以我国亚热带地区不同母质起源的水耕人为土时间序列为研究对象,分析不同形态铁氧化物和磁化率随成土时间的动态演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明,石灰性母质起源的水耕人为土0~120 cm土体中全铁(Fet)、游离铁(Fed)和游离度(Fed/Fet)随...以我国亚热带地区不同母质起源的水耕人为土时间序列为研究对象,分析不同形态铁氧化物和磁化率随成土时间的动态演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明,石灰性母质起源的水耕人为土0~120 cm土体中全铁(Fet)、游离铁(Fed)和游离度(Fed/Fet)随时间序列演变均逐渐增加,0~50 a内Fet、Fed和Fed/Fet增加速率分别为3.2 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)、1.2 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)和0.04%a^(-1),50~1 000 a内Fet、Fed和Fed/Fet增加速率分别为0.1 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)、0.15 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)和0.01%a^(-1);而酸性母质起源的水耕人为土0~120 cm土体中Fet、Fed和Fed/Fet随时间序列演变均逐渐下降,0~60 a内Fet、Fed和Fed/Fet下降速率分别为0.2 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)、0.5 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)和0.03%a^(-1),60~300 a内Fet、Fed和Fed/Fet下降速率分别为0.9 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)、1.2 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)和0.06%a^(-1)。土壤pH、Eh、以及外源铁输入与土体内铁淋失的相对强度是控制不同母质水耕人为土中铁氧化物转化速率与途径的主要因素。石灰性母质起源的水耕人为土中不同磁学指标随时间演变分为三个阶段:0~50 a内表现为质量磁化率(MS)、饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)和软剩磁(IRMs)的急剧降低;50~300 a内表现为MS、SIRM和IRMs的持续、缓慢降低以及硬剩磁(IRMh)的相对稳定发展;300~1 000 a内表现为MS、SIRM和IRMs的持续、缓慢降低以及IRMh的快速下降。酸性母质起源的水耕人为土0~20 cm和20~120 cm土壤中磁学指标演变呈现截然不同的两个阶段:0~60 a 0~20 cm内MS,SIRM和IRMs的急剧降低,IRMh具有明显增加;而20~120 cm内MS、SIRM和IRMs缓慢下降,IRMh明显降低。60~300 a 0~20 cm内不同磁学指标变化幅度均很小,而20~120 cm内IRMh相对比较稳定,MS、SIRM和IRMs在种稻150 a后快速下降。淹水还原条件下亚铁磁性矿物的破坏是不同母质水耕人为土演变过程中磁性衰减的主要机制。展开更多
干旱区绿洲长期滴灌是否会造成农田土壤积盐,事关干旱区绿洲农业的可持续发展,是学术界和生产管理部门严重关切的问题.玛纳斯河绿洲在新疆最早开展滴灌应用.本文在玛纳斯河绿洲范围内通过大量调查土壤剖面盐分和滴灌历史来回答上述问题...干旱区绿洲长期滴灌是否会造成农田土壤积盐,事关干旱区绿洲农业的可持续发展,是学术界和生产管理部门严重关切的问题.玛纳斯河绿洲在新疆最早开展滴灌应用.本文在玛纳斯河绿洲范围内通过大量调查土壤剖面盐分和滴灌历史来回答上述问题.共调查了235个土壤剖面,深度一般为200 cm,最浅100 cm,利用其中已知滴灌年数的52个剖面数据分析滴灌对土壤盐碱化的长期影响,分为滴灌初始为耕地和荒地种情况.结果表明：新疆玛纳斯河绿洲荒地0~200 cm土层平均含盐量17.23 g kg-1,漫灌耕地平均含盐量0.59 gkg-1;农田滴灌对土壤脱盐与积盐影响并存;原荒地基础上进行滴灌,土壤呈脱盐趋势,土壤含盐量呈幂函数曲线下降,最长12年滴灌历史的多点不同滴灌年数地块含盐量平均值为6.38 g kg-1,总体仍然处于脱盐过程中;原耕地基础上长期滴灌,土壤呈积盐趋势,土层平均含盐量年均增长0.22 g kg-1,最长10年滴灌历史的多点不同滴灌年数田块平均含盐量增长为2.36 g kg-1,土壤含盐量增长趋于危害棉花生长、影响产量的临界值.干旱区绿洲长期滴灌将造成土壤积盐,应该引起科学研究和灌溉管理的高度重视;在节水灌溉过程中保证盐分淋洗用水是减缓滴灌农田土壤积盐必需的措施.展开更多
Canopy foliar Nitrogen Concentration （CNC） is one of the most important parameters influencing vegetation productivity in forest ecosystems. In this study, we explored the potential of imaging spectrometry （hypersp...Canopy foliar Nitrogen Concentration （CNC） is one of the most important parameters influencing vegetation productivity in forest ecosystems. In this study, we explored the potential of imaging spectrometry （hyperspectral） remote sensing of CNC in conifer plantations in China’s subtropical red soil hilly region. Our analysis included data from 57 field plots scattered across two transects covered by Hyperion images. Single regression and partial least squares regression （PLSR） were used to explore the relationships between CNC and hyperspectral data. The correlations between CNC and nearinfrared relfectance （NIR） were consistent in three data subsets （subsets A-C）. For all subsets, CNC was signiifcantly positively correlated with NIR in the two transects （R2=0.29, 0.33 and 0.36, P＆lt;0.05 or P＆lt;0.01, respectively）. It suggested that the NIR-CNC relationship exist despite a weak one, and the relationship may be weakened by the single canopy structure. Besides, we also applied a shortwave infrared （SWIR） index - Normalized Difference Nitrogen Index （NDNI） to estimate CNC variation. NDNI presented a signiifcant positive correlation with CNC in different subsets, but like NIR, it was also with low coefifcient of determination （R2=0.38, 0.20 and 0.17, P＆lt;0.01, respectively）. Also, the correlations between CNC and the entire spectrum reflectance （or its derivative and logarithmic transformation） by PLSR owned different signiifcance in various subsets. We did not ifnd the very robust relationship like previous literatures, so the data we used were checked again. The paired T-test was applied to estimate the inlfuence of inter-annual variability of FNC on the relationships between CNC and Hyperion data. The inter-annual mismatch between period of ifeldwork and Hyperion acquisition had no inlfuence on the correlations of CNC-Hyperion data. Meanwhile, we pointed out that the lack of the canopy structure variation in conifer plantation area may lead to these weak relationsh展开更多
文摘以我国亚热带地区不同母质起源的水耕人为土时间序列为研究对象,分析不同形态铁氧化物和磁化率随成土时间的动态演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明,石灰性母质起源的水耕人为土0~120 cm土体中全铁(Fet)、游离铁(Fed)和游离度(Fed/Fet)随时间序列演变均逐渐增加,0~50 a内Fet、Fed和Fed/Fet增加速率分别为3.2 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)、1.2 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)和0.04%a^(-1),50~1 000 a内Fet、Fed和Fed/Fet增加速率分别为0.1 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)、0.15 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)和0.01%a^(-1);而酸性母质起源的水耕人为土0~120 cm土体中Fet、Fed和Fed/Fet随时间序列演变均逐渐下降,0~60 a内Fet、Fed和Fed/Fet下降速率分别为0.2 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)、0.5 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)和0.03%a^(-1),60~300 a内Fet、Fed和Fed/Fet下降速率分别为0.9 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)、1.2 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)和0.06%a^(-1)。土壤pH、Eh、以及外源铁输入与土体内铁淋失的相对强度是控制不同母质水耕人为土中铁氧化物转化速率与途径的主要因素。石灰性母质起源的水耕人为土中不同磁学指标随时间演变分为三个阶段:0~50 a内表现为质量磁化率(MS)、饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)和软剩磁(IRMs)的急剧降低;50~300 a内表现为MS、SIRM和IRMs的持续、缓慢降低以及硬剩磁(IRMh)的相对稳定发展;300~1 000 a内表现为MS、SIRM和IRMs的持续、缓慢降低以及IRMh的快速下降。酸性母质起源的水耕人为土0~20 cm和20~120 cm土壤中磁学指标演变呈现截然不同的两个阶段:0~60 a 0~20 cm内MS,SIRM和IRMs的急剧降低,IRMh具有明显增加;而20~120 cm内MS、SIRM和IRMs缓慢下降,IRMh明显降低。60~300 a 0~20 cm内不同磁学指标变化幅度均很小,而20~120 cm内IRMh相对比较稳定,MS、SIRM和IRMs在种稻150 a后快速下降。淹水还原条件下亚铁磁性矿物的破坏是不同母质水耕人为土演变过程中磁性衰减的主要机制。
文摘干旱区绿洲长期滴灌是否会造成农田土壤积盐,事关干旱区绿洲农业的可持续发展,是学术界和生产管理部门严重关切的问题.玛纳斯河绿洲在新疆最早开展滴灌应用.本文在玛纳斯河绿洲范围内通过大量调查土壤剖面盐分和滴灌历史来回答上述问题.共调查了235个土壤剖面,深度一般为200 cm,最浅100 cm,利用其中已知滴灌年数的52个剖面数据分析滴灌对土壤盐碱化的长期影响,分为滴灌初始为耕地和荒地种情况.结果表明：新疆玛纳斯河绿洲荒地0~200 cm土层平均含盐量17.23 g kg-1,漫灌耕地平均含盐量0.59 gkg-1;农田滴灌对土壤脱盐与积盐影响并存;原荒地基础上进行滴灌,土壤呈脱盐趋势,土壤含盐量呈幂函数曲线下降,最长12年滴灌历史的多点不同滴灌年数地块含盐量平均值为6.38 g kg-1,总体仍然处于脱盐过程中;原耕地基础上长期滴灌,土壤呈积盐趋势,土层平均含盐量年均增长0.22 g kg-1,最长10年滴灌历史的多点不同滴灌年数田块平均含盐量增长为2.36 g kg-1,土壤含盐量增长趋于危害棉花生长、影响产量的临界值.干旱区绿洲长期滴灌将造成土壤积盐,应该引起科学研究和灌溉管理的高度重视;在节水灌溉过程中保证盐分淋洗用水是减缓滴灌农田土壤积盐必需的措施.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change(Grant No.2010CB950701,2010CB833503)the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Strategic Priority Research Program(Grant No.XDA05050602-1)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31070438)
文摘Canopy foliar Nitrogen Concentration （CNC） is one of the most important parameters influencing vegetation productivity in forest ecosystems. In this study, we explored the potential of imaging spectrometry （hyperspectral） remote sensing of CNC in conifer plantations in China’s subtropical red soil hilly region. Our analysis included data from 57 field plots scattered across two transects covered by Hyperion images. Single regression and partial least squares regression （PLSR） were used to explore the relationships between CNC and hyperspectral data. The correlations between CNC and nearinfrared relfectance （NIR） were consistent in three data subsets （subsets A-C）. For all subsets, CNC was signiifcantly positively correlated with NIR in the two transects （R2=0.29, 0.33 and 0.36, P＆lt;0.05 or P＆lt;0.01, respectively）. It suggested that the NIR-CNC relationship exist despite a weak one, and the relationship may be weakened by the single canopy structure. Besides, we also applied a shortwave infrared （SWIR） index - Normalized Difference Nitrogen Index （NDNI） to estimate CNC variation. NDNI presented a signiifcant positive correlation with CNC in different subsets, but like NIR, it was also with low coefifcient of determination （R2=0.38, 0.20 and 0.17, P＆lt;0.01, respectively）. Also, the correlations between CNC and the entire spectrum reflectance （or its derivative and logarithmic transformation） by PLSR owned different signiifcance in various subsets. We did not ifnd the very robust relationship like previous literatures, so the data we used were checked again. The paired T-test was applied to estimate the inlfuence of inter-annual variability of FNC on the relationships between CNC and Hyperion data. The inter-annual mismatch between period of ifeldwork and Hyperion acquisition had no inlfuence on the correlations of CNC-Hyperion data. Meanwhile, we pointed out that the lack of the canopy structure variation in conifer plantation area may lead to these weak relationsh
