This is a study of cooperative medical schemes (CMSs) operating in rural China from the perspective of institutional embeddedness. As a kind of community based health micro insurance scheme,CMSs often suffer from fina...This is a study of cooperative medical schemes (CMSs) operating in rural China from the perspective of institutional embeddedness. As a kind of community based health micro insurance scheme,CMSs often suffer from financial vulnerability due to its small scale of risk pooling. CMSs operated relatively successfully during the pre reform era as the institutional environment in which they were embedded were favorable. Under the planned economy and tough social control,adverse selection and provider induced over provision of healthcare were non existent. During the market transition,CMSs encounter with so severe problem of adverse selection that they lose attractiveness to most of rural residents,and they are further sabotaged by bad governance. At the same time,healthcare providers,driven by marketization,have no longer had incentive to curtail cost increase. Chinese CMSs are at a crossroad,either developing towards a state-run voluntary health insurance scheme or maintaining its community-based nature but receiving strong support from the government.展开更多
Using a sample of 548 households in 48 Chinese villages,this paper studies the relationship between agricultural productivity and farm size.Our results show regularity the inverse relationship between land productivit...Using a sample of 548 households in 48 Chinese villages,this paper studies the relationship between agricultural productivity and farm size.Our results show regularity the inverse relationship between land productivity and farm size in China rural household foodstuff production,the GMM estimation about the elasticity coefficient of the plantation area on the output per mu is 0.58;In the provinces which the farm size are larger the elasticity coefficient are bigger.After by means of IV estimation and fixed effect models provided with controlling the select bias and heterogeneity of land quality,the inverse relationship can’t be explained by pure statistics viewpoints and self-selection.展开更多
文摘This is a study of cooperative medical schemes (CMSs) operating in rural China from the perspective of institutional embeddedness. As a kind of community based health micro insurance scheme,CMSs often suffer from financial vulnerability due to its small scale of risk pooling. CMSs operated relatively successfully during the pre reform era as the institutional environment in which they were embedded were favorable. Under the planned economy and tough social control,adverse selection and provider induced over provision of healthcare were non existent. During the market transition,CMSs encounter with so severe problem of adverse selection that they lose attractiveness to most of rural residents,and they are further sabotaged by bad governance. At the same time,healthcare providers,driven by marketization,have no longer had incentive to curtail cost increase. Chinese CMSs are at a crossroad,either developing towards a state-run voluntary health insurance scheme or maintaining its community-based nature but receiving strong support from the government.
文摘Using a sample of 548 households in 48 Chinese villages,this paper studies the relationship between agricultural productivity and farm size.Our results show regularity the inverse relationship between land productivity and farm size in China rural household foodstuff production,the GMM estimation about the elasticity coefficient of the plantation area on the output per mu is 0.58;In the provinces which the farm size are larger the elasticity coefficient are bigger.After by means of IV estimation and fixed effect models provided with controlling the select bias and heterogeneity of land quality,the inverse relationship can’t be explained by pure statistics viewpoints and self-selection.
