氧化亚氮(N_2O)是一种重要的农田温室气体,本研究利用紫色土长期施肥试验平台,采用静态箱/气相色谱法对紫色土旱作农田冬小麦—夏玉米轮作系统的N_2O排放进行了定位观测(2012年11月至2013年9月),研究单施氮肥(N)、常规氮磷钾肥(NPK)、...氧化亚氮(N_2O)是一种重要的农田温室气体,本研究利用紫色土长期施肥试验平台,采用静态箱/气相色谱法对紫色土旱作农田冬小麦—夏玉米轮作系统的N_2O排放进行了定位观测(2012年11月至2013年9月),研究单施氮肥(N)、常规氮磷钾肥(NPK)、猪厩肥(OM)、猪厩肥配施氮磷钾肥(OMNPK)和秸秆还田配施氮磷钾肥(ICRNPK)等施肥方式对紫色土N_2O排放特征的影响;不施肥(NF)作为对照计算排放系数,以探寻紫色土地区可操作性强、环境友好的施肥方式。结果表明,所有施肥方式的N_2O排放均呈现双峰排放,峰值出现在施肥初期;玉米季N_2O排放峰值显著高于小麦季(p<0.05)。在相同的施氮水平(小麦季130 kg hm^(^(-2)),玉米季150 kg hm^(^(-2)))下,施肥方式对N_2O排放和作物产量均有显著影响(p<0.05)。N、OM、NPK、OMNPK和ICRNPK处理的土壤N_2O周年累积排放量分别为1.93、1.96、1.12、1.50和0.79 kg hm^(^(-2)),排放系数分别为0.62%、0.63%、0.33%、0.47%和0.21%,全年作物产量分别为4.35、11.95、8.39、9.77、10.93 t hm^(^(-2))。施用猪厩肥显著增加N_2O排放量,而秸秆还田在保证作物产量的同时显著降低N_2O排放量,可作为紫色土地区环境友好的施肥方式。土壤无机氮(NO_3^--N和NH_4^+-N)是N_2O排放的主要限制因子。因此,在施氮水平相同时,施肥方式对紫色土活性氮含量的影响导致N_2O排放差异显著,是土壤N_2O排放差异的根本原因。土壤孔隙充水率也是影响N_2O排放的重要环境因子,并且其对N_2O排放的影响存在阈值效应。展开更多
A 15-year field experiment was carried out in Henan Province, China, to study the effects of different fertilization practices on yield of a wheat-maize rotation. Fertilizers tested contained N alone (N), N plus P (NP...A 15-year field experiment was carried out in Henan Province, China, to study the effects of different fertilization practices on yield of a wheat-maize rotation. Fertilizers tested contained N alone (N), N plus P (NP) or plus P and K (NPK), all with or without manure (M). Different long-term fertilization practices affected the yields under the rotation system of wheat and maize differently and the effects on yields was in a general trend of MNPK＞MNP＞MN＞NPK＞NP＞M＞N＞the control. The average contribution rate of soil fertility to the highest yield was 37.9%, and the rest 62.1% came from fertilizer applications. The yield effects of the chemical fertilizers were in the order of N＞P＞K and were increased by application of manure.Balanced fertilization with multielement chemical fertilizers and manure can be effective in maintaining growth in agricultural production. Combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure also increased the content of soil organic matter.展开更多
文摘氧化亚氮(N_2O)是一种重要的农田温室气体,本研究利用紫色土长期施肥试验平台,采用静态箱/气相色谱法对紫色土旱作农田冬小麦—夏玉米轮作系统的N_2O排放进行了定位观测(2012年11月至2013年9月),研究单施氮肥(N)、常规氮磷钾肥(NPK)、猪厩肥(OM)、猪厩肥配施氮磷钾肥(OMNPK)和秸秆还田配施氮磷钾肥(ICRNPK)等施肥方式对紫色土N_2O排放特征的影响;不施肥(NF)作为对照计算排放系数,以探寻紫色土地区可操作性强、环境友好的施肥方式。结果表明,所有施肥方式的N_2O排放均呈现双峰排放,峰值出现在施肥初期;玉米季N_2O排放峰值显著高于小麦季(p<0.05)。在相同的施氮水平(小麦季130 kg hm^(^(-2)),玉米季150 kg hm^(^(-2)))下,施肥方式对N_2O排放和作物产量均有显著影响(p<0.05)。N、OM、NPK、OMNPK和ICRNPK处理的土壤N_2O周年累积排放量分别为1.93、1.96、1.12、1.50和0.79 kg hm^(^(-2)),排放系数分别为0.62%、0.63%、0.33%、0.47%和0.21%,全年作物产量分别为4.35、11.95、8.39、9.77、10.93 t hm^(^(-2))。施用猪厩肥显著增加N_2O排放量,而秸秆还田在保证作物产量的同时显著降低N_2O排放量,可作为紫色土地区环境友好的施肥方式。土壤无机氮(NO_3^--N和NH_4^+-N)是N_2O排放的主要限制因子。因此,在施氮水平相同时,施肥方式对紫色土活性氮含量的影响导致N_2O排放差异显著,是土壤N_2O排放差异的根本原因。土壤孔隙充水率也是影响N_2O排放的重要环境因子,并且其对N_2O排放的影响存在阈值效应。
文摘A 15-year field experiment was carried out in Henan Province, China, to study the effects of different fertilization practices on yield of a wheat-maize rotation. Fertilizers tested contained N alone (N), N plus P (NP) or plus P and K (NPK), all with or without manure (M). Different long-term fertilization practices affected the yields under the rotation system of wheat and maize differently and the effects on yields was in a general trend of MNPK＞MNP＞MN＞NPK＞NP＞M＞N＞the control. The average contribution rate of soil fertility to the highest yield was 37.9%, and the rest 62.1% came from fertilizer applications. The yield effects of the chemical fertilizers were in the order of N＞P＞K and were increased by application of manure.Balanced fertilization with multielement chemical fertilizers and manure can be effective in maintaining growth in agricultural production. Combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure also increased the content of soil organic matter.
