Plasma testosterone levels display circadian variation, peaking during sleep, and reaching a nadir in the late afternoon, with a superimposed ultradian rhythm with pulses every 90 min reflecting the underlying rhythm ...Plasma testosterone levels display circadian variation, peaking during sleep, and reaching a nadir in the late afternoon, with a superimposed ultradian rhythm with pulses every 90 min reflecting the underlying rhythm of pulsatile luteinizing hormone （LH） secretion. The increase in testosterone is sleep, rather than circadian rhythm, dependent and requires at least 3h of sleep with a normal architecture. Various disorders of sleep including abnormalities of sleep quality, duration, circadian rhythm disruption, and sleep-disordered breathing may result in a reduction in testosterone levels. The evidence, to support a direct effect of sleep restriction or circadian rhythm disruption on testosterone independent of an effect on sex hormone binding globulin （SHBG）, or the presence of comorbid conditions, is equivocal and on balance seems tenuous. Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） appears to have no direct effect on testosterone, after adjusting for age and obesity. However, a possible indirect causal process may exist mediated by the effect of OSA on obesity. Treatment of moderate to severe OSA with continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） does not reliably increase testosterone levels in most studies. In contrast, a reduction in weight does so predictably and linearly in proportion to the amount of weight lost. Apart from a very transient deleterious effect, testosterone treatment does not adversely affect OSA. The data on the effect of sleep quality on testosterone may depend on whether testosterone is given as replacement, in supratherapeutic doses, or in the context abuse. Experimental data suggest that testosterone may modulate individual vulnerability to subjective symptoms of sleep restriction. Low testosterone may affect overall sleep quality which is improved by replacement doses. Large doses of exogenous testosterone and anabolic/androgenic steroid abuse are associated with abnormalities of sleep duration and architecture.展开更多
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between stress, fatigue and sleep quality among shift work nurses in Japan. Design: A descriptive correlation design using self-administered surveys. Methods: Questionnaires on...Purpose: To investigate the relationship between stress, fatigue and sleep quality among shift work nurses in Japan. Design: A descriptive correlation design using self-administered surveys. Methods: Questionnaires on stress, fatigue and sleep quality (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index;PSQI-J) among shift work nurses were distributed to 653 nurses in Japan from January 2015 to February 2015. Results: Participants who reported higher levels of fatigue reported higher levels of stress (r = 0.774, p = 0.000), lower levels of sleep satisfaction (r = −0.411, p = 0.000) and overall lower levels of health (r = −0.323, p = 0.000).PSQI scores were also significantly correlated with reported levels of stress (r = 0.294, p = 0.000), fatigue (r = 0.291, p = 0.000) and levels of health (r = −0.370, p = 0.000). Nurses who have stress-relieving recourses were younger (t = −2.842, p = 0.005), reported higher levels of overall health (t = 2.727, p = 0.007), had higher levels of sleep quality measured by the PSQI (t = −2.560, p = 0.011), and required less time to fall asleep (t = −3.207, p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed an association between stress and sleep satisfaction among shift work nurses in Japan. In addition, nurses that engage in activities to manage stress might achieve higher levels of health and high sleep quality.展开更多
Synchrony of biological processes with environmental cues developed over millennia to match growth, reproduction and senescence. This entails a complex interplay of genetic, metabolic, chemical, light, hormonal andhed...Synchrony of biological processes with environmental cues developed over millennia to match growth, reproduction and senescence. This entails a complex interplay of genetic, metabolic, chemical, light, hormonal andhedonistic factors across life forms. Sleep is one of the most prominent rhythms where such a match is established. Over the past 100 years or so, it has been possible to disturb the synchrony between sleep-wake cycle and environmental cues. Development of electric lights, shift work and continual accessibility of the internet has disrupted this match. As a result, many noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease and malignancies have been attributed in part to such disruption. In this presentation a review is made of the origin and evolution of sleep studies, the pathogenic mediators for such asynchrony, clinical evidence and relevance and suggested management options to deal with the disturbances.展开更多
Introduction: Sleep is critical to human physiological function, cognitive performance, and emotional regulation. Healthcare personnel, especially physicians, are chronically exposed to long working hours, which are o...Introduction: Sleep is critical to human physiological function, cognitive performance, and emotional regulation. Healthcare personnel, especially physicians, are chronically exposed to long working hours, which are often accompanied by decreased sleep time. Clinical evidence indicates that these conditions affect their cognitive function and professional practice, but researchers in the field have not sufficiently explored the possible effects of reductions in sleep time on social cognition. Objective: The aim of this is to further explore the effects of sleep restriction among medical residents, the specific impairments in social cognition that it produces, and the effects of a sleep hygiene orientation on those impairments. Method: There were 124 medical residents (50 males, 74 females) who completed a daily sleep/work log, a battery of sleep tests/questionnaires, and neuropsychological evaluations. The participants then received a short course (8 hours) on basic concepts of sleep hygiene and sleep psychoeducation. Once the course was completed, participants filled out the questionnaires again. Results: The results indicate that sleep disturbances in medical residents were associated with severe neurocognitive and social cognition impairments. After the sleep hygiene intervention, neuropsychological function and sleep parameters improved, awareness increased, and social cognition performance significantly improved. Conclusion: Using sleep psychoeducation and sleep hygiene intervention in medical residents is a simple strategy to mitigate the effects of sleep restriction.展开更多
day work and shift work) and cigarette smoking in Japanese workers. We used data of 3,238 men (39.3 ± 10.5 years) and 5,111 women (37.1 ± 10.9 years), aged 20 - 59 years, by cross-sectional clinical investig...day work and shift work) and cigarette smoking in Japanese workers. We used data of 3,238 men (39.3 ± 10.5 years) and 5,111 women (37.1 ± 10.9 years), aged 20 - 59 years, by cross-sectional clinical investigation study. Work style i.e. day work and shift work, cigarette smoking, status of stress and stress coping were obtained by questionnaires by well-trained medical staff. A total of 227 men (7.0%) and 339 women (6.6%) were shift workers, and 1346 men (41.6%) and 649 women (12.7%) were current smokers. Work style was significantly linked to cigarette smoking, stress and stress coping after adjusting for age in women. In addition, the level of stress coping in subjects with cigarette smoking was significantly lower than that in subjects without cigarette smoking even after adjusting for age in women. However, these associations were not noted in men. Work style was critically associated with cigarette smoking in Japanese female workers.展开更多
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare nutrients intake, anthropometric, biochemical and psychiatric indices between shift working and day-time nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conduc...Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare nutrients intake, anthropometric, biochemical and psychiatric indices between shift working and day-time nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in which ninety eight female nurses (55 day-time workers and 43 shift workers) from six educational hospitals of Jondi-Shapour University of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran were participated. A questionnaire including dietary, anthropometric, disease history and lifestyle pattern questions was completed and 3-day 24-hour recalls, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were collected. Serum hs-CRP and 25(OH)D3 concentrations were measured by immunoturbidimetric and electrochemiluminescent immunoassay method, respectively. Anthropometric indices were measured according to World health organization standard protocol. Independent sample t and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a lower dietary intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, magnesium and iron in shift worker compared with day-time nurses (p < 0.05). No significant differences in serum hs-CRP concentrations, serum 25(OH)D3 levels, vitamin D deficiency percentage, hemoglobin and hematocrite concentrations, and also anthropometric and psychiatric variables were found between two groups. Duration of exposure to sunlight was significantly higher in shift workers than in day time nurses. Engagement time in weekly physical exercise was around 11 times greater in day-time nurses compared with the shift work nurses (p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that shift working is associated with some nutritional deficiencies and sedentary lifestyle among female nurses.展开更多
Many construction projects are met with stringent timelines or the threat of exorbitant liquidated damages. In addition, construction schedulers are frequently forced to incorporate aggressive schedule compression tec...Many construction projects are met with stringent timelines or the threat of exorbitant liquidated damages. In addition, construction schedulers are frequently forced to incorporate aggressive schedule compression techniques. As already discussed by previous researchers, these schedule compression techniques have direct impacts on project productivity and quality defects.Researchers have also pointed out that schedule compression will affect safety incidents such as Occupational Safety & Health Administration recordable injuries and near misses over long project durations. However, most of the existing studies treated safety as a subcategory of project productivity and project quality, and minimal research has been done to directly quantify the effect of schedule compression on safety at the project level.Therefore, in this research, we conducted a survey and statistical analysis to investigate the relationship between schedule compression and safety in construction projects.We interviewed various members of the Houston construction community from both industrial and non-industrial roles. Statistical analysis was used to identify factors that have significant impacts on the occurrence of safety incidents at an industry specific level.展开更多
文摘Plasma testosterone levels display circadian variation, peaking during sleep, and reaching a nadir in the late afternoon, with a superimposed ultradian rhythm with pulses every 90 min reflecting the underlying rhythm of pulsatile luteinizing hormone （LH） secretion. The increase in testosterone is sleep, rather than circadian rhythm, dependent and requires at least 3h of sleep with a normal architecture. Various disorders of sleep including abnormalities of sleep quality, duration, circadian rhythm disruption, and sleep-disordered breathing may result in a reduction in testosterone levels. The evidence, to support a direct effect of sleep restriction or circadian rhythm disruption on testosterone independent of an effect on sex hormone binding globulin （SHBG）, or the presence of comorbid conditions, is equivocal and on balance seems tenuous. Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） appears to have no direct effect on testosterone, after adjusting for age and obesity. However, a possible indirect causal process may exist mediated by the effect of OSA on obesity. Treatment of moderate to severe OSA with continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） does not reliably increase testosterone levels in most studies. In contrast, a reduction in weight does so predictably and linearly in proportion to the amount of weight lost. Apart from a very transient deleterious effect, testosterone treatment does not adversely affect OSA. The data on the effect of sleep quality on testosterone may depend on whether testosterone is given as replacement, in supratherapeutic doses, or in the context abuse. Experimental data suggest that testosterone may modulate individual vulnerability to subjective symptoms of sleep restriction. Low testosterone may affect overall sleep quality which is improved by replacement doses. Large doses of exogenous testosterone and anabolic/androgenic steroid abuse are associated with abnormalities of sleep duration and architecture.
文摘Purpose: To investigate the relationship between stress, fatigue and sleep quality among shift work nurses in Japan. Design: A descriptive correlation design using self-administered surveys. Methods: Questionnaires on stress, fatigue and sleep quality (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index;PSQI-J) among shift work nurses were distributed to 653 nurses in Japan from January 2015 to February 2015. Results: Participants who reported higher levels of fatigue reported higher levels of stress (r = 0.774, p = 0.000), lower levels of sleep satisfaction (r = −0.411, p = 0.000) and overall lower levels of health (r = −0.323, p = 0.000).PSQI scores were also significantly correlated with reported levels of stress (r = 0.294, p = 0.000), fatigue (r = 0.291, p = 0.000) and levels of health (r = −0.370, p = 0.000). Nurses who have stress-relieving recourses were younger (t = −2.842, p = 0.005), reported higher levels of overall health (t = 2.727, p = 0.007), had higher levels of sleep quality measured by the PSQI (t = −2.560, p = 0.011), and required less time to fall asleep (t = −3.207, p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed an association between stress and sleep satisfaction among shift work nurses in Japan. In addition, nurses that engage in activities to manage stress might achieve higher levels of health and high sleep quality.
文摘Synchrony of biological processes with environmental cues developed over millennia to match growth, reproduction and senescence. This entails a complex interplay of genetic, metabolic, chemical, light, hormonal andhedonistic factors across life forms. Sleep is one of the most prominent rhythms where such a match is established. Over the past 100 years or so, it has been possible to disturb the synchrony between sleep-wake cycle and environmental cues. Development of electric lights, shift work and continual accessibility of the internet has disrupted this match. As a result, many noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease and malignancies have been attributed in part to such disruption. In this presentation a review is made of the origin and evolution of sleep studies, the pathogenic mediators for such asynchrony, clinical evidence and relevance and suggested management options to deal with the disturbances.
文摘Introduction: Sleep is critical to human physiological function, cognitive performance, and emotional regulation. Healthcare personnel, especially physicians, are chronically exposed to long working hours, which are often accompanied by decreased sleep time. Clinical evidence indicates that these conditions affect their cognitive function and professional practice, but researchers in the field have not sufficiently explored the possible effects of reductions in sleep time on social cognition. Objective: The aim of this is to further explore the effects of sleep restriction among medical residents, the specific impairments in social cognition that it produces, and the effects of a sleep hygiene orientation on those impairments. Method: There were 124 medical residents (50 males, 74 females) who completed a daily sleep/work log, a battery of sleep tests/questionnaires, and neuropsychological evaluations. The participants then received a short course (8 hours) on basic concepts of sleep hygiene and sleep psychoeducation. Once the course was completed, participants filled out the questionnaires again. Results: The results indicate that sleep disturbances in medical residents were associated with severe neurocognitive and social cognition impairments. After the sleep hygiene intervention, neuropsychological function and sleep parameters improved, awareness increased, and social cognition performance significantly improved. Conclusion: Using sleep psychoeducation and sleep hygiene intervention in medical residents is a simple strategy to mitigate the effects of sleep restriction.
文摘day work and shift work) and cigarette smoking in Japanese workers. We used data of 3,238 men (39.3 ± 10.5 years) and 5,111 women (37.1 ± 10.9 years), aged 20 - 59 years, by cross-sectional clinical investigation study. Work style i.e. day work and shift work, cigarette smoking, status of stress and stress coping were obtained by questionnaires by well-trained medical staff. A total of 227 men (7.0%) and 339 women (6.6%) were shift workers, and 1346 men (41.6%) and 649 women (12.7%) were current smokers. Work style was significantly linked to cigarette smoking, stress and stress coping after adjusting for age in women. In addition, the level of stress coping in subjects with cigarette smoking was significantly lower than that in subjects without cigarette smoking even after adjusting for age in women. However, these associations were not noted in men. Work style was critically associated with cigarette smoking in Japanese female workers.
文摘Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare nutrients intake, anthropometric, biochemical and psychiatric indices between shift working and day-time nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in which ninety eight female nurses (55 day-time workers and 43 shift workers) from six educational hospitals of Jondi-Shapour University of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran were participated. A questionnaire including dietary, anthropometric, disease history and lifestyle pattern questions was completed and 3-day 24-hour recalls, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were collected. Serum hs-CRP and 25(OH)D3 concentrations were measured by immunoturbidimetric and electrochemiluminescent immunoassay method, respectively. Anthropometric indices were measured according to World health organization standard protocol. Independent sample t and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a lower dietary intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, magnesium and iron in shift worker compared with day-time nurses (p < 0.05). No significant differences in serum hs-CRP concentrations, serum 25(OH)D3 levels, vitamin D deficiency percentage, hemoglobin and hematocrite concentrations, and also anthropometric and psychiatric variables were found between two groups. Duration of exposure to sunlight was significantly higher in shift workers than in day time nurses. Engagement time in weekly physical exercise was around 11 times greater in day-time nurses compared with the shift work nurses (p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that shift working is associated with some nutritional deficiencies and sedentary lifestyle among female nurses.
文摘Many construction projects are met with stringent timelines or the threat of exorbitant liquidated damages. In addition, construction schedulers are frequently forced to incorporate aggressive schedule compression techniques. As already discussed by previous researchers, these schedule compression techniques have direct impacts on project productivity and quality defects.Researchers have also pointed out that schedule compression will affect safety incidents such as Occupational Safety & Health Administration recordable injuries and near misses over long project durations. However, most of the existing studies treated safety as a subcategory of project productivity and project quality, and minimal research has been done to directly quantify the effect of schedule compression on safety at the project level.Therefore, in this research, we conducted a survey and statistical analysis to investigate the relationship between schedule compression and safety in construction projects.We interviewed various members of the Houston construction community from both industrial and non-industrial roles. Statistical analysis was used to identify factors that have significant impacts on the occurrence of safety incidents at an industry specific level.
