背景老龄化背景下,失能老人照护需求不容忽视。全面了解失能老人照护与支持需求可为政府决策部门合理制定照护方案提供参考依据。目的系统评价失能老人照护与支持需求相关的质性研究。方法于2022-12-03—2023-02-26系统检索Web of Scie...背景老龄化背景下,失能老人照护需求不容忽视。全面了解失能老人照护与支持需求可为政府决策部门合理制定照护方案提供参考依据。目的系统评价失能老人照护与支持需求相关的质性研究。方法于2022-12-03—2023-02-26系统检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统从建库至2023-02-26相关的质性研究。采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准进行文献质量评价,通过汇集性整合方法对原始质性研究结果进行归纳整合。结果本研究共纳入33篇质性研究,提炼出7个主题,共18个类别:日常生活相关需求(基础性日常生活活动、家务活动、照护特征),功能独立性需求(身体功能独立、自主决策独立),卫生保健相关需求(卫生保健服务内容、卫生保健服务体验、卫生保健服务需求表达),环境支持需求(客观环境支持、政策支持),正性情绪支持需求(情感慰藉、精神关怀),社会支持需求(社区支持性服务、活动参与、人际链接、信息链接),卫生技术相关需求(照护辅助设备、技术服务)。结论失能老人照护与支持需求复杂且多样。政府需要整合“家庭-社区-机构”资源以应对失能老人“身-心-社-医-环境”需求,从群体角度关注失能老人照护资源的分配公平,给予失能老人更多的社会福利。展开更多
OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PD...OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes consisting of 11 PDE families that hydrolyze cyclicAMP(cA MP) and/or cyclicGMP(cGMP). Among them,PDE4 is critical in the control of intracellular cAMP levels and has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of ethanol consumption.However,the functional role of PDE4 in mediating alcoholism remains unclear. METHODS Ethanol drinking and preference were examined using the two-bottle choice and/or drinking-in-dark(DID) test in high alcohol preferring(HAP) animals,including C57,HAP,and PDE4-subtype knockout mice,and Fawn-Hooded(FH/Wjd) rats,treated with or without the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram or roflumilast. Ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors were examined using the elevated plusmaze,holeboard,forced-swim,and tail-suspension tests in C57 mice or FH rats in the presence of PDE4 inhibition. Levels of cAMP,CREB were determined in brain regions. RESULTS Treatment with rolipram or roflumilast decreased ethanol intake and preference in two-bottle choice and DID tests in C57 and HAP mice as well as FH rats. Mice deficient in PDE4 B,but not PDE4 D,displayed similar effects to general PDE4 inhibition. In addition,rolipram reversed ethanol withdrawal-induced anxietyand depressive-like behaviors 1 d and 14 d,respectively,following withdrawal from ethanol drinking in the two-bottle choice in C57 mice or FH rats. Locomotor activity was not changed in either mice or rats treated with the PDE4 inhibitors. Levels of cAMP,p CREB in the brain were increased by rolipram.CONCLUSION The results provide solid evidence for the important role of PDE4 in ethanol consumptionand ethanol withdrawal-induced symptoms. Inhibitors of PDE4,in particular the PDE4 B isoform,can be a novel class of treatment for alcoholism.展开更多
文摘背景老龄化背景下,失能老人照护需求不容忽视。全面了解失能老人照护与支持需求可为政府决策部门合理制定照护方案提供参考依据。目的系统评价失能老人照护与支持需求相关的质性研究。方法于2022-12-03—2023-02-26系统检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统从建库至2023-02-26相关的质性研究。采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准进行文献质量评价,通过汇集性整合方法对原始质性研究结果进行归纳整合。结果本研究共纳入33篇质性研究,提炼出7个主题,共18个类别:日常生活相关需求(基础性日常生活活动、家务活动、照护特征),功能独立性需求(身体功能独立、自主决策独立),卫生保健相关需求(卫生保健服务内容、卫生保健服务体验、卫生保健服务需求表达),环境支持需求(客观环境支持、政策支持),正性情绪支持需求(情感慰藉、精神关怀),社会支持需求(社区支持性服务、活动参与、人际链接、信息链接),卫生技术相关需求(照护辅助设备、技术服务)。结论失能老人照护与支持需求复杂且多样。政府需要整合“家庭-社区-机构”资源以应对失能老人“身-心-社-医-环境”需求,从群体角度关注失能老人照护资源的分配公平,给予失能老人更多的社会福利。
文摘OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes consisting of 11 PDE families that hydrolyze cyclicAMP(cA MP) and/or cyclicGMP(cGMP). Among them,PDE4 is critical in the control of intracellular cAMP levels and has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of ethanol consumption.However,the functional role of PDE4 in mediating alcoholism remains unclear. METHODS Ethanol drinking and preference were examined using the two-bottle choice and/or drinking-in-dark(DID) test in high alcohol preferring(HAP) animals,including C57,HAP,and PDE4-subtype knockout mice,and Fawn-Hooded(FH/Wjd) rats,treated with or without the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram or roflumilast. Ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors were examined using the elevated plusmaze,holeboard,forced-swim,and tail-suspension tests in C57 mice or FH rats in the presence of PDE4 inhibition. Levels of cAMP,CREB were determined in brain regions. RESULTS Treatment with rolipram or roflumilast decreased ethanol intake and preference in two-bottle choice and DID tests in C57 and HAP mice as well as FH rats. Mice deficient in PDE4 B,but not PDE4 D,displayed similar effects to general PDE4 inhibition. In addition,rolipram reversed ethanol withdrawal-induced anxietyand depressive-like behaviors 1 d and 14 d,respectively,following withdrawal from ethanol drinking in the two-bottle choice in C57 mice or FH rats. Locomotor activity was not changed in either mice or rats treated with the PDE4 inhibitors. Levels of cAMP,p CREB in the brain were increased by rolipram.CONCLUSION The results provide solid evidence for the important role of PDE4 in ethanol consumptionand ethanol withdrawal-induced symptoms. Inhibitors of PDE4,in particular the PDE4 B isoform,can be a novel class of treatment for alcoholism.
