A small proportion of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes(MNDCMs),with regeneration potential,could persist in adult mammalian heart.However,the heterogeneity of MNDCMs and changes during development remains to be illu...A small proportion of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes(MNDCMs),with regeneration potential,could persist in adult mammalian heart.However,the heterogeneity of MNDCMs and changes during development remains to be illuminated.To this end,12645 cardiac cells were generated from embryonic day 17.5 and postnatal days 2 and 8 mice by single-cell RNA sequencing.Three cardiac developmental paths were identified:two switching to cardiomyocytes(CM)maturation with close CM–fibroblast(FB)communications and one maintaining MNDCM status with least CM–FB communications.Proliferative MNDCMs having interactions with macrophages and non-proliferative MNDCMs(non-pMNDCMs)with minimal cell–cell communications were identified in the third path.The non-pMNDCMs possessed distinct properties:the lowest mitochondrial metabolisms,the highest glycolysis,and high expression of Myl4 and Tnni1.Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining further proved that the Myl4^(+)Tnni1+MNDCMs persisted in embryonic and adult hearts.These MNDCMs were mapped to the heart by integrating the spatial and single-cell transcriptomic data.In conclusion,a novel non-pMNDCM subpopulation with minimal cell–cell communications was unveiled,highlighting the importance of microenvironment contribution to CM fate during maturation.These findings could improve the understanding of MNDCM heterogeneity and cardiac development,thus providing new clues for approaches to effective cardiac regeneration.展开更多
BACKGROUND The lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)is predominantly found in the stomach.The few cases reported in the literature of MALT lymphomas affecting the ileum are in patients who are alread...BACKGROUND The lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)is predominantly found in the stomach.The few cases reported in the literature of MALT lymphomas affecting the ileum are in patients who are already symptomatic and with clear advanced endoscopic findings.We present the first case of an asymptomatic female patient who underwent colonoscopy as a routine examination with the findings of an ulcer in the distal ileum region,which histopathological examination and associated immunohistochemistry revealed the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old asymptomatic female patient underwent a colonoscopy exam for screening.The examination revealed an ulcer of medium depth with well-defined borders covered by a thin layer of fibrin and a halo of hyperemia in the distal ileum portion.Findings are nonspecific but may signal infections by viruses,protozoa,and parasites or inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease.Biopsies of the ulcer were taken.The anatomopathological result revealed an atypical diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate of small cells with a characteristic cytoplasmic halo of marginal zone cells.The immunohistochemical study was performed and the results demonstrated a negative neoplastic infiltrate for the expression of cyclin D1 and cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and a positive for BCL60 in the germinal center.The test also revealed CD10 positivity in the glandular epithelium and germinal center of a reactive follicle with dual-labeling of CD20 and CD3 demonstrating the B lymphocyte nature of the neoplastic infiltrate.In BCL2 protein labeling,the neoplastic infiltrate is strongly positive with a negative germinal center.The findings are consistent with immunophenotype B non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,better classified as extranodal MALT.The patient was treated with chemotherapy and showed complete regression of the disease,as evidenced by colonoscopy performed after treatment.CONCLUSION MALT lymphomas in the terminal ileum are extremely rare and only 4 cases have been reported in the literature.Given 展开更多
Environmental pollution is one of the major problems for human health. Toxic heavy metals are normally present as soil constituents or can also be spread out in the environment by human activity and agricultural techn...Environmental pollution is one of the major problems for human health. Toxic heavy metals are normally present as soil constituents or can also be spread out in the environment by human activity and agricultural techniques. Soil contamination by heavy metals as cadmium, highlights two main aspects： on one side they interfere with the life cycle of plants and therefore reduce crop yields, and on the other hand, once adsorbed and accumulated into the plant tissues, they enter the food chain poisoning animals and humans. Considering this point of view, understanding the mechanism by which plants handle heavy metal exposure, in particular cadmium stress, is a primary goal of plant-biotechnology research or plant breeders whose aim is to create plants that are able to recover high amounts of heavy metals, which can be used for phytoremediation, or identify crop varieties that do not accumulate toxic metal in grains or fruits. In this review we focus on the main symptoms of cadmium toxicity both on root apparatus and shoots. We elucidate the mechanisms that plants activate to prevent absorption or to detoxify toxic metal ions, such as synthesis of phytochelatins, metallothioneins and enzymes involved in stress response. Finally we consider new plant-biotechnology applications that can be applied for phytoremediation.展开更多
The plant WRKY gene family represents an ancient and complex class of zinc-finger transcription factors(TFs)that are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes,such as development and senescence,and...The plant WRKY gene family represents an ancient and complex class of zinc-finger transcription factors(TFs)that are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes,such as development and senescence,and in plant response to many biotic and abiotic stresses.Despite the growing number of studies on the genomic organisation of WRKY gene family in different species,little information is available about this family in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.).In the present study,a total number of 59 putative grapevine WRKY transcription factors(VvWRKYs)were identified based on the analysis of various genomic and proteomic grapevine databases.According to their structural and phylogentic features,the identified grapevine WRKY transcription factors were classified into three main groups.In order to shed light into their regulatory roles in growth and development as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stress in grapevine,the VvWRKYs expression profiles were examined in publicly available microarray data.Bioinformatics analysis of these data revealed distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns of VvWRKYs in various tissues,organs and developmental stages,as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.To also extend our analysis to situations not covered by the arrays and to validate our results,the expression profiles of selected VvWRKYs in response to drought stress,Erysiphe necator(powdery mildew)infection,and hormone treatments(salicilic acid and ethylene),were investigated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR).The present study provides a foundation for further comparative genomics and functional studies of this important class of transcriptional regulators in grapevine.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the macrolide resistance rate and molecular type with multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis(MLVA)of Mycoplasma pneumoniae of Beijing in 2016 in pediatr...Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the macrolide resistance rate and molecular type with multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis(MLVA)of Mycoplasma pneumoniae of Beijing in 2016 in pediatric patients.Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to identify M.pneumoniae,and MLVA was performed.The domain V of the 23 S rRNA was sequenced to detect macrolide-resistant point mutations.We also investigated the activities of antibiotics against M.pneumoniae isolates in vitro.Results The PCR detection rate of M.pneumoniae in children in Beijing was 40%,and the macrolide resistance rate was 66%.The A2063 G mutation in the 23 S rRNA V region is the dominant mutation(137/146,93.84%),whereas the A2064 G mutation is rare(9/146,6.16%).Seventy-three samples were typed successfully by MLVA typing,including 86.3%(63/73)were MLVA type 4-5-7-2,and 13.7%(10/73)were MLVA type 3-5-6-2.No other types were found.No strains were resistant to levofloxacin or tetracycline.Conclusion In 2016,a specific decrease in the macrolide resistance rate occurred in Beijing.The detection rate and macrolide resistance rate of outpatients are lower than those of inpatients.The A2063 G mutants M.pneumoniae have high levels of resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin.The primary MLVA type is 4-5-7-2,followed by 3-5-6-2.No other MLVA types were detected.No strains resistant to tetracycline or levofloxacin were found in vitro.展开更多
SARISTU was a big cooperation project granted by the European Commission,7th Framework Programme,carried out between 2011 and 2015.It dealt with smart aeronautic structures,both morphing and sensored;its main target w...SARISTU was a big cooperation project granted by the European Commission,7th Framework Programme,carried out between 2011 and 2015.It dealt with smart aeronautic structures,both morphing and sensored;its main target was to demonstrate the feasibility of designing,manufacturing and operating in representative environment,instrumented structures.Till now,it represents the major effort carried out within the European Union on the development of adaptive architectures for air systems.Inside that big activity,the realization of an Adaptive Trailing Edge Device(ATED)for wing camber adaptations aimed at compensating the weight reduction following the fuel consumption during cruise was addressed.It made the core of investigations target variable geometry aircraft components together with two other analyses concerning the development of shape-changing winglet and droop nose.ATED activities were conducted by the Italian Aerospace Research Centre(CIRA)in tight cooperation with the University of Napoli,"Federico II",who coordinated a group of 12 different partners from 8 different nations(France,Germany,Greece,the Netherlands,Israel,Spain,Turkey,and Italy).In this paper,an integral synthesis of that work is reported,with a focus on the definition and realization of the components of the presented device.The publication is in fact meant as the first part of a series that is aimed at overviewing the whole adaptive trailing edge development,till wind tunnel tests execution.Such a concise report is a critical and harmonized review of what have been performed by many colleagues spread all over Europe,all of which are duly recalled in the reported bibliography where the reader may access more detailed information and descriptions.In detail,the paper starts with a general introduction of the concept and its aims,to move to the specs definition immediately after.Then,it deals with a short but comprehensive description of the main ATED components:structural skeleton,skin,actuation and sensing systems.It is worth remarking that the pa展开更多
This paper is the seventh in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,where 131 taxa accommodated in 28 families are mainly described from Rosa(Rosaceae)and a few other hosts.Novel fungal taxa are described in the present st...This paper is the seventh in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,where 131 taxa accommodated in 28 families are mainly described from Rosa(Rosaceae)and a few other hosts.Novel fungal taxa are described in the present study,including 17 new genera,93 new species,four combinations,a sexual record for a species and new host records for 16 species.Bhatiellae,Cycasicola,Dactylidina,Embarria,Hawksworthiana,Italica,Melanocucurbitaria,Melanodiplodia,Monoseptella,Uzbekistanica,Neoconiothyrium,Neopaucispora,Pararoussoella,Paraxylaria,Marjia,Sporormurispora and Xenomassariosphaeria are introduced as new ascomycete genera.We also introduce the new species Absidia jindoensis,Alternaria doliconidium,A.hampshirensis,Angustimassarina rosarum,Astragalicola vasilyevae,Backusella locustae,Bartalinia rosicola,Bhatiellae rosae,Broomella rosae,Castanediella camelliae,Coelodictyosporium rosarum,Comoclathris rosae,C.rosarum,Comoclathris rosigena,Coniochaeta baysunika,C.rosae,Cycasicola goaensis,Dactylidina shoemakeri,Dematiopleospora donetzica,D.rosicola,D.salsolae,Diaporthe rosae,D.rosicola,Endoconidioma rosaehissaricae,Epicoccum rosae,Hawksworthiana clematidicola,H.lonicerae,Italica achilleae,Keissleriella phragmiticola,K.rosacearum,K.rosae,K.rosarum,Lophiostoma rosae,Marjia tianschanica,M.uzbekistanica,Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica,Melanodiplodia tianschanica,Monoseptella rosae,Mucor fluvius,Muriformistrickeria rosae,Murilentithecium rosae,Neoascochyta rosicola,Neoconiothyrium rosae,Neopaucispora rosaecae,Neosetophoma rosarum,N.rosae,N.rosigena,Neostagonospora artemisiae,Ophiobolus artemisiicola,Paraconiothyrium rosae,Paraphaeosphaeria rosae,P.rosicola,Pararoussoella rosarum,Parathyridaria rosae,Paraxylaria rosacearum,Penicillium acidum,P.aquaticum,Phragmocamarosporium rosae,Pleospora rosae,P.rosae-caninae,Poaceicola agrostina,P.arundinicola,P.rosae,Populocrescentia ammophilae,P.rosae,Pseudocamarosporium pteleae,P.ulmi-minoris,Pseudocercospora rosae,Pseudopithomyces rosae,Pseudostrickeria rosae,Sclerostagonospora lathyri,S.rosa展开更多
BACKGROUND The shortage of liver grafts and subsequent waitlist mortality led us to expand the donor pool using liver grafts from older donors.AIM To determine the incidence,outcomes,and risk factors for biliary compl...BACKGROUND The shortage of liver grafts and subsequent waitlist mortality led us to expand the donor pool using liver grafts from older donors.AIM To determine the incidence,outcomes,and risk factors for biliary complications(BC)in liver transplantation(LT)using liver grafts from donors aged>70 years.METHODS Between January 1994 and December 31,2019,297 LTs were performed using donors older than 70 years.After excluding 47 LT for several reasons,we divided 250 LTs into two groups,namely post-LT BC(n=21)and without BC(n=229).This retrospective case-control study compared both groups.RESULTS Choledocho-choledochostomy without T-tube was the most frequent technique(76.2%in the BC group vs 92.6%in the non-BC group).Twenty-one patients(8.4%)developed BC(13 anastomotic strictures,7 biliary leakages,and 1 nonanastomotic biliary stricture).Nine patients underwent percutaneous balloon dilation and nine required a Rouxen-Y hepaticojejunostomy because of dilation failure.The incidence of post-LT complications(graft dysfunction,rejection,renal failure,and non-BC reoperations)was similar in both groups.There were no significant differences in the patient and graft survival between the groups.Moreover,only three deaths were attributed to BC.While female donors were protective factors for BC,donor cardiac arrest was a risk factor.CONCLUSION The incidence of BC was relatively low on using liver grafts>70 years.It could be managed in most cases by percutaneous dilation or Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy,without significant differences in the patient or graft survival between the groups.展开更多
Demarcation of family,genus and species boundaries in the Diaporthales has been tentative due to uninformative illus-trations and descriptions,overlapping morphological characteristics,misplacement or poor condition o...Demarcation of family,genus and species boundaries in the Diaporthales has been tentative due to uninformative illus-trations and descriptions,overlapping morphological characteristics,misplacement or poor condition of type specimens and shortage of molecular data from ex-type cultures.In this study,we obtained the type specimens or other authentic specimens of diaporthalean taxa from worldwide fungaria.We examined,described and illustrated them.This study is based on morphological characters from type or authentic specimens,details from protologue and original illustrations and molecular data obtained from GenBank.Combined analyses of nrITS,nrLSU,RPB2 and TEF1-a sequence data were used to construct the molecular phylogeny.Additionally,we provided separate phylogenetic trees for families when necessary to show the generic distribution within these families based on suitable gene markers.Based on morphology and phylogeny,we treat 17 genera previously assigned to Diaporthales genera incertae sedis within several families.For some genera we have designated new generic types as they are lacking type species or type species have affiliations with other families.We exclude Anisomycopsis from Diaporthales and place it in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis.Tirisporellaceae,which was previously placed in Tirisporellales is placed in Diaporthales based on phylogeny and morphology.A new combi-nation,Dendrostoma leiphaemia propose for Amphiporthe leiphaemia(Fr.)Butin.Based on the morphological characters and molecular data we accept 27 families and 138 genera within Diaporthales,24 genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis and one genus in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis.We provide notes for genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis,and excluded and doubtful genera are listed with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny.展开更多
This study investigated the adsorption of Hg（Ⅱ） on Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida in monometallic system in the presence of Zn（II）,Cd（Ⅱ） and Ni（II）.The two biosorbents reached the same maximum ...This study investigated the adsorption of Hg（Ⅱ） on Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida in monometallic system in the presence of Zn（II）,Cd（Ⅱ） and Ni（II）.The two biosorbents reached the same maximum sorption capacity （q m = 0.8 mmol/g） for mercury.U.pinnatifida showed a greater affinity （given by the coefficient b of the Langmuir equation） for mercury compared to M.pyrifera （4.4 versus 2.7 L/mmol）.Mercury uptake was significantly reduced （by more than 50%） in the presence of competitor heavy metals such as Zn（II）,Cd（II） and Ni（Ⅱ）.Samples analysis using an environmental scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis showed that mercury was heterogeneously adsorbed on the surface of both biomaterials,while the other heavy metals were homogeneous distributed.The analysis of biosorbents by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry indicated that Hg（Ⅱ） binding occurred on S=O （sulfonate） and N-H （amine） functional groups.展开更多
Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of an invasive strategy for elderly (aged≥75 years) patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). Methods...Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of an invasive strategy for elderly (aged≥75 years) patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). Methods Data on 366 of 409 elderly CS patients from a total of 6,132 acute STEMI cases enrolled in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry between January 2008 and June 2011, were collected and analyzed. In-hospital deaths and the 1-month and 1-year survival rates free from major adverse cardiac events (MACE;defined as all cause death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization) were reported for the patients who had undergone invasive (n=310) and conservative (n=56) treatment strategies. Results The baseline clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. There were fewer in-hospital deaths in the invasive treatment strategy group (23.5%vs. 46.4%, P<0.001). In addition, the 1-year MACE-free survival rate after invasive treatment was significantly lower compared with the conservative treatment (51%vs. 66%, P=0.001). Conclusions In elderly patients with acute STEMI complicated by CS, the outcomes of invasive strategy are similar to those in younger patients at the 1-year follow-up.展开更多
Invisibility or unhearability cloaks have been made possible by using metamaterials enabling light or sound to fow around obstacle without the trace of refections or shadows.Metamaterials are known for being fexible b...Invisibility or unhearability cloaks have been made possible by using metamaterials enabling light or sound to fow around obstacle without the trace of refections or shadows.Metamaterials are known for being fexible building units that can mimic a host of unusual and extreme material responses,which are essential when engineering artifcial material properties to realize a coordinate transforming cloak.Bending and stretching the coordinate grid in space require stringent material parameters;therefore,small inaccuracies and inevitable material losses become sources for unwanted scattering that are decremental to the desired efect.Tese obstacles further limit the possibility of achieving a robust concealment of sizeable objects from either radar or sonar detection.By using an elaborate arrangement of gain and lossy acoustic media respecting parity-time symmetry,we built a one-way unhearability cloak able to hide objects seven times larger than the acoustic wavelength.Generally speaking,our approach has no limits in terms of working frequency,shape,or size,specifcally though we demonstrate how,in principle,an object of the size of a human can be hidden from audible sound.展开更多
The management of diabetic wounds remains a critical therapeutic challenge. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel, PRP-derived exosomes (PRP-Exos), and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have demonstrated ther...The management of diabetic wounds remains a critical therapeutic challenge. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel, PRP-derived exosomes (PRP-Exos), and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in wound treatment. Unfortunately, their poor mechanical properties, the short half-lives of growth factors (GFs), and the burst release of GFs and exosomes have limited their clinical applications. Furthermore, proteases in diabetic wounds degrade GFs, which hampers wound repair. Silk fibroin is an enzyme-immobilization biomaterial that could protect GFs from proteases. Herein, we developed novel dual-crosslinked hydrogels based on silk protein (SP) (sericin and fibroin), including SP@PRP, SP@MSC-Exos, and SP@PRP-Exos, to promote diabetic wound healing synergistically. SP@PRP was prepared from PRP and SP using calcium gluconate/thrombin as agonist, while SP@PRP-Exos and SP@MSC-Exos were derived from exosomes and SP with genipin as crosslinker. SP provided improved mechanical properties and enabled the sustained release of GFs and exosomes, thereby overcoming the limitations of PRP and exosomes in wound healing. The dual-crosslinked hydrogels displayed shear-induced thinning, self-healing, and eradication of microbial biofilms in a bone-mimicking environment. In vivo, the dual-crosslinked hydrogels contributed to faster diabetic wound healing than PRP and SP by upregulating GFs expression, down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, and by promoting an anti-NETotic effect, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization. Hence, these dual-crosslinked hydrogels have the potential to be translated into a new generation of diabetic wound dressings.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFA1101901)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,HUST (No.2021GCRC073).
文摘A small proportion of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes(MNDCMs),with regeneration potential,could persist in adult mammalian heart.However,the heterogeneity of MNDCMs and changes during development remains to be illuminated.To this end,12645 cardiac cells were generated from embryonic day 17.5 and postnatal days 2 and 8 mice by single-cell RNA sequencing.Three cardiac developmental paths were identified:two switching to cardiomyocytes(CM)maturation with close CM–fibroblast(FB)communications and one maintaining MNDCM status with least CM–FB communications.Proliferative MNDCMs having interactions with macrophages and non-proliferative MNDCMs(non-pMNDCMs)with minimal cell–cell communications were identified in the third path.The non-pMNDCMs possessed distinct properties:the lowest mitochondrial metabolisms,the highest glycolysis,and high expression of Myl4 and Tnni1.Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining further proved that the Myl4^(+)Tnni1+MNDCMs persisted in embryonic and adult hearts.These MNDCMs were mapped to the heart by integrating the spatial and single-cell transcriptomic data.In conclusion,a novel non-pMNDCM subpopulation with minimal cell–cell communications was unveiled,highlighting the importance of microenvironment contribution to CM fate during maturation.These findings could improve the understanding of MNDCM heterogeneity and cardiac development,thus providing new clues for approaches to effective cardiac regeneration.
文摘BACKGROUND The lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)is predominantly found in the stomach.The few cases reported in the literature of MALT lymphomas affecting the ileum are in patients who are already symptomatic and with clear advanced endoscopic findings.We present the first case of an asymptomatic female patient who underwent colonoscopy as a routine examination with the findings of an ulcer in the distal ileum region,which histopathological examination and associated immunohistochemistry revealed the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old asymptomatic female patient underwent a colonoscopy exam for screening.The examination revealed an ulcer of medium depth with well-defined borders covered by a thin layer of fibrin and a halo of hyperemia in the distal ileum portion.Findings are nonspecific but may signal infections by viruses,protozoa,and parasites or inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease.Biopsies of the ulcer were taken.The anatomopathological result revealed an atypical diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate of small cells with a characteristic cytoplasmic halo of marginal zone cells.The immunohistochemical study was performed and the results demonstrated a negative neoplastic infiltrate for the expression of cyclin D1 and cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and a positive for BCL60 in the germinal center.The test also revealed CD10 positivity in the glandular epithelium and germinal center of a reactive follicle with dual-labeling of CD20 and CD3 demonstrating the B lymphocyte nature of the neoplastic infiltrate.In BCL2 protein labeling,the neoplastic infiltrate is strongly positive with a negative germinal center.The findings are consistent with immunophenotype B non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,better classified as extranodal MALT.The patient was treated with chemotherapy and showed complete regression of the disease,as evidenced by colonoscopy performed after treatment.CONCLUSION MALT lymphomas in the terminal ileum are extremely rare and only 4 cases have been reported in the literature.Given
文摘Environmental pollution is one of the major problems for human health. Toxic heavy metals are normally present as soil constituents or can also be spread out in the environment by human activity and agricultural techniques. Soil contamination by heavy metals as cadmium, highlights two main aspects： on one side they interfere with the life cycle of plants and therefore reduce crop yields, and on the other hand, once adsorbed and accumulated into the plant tissues, they enter the food chain poisoning animals and humans. Considering this point of view, understanding the mechanism by which plants handle heavy metal exposure, in particular cadmium stress, is a primary goal of plant-biotechnology research or plant breeders whose aim is to create plants that are able to recover high amounts of heavy metals, which can be used for phytoremediation, or identify crop varieties that do not accumulate toxic metal in grains or fruits. In this review we focus on the main symptoms of cadmium toxicity both on root apparatus and shoots. We elucidate the mechanisms that plants activate to prevent absorption or to detoxify toxic metal ions, such as synthesis of phytochelatins, metallothioneins and enzymes involved in stress response. Finally we consider new plant-biotechnology applications that can be applied for phytoremediation.
基金This workwas supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Modern Horticultural Science in Jiangsu Province.
文摘The plant WRKY gene family represents an ancient and complex class of zinc-finger transcription factors(TFs)that are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes,such as development and senescence,and in plant response to many biotic and abiotic stresses.Despite the growing number of studies on the genomic organisation of WRKY gene family in different species,little information is available about this family in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.).In the present study,a total number of 59 putative grapevine WRKY transcription factors(VvWRKYs)were identified based on the analysis of various genomic and proteomic grapevine databases.According to their structural and phylogentic features,the identified grapevine WRKY transcription factors were classified into three main groups.In order to shed light into their regulatory roles in growth and development as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stress in grapevine,the VvWRKYs expression profiles were examined in publicly available microarray data.Bioinformatics analysis of these data revealed distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns of VvWRKYs in various tissues,organs and developmental stages,as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.To also extend our analysis to situations not covered by the arrays and to validate our results,the expression profiles of selected VvWRKYs in response to drought stress,Erysiphe necator(powdery mildew)infection,and hormone treatments(salicilic acid and ethylene),were investigated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR).The present study provides a foundation for further comparative genomics and functional studies of this important class of transcriptional regulators in grapevine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.81271890]Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission Grant[No.Z161100000116088 and Z1711000017081]
文摘Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the macrolide resistance rate and molecular type with multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis(MLVA)of Mycoplasma pneumoniae of Beijing in 2016 in pediatric patients.Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to identify M.pneumoniae,and MLVA was performed.The domain V of the 23 S rRNA was sequenced to detect macrolide-resistant point mutations.We also investigated the activities of antibiotics against M.pneumoniae isolates in vitro.Results The PCR detection rate of M.pneumoniae in children in Beijing was 40%,and the macrolide resistance rate was 66%.The A2063 G mutation in the 23 S rRNA V region is the dominant mutation(137/146,93.84%),whereas the A2064 G mutation is rare(9/146,6.16%).Seventy-three samples were typed successfully by MLVA typing,including 86.3%(63/73)were MLVA type 4-5-7-2,and 13.7%(10/73)were MLVA type 3-5-6-2.No other types were found.No strains were resistant to levofloxacin or tetracycline.Conclusion In 2016,a specific decrease in the macrolide resistance rate occurred in Beijing.The detection rate and macrolide resistance rate of outpatients are lower than those of inpatients.The A2063 G mutants M.pneumoniae have high levels of resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin.The primary MLVA type is 4-5-7-2,followed by 3-5-6-2.No other MLVA types were detected.No strains resistant to tetracycline or levofloxacin were found in vitro.
基金The research herein reported did gratefully receive funding from Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union(FP7/2007-2013)under Grant Agreement N.284562,SARISTUThe project was prodigiously and effectively coordinated by Piet Christof Woelcken(Airbus)with the support of Michael Papadopoulos(EASN–European Aeronautic Science Network).
文摘SARISTU was a big cooperation project granted by the European Commission,7th Framework Programme,carried out between 2011 and 2015.It dealt with smart aeronautic structures,both morphing and sensored;its main target was to demonstrate the feasibility of designing,manufacturing and operating in representative environment,instrumented structures.Till now,it represents the major effort carried out within the European Union on the development of adaptive architectures for air systems.Inside that big activity,the realization of an Adaptive Trailing Edge Device(ATED)for wing camber adaptations aimed at compensating the weight reduction following the fuel consumption during cruise was addressed.It made the core of investigations target variable geometry aircraft components together with two other analyses concerning the development of shape-changing winglet and droop nose.ATED activities were conducted by the Italian Aerospace Research Centre(CIRA)in tight cooperation with the University of Napoli,"Federico II",who coordinated a group of 12 different partners from 8 different nations(France,Germany,Greece,the Netherlands,Israel,Spain,Turkey,and Italy).In this paper,an integral synthesis of that work is reported,with a focus on the definition and realization of the components of the presented device.The publication is in fact meant as the first part of a series that is aimed at overviewing the whole adaptive trailing edge development,till wind tunnel tests execution.Such a concise report is a critical and harmonized review of what have been performed by many colleagues spread all over Europe,all of which are duly recalled in the reported bibliography where the reader may access more detailed information and descriptions.In detail,the paper starts with a general introduction of the concept and its aims,to move to the specs definition immediately after.Then,it deals with a short but comprehensive description of the main ATED components:structural skeleton,skin,actuation and sensing systems.It is worth remarking that the pa
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP#0089.We thank the technical staff of Center of Excellence in Fungal Research,Sornram Sukpisit and Wilawan Punyaboon for their invaluable assistance.Dhanushka Wanasinghe would like to thank the Molecular Biology Experimental Center at Kunming Institute of Botany for facilities for molecular work.We are also grateful to Anuruddha Karunarathna,Binu Samarakoon and Digvijayini Bundhun for their valuable assistance.Dhanushka Wanasinghe is also thankful to Hiran Ariyawansa for his valuable suggestions.Hyang Burm Lee was supported by the Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Korea,and the Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal Species of Korea funded by NIBR,and the Project on Discovery of Fungi from Freshwater and Collection of Fungarium funded by NNIBR of the Ministry of Environment(MOE),and the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(PJ012957)Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.Chayanard Phukhamsakda would like to thank Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program under Thailand Research Fund,for the award of a scholarship no.PHD/0020/2557+1 种基金Ausana Mapook is grateful to Research and Researchers for Industries(RRI)PHD57I0012R.Jeewon is grateful to University of Mauritius&Mae Fah Luang University for enabling research collaboration.K.D.Hyde thanks to National Research Council of Thailand(Mae Fah Luang University)for grants‘‘Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae’’(Grant No:592010200112)and Thailand Research Fund(TRF)Grant No RSA5980068 entitled‘‘Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans’’.National Research Council of Thailand(Mae Fah Luang University)grant no 60201000201 entitled‘‘Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice’’.K.D.Hyde is an Adjunc
文摘This paper is the seventh in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,where 131 taxa accommodated in 28 families are mainly described from Rosa(Rosaceae)and a few other hosts.Novel fungal taxa are described in the present study,including 17 new genera,93 new species,four combinations,a sexual record for a species and new host records for 16 species.Bhatiellae,Cycasicola,Dactylidina,Embarria,Hawksworthiana,Italica,Melanocucurbitaria,Melanodiplodia,Monoseptella,Uzbekistanica,Neoconiothyrium,Neopaucispora,Pararoussoella,Paraxylaria,Marjia,Sporormurispora and Xenomassariosphaeria are introduced as new ascomycete genera.We also introduce the new species Absidia jindoensis,Alternaria doliconidium,A.hampshirensis,Angustimassarina rosarum,Astragalicola vasilyevae,Backusella locustae,Bartalinia rosicola,Bhatiellae rosae,Broomella rosae,Castanediella camelliae,Coelodictyosporium rosarum,Comoclathris rosae,C.rosarum,Comoclathris rosigena,Coniochaeta baysunika,C.rosae,Cycasicola goaensis,Dactylidina shoemakeri,Dematiopleospora donetzica,D.rosicola,D.salsolae,Diaporthe rosae,D.rosicola,Endoconidioma rosaehissaricae,Epicoccum rosae,Hawksworthiana clematidicola,H.lonicerae,Italica achilleae,Keissleriella phragmiticola,K.rosacearum,K.rosae,K.rosarum,Lophiostoma rosae,Marjia tianschanica,M.uzbekistanica,Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica,Melanodiplodia tianschanica,Monoseptella rosae,Mucor fluvius,Muriformistrickeria rosae,Murilentithecium rosae,Neoascochyta rosicola,Neoconiothyrium rosae,Neopaucispora rosaecae,Neosetophoma rosarum,N.rosae,N.rosigena,Neostagonospora artemisiae,Ophiobolus artemisiicola,Paraconiothyrium rosae,Paraphaeosphaeria rosae,P.rosicola,Pararoussoella rosarum,Parathyridaria rosae,Paraxylaria rosacearum,Penicillium acidum,P.aquaticum,Phragmocamarosporium rosae,Pleospora rosae,P.rosae-caninae,Poaceicola agrostina,P.arundinicola,P.rosae,Populocrescentia ammophilae,P.rosae,Pseudocamarosporium pteleae,P.ulmi-minoris,Pseudocercospora rosae,Pseudopithomyces rosae,Pseudostrickeria rosae,Sclerostagonospora lathyri,S.rosa
文摘BACKGROUND The shortage of liver grafts and subsequent waitlist mortality led us to expand the donor pool using liver grafts from older donors.AIM To determine the incidence,outcomes,and risk factors for biliary complications(BC)in liver transplantation(LT)using liver grafts from donors aged>70 years.METHODS Between January 1994 and December 31,2019,297 LTs were performed using donors older than 70 years.After excluding 47 LT for several reasons,we divided 250 LTs into two groups,namely post-LT BC(n=21)and without BC(n=229).This retrospective case-control study compared both groups.RESULTS Choledocho-choledochostomy without T-tube was the most frequent technique(76.2%in the BC group vs 92.6%in the non-BC group).Twenty-one patients(8.4%)developed BC(13 anastomotic strictures,7 biliary leakages,and 1 nonanastomotic biliary stricture).Nine patients underwent percutaneous balloon dilation and nine required a Rouxen-Y hepaticojejunostomy because of dilation failure.The incidence of post-LT complications(graft dysfunction,rejection,renal failure,and non-BC reoperations)was similar in both groups.There were no significant differences in the patient and graft survival between the groups.Moreover,only three deaths were attributed to BC.While female donors were protective factors for BC,donor cardiac arrest was a risk factor.CONCLUSION The incidence of BC was relatively low on using liver grafts>70 years.It could be managed in most cases by percutaneous dilation or Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy,without significant differences in the patient or graft survival between the groups.
基金National Research Council of Thailand(Mae Fah Luang University)for the grant"Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae"(Grant No.592010200112)Thailand Research Fund(TRF)grant no RSA5980068 entitled"Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans",the National Research Council of Thailand(Mae Fah Luang University)Grant No.60201000201 entitled"Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice"+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(number 2018PC0006)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for funding this work under the project code 31750110478。
文摘Demarcation of family,genus and species boundaries in the Diaporthales has been tentative due to uninformative illus-trations and descriptions,overlapping morphological characteristics,misplacement or poor condition of type specimens and shortage of molecular data from ex-type cultures.In this study,we obtained the type specimens or other authentic specimens of diaporthalean taxa from worldwide fungaria.We examined,described and illustrated them.This study is based on morphological characters from type or authentic specimens,details from protologue and original illustrations and molecular data obtained from GenBank.Combined analyses of nrITS,nrLSU,RPB2 and TEF1-a sequence data were used to construct the molecular phylogeny.Additionally,we provided separate phylogenetic trees for families when necessary to show the generic distribution within these families based on suitable gene markers.Based on morphology and phylogeny,we treat 17 genera previously assigned to Diaporthales genera incertae sedis within several families.For some genera we have designated new generic types as they are lacking type species or type species have affiliations with other families.We exclude Anisomycopsis from Diaporthales and place it in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis.Tirisporellaceae,which was previously placed in Tirisporellales is placed in Diaporthales based on phylogeny and morphology.A new combi-nation,Dendrostoma leiphaemia propose for Amphiporthe leiphaemia(Fr.)Butin.Based on the morphological characters and molecular data we accept 27 families and 138 genera within Diaporthales,24 genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis and one genus in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis.We provide notes for genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis,and excluded and doubtful genera are listed with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny.
基金supported by ANPCyT (PICT 25300)CONICET (PIP 5147)the European Commission through the ALFA program BIO-PROAM (Contract number:AML/190901/06/18414/II-0548-FC-FA)
文摘This study investigated the adsorption of Hg（Ⅱ） on Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida in monometallic system in the presence of Zn（II）,Cd（Ⅱ） and Ni（II）.The two biosorbents reached the same maximum sorption capacity （q m = 0.8 mmol/g） for mercury.U.pinnatifida showed a greater affinity （given by the coefficient b of the Langmuir equation） for mercury compared to M.pyrifera （4.4 versus 2.7 L/mmol）.Mercury uptake was significantly reduced （by more than 50%） in the presence of competitor heavy metals such as Zn（II）,Cd（II） and Ni（Ⅱ）.Samples analysis using an environmental scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis showed that mercury was heterogeneously adsorbed on the surface of both biomaterials,while the other heavy metals were homogeneous distributed.The analysis of biosorbents by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry indicated that Hg（Ⅱ） binding occurred on S=O （sulfonate） and N-H （amine） functional groups.
文摘Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of an invasive strategy for elderly (aged≥75 years) patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). Methods Data on 366 of 409 elderly CS patients from a total of 6,132 acute STEMI cases enrolled in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry between January 2008 and June 2011, were collected and analyzed. In-hospital deaths and the 1-month and 1-year survival rates free from major adverse cardiac events (MACE;defined as all cause death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization) were reported for the patients who had undergone invasive (n=310) and conservative (n=56) treatment strategies. Results The baseline clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. There were fewer in-hospital deaths in the invasive treatment strategy group (23.5%vs. 46.4%, P<0.001). In addition, the 1-year MACE-free survival rate after invasive treatment was significantly lower compared with the conservative treatment (51%vs. 66%, P=0.001). Conclusions In elderly patients with acute STEMI complicated by CS, the outcomes of invasive strategy are similar to those in younger patients at the 1-year follow-up.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0303700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11634006)+2 种基金the Innovation Special Zone of National Defense Science and Technology.Te authors would like to thank Prof.Jing Lu and Prof.Jian-cheng Tao for fruitful discussions.Daniel Torrent acknowledges the support from the MINECO through a Ramon y Cajal grant(Grant no.RYC-2016-21188)Johan Christensen acknowledges the support from the European Research Council(ERC)through the Starting Grant no.714577 PHONOMETA and from the MINECO through a Ramon y Cajal grant(Grant no.RYC-2015-17156)Johan Christensen would like to thank Romain Fleury and Andrea Alu for helpful suggestions and stimulating discussions.
文摘Invisibility or unhearability cloaks have been made possible by using metamaterials enabling light or sound to fow around obstacle without the trace of refections or shadows.Metamaterials are known for being fexible building units that can mimic a host of unusual and extreme material responses,which are essential when engineering artifcial material properties to realize a coordinate transforming cloak.Bending and stretching the coordinate grid in space require stringent material parameters;therefore,small inaccuracies and inevitable material losses become sources for unwanted scattering that are decremental to the desired efect.Tese obstacles further limit the possibility of achieving a robust concealment of sizeable objects from either radar or sonar detection.By using an elaborate arrangement of gain and lossy acoustic media respecting parity-time symmetry,we built a one-way unhearability cloak able to hide objects seven times larger than the acoustic wavelength.Generally speaking,our approach has no limits in terms of working frequency,shape,or size,specifcally though we demonstrate how,in principle,an object of the size of a human can be hidden from audible sound.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973076)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(2020kfyXJJS035).
文摘The management of diabetic wounds remains a critical therapeutic challenge. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel, PRP-derived exosomes (PRP-Exos), and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in wound treatment. Unfortunately, their poor mechanical properties, the short half-lives of growth factors (GFs), and the burst release of GFs and exosomes have limited their clinical applications. Furthermore, proteases in diabetic wounds degrade GFs, which hampers wound repair. Silk fibroin is an enzyme-immobilization biomaterial that could protect GFs from proteases. Herein, we developed novel dual-crosslinked hydrogels based on silk protein (SP) (sericin and fibroin), including SP@PRP, SP@MSC-Exos, and SP@PRP-Exos, to promote diabetic wound healing synergistically. SP@PRP was prepared from PRP and SP using calcium gluconate/thrombin as agonist, while SP@PRP-Exos and SP@MSC-Exos were derived from exosomes and SP with genipin as crosslinker. SP provided improved mechanical properties and enabled the sustained release of GFs and exosomes, thereby overcoming the limitations of PRP and exosomes in wound healing. The dual-crosslinked hydrogels displayed shear-induced thinning, self-healing, and eradication of microbial biofilms in a bone-mimicking environment. In vivo, the dual-crosslinked hydrogels contributed to faster diabetic wound healing than PRP and SP by upregulating GFs expression, down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, and by promoting an anti-NETotic effect, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization. Hence, these dual-crosslinked hydrogels have the potential to be translated into a new generation of diabetic wound dressings.
