利用NCEP再分析气象资料和GRAPES_CAMS人工影响天气模式结合降水资料对飞机"雨作业条件进行分析.结果表明:南支槽、静止锋、南支槽和静止锋相互配合、700 h Pa切变线、孟加拉湾低槽是云南飞机"雨作业的主要天气形势,低层(550...利用NCEP再分析气象资料和GRAPES_CAMS人工影响天气模式结合降水资料对飞机"雨作业条件进行分析.结果表明:南支槽、静止锋、南支槽和静止锋相互配合、700 h Pa切变线、孟加拉湾低槽是云南飞机"雨作业的主要天气形势,低层(550或600 h Pa以下)相对湿度在60%以上的高湿和垂直上升运动环境是飞机增雨作业的必要条件,促使低层水汽向上运动和Ag I凝结核抬升凝结增长形成雨滴而导致降水增大,同时水汽混合比、垂直累积液态水(过冷水)、云顶温度、云顶高度等云系宏微观参量达到一定阈值,才能产生足够的云水和冰水粒子保障Ag I凝结增长.展开更多
Winter synoptic conditions that produce snowfall with bitterly cold temperatures create both social and economic hazards in the capital city of Albany, NY. Sometimes these systems are forecasted in error to produce ra...Winter synoptic conditions that produce snowfall with bitterly cold temperatures create both social and economic hazards in the capital city of Albany, NY. Sometimes these systems are forecasted in error to produce rain or mixed precipitation. It is beneficial for meteorologists to better understand the commonly used 5400 and 1300 GPM line to better forecast rain versus snow events. Other studies have looked into the use of the 5400 GPM (540 dm) line but none have assessed the validity of this boundary with respect to weather type characterization at Albany. This study aims to determine the reliability of the widely referenced guides for depicting the rain-snow line, and improve forecast aids for the vertical atmosphere during winter precipitation events. The mean daily 500, 850, 925 and 1000 mb heights and weather type frequency of the Spatial Synoptic Classification between November and March of 1980 - 2012 are analyzed. Results indicate that the standard vertical boundaries are inaccurate indicators of a rain versus snow event in Albany. More reasonable rain-snow cut offs for the 1000 - 500 and 1000 - 850 mb thicknesses are 5222 and 1262 GPM. For the 1000 - 925 mb level, 606 GPM is a helpful aid of identifying the rain-snow boundary. Further scrutinizing by weather type indicates that the rain-snow boundary also varies depending on what air mass/weather type is present on a given day. For instance, when the most prominent weather type is observed over Albany (Dry Polar), at the 1000 - 850 mb and 1000 - 500 mb layers, a boundary of 1242 GPM and 5152 GPM is found to be most representative. Results indicate only for the rarest of winter weather types observed over Albany, Moist Tropical, are the standard cut offs useful. Determining the reliability of this precipitation indicator at a specific station, like Albany, could enable meteorologists in other regions of the country to draw parallels between weather type, precipitation, and thickness in their forecast zones.展开更多
文摘利用NCEP再分析气象资料和GRAPES_CAMS人工影响天气模式结合降水资料对飞机"雨作业条件进行分析.结果表明:南支槽、静止锋、南支槽和静止锋相互配合、700 h Pa切变线、孟加拉湾低槽是云南飞机"雨作业的主要天气形势,低层(550或600 h Pa以下)相对湿度在60%以上的高湿和垂直上升运动环境是飞机增雨作业的必要条件,促使低层水汽向上运动和Ag I凝结核抬升凝结增长形成雨滴而导致降水增大,同时水汽混合比、垂直累积液态水(过冷水)、云顶温度、云顶高度等云系宏微观参量达到一定阈值,才能产生足够的云水和冰水粒子保障Ag I凝结增长.
文摘Winter synoptic conditions that produce snowfall with bitterly cold temperatures create both social and economic hazards in the capital city of Albany, NY. Sometimes these systems are forecasted in error to produce rain or mixed precipitation. It is beneficial for meteorologists to better understand the commonly used 5400 and 1300 GPM line to better forecast rain versus snow events. Other studies have looked into the use of the 5400 GPM (540 dm) line but none have assessed the validity of this boundary with respect to weather type characterization at Albany. This study aims to determine the reliability of the widely referenced guides for depicting the rain-snow line, and improve forecast aids for the vertical atmosphere during winter precipitation events. The mean daily 500, 850, 925 and 1000 mb heights and weather type frequency of the Spatial Synoptic Classification between November and March of 1980 - 2012 are analyzed. Results indicate that the standard vertical boundaries are inaccurate indicators of a rain versus snow event in Albany. More reasonable rain-snow cut offs for the 1000 - 500 and 1000 - 850 mb thicknesses are 5222 and 1262 GPM. For the 1000 - 925 mb level, 606 GPM is a helpful aid of identifying the rain-snow boundary. Further scrutinizing by weather type indicates that the rain-snow boundary also varies depending on what air mass/weather type is present on a given day. For instance, when the most prominent weather type is observed over Albany (Dry Polar), at the 1000 - 850 mb and 1000 - 500 mb layers, a boundary of 1242 GPM and 5152 GPM is found to be most representative. Results indicate only for the rarest of winter weather types observed over Albany, Moist Tropical, are the standard cut offs useful. Determining the reliability of this precipitation indicator at a specific station, like Albany, could enable meteorologists in other regions of the country to draw parallels between weather type, precipitation, and thickness in their forecast zones.
