品种改良对夏玉米单产的提升有重要贡献,但目前对现代夏玉米品种间产量形成差异的原因尚不明确。本研究在商河国家农作物品种展示示范中心设置大田试验,选用我国黄淮海区域近年来审定或将要审定的390个玉米品种,于玉米完熟期进行植株取...品种改良对夏玉米单产的提升有重要贡献,但目前对现代夏玉米品种间产量形成差异的原因尚不明确。本研究在商河国家农作物品种展示示范中心设置大田试验,选用我国黄淮海区域近年来审定或将要审定的390个玉米品种,于玉米完熟期进行植株取样,测定不同品种产量及其构成因素、完熟期干物质积累与分配、氮素的积累、分配与利用以及光温利用效率,探究不同夏玉米品种的产量及资源利用效率的差异及其形成原因。不同品种的夏玉米产量存在显著差异,收获穗数、穗粒数和千粒重对产量的直接通径系数分别为0.57、1.00和0.88,表明品种间产量差异主要由穗粒数的变化影响。植株的干物质和氮素的积累与分配均对夏玉米产量有极显著影响,与籽粒产量<7 t hm^(–2)的品种相比,7.0~8.0、8.0~9.0、9.0~10.0、10.0~11.0和>11.0 t hm^(–2)产量范围内的品种植株群体总干物质积累量分别提高了12.25%、20.52%、29.61%、40.11%和54.04%;籽粒氮素积累量分别提高了16.62%、24.85%、38.45%、48.42%和68.41%;籽粒干物质分配比例分别增加了5.11%、9.93%、13.32%、15.51%和17.94%,籽粒氮素分配比例分别增加了4.09%、7.24%、7.37%、7.31%和10.91%;籽粒光能利用效率分别提高了12.50%、21.25%、30.00%、41.25%和55.00%;籽粒温度利用效率分别提高了11.36%、20.45%、29.55%、39.77%和53.41%。高产玉米品种通过提高玉米群体干物质和氮素积累量,增加籽粒干物质及氮素分配比例,提高植株氮素和光温利用效率,促进产量构成三因素的协同提升,特别是穗粒数的提升,从而实现夏玉米高产高效生产。展开更多
The effects of the dressing rate of nitrogen fertilizer on rice morphological characteristics and grain yield and quality were studied, so as to clarify the optimal dressing rate of nitrogen fertilizer for rice variet...The effects of the dressing rate of nitrogen fertilizer on rice morphological characteristics and grain yield and quality were studied, so as to clarify the optimal dressing rate of nitrogen fertilizer for rice variety Shengdao 735. Six nitrogen appli- cation rates （No （0 kg/hm2）, N1 （69 kg/hm2）, N2 （138 kg/hm2）, N3 （207 kg/hm2）, N4 （276 kg/hm2） and N~ （345 kg/hm2）） were designed. The results showed that with the increase of the nitrogen application rate, the protein content and amylase content of rice increased; the plant height, tiller number, effective panicle number per hill and grain yield increased at first and decreased then; and the grain number per panicle, 1 000-grain weight and taste value decreased. The brown rice rate, head rice rate and chalky kernel percentage did not change significantly. Shengdao 735 gave the highest production in N4 treatment the nitrogen application rate of which was 276 kg/hm2. The result of regression analysis showed that the grain yield and economic benefit were the highest in treatment N4. The nitrogen fertilizer rate of 276 kg/hm2 was suitable for Shengdao 735.展开更多
文摘品种改良对夏玉米单产的提升有重要贡献,但目前对现代夏玉米品种间产量形成差异的原因尚不明确。本研究在商河国家农作物品种展示示范中心设置大田试验,选用我国黄淮海区域近年来审定或将要审定的390个玉米品种,于玉米完熟期进行植株取样,测定不同品种产量及其构成因素、完熟期干物质积累与分配、氮素的积累、分配与利用以及光温利用效率,探究不同夏玉米品种的产量及资源利用效率的差异及其形成原因。不同品种的夏玉米产量存在显著差异,收获穗数、穗粒数和千粒重对产量的直接通径系数分别为0.57、1.00和0.88,表明品种间产量差异主要由穗粒数的变化影响。植株的干物质和氮素的积累与分配均对夏玉米产量有极显著影响,与籽粒产量<7 t hm^(–2)的品种相比,7.0~8.0、8.0~9.0、9.0~10.0、10.0~11.0和>11.0 t hm^(–2)产量范围内的品种植株群体总干物质积累量分别提高了12.25%、20.52%、29.61%、40.11%和54.04%;籽粒氮素积累量分别提高了16.62%、24.85%、38.45%、48.42%和68.41%;籽粒干物质分配比例分别增加了5.11%、9.93%、13.32%、15.51%和17.94%,籽粒氮素分配比例分别增加了4.09%、7.24%、7.37%、7.31%和10.91%;籽粒光能利用效率分别提高了12.50%、21.25%、30.00%、41.25%和55.00%;籽粒温度利用效率分别提高了11.36%、20.45%、29.55%、39.77%和53.41%。高产玉米品种通过提高玉米群体干物质和氮素积累量,增加籽粒干物质及氮素分配比例,提高植株氮素和光温利用效率,促进产量构成三因素的协同提升,特别是穗粒数的提升,从而实现夏玉米高产高效生产。
文摘The effects of the dressing rate of nitrogen fertilizer on rice morphological characteristics and grain yield and quality were studied, so as to clarify the optimal dressing rate of nitrogen fertilizer for rice variety Shengdao 735. Six nitrogen appli- cation rates （No （0 kg/hm2）, N1 （69 kg/hm2）, N2 （138 kg/hm2）, N3 （207 kg/hm2）, N4 （276 kg/hm2） and N~ （345 kg/hm2）） were designed. The results showed that with the increase of the nitrogen application rate, the protein content and amylase content of rice increased; the plant height, tiller number, effective panicle number per hill and grain yield increased at first and decreased then; and the grain number per panicle, 1 000-grain weight and taste value decreased. The brown rice rate, head rice rate and chalky kernel percentage did not change significantly. Shengdao 735 gave the highest production in N4 treatment the nitrogen application rate of which was 276 kg/hm2. The result of regression analysis showed that the grain yield and economic benefit were the highest in treatment N4. The nitrogen fertilizer rate of 276 kg/hm2 was suitable for Shengdao 735.
