbon tax,total cost with prohibited operating zones,active power loss optimization,voltage deviation optimization and enhancing voltage stability index(VSI).GBBLCO outperforms conventional techniques in each scenario,showcasing rapid convergence and superior solution quality.Notably,GBBLCO navigates complexities introduced by valve point effects,adapts to environmental constraints,optimizes costs while considering prohibited operating zones,minimizes active power losses,and optimizes voltage deviation by enhancing the voltage stability index(VSI)effectively.This research significantly contributes to advancing OPF,emphasizing GBBLCO’s improved global search capabilities and ability to address challenges related to local minima.GBBLCO emerges as a versatile and robust optimization tool for diverse challenges in power systems,offering a promising solution for the evolving needs of renewable energy-integrated power grids.展开更多
The cornea is maintained in an avascular state by maintaining an environment whereby anti-angiogenic factors take the upper hand over factors promoting angiogenesis. Many of the common pathologies affecting the cornea...The cornea is maintained in an avascular state by maintaining an environment whereby anti-angiogenic factors take the upper hand over factors promoting angiogenesis. Many of the common pathologies affecting the cornea involve the disruption of such equilibrium and the shift towards new vessel formation, leading to corneal opacity and eventually-vision loss. Therefore it is of paramount importance that the molecular underpinnings of corneal neovascularization（CNV） be clearly understood, in order to develop better targeted treatments. This article is a review of the literature on the recent discoveries regarding pro-angiogenic factors of the cornea（such as vascular endothelial growth factors,fibroblast growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases）and anti-angiogenic factors of the cornea（such as endostatins and neostatins）. Further, we review the molecular underpinnings of lymphangiogenesis, a process now known to be almost separate from（yet related to） hemangiogenesis.展开更多
Biomass-derived porous carbons have been considered as the most potential candidate for effective CO_(2) adsorbent thanks to being widely-available precursor and having highly porous structure and stable chemical/phys...Biomass-derived porous carbons have been considered as the most potential candidate for effective CO_(2) adsorbent thanks to being widely-available precursor and having highly porous structure and stable chemical/physical features.However,the biomass-derived porous carbons still suffer from the poor optimization process in terms of the synthesis conditions.Herein,we have successfully fabricated coconut shell-derived porous carbon by a simple one-step synthesis process.The as-prepared carbon exhibits advanced textual activity together with well-designed micropore morphology and possesses oxygen-containing functional groups(reached 18.81 wt%)within the carbon matrix.Depending on the different activating temperatures(from 700 to 800℃)and KOH/biomass mass ratios(from 0.3 to 1),the 750℃ and 0.5 mass ratio were found to be enabling the highest CO_(2) capture performance.The optimal adsorbent was achieved a high CO_(2) uptake capacity of 5.92 and 4.15 mmol·g^(−1) at 0 and 25℃(1 bar),respectively.More importantly,as-prepared carbon adsorbent exhibited moderate isosteric heat of adsorption and high CO_(2)/N_(2) selectivity.The results were revealed not only the textural feature but also the surface functional groups critically determine the CO_(2) capture performance,indicating coconut shell-derived porous carbon has a considerable potential as a solid-state adsorbent for the CO_(2) capture.展开更多
The number of φ＇ events accumulated by the BESIII experiment from March 3 through April 14, 2009, is determined by counting inclusive hadronic events. The result is 106.41×（1.00±0.81%）×10^6. The err...The number of φ＇ events accumulated by the BESIII experiment from March 3 through April 14, 2009, is determined by counting inclusive hadronic events. The result is 106.41×（1.00±0.81%）×10^6. The error is systematic dominant; the statistical error is negligible.展开更多
The numbers of ψ（3686） events accumulated by the BESⅢ detector for the data taken during 2009 and 2012 are determined to be（107.0±0.8）×10^6 and（341.1±2.1）×10^6, respectively, by counting in...The numbers of ψ（3686） events accumulated by the BESⅢ detector for the data taken during 2009 and 2012 are determined to be（107.0±0.8）×10^6 and（341.1±2.1）×10^6, respectively, by counting inclusive hadronic events,where the uncertainties are systematic and the statistical uncertainties are negligible. The number of events for the sample taken in 2009 is consistent with that of the previous measurement. The total number of ψ（3686） events for the two data taking periods is（448.1±2.9）×10^6.展开更多
Guidance is offered for understanding and using the Legendre transformation and its associated duality among functions and curves. The genesis of this paper was encounters with colleagues and students asking about the...Guidance is offered for understanding and using the Legendre transformation and its associated duality among functions and curves. The genesis of this paper was encounters with colleagues and students asking about the transformation. A main feature is simplicity of exposition, while keeping in mind the purpose or application for using the transformation.展开更多
From December 2011 to May 2014, about 5 fb^-1 of data were taken with the BESIII detector at center-of- mass energies between 3.810 GeV and 4.600 GeV to study the charmonium-like states and higher excited charmonium s...From December 2011 to May 2014, about 5 fb^-1 of data were taken with the BESIII detector at center-of- mass energies between 3.810 GeV and 4.600 GeV to study the charmonium-like states and higher excited charmonium states. The time-integrated luminosity of the collected data sample is measured to a precision of 1% by analyzing events produced by the large-angle Bhabha scattering process.展开更多
By analyzing the large-angle Bhabha scattering events e^＋e^- → （γ）e^＋e^- and diphoton events e^＋^e- → （γ）γγ for the data sets collected at center-of-mass （c.m.） energies between 2.2324 and 4.5900 GeV （...By analyzing the large-angle Bhabha scattering events e^＋e^- → （γ）e^＋e^- and diphoton events e^＋^e- → （γ）γγ for the data sets collected at center-of-mass （c.m.） energies between 2.2324 and 4.5900 GeV （131 energy points in total） with the upgraded Beijing Spectrometer （BESIII） at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider （BEPCII）, the integrated luminosities have been measured at the different c.m. energies, individually. The results are important inputs for the R value and J/ψ resonance parameter measurements.展开更多
By analyzing 2.93 fb-1 data collected at the center-of-mass energy v/S = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the semileptonic decay D＋- k0e＋ ve via k0-π0π0 - （8.59 &#...By analyzing 2.93 fb-1 data collected at the center-of-mass energy v/S = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the semileptonic decay D＋- k0e＋ ve via k0-π0π0 - （8.59 ± 0.14 ± 0.21）% using k0- k0-π0π0, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Our result is consistent with previous measurements within uncertainties..展开更多
The Climate Change Conference of Parties(COP)21 in December 2015 established Nationally Determined Contributions toward reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.In the years since COP21,it has become increasingly evident...The Climate Change Conference of Parties(COP)21 in December 2015 established Nationally Determined Contributions toward reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.In the years since COP21,it has become increasingly evident that carbon dioxide removal(CDR)technologies must be deployed immediately to stabilize concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases and avoid major climate change impacts.Biochar is a carbon-rich material formed by high-temperature conversion of biomass under reduced oxygen conditions,and its production is one of few established CDR methods that can be deployed at a scale large enough to counteract effects of climate change within the next decade.Here we provide a generalized framework for quantifying the potential contribution biochar can make toward achieving national carbon emissions reduction goals,assuming use of only sustainably supplied biomass,i.e.,residues from existing agricultural,livestock,forestry and wastewater treatment operations.Our results illustrate the significant role biochar can play in world-wide CDR strategies,with carbon dioxide removal potential of 6.23±0.24%of total GHG emissions in the 155 countries covered based on 2020 data over a 100-year timeframe,and more than 10%of national emissions in 28 countries.Concentrated regions of high biochar carbon dioxide removal potential relative to national emissions were identified in South America,northwestern Africa and eastern Europe.展开更多
13-Lipoxygenases(LOXs)initiate the synthesis of jasmonic acid(JA),the best-understood oxylipin hormone in herbivory defense.However,the roles of 9-LOX-derived oxylipins in insect resistance remain unclear.Here,we repo...13-Lipoxygenases(LOXs)initiate the synthesis of jasmonic acid(JA),the best-understood oxylipin hormone in herbivory defense.However,the roles of 9-LOX-derived oxylipins in insect resistance remain unclear.Here,we report a novel anti-herbivory mechanism mediated by a tonoplast-localized 9-LOX,ZmLOX5,and its linolenic acid-derived product,9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid(9,10-KODA).Transposon-insertional disruption of ZmLOX5 resulted in the loss of resistance to insect herbivory.lox5 knockout mutants displayed greatly reduced wound-induced accumulation of multiple oxylipins and defense metabolites,including benzoxazinoids,abscisic acid(ABA),and JA-isoleucine(JA-Ile).However,exogenous JA-Ile failed to rescue insect defense in lox5 mutants,while applications of 1 mM 9,10-KODA or the JA precursor,12-oxo-phytodienoic acid(12-OPDA),restored wild-type resistance levels.Metabolite profiling revealed that exogenous 9,10-KODA primed the plants for increased production of ABA and 12-OPDA,but not JA-Ile.While none of the 9-oxylipins were able to rescue JA-Ile induction,the lox5 mutant accumulated lower wound-induced levels of Ca^(2+),suggesting this as a potential explanation for lower wound-induced JA.Seedlings pretreated with 9,10-KODA exhibited rapid or more robust woundinduced defense gene expression.In addition,an artificial diet supplemented with 9,10-KODA arrested fall armyworm larvae growth.Finally,analysis of single and double lox5 and lox10 mutants showed that ZmLOX5 also contributed to insect defense by modulating ZmLOX10-mediated green leaf volatile signaling.Collectively,our study uncovered a previously unknown anti-herbivore defense and hormonelike signaling activity for a major 9-oxylipin α-ketol.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11125525,11235011.11322544,11335008,11425524,Y61137005C)+7 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program,CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP),Collaborative Innovation Center for Particles and Interactions(CICPI),Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of NSFC and CAS(11179007,U1232201,U1332201),CAS(KJCX2-YW-N29,KJCX2-YWN45),100 Talents Program of CASNational 1000 Talents Program of China,INPACShanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,German Research Foundation DFG(Collaborative Research Center CRC-1044)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,Italy,Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)Russian Foundation for Basic Research(14-07-91152)Swedish Research Council,U.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-04ER41291,DE-FG02-05ER41374,DE-FG02-94ER40823,DESC0010118)U.S.National Science Foundation,University of Groningen(RuG)and Helniholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH(GSI),DarmstadtWCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘From 2011 to 2014, the BESIII experiment collected about 5 fb^-1 data at center-of-mass energies around 4 GeV for the studies of the charmonium-like and higher excited charmonium states. By analyzing the di-muon process e＋e- →yma/Fsμ^＋μ^-, the center-of-mass energies of the data samples are measured with a precision of 0.8 MeV. The center-of-mass energy is found to be stable for most of the time during data taking.
文摘In the 2015 review paper‘Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide’a comprehensive overview of the current status of highpower facilities of>200 TW was presented.This was largely based on facility specifications,with some description of their uses,for instance in fundamental ultra-high-intensity interactions,secondary source generation,and inertial confinement fusion(ICF).With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Professors Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou for the development of the technique of chirped pulse amplification(CPA),which made these lasers possible,we celebrate by providing a comprehensive update of the current status of ultra-high-power lasers and demonstrate how the technology has developed.We are now in the era of multi-petawatt facilities coming online,with 100 PW lasers being proposed and even under construction.In addition to this there is a pull towards development of industrial and multi-disciplinary applications,which demands much higher repetition rates,delivering high-average powers with higher efficiencies and the use of alternative wavelengths:mid-IR facilities.So apart from a comprehensive update of the current global status,we want to look at what technologies are to be deployed to get to these new regimes,and some of the critical issues facing their development.
基金This study was supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China(81772950)Tongji Hospital Clinical Research Flagship Program(2019CR203)to RQ.
文摘Importance:While laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)is being adopted with increasing enthusiasm worldwide,it is still challenging for both technical and anatomical reasons.Currently,there is no consensus on the technical standards for LPD.Objective:The aim of this consensus statement is to guide the continued safe progression and adoption of LPD.Evidence Review:An international panel of experts was selected based on their clinical and scientific expertise in laparoscopic and open pancreaticoduodenectomy.Statements were produced upon reviewing the literature and assessed by the members of the expert panel.The literature search and its critical appraisal were limited to articles published in English during the period from 1994 to 2019.The Web of Science,Medline,and Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials databases were searched,The search strategy included,but was not limited to,the terms'laparoscopic','pancreaticoduodenectomy,'pancreatoduodenectomy','Whipple's operation',and'minimally invasive surgery'.Reference lists from the included articles were manually checked for any additional studies,which were included when appropriate.Delphi method was used to establish expert consensus and the AGREE II-GRS Instrument was applied to assess the methodological quality and externally validate the final statements.The statements were further discussed during a one-day face-to-face meeting at the 1st Summit on Minimally Invasive Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery in Wuhan,China.Findings:Twenty-eight international experts from 8 countries constructed the expert panel.Sixteen statements were produced by the members of the expert panel.At least 80%of responders agreed with the majority(80%)of statements.Other than three randomized controlled trials published to date,most evidences were based on level 3 or 4 studies according to the AGREE II-GRS Instrument.Conclusions and Relevance:The Wuhan international expert consensus meeting on LPD has produced a set of clinical practice statements for the safe development and progression of LP
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting,an additive manufacturing based technique of biomaterials fabrication,is an innovative and auspicious strategy in medical and pharmaceutical fields.The ability of producing regenerative tissues and organs has made this technology a pioneer to the creation of artificial multi-cellular tissues/organs.A broad variety of biomaterials is currently being utilized in 3D bioprinting as well as multiple techniques employed by researchers.In this review,we demonstrate the most common and novel biomaterials in 3D bioprinting technology further with introducing the related techniques that are commonly taking into account by researchers.In addition,an attempt has been accomplished to hand over the most relevant application of 3D bioprinting techniques such as tissue regeneration,cancer investigations,etc.by presenting the most important works.The main aim of this review paper is to emphasis on strengths and limitations of existence biomaterials and 3D bioprinting techniques in order to carry out a comparison through them.
基金S.L.acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant no.61705073C.S.,J.M.B.and V.K.G.acknowledge support from the United States National Science Foundation under Grant no.1815896+2 种基金T.C.thanks the European Regional Development Fund(CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000476)the European Research Council(724530)for financial supportD.B.P.thanks the Royal Academy of Engineering and the European Research Council(804626)for financial support.
文摘The measurement of the optical transmission matrix(TM)of an opaque material is an advanced form of space-variant aberration correction.Beyond imaging,TM-based methods are emerging in a range of fields,including optical communications,micro-manipulation,and computing.In many cases,the TM is very sensitive to perturbations in the configuration of the scattering medium it represents.Therefore,applications often require an up-to-the-minute characterisation of the fragile TM,typically entailing hundreds to thousands of probe measurements.Here,we explore how these measurement requirements can be relaxed using the framework of compressive sensing,in which the incorporation of prior information enables accurate estimation from fewer measurements than the dimensionality of the TM we aim to reconstruct.Examples of such priors include knowledge of a memory effect linking the input and output fields,an approximate model of the optical system,or a recent but degraded TM measurement.We demonstrate this concept by reconstructing the full-size TM of a multimode fibre supporting 754 modes at compression ratios down to∼5%with good fidelity.We show that in this case,imaging is still possible using TMs reconstructed at compression ratios down to∼1%(eight probe measurements).This compressive TM sampling strategy is quite general and may be applied to a variety of other scattering samples,including diffusers,thin layers of tissue,fibre optics of any refractive profile,and reflections from opaque walls.These approaches offer a route towards the measurement of high-dimensional TMs either quickly or with access to limited numbers of measurements.
文摘Blockchain is a fast-disruptive technology becoming a key instrument in share economy. In recent years, Blockchain has received considerable attention from many researchers and government institutions. This paper aims to present the Blockchain and smart contract for a specific domain which is real estate. A detailed design of smart contract is presented and then a use case for renting residential and business buildings is examined.
基金The first author was supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2021GXNSFFA196004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12001478)+4 种基金Horizon 2020 of the European Union(Grant No.823731 CONMECH)National Science Center of Poland(Grant No.2017/25/N/ST1/00611)The second author was supported by National Science Foundation of USA(Grant No.DMS 1720067)The third author was supported by the National Science Center of Poland(Grant No.2021/41/B/ST1/01636)the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland(Grant Nos.4004/GGPJII/H2020/2018/0 and 440328/PnH2/2019)。
文摘In this paper, we study a generalized quasi-variational inequality (GQVI for short) with twomultivalued operators and two bifunctions in a Banach space setting. A coupling of the Tychonov fixedpoint principle and the Katutani-Ky Fan theorem for multivalued maps is employed to prove a new existencetheorem for the GQVI. We also study a nonlinear optimal control problem driven by the GQVI and givesufficient conditions ensuring the existence of an optimal control. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of thetheoretical results in the study of a complicated Oseen problem for non-Newtonian fluids with a nonmonotone andmultivalued slip boundary condition (i.e., a generalized friction constitutive law), a generalized leak boundarycondition, a unilateral contact condition of Signorini’s type and an implicit obstacle effect, in which themultivalued slip boundary condition is described by the generalized Clarke subgradient, and the leak boundarycondition is formulated by the convex subdifferential operator for a convex superpotential.
基金supported by the Deanship of Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Research at Majmaah University in Saudi Arabia under Project Number(ICR-2024-1002).
文摘In the contemporary era,the global expansion of electrical grids is propelled by various renewable energy sources(RESs).Efficient integration of stochastic RESs and optimal power flow(OPF)management are critical for network optimization.This study introduces an innovative solution,the Gaussian Bare-Bones Levy Cheetah Optimizer(GBBLCO),addressing OPF challenges in power generation systems with stochastic RESs.The primary objective is to minimize the total operating costs of RESs,considering four functions:overall operating costs,voltage deviation management,emissions reduction,voltage stability index(VSI)and power loss mitigation.Additionally,a carbon tax is included in the objective function to reduce carbon emissions.Thorough scrutiny,using modified IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems,validates GBBLCO’s superior performance in achieving optimal solutions.Simulation results demonstrate GBBLCO’s efficacy in six optimization scenarios:total cost with valve point effects,total cost with emission and carbon tax,total cost with prohibited operating zones,active power loss optimization,voltage deviation optimization and enhancing voltage stability index(VSI).GBBLCO outperforms conventional techniques in each scenario,showcasing rapid convergence and superior solution quality.Notably,GBBLCO navigates complexities introduced by valve point effects,adapts to environmental constraints,optimizes costs while considering prohibited operating zones,minimizes active power losses,and optimizes voltage deviation by enhancing the voltage stability index(VSI)effectively.This research significantly contributes to advancing OPF,emphasizing GBBLCO’s improved global search capabilities and ability to address challenges related to local minima.GBBLCO emerges as a versatile and robust optimization tool for diverse challenges in power systems,offering a promising solution for the evolving needs of renewable energy-integrated power grids.
文摘The cornea is maintained in an avascular state by maintaining an environment whereby anti-angiogenic factors take the upper hand over factors promoting angiogenesis. Many of the common pathologies affecting the cornea involve the disruption of such equilibrium and the shift towards new vessel formation, leading to corneal opacity and eventually-vision loss. Therefore it is of paramount importance that the molecular underpinnings of corneal neovascularization（CNV） be clearly understood, in order to develop better targeted treatments. This article is a review of the literature on the recent discoveries regarding pro-angiogenic factors of the cornea（such as vascular endothelial growth factors,fibroblast growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases）and anti-angiogenic factors of the cornea（such as endostatins and neostatins）. Further, we review the molecular underpinnings of lymphangiogenesis, a process now known to be almost separate from（yet related to） hemangiogenesis.
基金Financial support was provided by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LY21B070005)National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of China and Self designed scientific research project of Zhejiang Normal University(Grant No.2021ZS06)。
文摘Biomass-derived porous carbons have been considered as the most potential candidate for effective CO_(2) adsorbent thanks to being widely-available precursor and having highly porous structure and stable chemical/physical features.However,the biomass-derived porous carbons still suffer from the poor optimization process in terms of the synthesis conditions.Herein,we have successfully fabricated coconut shell-derived porous carbon by a simple one-step synthesis process.The as-prepared carbon exhibits advanced textual activity together with well-designed micropore morphology and possesses oxygen-containing functional groups(reached 18.81 wt%)within the carbon matrix.Depending on the different activating temperatures(from 700 to 800℃)and KOH/biomass mass ratios(from 0.3 to 1),the 750℃ and 0.5 mass ratio were found to be enabling the highest CO_(2) capture performance.The optimal adsorbent was achieved a high CO_(2) uptake capacity of 5.92 and 4.15 mmol·g^(−1) at 0 and 25℃(1 bar),respectively.More importantly,as-prepared carbon adsorbent exhibited moderate isosteric heat of adsorption and high CO_(2)/N_(2) selectivity.The results were revealed not only the textural feature but also the surface functional groups critically determine the CO_(2) capture performance,indicating coconut shell-derived porous carbon has a considerable potential as a solid-state adsorbent for the CO_(2) capture.
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2009CB825200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(10625524,10821063,10825524,10835001,10935007,11125525,10975143,10979058),Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11079008,11179007)+5 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility ProgramCAS(KJCX2-YW-N29,KJCX2-YW-N45)100 Talents Program of CAS,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,Italy,Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)U.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-04ER41291,DE-FG02-91ER40682,DE-FG02-94ER40823)U.S.National Science Foundation,University of Groningen(RuG)the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH(GSI),Darmstadt,WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘The number of φ＇ events accumulated by the BESIII experiment from March 3 through April 14, 2009, is determined by counting inclusive hadronic events. The result is 106.41×（1.00±0.81%）×10^6. The error is systematic dominant; the statistical error is negligible.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2009CB825200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11235011,11322544,11335008,11425524,11475207)+16 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility Programthe Collaborative Innovation Center for Particlcs and Interactions(CICPI)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(11179014)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(11179007,U1232201,U1532257,U1532258)Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11079008)CAS(KJCX2-YW-N29,KJCX2-YW-N45)100 Talents Program of CASNational 1000 Talents Program of ChinaGerman Research Foundation DFG(Collaborative Research Center CRC 1044)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,ItalyKoninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen(KNAW)(530-4CDP03)Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11205082)The Swedish Research Council,U.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-05ER41374,DE-SC-0010118,DE-SC-0010504)U.S.National Science Foundation,University of Groningen(RuG)the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH(GSI)Darmstadt,WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘The numbers of ψ（3686） events accumulated by the BESⅢ detector for the data taken during 2009 and 2012 are determined to be（107.0±0.8）×10^6 and（341.1±2.1）×10^6, respectively, by counting inclusive hadronic events,where the uncertainties are systematic and the statistical uncertainties are negligible. The number of events for the sample taken in 2009 is consistent with that of the previous measurement. The total number of ψ（3686） events for the two data taking periods is（448.1±2.9）×10^6.
文摘Guidance is offered for understanding and using the Legendre transformation and its associated duality among functions and curves. The genesis of this paper was encounters with colleagues and students asking about the transformation. A main feature is simplicity of exposition, while keeping in mind the purpose or application for using the transformation.
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11125525,11235011,11322544,11335008,11425524)+5 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program,Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(11179007,U1232201,U1332201)CAS(KJCX2-YW-N29,KJCX2-YW-N45)100 Talents Program of CAS,INPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,German Research Foundation DFG(Collaborative Research Center CRC-1044),Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,ItalyMinistry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)Russian Foundation for Basic Research(14-07-91152)U.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-04ER41291,DE-FG02-05ER41374,DE-FG02-94ER40823,DESC0010118)U.S.National Science Foundation,University of Groningen(RUG)and the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH(GSI),Darmstadt and WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘From December 2011 to May 2014, about 5 fb^-1 of data were taken with the BESIII detector at center-of- mass energies between 3.810 GeV and 4.600 GeV to study the charmonium-like states and higher excited charmonium states. The time-integrated luminosity of the collected data sample is measured to a precision of 1% by analyzing events produced by the large-angle Bhabha scattering process.
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(10935007,11121092,11125525,11235011,11322544,11335008,11375170,11275189,11079030,11475164,11475169,11005109,10979095,11275211)+8 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility ProgramJoint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(11179007,U1232201,U1332201,U1532102).(KJCX2-YW-N29,KJCX2-YW-N45)100 Talents Program of CAS,INPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,German Research Foundation DFG(Collaborative Research Center CRC-1044)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,Italy,Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)Russian Foundation for Basic Research(14-07-91152)U.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-04ER41291,DE-FG02-05ER41374,DEFG02-94ER40823,DESC0010118)U.S.National Science Foundation,University of Groningen(RuG)the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung Gmb H(GSI)Darmstadt,WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘By analyzing the large-angle Bhabha scattering events e^＋e^- → （γ）e^＋e^- and diphoton events e^＋^e- → （γ）γγ for the data sets collected at center-of-mass （c.m.） energies between 2.2324 and 4.5900 GeV （131 energy points in total） with the upgraded Beijing Spectrometer （BESIII） at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider （BEPCII）, the integrated luminosities have been measured at the different c.m. energies, individually. The results are important inputs for the R value and J/ψ resonance parameter measurements.
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2009CB825204,2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(10935007,11125525,11235011,11305180,11322544,11335008,11425524,11475123)+14 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program,CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)Collaborative Innovation Center for Particles and Interactions(CICPI)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of NSFC and CAS(11179007,U1232201,U1332201,U1532101)CAS(KJCX2-YW-N29,KJCX2-YW-N45)100 Talents Program of CASNational 1000 Talents Program of ChinaINPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,German Research Foundation DFG(Collaborative Research Center CRC-1044)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,Italy,Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen(KNAW)(530-4CDP03)Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11405046,U1332103)Russian Foundation for Basic Research(14-07-91152)Swedish Resarch Council,U.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-04ER41291,DE>FG02-05ER41374,DE1-SC0012069,DESC0010118)U.S.National Science Foundation,University of Groningen(RuG)Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH(GSI)Darmstadt,WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘By analyzing 2.93 fb-1 data collected at the center-of-mass energy v/S = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the semileptonic decay D＋- k0e＋ ve via k0-π0π0 - （8.59 ± 0.14 ± 0.21）% using k0- k0-π0π0, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Our result is consistent with previous measurements within uncertainties..
文摘The Climate Change Conference of Parties(COP)21 in December 2015 established Nationally Determined Contributions toward reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.In the years since COP21,it has become increasingly evident that carbon dioxide removal(CDR)technologies must be deployed immediately to stabilize concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases and avoid major climate change impacts.Biochar is a carbon-rich material formed by high-temperature conversion of biomass under reduced oxygen conditions,and its production is one of few established CDR methods that can be deployed at a scale large enough to counteract effects of climate change within the next decade.Here we provide a generalized framework for quantifying the potential contribution biochar can make toward achieving national carbon emissions reduction goals,assuming use of only sustainably supplied biomass,i.e.,residues from existing agricultural,livestock,forestry and wastewater treatment operations.Our results illustrate the significant role biochar can play in world-wide CDR strategies,with carbon dioxide removal potential of 6.23±0.24%of total GHG emissions in the 155 countries covered based on 2020 data over a 100-year timeframe,and more than 10%of national emissions in 28 countries.Concentrated regions of high biochar carbon dioxide removal potential relative to national emissions were identified in South America,northwestern Africa and eastern Europe.
基金supported by United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)-National Institute of Food and Agriculture(NIFA)2017-67013-26524 and 2021-67013-33568 grants awarded to M.V.K.
文摘13-Lipoxygenases(LOXs)initiate the synthesis of jasmonic acid(JA),the best-understood oxylipin hormone in herbivory defense.However,the roles of 9-LOX-derived oxylipins in insect resistance remain unclear.Here,we report a novel anti-herbivory mechanism mediated by a tonoplast-localized 9-LOX,ZmLOX5,and its linolenic acid-derived product,9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid(9,10-KODA).Transposon-insertional disruption of ZmLOX5 resulted in the loss of resistance to insect herbivory.lox5 knockout mutants displayed greatly reduced wound-induced accumulation of multiple oxylipins and defense metabolites,including benzoxazinoids,abscisic acid(ABA),and JA-isoleucine(JA-Ile).However,exogenous JA-Ile failed to rescue insect defense in lox5 mutants,while applications of 1 mM 9,10-KODA or the JA precursor,12-oxo-phytodienoic acid(12-OPDA),restored wild-type resistance levels.Metabolite profiling revealed that exogenous 9,10-KODA primed the plants for increased production of ABA and 12-OPDA,but not JA-Ile.While none of the 9-oxylipins were able to rescue JA-Ile induction,the lox5 mutant accumulated lower wound-induced levels of Ca^(2+),suggesting this as a potential explanation for lower wound-induced JA.Seedlings pretreated with 9,10-KODA exhibited rapid or more robust woundinduced defense gene expression.In addition,an artificial diet supplemented with 9,10-KODA arrested fall armyworm larvae growth.Finally,analysis of single and double lox5 and lox10 mutants showed that ZmLOX5 also contributed to insect defense by modulating ZmLOX10-mediated green leaf volatile signaling.Collectively,our study uncovered a previously unknown anti-herbivore defense and hormonelike signaling activity for a major 9-oxylipin α-ketol.
