Philosophy of Value is an essential orientation in philosophical study. The key of the philosophy of value is to take the problems of values in human activities as the key problem of philosophy. Not only Hermann Lotze...Philosophy of Value is an essential orientation in philosophical study. The key of the philosophy of value is to take the problems of values in human activities as the key problem of philosophy. Not only Hermann Lotze, but also Karl. Marx, are the founding father of philosophy of value. All philosophical schools, such as the practice of analytical philosophy, Heidegger’s critique of the philosophy of value, the doctrines in Soviet Marxist philosophy, and the 20th century philosophical approach to values, conceal the reformative significance of philosophy of value. The Marxian Historical Materialism on the basis of practice is the starting point for the re-forming the philosophy of value.展开更多
The public interests should be the way achieving the individual benefits. In Rousseau’s theory, the public opinion is one kind of highly unsurpassed values. According to the Arrow Impossibility theorem, when each ind...The public interests should be the way achieving the individual benefits. In Rousseau’s theory, the public opinion is one kind of highly unsurpassed values. According to the Arrow Impossibility theorem, when each individual’s value criterion is emphasized, the absolute public interests will never exist. At the same time, the public choice theory proved that the public interests would be confirmed by the procedures, if these choice procedures are under certain rules. Habermas emphasized that the validity of public opinon must come from the wide participation by citizens. And only the inter-subjective consensus through widespread discussions in the public domain would be the legitimate public interests. The common part between Habermas and Rousseau is that they both emphasized the citizen participation in the origin of the political legitimacy; what is different, Habermas emphasized necessity of procedure in achieving inter-subjective consensus among citizens. The common part between Habermas’ theory and the public choice theory is that they both emphasized the principle of procedure legitimacy; the difference is that Habermas’ theory emphasized the continued political participation by citizens in the public domain. In the realistic political process, when the public interests are implemented, it is necessary to follow the legitimate procedures, respect the mutual recognition and compensate the victimized individuals.展开更多
文摘Philosophy of Value is an essential orientation in philosophical study. The key of the philosophy of value is to take the problems of values in human activities as the key problem of philosophy. Not only Hermann Lotze, but also Karl. Marx, are the founding father of philosophy of value. All philosophical schools, such as the practice of analytical philosophy, Heidegger’s critique of the philosophy of value, the doctrines in Soviet Marxist philosophy, and the 20th century philosophical approach to values, conceal the reformative significance of philosophy of value. The Marxian Historical Materialism on the basis of practice is the starting point for the re-forming the philosophy of value.
文摘The public interests should be the way achieving the individual benefits. In Rousseau’s theory, the public opinion is one kind of highly unsurpassed values. According to the Arrow Impossibility theorem, when each individual’s value criterion is emphasized, the absolute public interests will never exist. At the same time, the public choice theory proved that the public interests would be confirmed by the procedures, if these choice procedures are under certain rules. Habermas emphasized that the validity of public opinon must come from the wide participation by citizens. And only the inter-subjective consensus through widespread discussions in the public domain would be the legitimate public interests. The common part between Habermas and Rousseau is that they both emphasized the citizen participation in the origin of the political legitimacy; what is different, Habermas emphasized necessity of procedure in achieving inter-subjective consensus among citizens. The common part between Habermas’ theory and the public choice theory is that they both emphasized the principle of procedure legitimacy; the difference is that Habermas’ theory emphasized the continued political participation by citizens in the public domain. In the realistic political process, when the public interests are implemented, it is necessary to follow the legitimate procedures, respect the mutual recognition and compensate the victimized individuals.
