减少因氮肥施用而产生的N_2O对于全球N_2O的减排具有重要作用。本研究利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,对农民习惯施肥(FP)、氮肥条施(ND)、缓控释氮肥(CRF)和一次性分层施肥(LD)4个氮肥管理措施下的华北地区夏玉米农田生态系统N_2O排放进行了...减少因氮肥施用而产生的N_2O对于全球N_2O的减排具有重要作用。本研究利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,对农民习惯施肥(FP)、氮肥条施(ND)、缓控释氮肥(CRF)和一次性分层施肥(LD)4个氮肥管理措施下的华北地区夏玉米农田生态系统N_2O排放进行了观测,并分析不同处理下的N_2O减排效果和减排成本。结果表明,玉米季农田土壤N_2O排放峰值主要出现在施肥并灌溉后,峰值持续时间一般为3~5 d。与FP相比,ND、CRF和LD可以显著降低土壤N_2O的排放峰值,N_2O排放总量减少12.6%~18.9%,三者的减排效果依次为LD>CRF>ND。ND、CRF和LD均有N_2O减排和玉米增产的作用,但由于劳动力成本的提高,仅CRF和LD处理略有增收。与FP相比,三者的单位产量N排放强度和单位净收益N排放强度均有所降低。本试验条件下,每减排1 kg CO_2-eq,CRF可减少成本0.97元,而ND和LD的减排成本分别增加4.83和3.23元。如果生产中使用施肥机械,一次性分层施肥的减排成本可节省2元。综合来看,若无配套施肥机械,施用缓控释肥可被选为夏玉米保产减排且效益最优的氮肥管理措施;反之,也可选用一次性分层施肥。展开更多
基于室内模拟实验,研究了不同负压(0、-5、-10、-15、-20 k Pa)灌溉条件下土壤水分的运移规律。研究结果表明:不同负压条件下的负压灌溉湿润体均为近似椭球体,其水分入渗量及湿润锋的运移均与时间呈显著幂函数关系(Y=a X^b),相关系数在0...基于室内模拟实验,研究了不同负压(0、-5、-10、-15、-20 k Pa)灌溉条件下土壤水分的运移规律。研究结果表明:不同负压条件下的负压灌溉湿润体均为近似椭球体,其水分入渗量及湿润锋的运移均与时间呈显著幂函数关系(Y=a X^b),相关系数在0.99以上,入渗速率随负压绝对值增大而减小,-5 k Pa处理的渗水速率为对照的80%,-10 k Pa处理为对照的67%,-15和-20 k Pa处理均为对照的57%。湿润锋水平和垂直运移速度随负压绝对值增大而降低,与对照相比,-5 k Pa处理的垂直湿润锋延迟2 d到达箱底,-10 k Pa处理延迟5 d,-15 k Pa处理延迟8 d,-20k Pa处理延迟12 d。土壤含水量变幅随着控制水势下降而增加,下限土壤含水量减小。展开更多
To make clear the emission characteristics of soil N20 from typical green- house vegetable fields in North China, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse tomato field in Shouguang city, Shandong province, China＇s ...To make clear the emission characteristics of soil N20 from typical green- house vegetable fields in North China, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse tomato field in Shouguang city, Shandong province, China＇s ＂Home of Vegetables＂. The N2O fluxes were observed in four experimental treatments, as follows： none N fertilizer （CK）, single organic fertilizer （OM）, conventional fertilization （FP） and opti- mized and reduced nitrogen fertilization （OPT）, by a close chamber-gas chromato- graph method. The effects of different fertilization treatments on N2O emission and tomato yield were analyzed. The results showed that following the fertilization and ir- rigation, the pulsed emissions of N2O were measured. The N2O emission peak ap- peared after basal fertilizer application and irrigation and could be maintained for about 20 days. While the N2O emission peak caused by topdressing was smaller and last only 3-5 days. The statistical analysis showed that the N2O fluxes were affected by air temperature, soil temperature and WFPS at soil depth of 3 cm. The total contents of soil N2O fluxes had significant differences among experimental groups. The total content orderly was FP of 14. 77 kg/hm^2, OPT of 9. 73 kg/hm^2, OM of 6.84 kg/hm^2 and CK of 2.37 kg/hm^2. The N~：~ emission coefficient ranged from 0.83%-1.10%,which was close to or more than the recommended value （1.0%） by IPCC. Compared with the FP treatment, the tomato yield in OPT treatment, whose application rate of chemical N fertilizer decreased by about 60%, increased by 2.2%. Under the current management measures, the reasonable reduction on ap- plicaUon rate of organic manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer could effectively re- duce the N=O emissions in greenhouse vegetable fields.展开更多
文摘减少因氮肥施用而产生的N_2O对于全球N_2O的减排具有重要作用。本研究利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,对农民习惯施肥(FP)、氮肥条施(ND)、缓控释氮肥(CRF)和一次性分层施肥(LD)4个氮肥管理措施下的华北地区夏玉米农田生态系统N_2O排放进行了观测,并分析不同处理下的N_2O减排效果和减排成本。结果表明,玉米季农田土壤N_2O排放峰值主要出现在施肥并灌溉后,峰值持续时间一般为3~5 d。与FP相比,ND、CRF和LD可以显著降低土壤N_2O的排放峰值,N_2O排放总量减少12.6%~18.9%,三者的减排效果依次为LD>CRF>ND。ND、CRF和LD均有N_2O减排和玉米增产的作用,但由于劳动力成本的提高,仅CRF和LD处理略有增收。与FP相比,三者的单位产量N排放强度和单位净收益N排放强度均有所降低。本试验条件下,每减排1 kg CO_2-eq,CRF可减少成本0.97元,而ND和LD的减排成本分别增加4.83和3.23元。如果生产中使用施肥机械,一次性分层施肥的减排成本可节省2元。综合来看,若无配套施肥机械,施用缓控释肥可被选为夏玉米保产减排且效益最优的氮肥管理措施;反之,也可选用一次性分层施肥。
文摘基于室内模拟实验,研究了不同负压(0、-5、-10、-15、-20 k Pa)灌溉条件下土壤水分的运移规律。研究结果表明:不同负压条件下的负压灌溉湿润体均为近似椭球体,其水分入渗量及湿润锋的运移均与时间呈显著幂函数关系(Y=a X^b),相关系数在0.99以上,入渗速率随负压绝对值增大而减小,-5 k Pa处理的渗水速率为对照的80%,-10 k Pa处理为对照的67%,-15和-20 k Pa处理均为对照的57%。湿润锋水平和垂直运移速度随负压绝对值增大而降低,与对照相比,-5 k Pa处理的垂直湿润锋延迟2 d到达箱底,-10 k Pa处理延迟5 d,-15 k Pa处理延迟8 d,-20k Pa处理延迟12 d。土壤含水量变幅随着控制水势下降而增加,下限土壤含水量减小。
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201103039)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2013DQ023)+1 种基金Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Shandong Province(2013GNC11204)Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(Study on Environmental Regulation and Fertilizer Application Techniques for High Yield and High Efficiency Utilization of Greenhouse Tomato)~~
文摘To make clear the emission characteristics of soil N20 from typical green- house vegetable fields in North China, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse tomato field in Shouguang city, Shandong province, China＇s ＂Home of Vegetables＂. The N2O fluxes were observed in four experimental treatments, as follows： none N fertilizer （CK）, single organic fertilizer （OM）, conventional fertilization （FP） and opti- mized and reduced nitrogen fertilization （OPT）, by a close chamber-gas chromato- graph method. The effects of different fertilization treatments on N2O emission and tomato yield were analyzed. The results showed that following the fertilization and ir- rigation, the pulsed emissions of N2O were measured. The N2O emission peak ap- peared after basal fertilizer application and irrigation and could be maintained for about 20 days. While the N2O emission peak caused by topdressing was smaller and last only 3-5 days. The statistical analysis showed that the N2O fluxes were affected by air temperature, soil temperature and WFPS at soil depth of 3 cm. The total contents of soil N2O fluxes had significant differences among experimental groups. The total content orderly was FP of 14. 77 kg/hm^2, OPT of 9. 73 kg/hm^2, OM of 6.84 kg/hm^2 and CK of 2.37 kg/hm^2. The N~：~ emission coefficient ranged from 0.83%-1.10%,which was close to or more than the recommended value （1.0%） by IPCC. Compared with the FP treatment, the tomato yield in OPT treatment, whose application rate of chemical N fertilizer decreased by about 60%, increased by 2.2%. Under the current management measures, the reasonable reduction on ap- plicaUon rate of organic manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer could effectively re- duce the N=O emissions in greenhouse vegetable fields.
