环绕黄海和渤海的湿地是东亚—澳大利西亚水鸟迁徙路线的重要组成部分,是水鸟南北迁徙的重要驿站。为了掌握中国境内环绕黄海和渤海湿地中的水鸟现状,2016年、2017年和2018年春季,在30家单位的合作下,采用样线和样点调查法相结合,对中...环绕黄海和渤海的湿地是东亚—澳大利西亚水鸟迁徙路线的重要组成部分,是水鸟南北迁徙的重要驿站。为了掌握中国境内环绕黄海和渤海湿地中的水鸟现状,2016年、2017年和2018年春季,在30家单位的合作下,采用样线和样点调查法相结合,对中国境内环绕黄海和渤海的共26处(2016年和2017年春季调查了18处,2018年春季调查了23处)湿地中水鸟种类和多样性进行同步调查。调查结果表明,共记录到水鸟8目17科137种,个体数量为2 588 603只;其中,有鸻鹬类水鸟53种,其个体数量合计占调查区水鸟总个体数量的80.7%;有世界自然保护联盟(International Union for Conservation of Nature,IUCN)濒危物种红色名录中的极危种3种,濒危种6种,易危种6种,近危种13种;不同调查样区的水鸟丰富度差异明显,各种水鸟的个体数量差异较大;环绕黄海和渤海的湿地是鸻鹬类水鸟重要的停歇驿站,是青头潜鸭(Aythya baeri)、勺嘴鹬(Eurynorhynchus pygmeus)和东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)等珍稀水鸟的重要栖息地;在26处湿地中,2016年、2017年和2018年春季既符合《湿地公约》标准5又符合标准6的湿地数量分别为8处、8处和10处,2018年春季有17处湿地符合标准6,但是这些湿地受保护程度相对较低。在中国加强生态文明建设的形势下,保护好环绕黄海和渤海的湿地及其水鸟多样性显得尤为迫切。展开更多
Urban highway runoff samples from seventeen rainfall events were collected in Shanghai in 2011. The concentrations of ten heavy metals and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs are analyzed. The results show t...Urban highway runoff samples from seventeen rainfall events were collected in Shanghai in 2011. The concentrations of ten heavy metals and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs are analyzed. The results show that the heavy metal concentrations range within 0.50 to 51.80 As 0 to 20.80 Se 13.67 to 445.80 Zn 0 to 44.20 Pb 0 to 15.80 Ni 39.58 to 264.20 Fe 0 to 253.00 Mn 0 to 8.20 Cr 0 to 124.20 Cu and 159.83 to 536.40 μg/L Al . Se Pb Mn and Al concentrations in most samples exceed their corresponding criterion continuous concentrations CCCs while Zn and Cu concentrations exceed their criterion maximum concentrations CMCs .The concentrations ofΣPAHs range within 37.25 to 114.57 ng/L and concentrations of PAHs are all below their corresponding CCCs.Cu Zn and ΣPAHs show the first flush phenomenon. Analysis results of the modified Nemerow index method NIM indicate that runoff from eight rainfall events may have very strong biological toxicity effects four have strong effects three have moderate effects and only two have insignificant effects.Therefore it is concluded that urban highway runoff is a significant pollution source to aquatic ecosystems and needs immediate purification.展开更多
文摘环绕黄海和渤海的湿地是东亚—澳大利西亚水鸟迁徙路线的重要组成部分,是水鸟南北迁徙的重要驿站。为了掌握中国境内环绕黄海和渤海湿地中的水鸟现状,2016年、2017年和2018年春季,在30家单位的合作下,采用样线和样点调查法相结合,对中国境内环绕黄海和渤海的共26处(2016年和2017年春季调查了18处,2018年春季调查了23处)湿地中水鸟种类和多样性进行同步调查。调查结果表明,共记录到水鸟8目17科137种,个体数量为2 588 603只;其中,有鸻鹬类水鸟53种,其个体数量合计占调查区水鸟总个体数量的80.7%;有世界自然保护联盟(International Union for Conservation of Nature,IUCN)濒危物种红色名录中的极危种3种,濒危种6种,易危种6种,近危种13种;不同调查样区的水鸟丰富度差异明显,各种水鸟的个体数量差异较大;环绕黄海和渤海的湿地是鸻鹬类水鸟重要的停歇驿站,是青头潜鸭(Aythya baeri)、勺嘴鹬(Eurynorhynchus pygmeus)和东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)等珍稀水鸟的重要栖息地;在26处湿地中,2016年、2017年和2018年春季既符合《湿地公约》标准5又符合标准6的湿地数量分别为8处、8处和10处,2018年春季有17处湿地符合标准6,但是这些湿地受保护程度相对较低。在中国加强生态文明建设的形势下,保护好环绕黄海和渤海的湿地及其水鸟多样性显得尤为迫切。
基金Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.11231202100)
文摘Urban highway runoff samples from seventeen rainfall events were collected in Shanghai in 2011. The concentrations of ten heavy metals and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs are analyzed. The results show that the heavy metal concentrations range within 0.50 to 51.80 As 0 to 20.80 Se 13.67 to 445.80 Zn 0 to 44.20 Pb 0 to 15.80 Ni 39.58 to 264.20 Fe 0 to 253.00 Mn 0 to 8.20 Cr 0 to 124.20 Cu and 159.83 to 536.40 μg/L Al . Se Pb Mn and Al concentrations in most samples exceed their corresponding criterion continuous concentrations CCCs while Zn and Cu concentrations exceed their criterion maximum concentrations CMCs .The concentrations ofΣPAHs range within 37.25 to 114.57 ng/L and concentrations of PAHs are all below their corresponding CCCs.Cu Zn and ΣPAHs show the first flush phenomenon. Analysis results of the modified Nemerow index method NIM indicate that runoff from eight rainfall events may have very strong biological toxicity effects four have strong effects three have moderate effects and only two have insignificant effects.Therefore it is concluded that urban highway runoff is a significant pollution source to aquatic ecosystems and needs immediate purification.
