To answer“what is wisdom?”,contemporary epistemologists have proposed various theories,one of which is Knowledge as Knowing How to Live Well(KLW).Stephen Grimm(2015)gives a recent version of KLW including three nece...To answer“what is wisdom?”,contemporary epistemologists have proposed various theories,one of which is Knowledge as Knowing How to Live Well(KLW).Stephen Grimm(2015)gives a recent version of KLW including three necessary conditions of wisdom.I criticize Grimm’s KLW in three aspects.Firstly,Grimm merely considers practical justifies beliefs and ignores theoretical justified beliefs.Secondly,Grimm’s claim“wisdom requires knowledge”is too strong to defend.Thirdly,knowing“a strategy for obtaining Goods”doesn’t entail following that strategy to obtain Goods.Respectively,I modify Grimm’s theory from three aspects:(Ⅰ)adding“a broad range of theoretical justified beliefs”in the definition of wisdom;(Ⅱ)replacing“knowledge”with“justified beliefs”;(Ⅲ)adding“a sincere tendency to act”in the definition of wisdom.The modified Grimm’s KLW provides more plausible necessary conditions of wisdom.Furthermore,conjunction of these necessary conditions can be regards as sufficient in a sense that the modified Grimm’s KLW provides a synthesis of other theories of wisdom.展开更多
文摘To answer“what is wisdom?”,contemporary epistemologists have proposed various theories,one of which is Knowledge as Knowing How to Live Well(KLW).Stephen Grimm(2015)gives a recent version of KLW including three necessary conditions of wisdom.I criticize Grimm’s KLW in three aspects.Firstly,Grimm merely considers practical justifies beliefs and ignores theoretical justified beliefs.Secondly,Grimm’s claim“wisdom requires knowledge”is too strong to defend.Thirdly,knowing“a strategy for obtaining Goods”doesn’t entail following that strategy to obtain Goods.Respectively,I modify Grimm’s theory from three aspects:(Ⅰ)adding“a broad range of theoretical justified beliefs”in the definition of wisdom;(Ⅱ)replacing“knowledge”with“justified beliefs”;(Ⅲ)adding“a sincere tendency to act”in the definition of wisdom.The modified Grimm’s KLW provides more plausible necessary conditions of wisdom.Furthermore,conjunction of these necessary conditions can be regards as sufficient in a sense that the modified Grimm’s KLW provides a synthesis of other theories of wisdom.
