Fusarium head blight(FHB) is a global wheat disease that devastates wheat production. Resistance to FHB spread within a wheat spike(type Ⅱ resistance) and to mycotoxin accumulation in infected kernel(type Ⅲ resistan...Fusarium head blight(FHB) is a global wheat disease that devastates wheat production. Resistance to FHB spread within a wheat spike(type Ⅱ resistance) and to mycotoxin accumulation in infected kernel(type Ⅲ resistance) are the two main types of resistance. Of hundreds of QTL that have been reported, only a few can be used in wheat breeding because most show minor and/or inconsistent effects in different genetic backgrounds. We describe a new strategy for identifying robust and reliable meta-QTL(mQTL)that can be used for improvement of wheat FHB resistance. It involves integration of mQTL analysis with mQTL physical mapping and identification of single-copy markers and candidate genes. Using metaanalysis, we consolidated 625 original QTL from 113 publications into 118 genetic map-based mQTL(gmQTL). These gmQTL were further located on the Chinese Spring reference sequence map. Finally, 77 high-confidence mQTL(hcmQTL) were selected from the reference sequence-based mQTL(smQTL).Locus-specific single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers and17 genes responsive to FHB were then identified in the hcmQTL intervals by combined analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data. This work may lead to a comprehensive molecular breeding platform for improving wheat resistance to FHB.展开更多
Wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight(FHB)has often been associated with some undesirable agronomic traits.To study the relationship between wheat FHB resistance and agronomic traits,we constructed a linkage map of...Wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight(FHB)has often been associated with some undesirable agronomic traits.To study the relationship between wheat FHB resistance and agronomic traits,we constructed a linkage map of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)using an F6:8 population from G97252WG97380A.The two hard winter wheat parents showed contrasts in FHB resistance,plant height(HT),heading date(HD),spike length(SL),spike compactness(SC),kernel number per spike(KNS),spikelet number per spike(SNS),thousand-grain weight(TGW)and grain size(length and width).Quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping identified one major QTL(QFhb.hwwg-2DS)on chromosome arm 2DS for the percentage of symptomatic spikelets(PSS)in the spike,deoxynivalenol(DON)content and Fusarium damaged kernel(FDK).This QTL explained up to 71.8%of the phenotypic variation for the three FHB-related traits and overlapped with the major QTL for HT,HD,SL,KNS,SNS,TGW,and grain size.QTL on chromosome arms 2AL,2DS,3AL and 4BS were significant for the spike and grain traits measured.G97252W contributed FHB resistance and high SNS alleles at QFhb.hwwg-2DS,high KNS alleles at the QTL on 2AL and 2DS,and high TGW and grain size alleles at QTL on 3AL;whereas G97380A contributed high TGW and grain size alleles at the QTL on 2AL and 2DS,respectively,and the high KNS allele at the 4BS QTL.Combining QFhb.hwwg-2DS with positive alleles for spike and grain traits from other chromosomes may simultaneously improve FHB resistance and grain yield in new cultivars.展开更多
Grain of 30 winter wheat cultivars was screened for the content of seven flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin, rutin, vitexin). In total, 90 samples were analyzed, belonging to three combi...Grain of 30 winter wheat cultivars was screened for the content of seven flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin, rutin, vitexin). In total, 90 samples were analyzed, belonging to three combinations: the control, samples inoculated with Fusarium culmorum, and samples inoculated with Fusarium culmorum and protected with fungicides (Prosaro, Topsin M). Analyzed flavonoids were detected in all tested samples. The highest concentrations were recorded for quercetin (512.9 mg/kg) and luteolin (458.4 mg/kg). Concentration of all compounds was the highest in the inoculated samples, while in the control and in the inoculated samples treated with fungicides their contents were significantly lower and similar, as confirmed by the statistical analysis conducted by multivariate methods. In most cases, significant correlations were obtained between individual flavonoids. Such correlations were observed for all flavonoids in samples covering all the three variants and almost all flavonoids in the inoculated samples. The lowest number of correlations was recorded for samples treated with fungicides.展开更多
Survey covering 120 wheat fields was conducted in three wheat-growing districts of Kenya during the 2008 cropping season to determine the incidence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and T2-toxin contamination in grain. FH...Survey covering 120 wheat fields was conducted in three wheat-growing districts of Kenya during the 2008 cropping season to determine the incidence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and T2-toxin contamination in grain. FHB incidence was determined as the number of blighted ears per 10m2. Information gathered included wheat production practices, rainfall and temperature data. Fungal pathogens were isolated from wheat stems, heads, straw, grains and soil and identified based on cultural and morphological characteristics. Wheat grain samples were analyzed for T2-toxin by competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). High FHB incidences of up to 88% were recorded. Fungal genera isolated included Fusarium, Epicoccum, Trichoderma, Alternaria and Penicilium. Wheat plant parts with high infection with Alternaria and Epicoccum had corresponding low levels of Fusarium spp. Whereas Fusarium spp. were the most common fungal pathogens in stems, heads and soil, Epicoccum was frequently isolated from straw and grains. Fusarium speciesisolated included F. poae, F. graminearum, F. stilboides, F. verticilloides, F. fusarioides, F. tricinctum and F. heterosporum with F. poae and F. graminearum accounting for approximately 40% of all Fusarium infections. T-2 toxin was detected in all the grain samples and varied from 3 to 22 ppb. The study showed that FHB and T2-toxin are prevalent in the study districts and the high diversity of Fusarium species implies a challenge in FHB management as well as a risk of chronic T2-toxin exposure to humans and livestock.展开更多
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) play potential roles in plant resistance to various diseases. Identifying TLPs is neces-sary to determine their function and apply them to plant disease resistance. However, limited info...Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) play potential roles in plant resistance to various diseases. Identifying TLPs is neces-sary to determine their function and apply them to plant disease resistance. However, limited information is available about TLP-family genes in wheat, especially regarding their responses to Fusarium species, which cause Fusarium head blight in wheat. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide survey of TLP genes in wheat and identified 129 TLP genes in the wheat genome, which were unevenly distributed on 21 wheat chromosomes, with 5A containing the highest number. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 129 wheat TLP genes together with 24 Arabidopsis TLPs were classified into 7 groups based on the protein sequences. We systematically analyzed the genes in terms of their sequence characterization, chromosomal locations, exon-intron distribution, duplication (tandem and segmental) events and expression profiles in response to Fusarium infection. Furthermore, we analyzed differen-tially expressed TLP genes based on publicly available RNA-seq data obtained from a resistant near isogenic wheat line at different time points after Fusarium graminearum inoculation. Then, the expression of 9 differentially expressed TLP genes was confirmed by real-time PCR, and these 9 genes were all upregulated in the resistant Sumai 3 variety, which was generally consistent with the RNA-seq data. Our results provide a basis for selecting candidate wheat TLP genes for further studies to determine the biological functions of the TLP genes in wheat.展开更多
Over the 2003-2009 period, field campaigns were carried out in order to identify the main fungal diseases of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. Four fungal diseases （septoria leaf bl...Over the 2003-2009 period, field campaigns were carried out in order to identify the main fungal diseases of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. Four fungal diseases （septoria leaf blotch （SLB）, wheat leaf rust （WLR）, wheat powdery mildew （WPM） and fusarium head blight （FHB）） were observed and a regional-based typology was established according to their severity and prevalence. In the Gutland （South）, SLB severity was strong （about 51% on average） and higher than the severity （about 16%） prevailing in the Oesling （North）. Similar typology was observed with the WLR： high severity in the Gutland （66% and 57% for the years 2003 and 2007, respectively） and low severity （〈 1%） in the Oesling. The FHB was also present in the Eastern part of the Gutland, with a prevalence and severity significantly higher （P = 0.049 and P = 0.012, respectively, Tukey＇s test） compared with their values in the Oesling. On the other hand, the WPM severity was high in the Oesling （15% to 40%） while less than 1% in the Gutland. Such a study is important for the spatial mapping of wheat fungal diseases risk based on agroclimatic parameters and for defining optimal frequencies and dates of chemical treatments.展开更多
Fusarium head blight is one of the most important diseases affecting wheat yield and quality.It is of great significance to carry out intelligent monitoring of wheat Fusarium head blight for high yield,high quality an...Fusarium head blight is one of the most important diseases affecting wheat yield and quality.It is of great significance to carry out intelligent monitoring of wheat Fusarium head blight for high yield,high quality and sustainable development of wheat.On the basis of identifying the harms of wheat Fusarium head blight,this paper analyzed the monitoring technology of wheat Fusarium head blight based on satellite remote sensing,hyperspectral,near-infrared,Internet of things and photoelectric system,to provide a reference for the intelligent monitoring of wheat Fusarium head blight.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program,Intergovernmental Key Items for International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation(2018YFE0107700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771772)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX19_2109)the National Key R&D Program for Breeding of Top-seven Crops(2017YFD0100801)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB) is a global wheat disease that devastates wheat production. Resistance to FHB spread within a wheat spike(type Ⅱ resistance) and to mycotoxin accumulation in infected kernel(type Ⅲ resistance) are the two main types of resistance. Of hundreds of QTL that have been reported, only a few can be used in wheat breeding because most show minor and/or inconsistent effects in different genetic backgrounds. We describe a new strategy for identifying robust and reliable meta-QTL(mQTL)that can be used for improvement of wheat FHB resistance. It involves integration of mQTL analysis with mQTL physical mapping and identification of single-copy markers and candidate genes. Using metaanalysis, we consolidated 625 original QTL from 113 publications into 118 genetic map-based mQTL(gmQTL). These gmQTL were further located on the Chinese Spring reference sequence map. Finally, 77 high-confidence mQTL(hcmQTL) were selected from the reference sequence-based mQTL(smQTL).Locus-specific single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers and17 genes responsive to FHB were then identified in the hcmQTL intervals by combined analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data. This work may lead to a comprehensive molecular breeding platform for improving wheat resistance to FHB.
基金the U.S.Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative and the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants(2022-68013-36439)from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture,U.S.Department of Agriculture(USDA).
文摘Wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight(FHB)has often been associated with some undesirable agronomic traits.To study the relationship between wheat FHB resistance and agronomic traits,we constructed a linkage map of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)using an F6:8 population from G97252WG97380A.The two hard winter wheat parents showed contrasts in FHB resistance,plant height(HT),heading date(HD),spike length(SL),spike compactness(SC),kernel number per spike(KNS),spikelet number per spike(SNS),thousand-grain weight(TGW)and grain size(length and width).Quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping identified one major QTL(QFhb.hwwg-2DS)on chromosome arm 2DS for the percentage of symptomatic spikelets(PSS)in the spike,deoxynivalenol(DON)content and Fusarium damaged kernel(FDK).This QTL explained up to 71.8%of the phenotypic variation for the three FHB-related traits and overlapped with the major QTL for HT,HD,SL,KNS,SNS,TGW,and grain size.QTL on chromosome arms 2AL,2DS,3AL and 4BS were significant for the spike and grain traits measured.G97252W contributed FHB resistance and high SNS alleles at QFhb.hwwg-2DS,high KNS alleles at the QTL on 2AL and 2DS,and high TGW and grain size alleles at QTL on 3AL;whereas G97380A contributed high TGW and grain size alleles at the QTL on 2AL and 2DS,respectively,and the high KNS allele at the 4BS QTL.Combining QFhb.hwwg-2DS with positive alleles for spike and grain traits from other chromosomes may simultaneously improve FHB resistance and grain yield in new cultivars.
文摘Grain of 30 winter wheat cultivars was screened for the content of seven flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin, rutin, vitexin). In total, 90 samples were analyzed, belonging to three combinations: the control, samples inoculated with Fusarium culmorum, and samples inoculated with Fusarium culmorum and protected with fungicides (Prosaro, Topsin M). Analyzed flavonoids were detected in all tested samples. The highest concentrations were recorded for quercetin (512.9 mg/kg) and luteolin (458.4 mg/kg). Concentration of all compounds was the highest in the inoculated samples, while in the control and in the inoculated samples treated with fungicides their contents were significantly lower and similar, as confirmed by the statistical analysis conducted by multivariate methods. In most cases, significant correlations were obtained between individual flavonoids. Such correlations were observed for all flavonoids in samples covering all the three variants and almost all flavonoids in the inoculated samples. The lowest number of correlations was recorded for samples treated with fungicides.
文摘Survey covering 120 wheat fields was conducted in three wheat-growing districts of Kenya during the 2008 cropping season to determine the incidence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and T2-toxin contamination in grain. FHB incidence was determined as the number of blighted ears per 10m2. Information gathered included wheat production practices, rainfall and temperature data. Fungal pathogens were isolated from wheat stems, heads, straw, grains and soil and identified based on cultural and morphological characteristics. Wheat grain samples were analyzed for T2-toxin by competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). High FHB incidences of up to 88% were recorded. Fungal genera isolated included Fusarium, Epicoccum, Trichoderma, Alternaria and Penicilium. Wheat plant parts with high infection with Alternaria and Epicoccum had corresponding low levels of Fusarium spp. Whereas Fusarium spp. were the most common fungal pathogens in stems, heads and soil, Epicoccum was frequently isolated from straw and grains. Fusarium speciesisolated included F. poae, F. graminearum, F. stilboides, F. verticilloides, F. fusarioides, F. tricinctum and F. heterosporum with F. poae and F. graminearum accounting for approximately 40% of all Fusarium infections. T-2 toxin was detected in all the grain samples and varied from 3 to 22 ppb. The study showed that FHB and T2-toxin are prevalent in the study districts and the high diversity of Fusarium species implies a challenge in FHB management as well as a risk of chronic T2-toxin exposure to humans and livestock.
基金supported partially by the National Key Project for the Research and Development of China(2017YFE0126700)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(21)3109)Jiangsu seed Industry Revitalization Project(JBGS(2021)052).
文摘Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) play potential roles in plant resistance to various diseases. Identifying TLPs is neces-sary to determine their function and apply them to plant disease resistance. However, limited information is available about TLP-family genes in wheat, especially regarding their responses to Fusarium species, which cause Fusarium head blight in wheat. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide survey of TLP genes in wheat and identified 129 TLP genes in the wheat genome, which were unevenly distributed on 21 wheat chromosomes, with 5A containing the highest number. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 129 wheat TLP genes together with 24 Arabidopsis TLPs were classified into 7 groups based on the protein sequences. We systematically analyzed the genes in terms of their sequence characterization, chromosomal locations, exon-intron distribution, duplication (tandem and segmental) events and expression profiles in response to Fusarium infection. Furthermore, we analyzed differen-tially expressed TLP genes based on publicly available RNA-seq data obtained from a resistant near isogenic wheat line at different time points after Fusarium graminearum inoculation. Then, the expression of 9 differentially expressed TLP genes was confirmed by real-time PCR, and these 9 genes were all upregulated in the resistant Sumai 3 variety, which was generally consistent with the RNA-seq data. Our results provide a basis for selecting candidate wheat TLP genes for further studies to determine the biological functions of the TLP genes in wheat.
文摘Over the 2003-2009 period, field campaigns were carried out in order to identify the main fungal diseases of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. Four fungal diseases （septoria leaf blotch （SLB）, wheat leaf rust （WLR）, wheat powdery mildew （WPM） and fusarium head blight （FHB）） were observed and a regional-based typology was established according to their severity and prevalence. In the Gutland （South）, SLB severity was strong （about 51% on average） and higher than the severity （about 16%） prevailing in the Oesling （North）. Similar typology was observed with the WLR： high severity in the Gutland （66% and 57% for the years 2003 and 2007, respectively） and low severity （〈 1%） in the Oesling. The FHB was also present in the Eastern part of the Gutland, with a prevalence and severity significantly higher （P = 0.049 and P = 0.012, respectively, Tukey＇s test） compared with their values in the Oesling. On the other hand, the WPM severity was high in the Oesling （15% to 40%） while less than 1% in the Gutland. Such a study is important for the spatial mapping of wheat fungal diseases risk based on agroclimatic parameters and for defining optimal frequencies and dates of chemical treatments.
文摘Fusarium head blight is one of the most important diseases affecting wheat yield and quality.It is of great significance to carry out intelligent monitoring of wheat Fusarium head blight for high yield,high quality and sustainable development of wheat.On the basis of identifying the harms of wheat Fusarium head blight,this paper analyzed the monitoring technology of wheat Fusarium head blight based on satellite remote sensing,hyperspectral,near-infrared,Internet of things and photoelectric system,to provide a reference for the intelligent monitoring of wheat Fusarium head blight.
