[目的]研究麦田施用高效氯氟氰菊酯对施药人员的暴露水平和风险评估。[方法]采用手动背负式喷雾器,在麦田中施用高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂,通过全身整体取样方法分析施药者的人体暴露量,研究麦田施用高效氯氟氰菊酯对操作人员的暴露风险。[...[目的]研究麦田施用高效氯氟氰菊酯对施药人员的暴露水平和风险评估。[方法]采用手动背负式喷雾器,在麦田中施用高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂,通过全身整体取样方法分析施药者的人体暴露量,研究麦田施用高效氯氟氰菊酯对操作人员的暴露风险。[结果]施药者的人体暴露量为18.57 m L/h,约占总施药液量的0.03%,主要暴露部位为下身(大腿和小腿),约占总暴露量的75%。施药者的暴露界限(MOE)值均远大于100。[结论]在研究的暴露场下喷施高效氯氟氰菊酯,人体暴露是安全的。展开更多
There is little information about drivers’body balance responses to combined exposure of noise and vibration.To fill the gap,this study aims to investigate the combined effects of exposure to noise and whole-body vib...There is little information about drivers’body balance responses to combined exposure of noise and vibration.To fill the gap,this study aims to investigate the combined effects of exposure to noise and whole-body vibration(WBV)on the body balance under simulated driving conditions.For this purpose,30 male participants were exposed to noise level at 85 dB(A)and two vibration levels(0.87 and 1.3 m/s^(2))in five sessions.The design of the study was repeated-measures,and it attempted to assess the effects of 40 minutes of exposure to noise and/or WBV.Moreover,the participants’fatigue was measured with the Borg scale(CR 10).The findings revealed there was a significant change in body sway after WBV and combined noise and WBV exposure(p<0.05).However,no significant difference was found in exposure to noise alone(p>0.05).The effect sizes of exposure to noise,WBV(1.3 m/s^(2)),and combined noise and WBV(1.3 m/s^(2))on body balance were 0.035,0.425,and 0.635,respectively.Also,single exposure to WBV caused more fatigue than single exposure to noise(p<0.05).Combined noise and WBV exposure descriptively caused more fatigue in comparison with the influence of WBV alone.The study concluded that the combined effects of exposure to noise and vibration are more than the sum of them.So,some synergistic effects may be observed in human body balance.It is essential to increase drivers’awareness and revise current health care interventions about new possible effects of combined exposures.展开更多
In China, although improvements to the pesticide registration process have been made in la thirty years, no occupational exposure data are required to obtain a commercial license for pesticide product. Consequently, n...In China, although improvements to the pesticide registration process have been made in la thirty years, no occupational exposure data are required to obtain a commercial license for pesticide product. Consequently, notably little research has been conducted to establish a exposure assessment procedure in China. The present study monitored the potential derm operator exposure from knapsack electric sprayer wheat field application of imidacloprid Liaocheng City, Shandong Province and in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China, usin whole-body dosimetry. The potential inhalation exposure was determined using a person air pump and XAD-2 sample tubes. The analytical method was developed and validate including such performance parameters as limits of detection and quantification, linear rang recovery and precision. The total potential dermal and inhalation exposures were 14.20, 16.815.39 and 20.78 mL/hr, respectively, for the four operators in Liaocheng and Xinxian corresponding to 0.02% to 0.03% of the applied volume of spray solution. In all trials, the low part（thigh, lower leg） of the body was the most contaminated, accounting for approximate76% to 88% of the total exposure. The inhalation exposure was less than 1% of the tot exposure. Such factors as the application pattern, crop type, spray equipment, operat experience and climatic conditions have been used to explain the exposure distribution ov the different parts of the body. As indicated by the calculated Margin of Exposure, the typic wheat treatment scenarios when a backpack sprayer was used are considered to be safe terms of imidacloprid exposure.展开更多
文摘[目的]研究麦田施用高效氯氟氰菊酯对施药人员的暴露水平和风险评估。[方法]采用手动背负式喷雾器,在麦田中施用高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂,通过全身整体取样方法分析施药者的人体暴露量,研究麦田施用高效氯氟氰菊酯对操作人员的暴露风险。[结果]施药者的人体暴露量为18.57 m L/h,约占总施药液量的0.03%,主要暴露部位为下身(大腿和小腿),约占总暴露量的75%。施药者的暴露界限(MOE)值均远大于100。[结论]在研究的暴露场下喷施高效氯氟氰菊酯,人体暴露是安全的。
基金This study was financially supported by Research Deputy of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences(Grant No.9802241621).We would like to appreciate the students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences for their participation in this project。
文摘There is little information about drivers’body balance responses to combined exposure of noise and vibration.To fill the gap,this study aims to investigate the combined effects of exposure to noise and whole-body vibration(WBV)on the body balance under simulated driving conditions.For this purpose,30 male participants were exposed to noise level at 85 dB(A)and two vibration levels(0.87 and 1.3 m/s^(2))in five sessions.The design of the study was repeated-measures,and it attempted to assess the effects of 40 minutes of exposure to noise and/or WBV.Moreover,the participants’fatigue was measured with the Borg scale(CR 10).The findings revealed there was a significant change in body sway after WBV and combined noise and WBV exposure(p<0.05).However,no significant difference was found in exposure to noise alone(p>0.05).The effect sizes of exposure to noise,WBV(1.3 m/s^(2)),and combined noise and WBV(1.3 m/s^(2))on body balance were 0.035,0.425,and 0.635,respectively.Also,single exposure to WBV caused more fatigue than single exposure to noise(p<0.05).Combined noise and WBV exposure descriptively caused more fatigue in comparison with the influence of WBV alone.The study concluded that the combined effects of exposure to noise and vibration are more than the sum of them.So,some synergistic effects may be observed in human body balance.It is essential to increase drivers’awareness and revise current health care interventions about new possible effects of combined exposures.
基金supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (No. 2014CB932204)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (No. 200903054)
文摘In China, although improvements to the pesticide registration process have been made in la thirty years, no occupational exposure data are required to obtain a commercial license for pesticide product. Consequently, notably little research has been conducted to establish a exposure assessment procedure in China. The present study monitored the potential derm operator exposure from knapsack electric sprayer wheat field application of imidacloprid Liaocheng City, Shandong Province and in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China, usin whole-body dosimetry. The potential inhalation exposure was determined using a person air pump and XAD-2 sample tubes. The analytical method was developed and validate including such performance parameters as limits of detection and quantification, linear rang recovery and precision. The total potential dermal and inhalation exposures were 14.20, 16.815.39 and 20.78 mL/hr, respectively, for the four operators in Liaocheng and Xinxian corresponding to 0.02% to 0.03% of the applied volume of spray solution. In all trials, the low part（thigh, lower leg） of the body was the most contaminated, accounting for approximate76% to 88% of the total exposure. The inhalation exposure was less than 1% of the tot exposure. Such factors as the application pattern, crop type, spray equipment, operat experience and climatic conditions have been used to explain the exposure distribution ov the different parts of the body. As indicated by the calculated Margin of Exposure, the typic wheat treatment scenarios when a backpack sprayer was used are considered to be safe terms of imidacloprid exposure.
